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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiative equilibrium'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Stephens, Graeme L., Susan van den Heever, and Lyle Pakula. "Radiative–Convective Feedbacks in Idealized States of Radiative–Convective Equilibrium." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 12 (2008): 3899–916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2524.1.

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Abstract This paper examines feedbacks between the radiative heating of clouds and convection in the context of numerical radiative–convective equilibrium experiments conducted using both 2D and 3D versions of a cloud-resolving model. The experiments are conducted on a large domain, and equilibria develop as juxtaposed regions of dry and moist air that are connected and sustained by circulations between them. The scales of such variability are large and differ significantly between the 2D and 3D versions of the experiments. Three sensitivity experiments were conducted which, when compared to t

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2

R., N. Edoga, and Onwuegbu C. "ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON SOLAR RADIATION USING A SIMPLE CLIMATE MODEL." Continental J. Agronomy 3 (June 18, 2009): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.810458.

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The zero-dimensional model was used to assess the influence of climate change on solar radiation in Minna – Nigeria. Ten years climatic data (1998 – 2007) obtained from the Meteorological Department, Federal Airport Authority, Minna; served as input in zero – dimensional equation and statistical analyses. Zero dimensional was used in computing the radiative equilibrium for each year. The result showed that the radiative equilibrium increases yearly with increase in temperature. The various statistical analyses showed that temperature is closely related to the radiative equilibrium of the area

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Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "To simple waves and small-amplitude perturbations in radiation gasodynamics." Mathematica Montisnigri 59 (2024): 28–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/mathmontis-2024-59-4.

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The paper analyzes one-dimensional simple waves and small-amplitude perturbations in radiating and scattering gray gas. The governing equation of radiation acoustics describing the dynamics of simple waves is derived. The conditions of radiation-thermal dissipation and radiation resistance force are introduced into this equation to describe the propagation with dissipation and attenuation of various radiation perturbation waves. The phenomenological approximate Whitham method is used to investigate non-equilibrium wave phenomena in radiative medium. This method is an effective way to analyze f

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4

Holden, Glen, and Christopher Essex. "Radiative entropy equilibrium." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 57, no. 1 (1997): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(96)00109-4.

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5

Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "Simple waves and small perturbations in radiative gas dynamics." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 48 (2023): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2023-48.

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The paper analyses one-dimensional simple waves and small-amplitude disturbances in radiating and scattering grey gas. The governing equation of radiation acoustics describing the dynamics of simple waves is derived. Radiation-thermal dissipation conditions and radiation resistance force are introduced into this equation to describe the propagation and attenuation of various radiation perturbation waves. To study non-equilibrium wave phenomena in a radiating medium, the phenomenological Whitham method is used. This method is an effective way to analyse fundamental modes when more than one velo

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6

Sun, Wenjun, Song Jiang, and Kun Xu. "An Implicit Unified Gas Kinetic Scheme for Radiative Transfer with Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Diffusive Limits." Communications in Computational Physics 22, no. 4 (2017): 889–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.oa-2016-0261.

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AbstractThis paper is about the construction of a unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for a coupled system of radiative transport and material heat conduction with different diffusive limits. Different from the previous approach, instead of including absorption/emission only, the current method takes both scattering and absorption/emission mechanism into account in the radiative transport process. As a result, two asymptotic limiting solutions will appear in the diffusive regime. In the strong absorption/emission case, an equilibrium diffusion limit is obtained, where the system is mainly driven

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Degl'Innocenti, Egidio Landi. "The Physics of Polarization." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 10, S305 (2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921315004433.

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AbstractThe introductory lecture that has been delivered at this Symposium is a condensed version of an extended course held by the author at the XII Canary Island Winter School from November 13 to November 21, 2000. The full series of lectures can be found in Landi Degl'Innocenti (2002). The original reference is organized in 20 Sections that are here itemized: 1. Introduction, 2. Description of polarized radiation, 3. Polarization and optical devices: Jones calculus and Muller matrices, 4. The Fresnel equations, 5. Dichroism and anomalous dispersion, 6. Polarization in everyday life, 7. Pola

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8

Danehkar, A., M. S. Oey, and W. J. Gray. "Numerical Modeling of Galactic Superwinds with Time-evolving Stellar Feedback." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 17, S370 (2021): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921323000066.

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AbstractMass-loss and radiation feedback from evolving massive stars produce galactic-scale superwinds, sometimes surrounded by pressure-driven bubbles. Using the time-dependent stellar population typically seen in star-forming regions, we conduct hydrodynamic simulations of a starburst-driven superwind model coupled with radiative efficiency rates to investigate the formation of radiative cooling superwinds and bubbles. Our numerical simulations depict the parameter space where radiative cooling superwinds with or without bubbles occur. Moreover, we employ the physical properties and time-dep

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9

Rochetin, Nicolas, Benjamin R. Lintner, Kirsten L. Findell, Adam H. Sobel, and Pierre Gentine. "Radiative–Convective Equilibrium over a Land Surface." Journal of Climate 27, no. 23 (2014): 8611–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-13-00654.1.

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Abstract Radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE) describes an idealized state of the atmosphere in which the vertical temperature profile is determined by a balance between radiative and convective fluxes. While RCE has been applied extensively over oceans, its application over the land surface has been limited. The present study explores the properties of RCE over land using an atmospheric single-column model (SCM) from the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique–Zoom, version 5B (LMDZ5B) general circulation model coupled in temperature and moisture to a land surface model using a simplified buc

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10

Popp, Max, Hauke Schmidt, and Jochem Marotzke. "Initiation of a Runaway Greenhouse in a Cloudy Column." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 1 (2015): 452–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-13-047.1.

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Abstract A one-dimensional radiative–convective equilibrium model is used to investigate the influence of clouds on the onset of a runaway greenhouse under strong solar forcing. By comparing experiments with clear-sky conditions (clouds are transparent to radiation) to experiments with full-sky conditions (clouds are radiatively active), the authors find that the critical solar irradiance that is necessary to trigger a runaway greenhouse is increased from around 1.15–1.20 times the present-day total solar irradiance (TSI) on Earth S0 for clear-sky conditions to around 1.40–1.45S0 for full-sky

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11

Wan, Linfeng, Xi Zhang, and Tanguy Bertrand. "Effects of Haze Radiation and Eddy Heat Transport on the Thermal Structure of Pluto’s Lower Atmosphere." Astrophysical Journal 922, no. 2 (2021): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac25f2.

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Abstract The temperature profile of Pluto’s atmosphere has generally been assumed in a radiative–conductive equilibrium. Recent studies further highlighted the importance of radiative heating and cooling effects by haze particles. In this study, we update results from Zhang et al. by taking into account the icy haze composition proposed by Lavvas et al., and find that radiation of such an icy haze could still dominate the energy balance in the middle and upper atmosphere and explain the cold temperature observed by New Horizons. However, additional considerations are needed to explain the rapi

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12

Sasanuma, Michio. "On the Radiative Equilibrium Condition and the Thermal Radiation." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 64, no. 2 (1995): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.64.448.

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13

Takahashi, Ken. "Radiative Constraints on the Hydrological Cycle in an Idealized Radiative–Convective Equilibrium Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 66, no. 1 (2009): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2008jas2797.1.

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Abstract The radiative constraints on the partitioning of the surface energy budget and, hence, on the strength of the hydrological cycle are analyzed in an idealized one-dimensional radiative–convective equilibrium model formulated in terms of the energy budgets at the top of the atmosphere, the subcloud layer, and the free atmosphere, which enables it to predict both surface relative humidity and the air–sea temperature difference. Using semigray radiative transfer, a semianalytical solution was obtained that explicitly shows how the surface latent heat flux (LHF) is related to the radiative

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14

Wang, Lei, and Sukyoung Lee. "The Role of Eddy Diffusivity on a Poleward Jet Shift." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 12 (2016): 4945–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0082.1.

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Abstract The authors use a quasigeostrophic (QG) two-layer model to examine how eddies modify the meridional asymmetry of a zonal jet. The initial asymmetry is introduced in the model’s “radiative equilibrium state” and is intended to mimic a radiatively forced poleward jet shift simulated by climate models. The calculations show that the initial “poleward” jet shift in the two-layer model is amplified by eddy potential vorticity fluxes. This eddy-accentuation effect is greater as the baroclinicity of the equilibrium state is reduced, suggesting that seasonal variations in baroclinicity may he

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15

Brookshaw, Leigh. "The Stability of Rotating Stars." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 7, no. 2 (1987): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000022013.

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It was first shown by von Zeipel (1924) that strict radiative equilibrium is impossible in the radiative zones of a uniformly rotating star. This result lead Eddington (1925) and Vogt (1925) to independently suggest the existence of large-scale meridional currents in the radiative zones of rotating stars. Eddington argued that since these currents will transport angular momentum, the condition of strict radiative equilibrium would result in meridional currents combined with differential rotation.

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16

Kolesnichenko, A. V. "Jeans Instability of an Astrophysical Self-Gravitating Medium in the Presence of High Radiation Pressure and Diffuse Radiative Transfer." Астрономический вестник 57, no. 3 (2023): 262–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0320930x23030040.

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Within the problem of modeling the evolution of a protostellar disk, a discussion is presented on the effect of radiation on the Jeans gravitational instability for a self-gravitating optically thick (for intrinsic infrared radiation) gas-and-dust medium, taking into account the influence of radiation pressure perturbations and radiative diffusion transfer on the critical wavelength. Two radiative diffusion approximations are considered: the case of perfect thermal equilibrium with the same temperature of matter and radiation and the case of the time dependence of the radiation field with an e

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17

Hakim, Gregory J. "The Mean State of Axisymmetric Hurricanes in Statistical Equilibrium." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 68, no. 6 (2011): 1364–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3644.1.

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Abstract Numerical experiments are performed to determine the mean state of an axisymmetric hurricane in statistical equilibrium. Most earlier studies used a damping scheme on the temperature field as a parameterization of radiative cooling, which the authors demonstrate yields storms that have little convection outside the eyewall and do not achieve statistical equilibrium. Here the effects of infrared radiation are explicitly simulated, which permits the storm to achieve radiative–convective equilibrium. Beginning from a state of rest, a storm spontaneously develops with maximum surface wind

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18

Ping, Fan, Zhexian Luo, and Xiaofan Li. "Microphysical and Radiative Effects of Ice Clouds on Tropical Equilibrium States: A Two-Dimensional Cloud-Resolving Modeling Study." Monthly Weather Review 135, no. 7 (2007): 2794–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr3419.1.

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Abstract The microphysical and radiative effects of ice clouds on tropical equilibrium states are investigated based on three two-dimensional cloud-resolving simulations imposed by zero vertical velocity and time-invariant zonal wind and sea surface temperature. An experiment without ice microphysics (ice microphysical and radiative effects; C00), another experiment without ice radiative effects (CI0), and the control experiment (CIR) are carried out. The model with cyclic lateral boundaries is integrated for 40 days to reach equilibrium states in all experiments. CI0 produces a colder and dri

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19

Machali, H. F. "Radiative transfer in participating media under conditions of radiative equilibrium." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 53, no. 2 (1995): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(95)90007-1.

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20

Wing, Allison A., Kevin A. Reed, Masaki Satoh, Bjorn Stevens, Sandrine Bony, and Tomoki Ohno. "Radiative–convective equilibrium model intercomparison project." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 2 (2018): 793–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-793-2018.

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Abstract. RCEMIP, an intercomparison of multiple types of models configured in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE), is proposed. RCE is an idealization of the climate system in which there is a balance between radiative cooling of the atmosphere and heating by convection. The scientific objectives of RCEMIP are three-fold. First, clouds and climate sensitivity will be investigated in the RCE setting. This includes determining how cloud fraction changes with warming and the role of self-aggregation of convection in climate sensitivity. Second, RCEMIP will quantify the dependence of the degre

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21

Kamp, Inga. "Line radiative transfer and statistical equilibrium." EPJ Web of Conferences 102 (2015): 00010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201510200010.

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22

Heinzel, P., and U. Anzer. "Radiative equilibrium in solar prominences reconsidered." Astronomy & Astrophysics 539 (February 23, 2012): A49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200913537.

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23

Hauschildt, P. H. "Radiative equilibrium in rapidly expanding shells." Astrophysical Journal 398 (October 1992): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/171850.

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24

Callies, U., and F. Herbert. "Radiative processes and non-equilibrium thermodynamics." ZAMP Zeitschrift f�r angewandte Mathematik und Physik 39, no. 2 (1988): 242–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00945769.

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25

Goukenleuque, Cédric, Bruno Bézard, and Emmanuel Lellouch. "Radiative equilibrium models of “hot Jupiters”." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 202 (2004): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900218056.

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We present an extension of our equilibrium model, initially applied to 51 Peg b (Goukenleuque et al. 2000), to other irradiated extrasolar planets with different orbital distances (up to 1 AU). The model yields the mean atmospheric thermal structure and predicts the reflected spectral flux as well as the thermal flux emerging from such planets, in the visible and in the infrared wavelength ranges.

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Le Bourlot, J., E. Roueff, S. R. Federman, A. M. Ritchey, and D. L. Lambert. "Rotational equilibrium of C₂ in diffuse interstellar clouds." Astronomy & Astrophysics 699 (July 2025): A217. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554760.

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Context. Recent spectroscopic measurements have revealed absorption from higher rotational levels in C2 than previous observations. These improvements are accompanied by the availability of updated radiative and collisional data. Aims. We revisit the density and radiation field intensity diagnostics provided by the observations of many rotational levels of interstellar C2 and extensive molecular information. Methods. We built an excitation model of C2 without spatial structure, including levels up to J = 34 where updated radiative and collisional excitation data are introduced as well as excit

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27

Bjorkman, J. E., and Kenneth Wood. "Radiative Equilibrium and Temperature Correction in Monte Carlo Radiation Transfer." Astrophysical Journal 554, no. 1 (2001): 615–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/321336.

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28

Yang, Shaobo, Shung-Hsiang Wu, Yu-Sheng Lin, Chun-Jui Chu, and C. C. Yang. "Surface plasmon coupling effects on the behaviors of radiative and non-radiative recombination in an InGaN/GaN quantum well." Journal of Applied Physics 133, no. 2 (2023): 023104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0132941.

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Although surface plasmon (SP) coupling has been widely used for enhancing the emission efficiency of an InGaN/GaN quantum well (QW) structure, the interplay of the carrier transport behavior in the QW with SP coupling, which is a crucial mechanism controlling the SP-coupling induced QW emission enhancement, is still an issue not well explored yet. To understand the effects of SP coupling on the radiative and non-radiative recombination behaviors of carriers in a QW structure, the temperature-dependent time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopies of two QW samples of different indium contents

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Larsen, M. E., and J. R. Howell. "The Exchange Factor Method: An Alternative Basis for Zonal Analysis of Radiating Enclosures." Journal of Heat Transfer 107, no. 4 (1985): 936–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3247524.

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In zonal analysis of an enclosure containing a radiatively participating medium, the volume and bounding surface are divided into volume and area elements which are assumed to be isothermal. For a system of M elements consisting of N surfaces and Γ volume elements (M = N + Γ), M2 relationships (direct- or total-exchange areas of conventional zonal analysis) define all possible radiant interchange between element pairs. Due to reciprocity there are at most M(M + 1)/2 unique direct-exchange areas. The use of symmetry may greatly reduce the number of unique exchange areas. In the alternative form

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Jiang, Peng, and Fei Yu. "Global Well Posedness for the Thermally Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Equations in 3D." Journal of Function Spaces 2020 (July 10, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4748101.

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In this paper, we study the thermally radiative magnetohydrodynamic equations in 3D, which describe the dynamical behaviors of magnetized fluids that have nonignorable energy and momentum exchange with radiation under the nonlocal thermal equilibrium case. By using exquisite energy estimate, global existence and uniqueness of classical solutions to Cauchy problem in ℝ3 or T3 are established when initial data is a small perturbation of some given equilibrium. We can further prove that the rates of convergence of solution toward the equilibrium state are algebraic in ℝ3 and exponential in T3 und

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Sugiyama, Masahiro, Peter H. Stone, and Kerry A. Emanuel. "The Role of Relative Humidity in Radiative–Convective Equilibrium." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 62, no. 6 (2005): 2001–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas3434.1.

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Abstract The following conditions are derived for the existence of a radiation limit of tropospheric origin in a nongray atmosphere, extending the work on a gray atmosphere by Nakajima et al.: 1) the atmosphere must become sufficiently optically thick, and 2) the temperature must become only a function of optical depth at each frequency, independent of surface temperature. The first condition is satisfied at high temperatures even in a window region as long as there is weak but nonzero absorption, because the optical depth of the entire atmosphere roughly scales as saturation vapor pressure. A

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Budaev, Bair V., and David B. Bogy. "The role of EM wave polarization on radiative heat transfer across a nanoscale gap." Journal of Applied Physics 132, no. 5 (2022): 054903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0094382.

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This work presents a novel study of radiative heat transfer between closely separated plates based on an extension of Planck’s spectrum of thermal radiations to systems with a steady heat flux. This extension together with electromagnetic wave theory is chosen specifically to avoid the commonly used so-called fluctuation dissipation theory, which is also limited to equilibrium systems. The spectrum of thermal radiation with a heat flux is described by the introduction of an analog of a chemical potential, which creates a bias toward the direction of heat transfer. This is the first comprehensi

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Bayazitoglu, Y., and B. Y. Wang. "Wavelets in the Solution of Nongray Radiative Heat Transfer Equation." Journal of Heat Transfer 120, no. 1 (1998): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2830036.

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The wavelet basis functions are introduced into the radiative transfer equation in the frequency domain. The intensity of radiation is expanded in terms of Daubechies’ wrapped-around wavelet functions. It is shown that the wavelet basis approach to modeling nongrayness can be incorporated into any solution method for the equation of transfer. In this paper the resulting system of equations is solved for the one-dimensional radiative equilibrium problem using the P-N approximation.

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Cvelbar, F., E. Betak, and J. Merhar. "Pre-equilibrium-equilibrium model calculations of nucleon radiative capture excitation functions." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 17, no. 2 (1991): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/17/2/005.

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Baes, Maarten, Dimitris Stamatellos, Jonathan I. Davies, et al. "Radiative equilibrium in Monte Carlo radiative transfer using frequency distribution adjustment." New Astronomy 10, no. 6 (2005): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2005.03.005.

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Khairoutdinov, Marat F., and Kerry Emanuel. "Intraseasonal Variability in a Cloud-Permitting Near-Global Equatorial Aquaplanet Model." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 75, no. 12 (2018): 4337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0152.1.

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Abstract Recent studies have suggested that the Madden–Julian oscillation is a result of an instability driven mainly by cloud–radiation feedbacks, similar in character to self-aggregation of convection in nonrotating, cloud-permitting simulations of radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE). Here we bolster that inference by simulating radiative–convective equilibrium states on a rotating sphere with constant sea surface temperature, using the cloud-permitting System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) with 20-km grid spacing and extending to walls at 46° latitude in each hemisphere. Mechanism-denial

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Tessore, B., C. Pinte, J. Bouvier, and F. Ménard. "Atomic line radiative transfer with MCFOST." Astronomy & Astrophysics 647 (March 2021): A27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039697.

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Aims. We present MCFOST-art, a new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer solver for multilevel atomic systems. The code is embedded in the 3D radiative transfer code MCFOST and is compatible with most of the MCFOST modules. The code is versatile and designed to model the close environment of stars in 3D. Methods. The code solves for the statistical equilibrium and radiative transfer equations using the Multilevel Accelerated Lambda Iteration method. We tested MCFOST-art on spherically symmetric models of stellar photospheres as well as on a standard model of the solar atmosphe

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Zeng, Xiping. "Atmospheric Instability and Its Associated Oscillations in the Tropics." Atmosphere 14, no. 3 (2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030433.

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The interaction between tropical clouds and radiation is studied in the context of the weak temperature gradient approximation, using very low order systems (e.g., a two-column two-layer model) as a zeroth-order approximation. Its criteria for the instability are derived in the systems. Owing to the connection between the instability (unstable fixed point) and the oscillation (limit cycle) in physics (phase) space, the systems suggest that the instability of tropical clouds and radiation leads to the atmospheric oscillations with distinct timescales observed. That is, the instability of the bo

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Jeevanjee, Nadir, and Stephan Fueglistaler. "On the Cooling-to-Space Approximation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 2 (2020): 465–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0352.1.

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Abstract The cooling-to-space (CTS) approximation says that the radiative cooling of an atmospheric layer is dominated by that layer’s emission to space, while radiative exchange with layers above and below largely cancel. Though the CTS approximation has been demonstrated empirically and is thus fairly well accepted, a theoretical justification is lacking. Furthermore, the intuition behind the CTS approximation cannot be universally valid, as the CTS approximation fails in the case of pure radiative equilibrium. Motivated by this, we investigate the CTS approximation in detail. We frame the C

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Hertzberg, Martin. "Earth's Radiative Equilibrium in the Solar Irradiance." Energy & Environment 20, no. 1 (2009): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/095830509787689295.

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Held, Isaac M., and Ming Zhao. "Horizontally Homogeneous Rotating Radiative–Convective Equilibria at GCM Resolution." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 65, no. 6 (2008): 2003–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2604.1.

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Abstract Rotating radiative–convective equilibrium, using the column physics and resolution of GCMs, is proposed as a useful framework for studying the tropical storm–like vortices produced by global models. These equilibria are illustrated using the column physics and dynamics of a version of the GFDL Atmospheric Model 2 (AM2) at resolutions of 220, 110, and 55 km in a large 2 × 104 km square horizontally homogeneous domain with fixed sea surface temperature and uniform Coriolis parameter. The large domain allows a number of tropical storms to exist simultaneously. Once equilibrium is attaine

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Emanuel, Kerry. "Inferences from Simple Models of Slow, Convectively Coupled Processes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 76, no. 1 (2019): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-18-0090.1.

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Abstract A framework for conceptual understanding of slow, convectively coupled disturbances is developed and applied to several canonical tropical problems, including the water vapor content of an atmosphere in radiative–convective equilibrium, the relationship between convective precipitation and column water vapor, Walker-like circulations, self-aggregation of convection, and the Madden–Julian oscillation. The framework is a synthesis of previous work that developed four key approximations: boundary layer energy quasi equilibrium, conservation of free-tropospheric moist and dry static energ

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Amiri, Hossein, and Khosro Lari. "Comparison of global radiative models in two-dimensional enclosures at radiative equilibrium." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 104 (June 2016): 423–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2016.01.020.

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Zhang, Xi, Cheng Li, Huazhi Ge, and Tianhao Le. "The Inhomogeneity Effect. III. Weather Impacts on the Heat Flow of Hot Jupiters." Astrophysical Journal 957, no. 1 (2023): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acee7d.

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Abstract The interior flux of a giant planet impacts atmospheric motion, and the atmosphere dictates the interior’s cooling. Here we use a non-hydrostatic general circulation model (Simulating Non-hydrostatic Atmospheres on Planets) coupled with a multi-stream multi-scattering radiative module (High-performance Atmospheric Radiation Package) to simulate the weather impacts on the heat flow of hot Jupiters. We found that the vertical heat flux is primarily transported by convection in the lower atmosphere and regulated by dynamics and radiation in the overlying radiation-circulation zone. The t

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Rodríguez, R., R. Florido, J. M. Gil, J. G. Rubiano, P. Martel, and E. Mínguez. "RAPCAL code: A flexible package to compute radiative properties for optically thin and thick low and high-Z plasmas in a wide range of density and temperature." Laser and Particle Beams 26, no. 3 (2008): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026303460800044x.

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AbstractRadiative properties are fundamental for plasma diagnostics and hydro-simulations. For this reason, there is a high interest in their determination and they are a current topic of investigation both in astrophysics and inertial fusion confinement research. In this work a flexible computation package for calculating radiative properties for low and high Z optically thin and thick plasmas, both under local thermodynamic equilibrium and non-local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions, named RAPCAL is presented. This code has been developed with the aim of providing accurate radiative prope

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White, Oran R. "The Solar Spectral Irradiances from X-Ray to Radio Wavelengths." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 143 (1994): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100024520.

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Sources of new measurements of the solar EUV, UV, and visible spectrum are presented together with discussion of formation of the solar spectrum as a problem in stellar atmospheres. Agreement between the data and a modern synthetic spectrum shows that observed radiative variability is a minor perturbation on a photosphere in radiative equilibrium and LTE. Newly observed solar variability in 1992 defines a magnetic episode on the Sun closely associated with changes in both spectral irradiances and the total irradiance. This episode offers the opportunity to track the relationship between radiat

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HAJJ-BOUTROS, JOSEPH. "RADIATION EQUILIBRIUM IN GENERAL RELATIVITY: GENERAL SOLUTION." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 05 (1989): 427–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000514.

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Kolesnichenko, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "Jeans instability of an astrophysical self-gravitating medium in the presence of high radiation pressure and diffusion transfer of radiation." Keldysh Institute Preprints, no. 25 (2022): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/prepr-2022-25.

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Within the framework of the problem of modeling the evolution of a protostellar disk, the influence of radiation on the Jeans gravitational instability for a self-gravitating optically thick (for intrinsic infrared radiation) gas-dust medium is discussed, taking into account the influence of radiation pressure and diffusion transfer of radiation on the critical wavelength of the perturbing wave. Two approximations of radiative diffusion are considered: 1. the case of ideal radiative equilibrium, when the temperatures of matter and radiation are the same; 2. the case of the time dependence of t

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Kramm, Gerhard, and Ralph Dlugi. "On the Meaning of Feedback Parameter, Transient Climate Response, and the Greenhouse Effect: Basic Considerations and the Discussion of Uncertainties." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 4, no. 1 (2010): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301004010137.

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In this paper we discuss the meaning of feedback parameter, greenhouse effect and transient climate response usually related to the globally averaged energy balance model of Schneider and Mass. After scrutinizing this model and the corresponding planetary radiation balance we state that (a) this globally averaged energy balance model is flawed by unsuitable physical considerations, (b) the planetary radiation balance for the Earth in the absence of an atmosphere is fraught by the inappropriate assumption of a uniform surface temperature, the so-called radiative equilibrium temperature of about

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Nizamov, Bulat A. "Soft X-ray heating as a mechanism of optical continuum generation in solar-type star superflares." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 489, no. 3 (2019): 4338–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz2478.

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ABSTRACT Superflares on the solar-type stars observed by Kepler demonstrate the contrast in the optical continuum of the order 0.1–1 per cent. The mechanism of formation of this radiation is not firmly established. We consider a model where the stellar atmosphere is irradiated by the soft X-rays emitted from the flaring loop filled with the hot plasma. This radiation heats a large area beneath the loop. Subsequent cooling due to h− and hydrogen free–bound emission can contribute to the observed enhanced continuum. We solve the equations of radiative transfer, statistical equilibrium, ionizatio

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