Academic literature on the topic 'Radical and partial differences'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Chun, Brian, Haleh Ramian, Cameron Jones, et al. "Changes in Urologic Cancer Surgical Volume and Length of Stay During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Pennsylvania." JAMA Network Open 6, no. 4 (2023): e239848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.9848.
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ImportanceDisruptions in cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic led to widespread deferrals and cancellations, creating a surgical backlog that presents a challenge for health care institutions moving into the recovery phase of the pandemic.ObjectiveTo describe patterns in surgical volume and postoperative length of stay for major urologic cancer surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study identified 24 001 patients 18 years or older from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council database with kidney cancer, prostate cancer, or bladder cancer who received a radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, or radical cystectomy between the first quarter (Q1) of 2016 and Q2 of 2021. Postoperative length of stay and adjusted surgical volumes were compared before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was adjusted surgical volume for radical and partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, and radical cystectomy during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary outcome was postoperative length of stay.ResultsA total of 24 001 patients (mean [SD] age, 63.1 [9.4] years; 3522 women [15%], 19 845 White patients [83%], 17 896 living in urban areas [75%]) received major urologic cancer surgery between Q1 of 2016 and Q2 of 2021. Of these, 4896 radical nephrectomy, 3508 partial nephrectomy, 13 327 radical prostatectomy, and 2270 radical cystectomy surgical procedures were performed. There were no statistically significant differences in patient age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance status, urban or rural status, or Elixhauser Comorbidity Index scores between patients who received surgery before and patients who received surgery during the pandemic. For partial nephrectomy, a baseline of 168 surgeries per quarter decreased to 137 surgeries per quarter in Q2 and Q3 of 2020. For radical prostatectomy, a baseline of 644 surgeries per quarter decreased to 527 surgeries per quarter in Q2 and Q3 of 2020. However, the likelihood of receiving radical nephrectomy (odds ratio [OR], 1.00; 95% CI, 0.78-1.28), partial nephrectomy (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.77-1.27), radical prostatectomy (OR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.22-3.22), or radical cystectomy (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.31-1.53) was unchanged. Length of stay for partial nephrectomy decreased from baseline by a mean of 0.7 days (95% CI, −1.2 to −0.2 days) during the pandemic.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study suggests that partial nephrectomy and radical prostatectomy surgical volume decreased during the peak waves of COVID-19, as did postoperative length of stay for partial nephrectomy.
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Mensah, Elsie Ellimah, Luke Hounsome, Julia Verne, Roger Kockelbergh, and Erik Mayer. "Cardiovascular outcomes in kidney cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Urology 10, no. 1_suppl (2017): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2051415816685245.
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Introduction: In the surgical management of small renal tumours, current guidelines recommend that partial nephrectomy should be the preferred option wherever possible. This is based on evidence suggesting improved quality of life outcomes, morbidity and mortality and equivalent oncological outcomes when compared with radical nephrectomy. Chronic kidney disease is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and subsequent mortality. This study explored differences in cardiac-related events and co-morbidity, using linked registry data for patients undergoing radical or partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumours. Methods: Data from the National Cancer Registration Service was searched to identify T1 renal cancer diagnoses between 1999 and 2012. This data was matched against hospital episode statistics to identify those patients who had undergone radical or partial nephrectomy between 1999 and 2013 using OPCS codes. Data was collected on cardiac-related admissions and deaths in nephrectomy patients. Equivalent data was also collected for the general population to allow age-standardized comparison. Charlson score was used as a proxy for pre-operative co-morbidity. Results: Radical/partial nephrectomy patients had a greater risk of cardiac-related admissions compared with the general population (relative risk (RR) 3.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.24–3.40), but with no increase in cardiac-related deaths (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.70–1.01). There was no difference in the admission risk, or death, comparing radical or partial nephrectomy for T1 renal tumours (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.88–1.17) using ‘time to event’ analysis. There was no difference in the comorbidity index between radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy patients. Conclusion: The higher incidence of cardiac-related admissions seen for radical/partial nephrectomy patients may be explained by a higher proportion of patients with medical illnesses including cardiovascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes) undergoing renal imaging. The absence of a difference between the radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy groups supports the phenomenon of surgically-induced chronic kidney disease, which may not have the same morbidity implications as medically-induced chronic kidney disease.
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A.K.M, Shamsuddin, Mamunur Rahman, Jahangir Md Sarwar, Mohammad Mahabub Alam, Nasrin Sultana, and Atiar Rahman. "Treatment and Outcome of Choledochal Cyst, our Experience in Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute and Hospital, Mohakhali Dhaka, Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Pediatric Research 14, no. 4 (2024): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajpr/2024/v14i4336.
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Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the demographic information, clinical features, surgical methods, postoperative complications, and outcomes at 6 months for patients with choledochal cysts who were treated at the Sheikh Russel National Gastroliver Institute and Hospital. The goal was to assess the outcomes of radical cystectomy versus partial hepatectomy in the treatment of choledochal cysts. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 36 patients who had choledochal cysts and were treated with either a total cystectomy (n=30) or partial hepatectomy (n=6). Results: The groups that underwent radical cystectomy and partial hepatectomy had similar age ranges, sex distributions, and types of cysts. The majority of the cysts were type I (83.3% of the total cystectomy group) and type V (100% of the partial hepatectomy group). Other associations included: gallstones (26.7% vs. 83.3%) and Abnormal pancreatic biliary duct junction (APBDJ) (36.7% vs. 16.7%). An increased frequency of post-operative pain, jaundice, upper abdominal swelling, and fever was noted in the group that had a radical cystectomy. Minimal post-operative complications were seen in both groups. At 6 months, the rates of complications were similar, with hypertrophic scars being the most common (30.7% for radical cystectomy and 25% for partial hepatectomy). Conclusion: The groups that had radical cystectomy and partial hepatectomy were of similar demographics, cyst types, abnormalities, clinical traits, and complication rates post surgery and at 6 months. Both procedures are still good ways to treat choledochal cysts, and this small group doesn't clearly show which is better. To get a better idea of differences in long-term results, bigger studies are needed.
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Popov, Sergey V., Murad M. Mirzabekov, Ruslan G. Guseinov, Evgenii V. Pomeshkin, Boris A. Neymark, and Adylbek R. Urazmetov. "Comparative assessment of perioperative and functional results of organ saving surgery for localized renal cell carcinoma in patients of different age groups." Urology reports (St. - Petersburg) 13, no. 2 (2023): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/uroved492304.
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BACKGROUND: The number of older patients with kidney tumors is steadily increasing. Surgical methods are the main ones in the treatment of patients with localized forms of renal cell carcinoma, including the elderly.
 AIM: to conduct a comparative analysis of perioperative data and functional results of surgical interventions for renal cell carcinoma in patients of different age groups.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 256 patients with kidney tumors (mean age 65.2 8.6 years). 146 (57.0%) patients aged 56 to 64 years made up group I, and 110 (43.0%) patients aged 65 to 75 years group II. In 210 (82.0%) patients, the tumor diameter did not exceed 4 cm (T1a), in 46 (18.0%) patients it ranged from 4 to 6.2 cm (T1b). Radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy were performed respectively in 44 (30.1%) and 102 (69.9%) patients of group I and 58 (52.7%) and 52 (47.3%) patients of group II. All operations were performed laparoscopically.
 RESULTS: In patients of group I, the duration of radical nephrectomy was 115.0 18.0 min, and partial nephrectomy 135.5 25.0 min (p 0.0001), in patients of group II, 120.0 20.5 and 138.0 25.5 min (p 0.0001), respectively. Warm ischemia time during partial nephrectomy was 17.6 1.2 min in patients of group I and 18.2 1.5 min in patients of group II (p = 0.25). The volume of blood loss in patients of both groups I and II was significantly higher during partial nephrectomy. The average volume of blood loss in patients of group I was 130.0 20.0 ml when performing radical nephrectomy and 236.5 20.0 ml when performing partial nephrectomy (p 0.0001), and in group II 125.0 18.5 ml for radical nephrectomy and 246.0 22.0 ml for partial nephrectomy (p 0.0001). The frequency of significant complications did not differ in patients of groups I and II. Grade IIIa complications according to the ClavienDindo classification of surgical complications were observed in 5 (3.4%) patients of group I and 4 (3.9%) patients of group II (p 0.05), and grade IIIb in 3 (2.1%) and 2 (1.8%) patients (p 0.05). Intraoperative bleeding developed in 19 (7.4%) patients: in 13 (8.4%) of 154 patients with partial nephrectomy, and in 6 (5.9%) of 102 patients with radical nephrectomy. In the early postoperative period in patients of group I after radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy, normal glomerular filtration rates was observed in 34.0% and 54.0% of patients, respectively, and in group II in 31.0% and 52.0% of patients, respectively. Renal function significantly decreased in patients of both groups after radical nephrectomy compared with partial nephrectomy (p 0.05). The results of GFR 3 months after surgery improved in patients after partial nephrectomy, and did not change significantly in the radical nephrectomy group.
 CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study showed no differences in perioperative parameters (volume of intraoperative blood loss, warm ischemia time) during radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy in patients aged 5664 and 6575 years. The functional results of partial nephrectomy in patients of both groups were better compared to patients after radical nephrectomy. Thus, our data indicate the justification for performing organ-preserving operations, including in elderly patients.
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ANAST, JASON W., MARSHALL L. STOLLER, MAXWELL V. MENG, et al. "DIFFERENCES IN COMPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES FOR OBESE PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC RADICAL, PARTIAL OR SIMPLE NEPHRECTOMY." Journal of Urology 172, no. 6 Part 1 (2004): 2287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000143820.56649.a4.
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Mulyati, Erna. "MULTIGROUP ANALYSIS IN SUPPLY CHAIN PERFORMANCE." Jurnal Bisnis dan Manajemen 21, no. 2 (2020): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/jbm.v21i2.466.
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This study aims to examine differences in private and government third-party logistics companies in Indonesia in terms of improving supply chain performance. In this research, supply chain performance testing is influenced by collaboration, radical innovation, and incremental innovation. The sample used is the third-party logistics industry in West Java and DKI Jakarta, totaling 100, which is divided into private third-party logistic companies and government-owned third-party logistics companies. The results showed that there are differences in the effects of collaboration. There is supply chain performance where there are differences in the influence of collaboration and radical innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and government. There is no difference in the influence of collaboration and incremental innovation on supply chain performance between private companies and the government. The findings of this study indicate that radical and incremental innovation acts as a partial mediation on the effect of collaboration on supply chain performance in private and government companies.
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Syed, Jamil, Alejandro Abello, Juan Javier-Desloges, Michael Leapman, and Patrick Aloysius Kenney. "Urologic malignancies: A comparison of outcomes after index surgery between academic and community hospitals." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 7_suppl (2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.7_suppl.489.
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489 Background: To compare the rate of hospital based outcomes in patients with urologic malignancies who underwent surgery as part of treatment in academic and community hospitals. Methods: We reviewed the Vizient Clinical Database from September 2014 to December 2017. Vizient is a member-driven health services organization that includes ~99% of academic hospitals (AH) and more than 40 community hospitals (CH). This is a comparative database comprised of administrative billing. Data include patient demographics, readmission rates, costs, LOS, case mix index (CMI) and mortality. Patients aged ≥ 18 were included and ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify patients with urologic malignancies who underwent surgical treatment. Chi square and student t-tests were used to compare categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results: We identified a total of 37,628 cases. There were 33,290 (88%) procedures performed in AH and 4,330 (12%) in CH. These included radical prostatectomy (RP) 18,540, radical nephrectomy (rNx) 8,059, partial nephrectomy (pNx) (5,287), radical cystectomy (4,421), radical nephroureterectomy (rNu) (1,006), and partial cystectomy (321). There were no significant differences in 30-day readmission rates or mortality for any procedure between AH and CH. LOS was significantly lower (P<0.01) for radical cystectomy (8.83 vs 11.43 days) and RP (1.63 days vs 1.77 days) in AH, and lower in CH for rNx (4.93 vs 4.51, P: 0.03). AH had a significantly lower amount of partial cystectomies performed when compared to community centers (6.2% vs 16.2% P<0.001), and a similar number of partial nephrectomies performed (39.8% vs 38.0%, P=0.2). The mean direct cost for index admission was significantly higher in AH for rNx, pNx, rNu, and RP. Case complexity using the CMI was similar between CH and AH. Conclusions: The Vizient clinical database provides a novel resource for observational data at US hospitals. Despite academic and community hospitals having similar case complexity, direct costs were lower in community hospitals without an associated increase in readmission rates or deaths. The only clinically significant difference in length of stay was shorter stays for cystectomy in academic centers.
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Odisho, Anobel Y., John L. Gore, and Ruth Douglas Etzioni. "Beyond classical risk adjustment: Socioeconomic status and hospital performance in urologic oncology." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 6_suppl (2017): 526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.6_suppl.526.
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526 Background: Safety-net hospitals care for more patients of lower socioeconomic status (SES) than non-safety-net hospitals and may be disproportionately punished under readmission risk adjustment models that do not incorporate (SES). We developed a readmission risk adjustment framework incorporating SES to assess impact of SES on safety-net hospital rankings for patients undergoing major surgery for urologic malignancies. Methods: Quasi-experimental design using California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data from 2007-2011. Subjects included all patients undergoing radical cystectomy for bladder cancer (n = 3,771), partial nephrectomy (n = 5,556), and radical nephrectomy (n = 13,136) for kidney cancer. Unadjusted hospital rankings and predicted rankings under a base model, which simulated the Medicare Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program model, were compared with predicted rankings under models incorporating socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status was derived from a multifactorial neighborhood score at the ZIP code level calculated from US Census data. The main outcome measures were hospital rankings based on 30-day all-cause readmission rate and differences between model predicted rankings. Results: For all procedures, the addition of socioeconomic status, geographic, and hospital factors changed the overall hospital rankings significantly compared with the base model (p < 0.01), with the exception of socioeconomic status in radical cystectomy (p = 0.07) and socioeconomic status and rural factors in partial nephrectomy (p = 0.12). For radical nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy, the addition of socioeconomic status and hospital factors significantly improved the mean ranking of safety-net hospitals and improved the ratio of observed relative to expected rankings (p < 0.01). For radical cystectomy there was no significant change in rankings with the addition of socioeconomic status, rural status, or hospital factors. Conclusions: Adding socioeconomic status to existing Medicare readmission risk adjustment models leads to significant changes in hospital rankings, with a differential impact on safety-net hospitals.
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Cano Garcia, C., R. S. Flammia, M. Piccinelli, et al. "Differences in survival of clear cell metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients according to partial vs. radical nephrectomy." European Urology 83 (February 2023): S477—S478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0302-2838(23)00377-9.
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Chang, S. L., L. E. Cipriano, L. C. Harshman, and B. I. Chung. "The economic and clinical costs of chronic kidney disease following radical and partial nephrectomy in the management of small renal masses." Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no. 7_suppl (2011): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.29.7_suppl.353.
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353 Background: Postoperative chronic kidney disease (PCKD), defined as a glomerular filtration rate of < 60mL/min/1.73m2, is a recognized adverse outcome after extirpative therapy for small renal masses (SRM, ≤ 4cm). We quantified the long-term economic and clinical costs of PCKD following radical and partial nephrectomy for the management of SRM. Methods: Using a Markov model, we evaluated open and laparoscopic approaches for radical and partial nephrectomy in the treatment of SRMs. The base case was a 65-year old healthy individual with a unilateral SRM and normal renal function. We used a 3-month cycle length, lifetime horizon, societal perspective, and 3% discount rate. The costs, quality of life adjustments, and transition probabilities were estimated from the literature, Medicare, and expert opinion. Health outcomes were measured in quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) gained and costs in 2008 U.S. dollars. The model was tested with sensitivity analyses. Results: The average discounted lifetime outcomes are listed in the Table. There were minimal differences between the open and laparoscopic approaches. PCKD led to a substantial increase costs and decrease in health outcomes. The impact of PCKD was indirectly associated with age. Conclusions: Partial nephrectomy provides cost-savings and improved health outcomes compared to radical nephrectomy in the management of patients with SRMs. Both procedures incur significant economic and clinical costs due to the development of PCKD. A discussion about the potential for PCKD should be incorporated into the informed consent for surgical treatment of SRMs. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Lourenço, Pedro Miguel Cardoso. "Cold pragmatism, warm radicalism : ideological differences between radical left parties from Nordic and Southern European countries." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22877.
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Mestrado em Ciência Política<br>The 2008 economic crisis brought an increasing support for some Western
European radical left parties (RLPs) and renewed academic attention to this
party family. Still, there is a lack of empirical knowledge on the ideological
differences among RLPs – particularly across countries and regions. The
present work conducts for the first time a systematic and direct cross-regional
comparison of the ideological differences between RLPs from two different
European regions (Nordic and Southern European countries). Manifesto and
expert survey data are used for measuring and comparing party positions along
several ideological dimensions and to evaluate to what extent a region-based
ideological classification of RLPs finds empirical support. The results show that
while some important ideological differences are found between Nordic and
Southern European RLPs, these do not appear to be significant enough to
classify them into two distinct ideological subgroups. Moreover, the results also
suggest that, to compare the ideological differences between RLPs, we need
more precise empirical instruments adapted to the study of its most
characteristic ideological traits.<br>A crise económica de 2008 trouxe um crescente apoio a alguns partidos da
esquerda radical (PER) da Europa Ocidental e uma renovada atenção
académica a esta família partidária. Contudo, existe ainda uma falta de
conhecimento empírico sobre as diferenças ideológicas entre os PER –
particularmente entre países e regiões. O presente trabalho conduz pela
primeira vez uma comparação sistemática e direta das diferenças ideológicas
entre PER de duas diferentes regiões europeias (os países nórdicos e do Sul
da Europa). Dados de manifestos eleitorais e inquéritos a especialistas são
usados para medir e comparar as posições dos partidos em várias dimensões
ideológicas e avaliar até que ponto uma classificação ideológica regional de
PER encontra suporte empírico. Os resultados mostram que, embora sejam
encontradas algumas diferenças ideológicas importantes entre os PER
nórdicos e do Sul da Europa, estas não parecem ser suficientemente
significativas para os classificar em dois subgrupos ideológicos distintos. Além
disso, os resultados sugerem também que, para comparar as diferenças
ideológicas entre PER, são necessários instrumentos empíricos mais precisos
e adaptados ao estudo dos seus traços ideológicos mais característicos.
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Trojan, Alice von. "Finite difference methods for advection and diffusion." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv948.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-163). Concerns the development of high-order finite-difference methods on a uniform rectangular grid for advection and diffuse problems with smooth variable coefficients. This technique has been successfully applied to variable-coefficient advection and diffusion problems. Demonstrates that the new schemes may readily be incorporated into multi-dimensional problems by using locally one-dimensional techniques, or that they may be used in process splitting algorithms to solve complicatef time-dependent partial differential equations.
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Bartell, Patricia A. "The reinforcing functions of androgyny partial reinforcement." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/224.
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Perry, Seamus. "Radical differences : divisions in Coleridgean literary thinking; and, The construction of an English romanticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670268.
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Suchomel, Timothy J., Christopher B. Taber, Christopher J. Sole, and Michael H. Stone. "Force-Time Differences between Ballistic and Non-Ballistic Half-Squats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4662.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the force-time differences between concentric-only half-squats (COHS) performed with ballistic (BAL) or non-ballistic (NBAL) intent across a range of loads. Eighteen resistance-trained men performed either BAL or NBAL COHS at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) COHS. Relative peak force (PF) and relative impulse from 0–50 ms (Imp50), 0–90 ms (Imp90), 0–200 ms (Imp200), and 0–250 ms (Imp250) were compared using a series of 2 × 4 (intent × load) repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to provide measures of practical significance between the BAL and NBAL COHS and each load. BAL COHS produced statistically greater PF than NBAL COHS at 30% (d = 3.37), 50% (d = 2.88), 70% (d = 2.29), and 90% 1RM (d = 1.19) (all p < 0.001). Statistically significant main effect differences were found between load-averaged BAL and NBAL COHS for Imp90 (p = 0.006, d = 0.25), Imp200 (p = 0.001, d = 0.36), and Imp250 (p < 0.001, d = 0.41), but not for Imp50 (p = 0.018, d = 0.21). Considering the greater PF and impulse observed during the BAL condition, performing COHS with BAL intent may provide a favorable training stimulus compared to COHS performed with NBAL intent.
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DEFFOIN, Emilie. "Towards A Radical Feminist Change: The Empowerment Of Survivors From Prostitution, Transgression Of Normativities And The Abolition Of Power Differences." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110623.
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This master thesis is an attempt to illustrate the role of a feminist and abolitionist organization towards the enhancement of women’s social conditions and their representation in society. The study is based on my three months training at an Icelandic organization, Stígamót, which is an “Education and Counselling Centre for Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Violence”. My stay there included a series of interviews with social workers and survivors of prostitution and sexual trafficking. The centre has a multi-faceted approach, using feminist empowerment as a methodological process for the purpose of increasing the quality of life. Together with feminist theories on intersectionality and empowerment as methodological tools, I am researching the relations between survivors’ empowerment, their agency, with a radical political change, leading to gender-equal society.
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Svärd, Magnus. "Stable high-order finite difference methods for aerodynamics /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4621.
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Barreto, Patricia. "The interactional effects of incentive value and task difficulty| A partial explanation for gender differences in cardiovascular response to a performance challenge." Thesis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3591602.
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<p> Participants were presented an impossible or moderately difficult mental addition task; half of them were led to believe that they could win a traditionally masculine incentive by meeting a certain performance standard and half of them were led to believe that they could win a traditionally feminine incentive if they met the same performance standard. In the feminine incentive group, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) during the work period was stronger under difficult than impossible conditions among women, but low under both difficulty conditions among men. In the masculine incentive group, blood pressure measures (SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were higher in the moderately difficult condition than in the impossible condition, regardless of gender. Findings support a conceptual analysis based on motivation intensity theory which suggests that gender differences in cardiovascular response could be partially understood in terms of effort processes that occur where men and women place different value on available performance incentives. </p>
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Oladiran, Oladun Solomon, and Scott J. KIrkby. "Computational Studies of the Spin Trapping Behavior of Melatonin and its Derivatives." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/186.
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The presence of excess free radicals in the body can result in severe health consequences because of oxidative damage to cells. Spin traps may be used as a probe to examine radical reactions in cells, but there is a need for less toxic and more lipid soluble examples. Melatonin is one of the numerous antioxidants used to scavenge free radicals in the body and reportedly one of the most efficient radical scavengers known. It is relatively nontoxic and easily crosses the lipid bilayer in cell membranes. Melatonin is thought to undergo a multistep oxidation process and this work investigates the potential for it to be used as a spin trap. The presence of electron withdrawing or donating groups added to melatonin may stabilize an intermediate and allow it to function as a spin trap.
The essence of this study is to conduct a computational inquiry into the relative stability of melatonin, selected derivatives, and the partial oxidation products formed from the scavenging of hydroxyl radical. To determine this, geometries were optimized for each molecule at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) and HF/6-31G(d) levels of theory.
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Calhoun, Donna. "A Cartesian grid method for solving the streamfunction vorticity equations in irregular geometries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6753.
Full textBooks on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Strikwerda, John C. Finite difference schemes and partial differential equations. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole Advanced Books & Software, 1989.
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Grossman, Christian. Numerical treatment of partial differential equations. Springer Verlag, 2007.
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Chou, Yü-lin. Chou Yü-lin lun wen chi =: Selected papers of Zhou Yulin. Kʻo hsüeh chʻu pan she, 1992.
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Ganzha, V. G. Computer-aided analysis of difference schemes for partial differential equations. Wiley, 1996.
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Christian, Grossmann. Numerical treatment of partial differential equations. Springer, 2007.
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1943-, Mickens Ronald E., ed. Advances in the applications of nonstandard finite diffference schemes. World Scientific, 2005.
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Avakame, Edem Frank. Gender, family-class structure, and juvenile delinquency: A partial replication and extension of power-control theoy. Centre for Criminological Research, Population Research Laboratory, Department of Sociology, University of Alberta, 1993.
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1946-, Chen Zhongying, and Wu Wei 1929-, eds. Generalized difference methods for differential equations: Numerical analysis of finite volume methods. M. Dekker, 2000.
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Linge, Svein. Finite difference computing with PDEs: A modern software approach. Springer Open, 2017.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Römer, Friederike. "Differentiation of Welfare Rights for Migrants in Western Countries from 1970 to Present." In International Impacts on Social Policy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86645-7_39.
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AbstractUsing comparative data for nineteen OECD countries for the years 1980–2018, the chapter shows that the welfare rights of non-naturalised immigrants continue to be differentiated along residency status and benefit type. Permanent migrants enjoy more rights than temporary ones, and access to social assistance is more restricted than access to unemployment insurance. Furthermore, over the last fifty years, immigrant welfare rights have undergone both restrictions and expansions. Differences between countries can to some extent be attributed to welfare regime characteristics: countries that are more generous towards their citizens tend to grant more rights to immigrants. Within countries, restrictions often stem from the increasing influence of populist radical right parties, but in some instances, they were also part of larger-scale retrenchment reforms by other parties.
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Olver, Peter J. "Finite Differences." In Introduction to Partial Differential Equations. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02099-0_5.
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Lundy, Parker, James W. Moore, and Katie Bishop. "Radical Behaviorism." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24612-3_995.
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Lundy, Parker, James Moore, and Katie Bishop. "Radical Behaviorism." In Encyclopedia of Personality and Individual Differences. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28099-8_995-1.
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Sreedharan, Anjana, and Samir Kant Acharya. "Partial Gonadal Dysgenesis." In Children with Differences in Sex Development. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1639-5_24.
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Villers, Arnauld, and Jonathan Olivier. "Robot Assisted Partial Prostatectomy for Anterior Cancer." In Robot-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05855-4_47.
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Verleden, Frederik. "Splitting the Difference: The Radical Approach of the Belgian Parties." In Territorial Party Politics in Western Europe. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230582941_8.
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Golombos, David M., Padraic O’Malley, Gerald J. Wang, and Douglas S. Scherr. "Robot-Assisted Radical and Partial Cystectomy." In Atlas of Robotic Urologic Surgery. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45060-5_16.
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Aron, Monish, Andre Berger, and Inderbir S. Gill. "Robot-Assisted Radical and Partial Nephrectomy." In Atlas of Robotic Urologic Surgery. Humana Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-026-7_10.
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Tillmann, K., and U. Dümmer. "Radical Versus Partial Synovectomy: Pathophysiological Considerations." In Surgery and Arthroscopy of the Knee. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72782-5_139.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Sasic, Mladen, Howard G. Sedding, and Greg C. Stone. "Differences Between Partial Discharge Test Results on Non-GVPI and GVPI Stator Windings." In 2024 10th International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis (CMD). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.23919/cmd62064.2024.10766335.
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Watkins, M., and G. A. Vaughn. "Effects of H2S Partial Pressure on the Sulfide-Stress Cracking Resistance of Steel." In CORROSION 1985. NACE International, 1985. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1985-85220.
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Abstract Results of a research study evaluating the sulfide-stress-cracking (SSC) resistance of high-strength API tubulars at low partial pressures of hydrogen sulfide are reported. MR-01-75 guidelines appear to be too conservative for N-80 (Q&T), N-80 (N&T), and C-95 at low partial pressures of hydrogen sulfide. However, MR-01-75 guidelines restricting the use of P-110 tubulars in sour service are justified. Data indicated that P-110 tubulars are likely to fail at hydrogen sulfide partial pressures less than 0.05 psi. There are significant differences in the SSC resistance of drill-pipe grades; Grade E is very resistant to SSC, while Grade S-135 is most susceptible.
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Recker, Andrew. "Cross-Linking Performance to Mechanism." In SSPC 2012 Greencoat. SSPC, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5006/s2012-00043.
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Abstract Some of the toughest environments for protective coatings to withstand are seen in the power industry, particularly within the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) process. Temperatures within the different areas throughout the system may reach 350-450°F (177-232°C) and then be cooled to ambient temperatures upon shutdown of the unit. The cooling causes oxidized sulphur to condense with the moisture forming sulphuric acid. This heating and cooling puts tremendous stress on the lining as it shrinks and expands combined with post cure stresses. The lining also undergoes attack by sulphuric acid which can react with the lining, basically dissolving it from the substrate. In this environment, a lining’s cross-link density is critical to the survival in this harsh environment. Selecting the right lining chemistry can be difficult due to all the performance attributes that must be considered when approaching the aggressive environments of FGD applications. Vinyl esters generally appear to perform better than epoxies given similar cure conditions with regard to temperature and time. The following paper will provide insight into some of the fundamental differences between these lining chemistries and how they contribute to their performance in FGD applications. There are many differences between fillers, binders, promoters, and other modifiers, but the main focus of this paper is the mechanism of cure of the different polymer binders - chain growth versus step growth. The chain growth mechanism of the vinyl ester / peroxide responds differently to post cure stress than the step growth mechanism of the epoxy / amine system. Data discussed here shows the rate differences of post-cure of the peroxide radical / vinyl esters when compared to the epoxy systems. Also presented, are the differences in achievable molecular weight and control by different peroxide levels. The correlation of sulphuric acid immersion and dry heat exposure data to the cross-linking mechanism of the lining is discussed along with how it relates to internal and independent laboratory testing.
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Scenna, Richard, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Soot Formation Reaction Effect in Modeling Thermal Partial Oxidation of Jet-A." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32252.
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The results obtained from the modeling of thermal partial oxidation of kerosene based Jet-A fuel are presented using one dimensional chemical modeling. Two detailed kinetic models for alkenes chemistry ranging between C8 to C16 were evaluated and compared against experimental data of thermal partial oxidation of Jet-A fuel. The key difference between these two kinetic models was the inclusion of model for soot formation reactions. Chemical modeling was performed using dodecane to represent Jet-A fuel. The results showed that the model with soot reactions was significantly more accurate in predicting reformate products from Jet-A. In particular, the formation of carbon monoxide, methane and acetylene closely followed the experimental data with the model that included soot formation reactions. The results revealed that the soot formation reactions promoted the smaller hydrocarbons to decompose via the alternate kinetic pathways and from additional radical formation. The results also reveal that the inclusions of soot formation reactions are critical in the modeling of thermal partial oxidation of fuels for fuel reforming.
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Melling, Jonathan, and Nigel Johnston. "Comparison of Airborne Sound Quality Between Digital Displacement® & Traditional Axial Piston Pumps." In ASME/BATH 2023 Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fpmc2023-111507.
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Abstract Digital Displacement® Pump (DDP) is a variable displacement radial piston pump, driven by a central crankshaft, wherein each cylinder can be independently controlled. With each crank rotation a given cylinder may idle, operate a full pumping stroke or operate a partial stroke. Variable displacement is achieved by utilising one of, or a combination of, these control options. The fundamental design differences between DDP and traditional axial piston pump determine different mechanical and fluid forcing is generated, producing a distinctly different Noise, Vibration and Harshness (NVH) characteristic. DDP is the first major disruptor in the field of hydraulic pumps and as such the difference in human perception should be addressed and understood. This paper presents a comparison of the airborne noise radiated from DDP096 and two axial piston pumps, in a semi-anechoic chamber and on two identical 20-tonne excavators. The test chamber data shows that across a wide range of speeds and pressures, DDP is on average 3.5 dB quieter than a comparable axial piston pump. Coupled with a significant reduction in Prominence Ratio, DDP has on average a 12% better Articulation Index, whilst the transient nature of a radial piston pump shows detriment in other psychoacoustic metrics. The observed trends are also apparent when pumps are compared on working excavators.
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Shahhosseini, M. R., A. Hajilouy-Benisi, and M. Rajabian. "A Numerical and Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Flow Ratio on the Flow and Performance Characteristics of a Twin Entry Radial Turbine." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46308.
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In this paper, a numerical and experimental investigation of the performance and internal flow field characteristics of the twin-entry radial inflow turbine under full and partial admission conditions are presented. The turbine is tested on a turbocharger test facility which was developed for small and medium size turbochargers. The flow pattern in the volute and impeller of a twin-entry turbine is analyzed using a fully three-dimensional viscous program. The computational performance results are compared with the experimental results, and good agreement is found. The flow field at the outlet of the turbine is investigated using a five-hole pressure probe. Numerical and experimental results are obtained for both full and partial admission conditions. In the volute, results show that the highest entropy gain factor belongs to the tongue. In the inlet of the rotor, a large variation in the incidence angle is displayed at the extreme conditions, leading to large incidence losses. Entropy distribution contours at the rotor exit plane are evaluated. For full admission, the location of low entropy gain at this plane occupies a region near the shroud and near the hub pressure surface corner which corresponded to a region of high absolute flow angle. Results show that the entropy gain factor patterns do not have appreciable differences at full and partial admission conditions when more flow is located at the volute shroud side. However, in the extreme cases low entropy gain at the shroud side occupies a relatively large region, and this region is increased when shroud side volute is fully closed.
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Eckhoff, W. C., L. Yuan, C. Billera, R. F. Curl, and C. E. Miller. "Infrared Spectroscopy using Difference Frequency Generation in AgGaS2: Propargyl Radical." In Modern Spectroscopy of Solids, Liquids, and Gases. Optica Publishing Group, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/msslg.1995.ssaa2.
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The propargyl radical (HCCCH2) is of interest as a possible precursor in benzene and soot formation in flames and as one of the simplest conjugated organic free radicals. Because of its importance, several spectroscopic investigations of this species have recently been carried out.1-4 In order to learn more about its structure and potential surface, we have begun an investigation of the high resolution infrared spectra of the partially deuterated form, DCCCH2 in the region of the CD stretching fundamental. In this work an infrared kinetic spectroscopy apparatus5 based on difference frequency generation in the nonlinear material AgGaS2 was employed.
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Trabelsi, Hamed, Nicolas Galanis, and Jamel Orfi. "Simulation of Forced Convection Ice Slurry Flow in a Heated Tube." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22633.
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This paper compares the numerically predicted steady state, laminar hydrodynamic and thermal fields of an ice slurry (water with 15% ethanol and 12.26% ice particles) and a homogeneous binary, single phase mixture (water with 17.1% ethanol) entering identical constant temperature tubes (Tw = 274.16 K) with the same temperature (T0 = 264.16 K) and Reynolds numbers (Re = 500). The isothermal length of the tube is preceded and followed by adiabatic zones. The fluids are considered to be Newtonian and the governing partial differential equations are coupled since their properties depend on the temperature and, in the case of the ice slurry, on the ice concentration which is not uniform due to heat transfer. The results show significant differences between local values of the wall shear stress, the friction factor, the bulk temperature and the Nusselt number of these two flows. Specifically, the local Nusselt number for the ice slurry is higher throughout the developing region and its bulk temperature decreases in the downstream adiabatic zone due to radial conduction and an axial increase of the bulk ice concentration.
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Ramachandran, Gopakumar, Ankit Kumar Dutta, Harish Durairaj, and Swetaprovo Chaudhuri. "On the Interaction of Swirling Flames in a Lean Premixed Combustor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90679.
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Abstract Premixed or partially premixed swirling flames are widely used in gas turbine applications because of their compactness, high ignition efficiency, low NOx emissions and flame stability. A typical annular combustor consists of about eighteen to twenty-two swirling flames which interact (directly or indirectly) with their immediate neighbors even during stable operation. These interactions significantly alter the flow and flame topologies thereby bringing in some discrepancies between the single nozzle (SN) and multi nozzle (MN), ignition, emission, pattern factor and Flame Transfer Functions (FTF) characteristics. For example, in MN configurations, application of a model based on SN FTF data could lead to erroneous conclusions. Due to the complexities involved in this problem in terms of size, thermal power, cost, optical accessibility etc., a limited amount of experimental studies has been reported, that too on scaled down models with reduced number of nozzles. Here, we present a detailed experimental study on the behavior of three interacting swirl premixed flames, arranged in-line in an optically accessible hollow cuboid test section, which closely resembles a three-cup sector of an annular gas turbine combustor with very large radius. Multiple configurations with various combinations of swirl levels between the adjacent nozzles and the associated flame and flow topologies have been studied. Spatio-temporal information of the heat release rate obtained from OH* chemiluminescence imaging was used along with the acoustic pressure signatures to compute the Rayleigh index so as to identify the regions within the flame that pumps energy into the self-excited thermoacoustic instability modes. It was found that the structure of the flame-flame interaction regions plays a dominant role in the resulting thermoacoustic instability. To resolve the flow and reactive species field distributions in the interacting flames, two-dimensional, three component Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) of hydroxyl radical was applied to all the test conditions. Significant differences in the flow structures among the different configurations were observed. Simultaneous OH-PLIF and SPIV techniques were also utilized to track the flame front, from which the curvature and stretch rates were computed. Flame surface density which is defined as the mean surface area of the reaction zone per unit volume is also computed for all the test cases. These measurements and analyses elucidate the structure of the interaction regions, their unique characteristics and possible role in thermoacoustic instability.
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Di Domenico, Massimiliano, Peter Kutne, Clemens Naumann, et al. "Numerical and Experimental Investigation of a Semi-Technical Scale Burner Employing Model Synthetic Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59308.
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In this paper the development and the application of a numerical code suited for the simulation of gas-turbine combustion chambers is presented. In order to obtain an accurate and flexible framework, a finite-rate chemistry model is implemented, and transport equations for all species and enthalpy are solved. An assumed PDF approach takes effects of temperature and species turbulent fluctuations on the chemistry source term into account. In order to increase code stability and to overcome numerical stiffness due to the large-varying chemical kinetics timescales, an implicit and fully-coupled treatment of the species transport equations is chosen. Low-Mach number flow equations and k-ε turbulence model complete the framework, and make the code able to describe the most important physical phenomena which take place in gas-turbine combustion chambers. In order to validate the numerical simulations, experimental measurements are carried out on a generic non-premixed swirl-flame combustor, fuelled with syngas-air mixtures and studied using optical diagnostic techniques. The combustor is operated at atmospheric and high-pressure conditions with simulated syngas mixtures consisting of H2, N2, CH4, CO. The combustor is housed in an optically-accessible combustion chamber to facilitate the application of chemiluminescence imaging of OH* and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) of the OH-radical. To investigate the velocity field, particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used. The OH* chemiluminescence imaging is used to visualise the shape of the flame zone and the region of heat release. The OH-PLIF is used to identify reaction zones and regions of burnt gas. The fuel composition is modelled after a hydrogen-rich synthesis gas, which can result after gasification of lignite followed by a CO shift reaction and a sequestration of CO2. Actual gas compositions and boundary conditions are chosen so that it is possible to outline differences and similarities among fuels, and at the same time conclusions about flame stability and combustion efficiency can be drawn. A comparison between experimental and numerical data is presented, and main strengths and deficiencies of the numerical modelling are discussed.
Reports on the topic "Radical and partial differences"
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Blazakis, Jason, and Colin Clarke. From Paramilitaries to Parliamentarians: Disaggregating Radical Right Wing Extremist Movements. RESOLVE Network, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37805/remve2021.2.
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The global far right is extremely broad in nature and far from monolithic. While the “far right” is often used as an umbrella term, using the term runs the risk of over-simplifying the differences and linkages between white supremacist, anti-immigration, nativist, and other motivating ideologies. These beliefs and political platforms fall within the far-right rubric, and too often the phrase presents a more unified image of the phenomena than is really the case. In truth, the “far right” and the individual movements that comprise it are fragmented, consisting of a number of groups that lack established leadership and cohesion. Indeed, these movements include chauvinist religious organizations, neo-fascist street gangs, and paramilitary organs of established political parties. Although such movements largely lack the mass appeal of the interwar European radical right-wing extreme, they nevertheless can inspire both premeditated and spontaneous acts of violence against perceived enemies. This report is intended to provide policymakers, practitioners, and the academic community with a roadmap of ongoing shifts in the organizational structures and ideological currents of radical right-wing extremist movements, detailing the difference between distinct, yet often connected and interlaced echelons of the far right. In particular, the report identifies and analyzes various aspects of the broader far right and the assorted grievances it leverages to recruit, which is critical to gaining a more nuanced understanding of the potential future trajectory of these movements.
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Rochester, Mark. Partial versus radical nephrectomy. BJUI Knowledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18591/bjuik.0102.v2.
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Arzheimer, Kai. Germany’s 2024 EP Elections: The Populist Challenge to the Progressive Coalition. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0071.
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The 2024 European parliamentary election in Germany marked a significant shift in the political landscape, with devastating results for the governing coalition of the Social Democrats (SPD), the Greens, and the Liberal Democrats (FDP). Chancellor Scholz’s SPD and the Greens experienced substantial losses, while the opposition Christian Democrats (CDU/CSU) saw a modest increase in their vote share. The most notable gains were made by the populist radical-right Alternative for Germany (AfD) and the newly formed left-wing populist Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW), a breakaway from the Left (Die Linke), highlighting a growing demand for populist politics in Germany. The Left itself suffered heavy losses. Despite internal scandals and controversies that contributed to a considerable drop in support in pre-election polls, the AfD leveraged anti-immigration sentiments and economic concerns to gain substantial support. The BSW capitalized on left–authoritarian positions, emphasizing welfare and anti-immigration policies. Both parties also criticized Germany’s support for Ukraine and styled themselves as agents of ‘peace.’ The election results underscored the unpopularity of the ‘progressive coalition’ in Germany and reflected the impact of high inflation, energy security concerns and contentious climate policies on voter behaviour. Voter turnout was the highest since 1979, indicating heightened political engagement. Like in previous elections, populist parties were much more successful in the post-communist eastern states. While its impact on the European level is limited, the election sent shock waves through Germany, suggesting a shift in future policy directions, particularly concerning the green transformation and relations with Russia. Keywords: Alternative for Germany (AfD); Sahra Wagenknecht Alliance (BSW); Germany; Russia; Ukraine; east–west differences
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Varriale, Amedeo. Populism and the Extreme Right in Comparative Perspective: The French Rassemblement National and the Italian Forza Nuova. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0036.
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Populism, especially "radical right-wing populism," and the Extreme Right are often explicitly or implicitly conflated or at least observed together (see Ignazi, 2000; Mudde, 2000; Rydgren, 2005; Carter, 2005; Griffin, 2018; Stavrakakis et al., 2019). While this contribution acknowledges that these two sets of ideas may occasionally overlap, they should still be understood as distinct concepts. Therefore, any deliberate and forceful conflation of their academic definitions, political histories, or traditions is usually misleading and inappropriate. Although many political scientists have recently attempted to clearly distinguish between the two phenomena by proposing separate definitions, some still suggest that populism and the extreme right are essentially two sides of the same coin (see Passarelli and Tuorto, 2018). To shed more light on this issue (or "war of words," as Cas Mudde once called it) and to provide a better understanding of these two important ideologies—one that has greatly impacted the last century and another that will likely continue to influence the current one—this article will compare and contrast right-wing populism and the extreme right from an entirely ideational perspective. This will be done by borrowing from a theoretical framework originally adopted by senior scholar Marco Tarchi (2015) and taking his approach one step further by empirically testing his theories through discourse and manifesto analysis of two contemporary European parties—one supposedly belonging to the populist (or "neopopulist") party family and the other to the extreme right (or "neofascist") family. Specifically, the positions of the French Rassemblement National ("National Rally" – RN) and the Italian Forza Nuova ("New Force" – FN) will be examined to determine whether there are more similarities or differences between the two ideologies. The analysis will focus on the RN’s and FN’s discourse and policies related to the role of the people, the nation, the state, society, the individual, the leader, the elite, democracy, and the market.
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Shumway, Dean A., Kimberly S. Corbin, Magdoleen H. Farah, et al. Partial Breast Irradiation for Breast Cancer. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer259.
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Objectives. To evaluate the comparative effectiveness and harms of partial breast irradiation (PBI) compared with whole breast irradiation (WBI) for early-stage breast cancer, and how differences in effectiveness and harms may be influenced by patient, tumor, and treatment factors, including treatment modality, target volume, dose, and fractionation. We also evaluated the relative financial toxicity of PBI versus WBI. Data sources. MEDLINE®, Embase®, Cochrane Central Registrar of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and various grey literature sources from database inception to June 30, 2022. Review methods. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and observational studies that enrolled adult women with early-stage breast cancer who received one of six PBI modalities: multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy, single-entry catheter brachytherapy (also known as intracavitary brachytherapy), 3-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), proton radiation therapy, intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT). Pairs of independent reviewers screened and appraised studies. Results. Twenty-three original studies with 17,510 patients evaluated the comparative effectiveness of PBI, including 14 RCTs, 6 comparative observational studies, and 3 single-arm observational studies. PBI was not significantly different from WBI in terms of ipsilateral breast recurrence (IBR), overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (high strength of evidence [SOE]). Evidence for cosmetic outcomes was insufficient. Results were generally consistent when PBI modalities were compared with WBI, whether compared individually or combined. These PBI approaches included 3DCRT, IMRT, and multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy. Compared with WBI, 3DCRT showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 and 10 years (moderate to high SOE); IMRT showed no difference in IBR or overall survival at 5 and 10 years (low SOE); multi-catheter interstitial brachytherapy showed no difference in IBR, overall survival, or cancer-free survival at 5 years (low SOE). Compared with WBI, IORT was associated with a higher IBR rate at 5, 10, and over 10 years (high SOE), with no difference in overall survival, cancer-free survival, or mastectomy-free survival (low to high SOE). There were significantly fewer acute adverse events (AEs) with PBI compared with WBI, with no apparent difference in late AEs (moderate SOE). Data about quality of life were limited. Head-to-head comparisons between the different PBI modalities showed insufficient evidence to estimate an effect on main outcomes. There were no significant differences in IBR or other outcomes according to patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics; however, data for subgroups were insufficient to draw conclusions. Eight studies addressed concepts closely related to financial toxicity. Compared with conventionally fractionated WBI, accelerated PBI was associated with lower transportation costs and days away from work. PBI was also associated with less subjective financial difficulty at various time points after radiotherapy. Conclusions. Clinical trials that compared PBI with WBI demonstrate no significant difference in the risk of IBR. PBI is associated with fewer acute AEs and may be associated with less financial toxicity. The current evidence supports the use of PBI in appropriately selected patients with early-stage breast cancer. Further investigation is needed to evaluate the outcomes of PBI in patients with various clinical and tumor characteristics, and to define optimal radiation treatment dose and technique for PBI.
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Arráiz, Irani, Marcela Meléndez Arjona, and Rodolfo Stucchi. Partial Credit Guarantees and Firm Performance: Evidence from the Colombian National Guarantee Fund. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011418.
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This paper studies the effect of government-backed partial credit guarantees on firms' performance. These guarantees are automatically granted to firms without enough collateral in order to lift their credit constraints. We put together a panel, covering the period 1997-2007, that combines data from DANE's Annual Manufacturing Survey; DIAN's export and import information; and firm-level records from the National Guarantee Fund (NGF), the government agency in charge of implementing this policy. Using propensity score matching and difference-in-differences, we found that firms that gain access to credit backed by the NGF are able to grow in terms of both output and employment. However, we did not find any effect on productivity, wages, or investment. These results suggest that firms use the new funds as working capital to grow their businesses rather than for investment in new durable goods that increase their capital stock.
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Ronconi, Lucas, and Jorge Colina. Simplification of Labor Registration in Argentina: Achievements and Pending Issues. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011358.
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This paper describes the reforms aimed at simplifying the administrative procedures for labor registration and the payment of social security contributions that were carried out in Argentina in 2005 and 2007. Analysis of the legislation, as well as a survey conducted among accountants, reveals that although the reforms did reduce the administrative burden, the effect was only partial. By using microdata gathered from household surveys conducted quarterly between 2003 and 2009, and the discontinuities according to company size that the legislation engenders, differences-in-differences coefficients have been estimated regarding the impact of the simplification reforms on the labor market. The results indicate that the simplification reforms had a positive, although limited, effect on the labor registration rate (of approximately two percentage points for all workers and nine percentage points for newly-hired workers), but that there was no effect on employment levels. Finally, policy recommendations are put forward aimed at deepening the administrative simplification process and thereby improving its effectiveness as a labor registration promotion mechanism.
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van Oosten, Sanne. The Importance of In-group Favoritism in Explaining Voting for PRRPs: A Study of Minority and Majority Groups in France, Germany and the Netherlands. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2025. https://doi.org/10.55271/pp0046.
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The voting behavior of racial and ethnic minorities is a topic that attracts much speculation, with some claiming that racial and ethnic minorities do vote for Populist Radical Right Parties (PRRPs) and some claiming they do not. In the European Union, where saving data on individual’s race and ethnicity is prohibited, it is very difficult to contribute to these conversations with real facts. Do ethnic minorities and majorities tend to vote for PRRP and what explains their (lack of) support? Thanks to a novel yet costly sampling method, I surveyed racial/ethnic minority and majority voters in France, Germany and the Netherlands and asked them about their propensity to vote for Rassemblement National (RN) in France, Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) in Germany, and Partij voor de Vrijheid (PVV) in the Netherlands. I compare racial/ethnic minority groups, including Muslims, with majority groups and test the mechanisms that might predict their support for PRRPs. My findings indicate Muslims are among the least likely to vote for PRRPs, though the difference with voters without a migration background is only significant in the Netherlands. When testing what explains the propensity to vote for PRRPs, I find that indicators of in-group favoritism usually explain support to larger extent than out-group hate. Though anti-immigration attitudes predict PRRP voting in all three countries, in-group favoritism explanations explain PRRP voting to a slightly stronger extent. In France and Germany, the ethnocentrism scale predicts voting for RN/AfD more than immigration attitudes do. In the Netherlands, feeling accepted as belonging in the Netherlands explains voting for the PVV the most. Amongst Muslim French, German and Dutch voters, in-group favoritism, or the lack thereof, explains voting for PRRPs as well. French Muslims who feel more attached to France are more likely to vote for RN. German Muslims who do not believe in religious freedom for Muslims are more likely to vote for AfD. This also applies to Dutch Muslims, though immigration attitudes also predict voting for the PVV: the more a Dutch Muslim is against immigration, the more likely they are to vote PVV. Generally, this study makes a case for expanding the standard predictors of PRRP voting towards more indicators of in-group favoritism for the majority in-group, while for Muslims PRRP voting is more driven by policy attitudes. Feeling close or distant towards ethnic in- or out-groups does not predict PRRP voting in any of the cases. These findings contribute to our understanding of PRRP voting in Europe. Keywords: Populism, Muslims, race, ethnicity, voting behavior, France, Germany, Netherlands, RN, AfD, PVV.
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Soare, Sorina. Romanian populism and transnational political mobilization. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0027.
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Once considered a partial exception to the recent diffusion of populism worldwide, Romania saw Radical Right populism return to Parliament in 2020. The Alliance for the Union of Romanians (AUR) successfully campaigned on a platform of defending the Christian faith, freedom, the traditional family, and the nation. Although the party was initially considered the result of individual entrepreneurship linked to its founding leaders, it has successfully built on diffused networks of societal activism whose origins could be traced back to the early 2000s. However, the AUR’s track record of discourse aligned with Kremlin rhetoric calling for Western economic, political and cultural hegemony to be resisted and rolled back saw a temporary decline in voters’ support for the party. However, the party managed to rebuild consensus strategically by drawing on voters’ increased anxiety regarding the economic effects of the war. This report offers a cogent analysis of the political performance of the AUR, examining the party’s formative phase as well as its evolution since 2020, alongside a discussion of the impact of the war in Ukraine on Romanian party politics.
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Hertrich, André. The Atomic Bomb Victims in Nagasaki and Hiroshima on Display: Differing Exhibition Strategies and International Trends in Musealization. Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/0x003f56e7.
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The Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki represent the horrors of war as places of the hundred-thousandfold killing of humans with scientific and industrial means. And as such Hiroshima and Nagasaki (to a lesser degree) became dominant symbols within global memory culture. In my paper I will juxtapose this form of commemoration with what Jeffrey Alexander claimed was an ongoing universalization of the Holocaust as a symbol of radical evil. This universalization also supposedly led to the globalization of aesthetic standards in museum designs of memorial museums worldwide, deriving from Holocaust memorials such as Yad Vashem or the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum as role models. After taking a closer look at the focal points of the atomic bomb memorialization: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Museum, respectively, I will cite international trends of an increasing focus on the fate of individuals since the 2000s, and analyze the representation of victims of the atomic bombings. As there are significant differences in terms of individualization and emotionalization between both exhibitions, I will place a specific focus on pointing out the differences between the two museums, such as the finding that photos of individual victims play a far greater role in Hiroshima. Outlining the in-situ memoryscapes of the atomic bomb destruction, my eventual goal is to discern various influences on the exhibition and to ask whether elements of Holocaust musealization served as role model in aesthetics and design and how genuine "atomic" tropes and modes of display look like.