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Lourenço, Pedro Miguel Cardoso. "Cold pragmatism, warm radicalism : ideological differences between radical left parties from Nordic and Southern European countries." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22877.
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Mestrado em Ciência Política<br>The 2008 economic crisis brought an increasing support for some Western
European radical left parties (RLPs) and renewed academic attention to this
party family. Still, there is a lack of empirical knowledge on the ideological
differences among RLPs – particularly across countries and regions. The
present work conducts for the first time a systematic and direct cross-regional
comparison of the ideological differences between RLPs from two different
European regions (Nordic and Southern European countries). Manifesto and
expert survey data are used for measuring and comparing party positions along
several ideological dimensions and to evaluate to what extent a region-based
ideological classification of RLPs finds empirical support. The results show that
while some important ideological differences are found between Nordic and
Southern European RLPs, these do not appear to be significant enough to
classify them into two distinct ideological subgroups. Moreover, the results also
suggest that, to compare the ideological differences between RLPs, we need
more precise empirical instruments adapted to the study of its most
characteristic ideological traits.<br>A crise económica de 2008 trouxe um crescente apoio a alguns partidos da
esquerda radical (PER) da Europa Ocidental e uma renovada atenção
académica a esta família partidária. Contudo, existe ainda uma falta de
conhecimento empírico sobre as diferenças ideológicas entre os PER –
particularmente entre países e regiões. O presente trabalho conduz pela
primeira vez uma comparação sistemática e direta das diferenças ideológicas
entre PER de duas diferentes regiões europeias (os países nórdicos e do Sul
da Europa). Dados de manifestos eleitorais e inquéritos a especialistas são
usados para medir e comparar as posições dos partidos em várias dimensões
ideológicas e avaliar até que ponto uma classificação ideológica regional de
PER encontra suporte empírico. Os resultados mostram que, embora sejam
encontradas algumas diferenças ideológicas importantes entre os PER
nórdicos e do Sul da Europa, estas não parecem ser suficientemente
significativas para os classificar em dois subgrupos ideológicos distintos. Além
disso, os resultados sugerem também que, para comparar as diferenças
ideológicas entre PER, são necessários instrumentos empíricos mais precisos
e adaptados ao estudo dos seus traços ideológicos mais característicos.
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Trojan, Alice von. "Finite difference methods for advection and diffusion." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phv948.pdf.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-163). Concerns the development of high-order finite-difference methods on a uniform rectangular grid for advection and diffuse problems with smooth variable coefficients. This technique has been successfully applied to variable-coefficient advection and diffusion problems. Demonstrates that the new schemes may readily be incorporated into multi-dimensional problems by using locally one-dimensional techniques, or that they may be used in process splitting algorithms to solve complicatef time-dependent partial differential equations.
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Bartell, Patricia A. "The reinforcing functions of androgyny partial reinforcement." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1986. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/224.
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Perry, Seamus. "Radical differences : divisions in Coleridgean literary thinking; and, The construction of an English romanticism." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670268.
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Suchomel, Timothy J., Christopher B. Taber, Christopher J. Sole, and Michael H. Stone. "Force-Time Differences between Ballistic and Non-Ballistic Half-Squats." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4662.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the force-time differences between concentric-only half-squats (COHS) performed with ballistic (BAL) or non-ballistic (NBAL) intent across a range of loads. Eighteen resistance-trained men performed either BAL or NBAL COHS at 30%, 50%, 70%, and 90% of their one repetition maximum (1RM) COHS. Relative peak force (PF) and relative impulse from 0–50 ms (Imp50), 0–90 ms (Imp90), 0–200 ms (Imp200), and 0–250 ms (Imp250) were compared using a series of 2 × 4 (intent × load) repeated measures ANOVAs with Bonferroni post hoc tests. Cohen’s d effect sizes were calculated to provide measures of practical significance between the BAL and NBAL COHS and each load. BAL COHS produced statistically greater PF than NBAL COHS at 30% (d = 3.37), 50% (d = 2.88), 70% (d = 2.29), and 90% 1RM (d = 1.19) (all p < 0.001). Statistically significant main effect differences were found between load-averaged BAL and NBAL COHS for Imp90 (p = 0.006, d = 0.25), Imp200 (p = 0.001, d = 0.36), and Imp250 (p < 0.001, d = 0.41), but not for Imp50 (p = 0.018, d = 0.21). Considering the greater PF and impulse observed during the BAL condition, performing COHS with BAL intent may provide a favorable training stimulus compared to COHS performed with NBAL intent.
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DEFFOIN, Emilie. "Towards A Radical Feminist Change: The Empowerment Of Survivors From Prostitution, Transgression Of Normativities And The Abolition Of Power Differences." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110623.
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This master thesis is an attempt to illustrate the role of a feminist and abolitionist organization towards the enhancement of women’s social conditions and their representation in society. The study is based on my three months training at an Icelandic organization, Stígamót, which is an “Education and Counselling Centre for Survivors of Sexual Abuse and Violence”. My stay there included a series of interviews with social workers and survivors of prostitution and sexual trafficking. The centre has a multi-faceted approach, using feminist empowerment as a methodological process for the purpose of increasing the quality of life. Together with feminist theories on intersectionality and empowerment as methodological tools, I am researching the relations between survivors’ empowerment, their agency, with a radical political change, leading to gender-equal society.
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Svärd, Magnus. "Stable high-order finite difference methods for aerodynamics /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4621.
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Barreto, Patricia. "The interactional effects of incentive value and task difficulty| A partial explanation for gender differences in cardiovascular response to a performance challenge." Thesis, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3591602.
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<p> Participants were presented an impossible or moderately difficult mental addition task; half of them were led to believe that they could win a traditionally masculine incentive by meeting a certain performance standard and half of them were led to believe that they could win a traditionally feminine incentive if they met the same performance standard. In the feminine incentive group, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) during the work period was stronger under difficult than impossible conditions among women, but low under both difficulty conditions among men. In the masculine incentive group, blood pressure measures (SBP, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure) were higher in the moderately difficult condition than in the impossible condition, regardless of gender. Findings support a conceptual analysis based on motivation intensity theory which suggests that gender differences in cardiovascular response could be partially understood in terms of effort processes that occur where men and women place different value on available performance incentives. </p>
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Oladiran, Oladun Solomon, and Scott J. KIrkby. "Computational Studies of the Spin Trapping Behavior of Melatonin and its Derivatives." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/186.
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The presence of excess free radicals in the body can result in severe health consequences because of oxidative damage to cells. Spin traps may be used as a probe to examine radical reactions in cells, but there is a need for less toxic and more lipid soluble examples. Melatonin is one of the numerous antioxidants used to scavenge free radicals in the body and reportedly one of the most efficient radical scavengers known. It is relatively nontoxic and easily crosses the lipid bilayer in cell membranes. Melatonin is thought to undergo a multistep oxidation process and this work investigates the potential for it to be used as a spin trap. The presence of electron withdrawing or donating groups added to melatonin may stabilize an intermediate and allow it to function as a spin trap.
The essence of this study is to conduct a computational inquiry into the relative stability of melatonin, selected derivatives, and the partial oxidation products formed from the scavenging of hydroxyl radical. To determine this, geometries were optimized for each molecule at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(d) and HF/6-31G(d) levels of theory.
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Calhoun, Donna. "A Cartesian grid method for solving the streamfunction vorticity equations in irregular geometries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6753.
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Fulton, Caroline Jane. "Regulation within an intimate relationship context : initiation and response strategies utilised in self, partner and relationship regulation : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for a Master of Arts in Psychology at the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2271.
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The Ideal Standards Model (Simpson, Fletcher and Campbell, 2001) suggests that individuals regulate themselves and their partners based on how closely their perceptions match their ideal standards. Overall, Fletcher and Simpson (2006) provided empirical support for the regulatory function of the Ideal Standards Model and concluded that standards which may initiate regulation reflect three pivotal domains; warmth/trustworthiness, attractiveness/vitality and status/resources. In Study 1, 150 individuals (in heterosexual relationships or had been in the previous six months) spontaneously reported prior regulatory attempts that had focused on changing themselves, their partner or their relationship. Participants then described their most salient regulatory attempt in detail and rated the success of this attempt. In Study 2, 96 individuals (in heterosexual relationships) self-rated various personality and relationship characteristics. Participants also indicated how they would likely respond (using a set of likert scales) to partner initiated regulation attempts which were provided via vignette descriptions. As predicted, results indicated (a) that regulatory attempts reflect the pivotal domains of the Ideal Standards Model, (b) predicted gender differences in the use of regulation, (c) increased regulatory success with the use of interpersonal strategies and (d) increased relationship quality with less negative reactions to regulatory attempts. Results also indicated that women were more likely to respond negatively than men, particularly when the regulation attempt focused on their attractiveness. Implication and explanations are discussed.
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Li, Hongwei. "Local absorbing boundary conditions for wave propagations." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2012. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1434.
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Zhang, Jin. "Some innovative numerical approaches for pricing American options." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080915.125545/index.html.
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Dunford, Fiona. "Determining differences between novice and expert physiotherapists in the emergency on-call environment a vignette-based study : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Health Science (MHSc), 2007." Click here to access this resource online, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/368.
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Emergency on-call duties have been highlighted as a key stress factor in newly qualified physiotherapists whose job performance may be affected. The concept of stress relating to on-call work, the general lack of interest or confidence in the respiratory on-call field, and subsequent difficulties with recruitment and retention, pose a difficult problem for managers of services responsible for the maintenance of a competent workforce and a high standard of service provision. Differences in novice and expert physiotherapists’ patient management and clinical reasoning strategies have been previously examined in orthopaedic, neurology, domiciliary and cardiorespiratory fields. However, no such investigations have been undertaken in the field of emergency on-call. The purpose of this study was to determine if differences existed between novice and expert physiotherapists who had by definition differing levels of context-related experience within the emergency on-call environment. This study also aimed to consider what factors may influence their physiotherapy intervention for an acute cardiorespiratory patient. A purpose-designed vignette-based postal questionnaire was administered to 26 emergency on-call providers in New Zealand. The questionnaire sought demographic data, investigated participants’ attitudes towards emergency on-call service provision and presented a vignette-based clinical scenario which asked questions throughout an evolving clinical case scenario. Analysis was performed using the computer software package for social sciences, SPSS for Windows (version 14), results were analysed using descriptive statistics, and significance testing was performed using non-parametric methods. A good response rate was achieved (78.8%; n = 56). Statistically significant differences between novices and experts were determined in scores for confidence, stress, and support required, also in the factors affecting stress levels. Novices are less confident (p = < .0001), more stressed (p = < .001) and require more support than experts (p = < .001). Factors which influenced both novice, and to a lesser extent, expert stress levels when working as emergency on-call physiotherapists, were established. A relationship was determined between confidence and level of support required (r = -.65; p = < .001); confidence and amount of stress felt (r = -.58; p = < .001); and support required and stress felt (r = .47; p = < .001). Some differences were demonstrated between novice and expert physiotherapists in their answers to a clinical case scenario. Although these were not statistically significant, a trend was noted which may reflect the different clinical reasoning strategies of these physiotherapists. There is a need for novices to gain the type of experience which includes independent problem solving and guided reflection; the use of vignette-based case studies may be one method which could be further exploited. The profession is responsible for the provision of better ways to meet the needs of our future emergency on-call workforce. If this is not achieved, other professional groups will be required to fill the gaps and physiotherapy; particularly cardiorespiratory physiotherapy will lose out.
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Prestes, Manoel Fernando Biagioni 1963. "Dispersão de material impactante em meio aquático = modelo matemático, aproximação numérica e simulação computacional - Lagoa do Taquaral, Campinas, SP." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307272.
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Orientador: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo Meyer<br>Dissertação (mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:35:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo Este estudo visa descrever a evolução de material impactante na Lagoa do Taquaral, tendo sido inclusive apresentada inicialmente, uma descrição desse meio aquático, enfatizando-se os aspectos histórico, climático e geomorfológico nesta contextualização. Para a modelagem do fenômeno evolutivo utilizou-se a equação diferencial parcial clássica de Difusão-Advecção, tradicionalmente empregada na modelagem de fenômenos deste gênero. A discretização espacial do modelo caracteriza-se pelo uso do Método das Diferenças Finitas, sendo que a discretização temporal foi obtida através do Método de Crank-Nicolson. Quanto aos resultados numérico-computacionais obtidos, podemos destacar as três situações-cenário consideradas, conforme a direção predominante dos ventos adotada, com vistas a estabelecer adequados mecanismos de monitoramento, da dispersão de material impactante no meio aquático. Outrossim buscamos, neste trabalho, ferramentas capazes de propiciar estratégias a serem adotadas em políticas de prevenção e contingência, para os problemas gerados pela intervenção antrópica na micro-região em estudo. Ensejamos, ainda, estimular o poder público quanto instituição, a promover um planejamento e manuseio mais adequado do acervo ambiental<br>Abstract: This work has the purpose of describing the evolutionary behavior of a pollutant in a certain domain, and we have adopted the Taquaral lake as the objective example, which we initially describe in its historic, climatic and geomorphological aspects. In order to mathematically model this situation, we used a classical diffusive-advective partial differential equation. The spatial discretization is undertaken with the use of Second order central Finite Differences, while the discretization in time is done with the Crank-Nicolson Method. Three scenarios were considered, according to predominant wind directions, adopted for the numerical essays. The purpose of this was to create effective computational tools for monitoring pollutant spills and discharges in the aquatic medium. In other words, this work also intends to make available a numerical (and mathematical, as well as computational) tool for evaluating preventive and contingency policies for those polluting problems created by anthropic urban activities, besides stimulating a more precise environmental planning in this kind of situation<br>Mestrado<br>Matemática Universitária<br>Mestre em Matemática Universitária
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Kress, Wendy. "High Order Finite Difference Methods in Space and Time." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3559.
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Kim, Jung Hee (Ginny). "Career expectations and requirements of undergraduate hospitality students and the hospitality industry an analysis of differences : a thesis submitted to AUT University in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of International Hospitality Management (MIHM), 2008 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/477.
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The hospitality industry has seen rapid growth through the last three decades. The hospitality industry in New Zealand is still growing steadily. According to the Ministry of Tourism (2008, para. 3), “Visitor expenditure is forecast (from 2008 to 2014) to increase from $13.73 billion to $19.05 billion per annum, an increase of 41.4%” (Ministry of tourism, 2008b). Therefore, in response to the needs of the industry, training providers have established a number of hospitality, leisure, travel and tourism degrees (O'Mahony & Sillitoe, 2001). However, previous studies have identified that hospitality management degrees tend to lack importance in the actual world (Harkison, 2004a, 2004b; Steele; 2003). Hospitality management students seem to rate the value of their degrees higher than do employees in the industry (Collins, 2002; Raybould & Wilkins, 2005). Therefore, there are gaps between the expectations and assumptions of students and those of hospitality professionals, which have led to problems in the hospitality industry. This study has taken three steps to identify: 1) how career expectations, assumptions and requirements differ between undergraduate hospitality management students and management employees in the hospitality industry; 2) The working histories of managerial employees and their perceptions of the industry’s needs; 3) Establish the perceived value of hospitality management degrees amongst hospitality management undergraduate students and the hospitality industry. To do so, a comprehensive literature review was undertaken, and questionnaires were collected from 137 undergraduates enrolled in a Bachelor of International Hospitality Management degree at AUT University and 74 managerial employees in the hotel industry. After an analysis of the data, the researcher examined and compared the results of both groups’ data with relation to the findings of the literature review. The following key points emerged from the research: most students expected that they would work in the hospitality industry after completing their course and supposed that their first work field would be in a Food and Beverage department at a management trainee level. The results of the survey show a match between students’ long-term career expectations and the working history of employees. Students also seem to understand the environment of the hospitality industry well. These results show that students organise well, planning for their future careers, and these results were similar with those of some previous studies (Brien, 2004; Harkison, 2004b; Jenkins, 2001). The results of this study identified similarities and differences of perceptions between undergraduate students and managerial employees in the hotel industry. Similarities of students’ perceptions and managerial employees’ perceptions are; • Commitment is rated as the most important factor in determining success, while personality is rated the most important attribute for an employee in the hospitality industry. • A degree in hospitality management is not recognised as an important qualification by students or employee respondents. Working experience is more important than a bachelor degree of hospitality management for a prospective employee. • Students and managerial employees believe that the hospitality educators know the industry well, although educators and employees have different understandings of career expectations. • Both parties believe that internship might help hospitality students’ careers in the industry. Differences of perceptions between undergraduate students and managerial employees are; • Students believe that knowledge of the industry and experience are the most significant factors for a new employee in the hospitality industry but employees indicate personality. • Employees believe that using initiative skills are the most important factor for an employee’s career development, whereas students answer communication skills. • Students believe that a hospitality management bachelor degree will contribute more to the hotel business but employees believe that having three years’ experience will contribute more. • Students consider that an employee with a bachelor’s degree in hospitality will receive higher starting salaries than someone without, but employees disagree. • Students suggest that a bachelor of hospitality management degree will affect opportunities for promotion, but employees do not share that opinion. This study found that even if students and managerial employees share some common opinions, many gaps still exist between them. Therefore, the researcher suggests recommendations relating to students’ expectations and assumptions of their job entry level, the working environment in the hospitality industry, the needs of the hospitality industry, and the value of a bachelors degree of hospitality management. Furthermore, the researcher identifies some limitations of this study and areas for further research.
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Rangarajan, Suneet. "Differences between national culture and organisational culture effects on employee behaviour in international hotel chains located in urban India : this dissertation is submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the degree of Masters in International Hospitality Management, April 2008." Abstract. Full dissertation, 2008.
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Miyaoka, Tiago Yuzo 1990. "Impacto ambiental e populações que interagem : uma modelagem inovadora, aproximação e simulações computacionais." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/307267.
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Orientador: João Frederico da Costa Azevedo Meyer<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática Estatística e Computação Científica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T22:13:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: Este trabalho trata da modelagem matemática e da simulação computacional de um problema de dinâmica populacional, mais precisamente a interação de um poluente tóxico a duas espécies que competem entre si por espaço e alimento. A modelagem é feita a partir de dispersão e advecção populacional juntamente com o modelo clássico de Lotka-Volterra e reprodução do tipo de Verhulst, mas com um termo inovador para a interação entre poluente e população. Este termo inovador visa a melhoria do modelo a médio e longo prazos, pois tem comportamento assintótico em relação ao tempo. Temos assim um sistema de equações diferenciais parciais não-linear, cuja solução analítica é impossível de ser obtida. Recorremos então a métodos numéricos e simulações computacionais para obter soluções aproximadas. Para isso, utilizamos os métodos de Elementos Finitos (com elementos triangulares de primeira ordem) nas variáveis espaciais e de Diferenças Finitas (mais especificamente, o método de Crank-Nicolson) na temporal, além do método preditor-corretor de Douglas e Dupont para tratar não linearidades, detalhando o procedimento de se obter um software capaz de gerar cenários qualitativamente realistas (os parâmetros utilizados foram estimados). Com o software obtido apresentamos gráficos das soluções aproximadas em cenários hipotéticos distintos, de forma a poder analisar possíveis impactos ambientais causados pela poluição despejada no meio ambiente<br>Abstract: This work treats the mathematical modeling and computational simulation of a populational dynamics problem, more precisely the interaction of a toxic pollutant in two species which compete with each other for space and food. The modeling is done from populational dispersion and advection together with the classical model of Lotka-Volterra and Verhulst type reproduction, but with a innovative term for the interaction of pollutant and population. This innovative term aims the improvement of the model in the medium and long time, because it has asymptotic behaviour in relation to time. Therefore we have a system of non linear partial differential equations, whose analytical solution is impossible to be obtained. We then appeal to numerical methods and computational simulations to obtain approximated solutions. For this, we use the Finite Elements method (with first order triangular elements) in spatial variables and Finite Differences method (more specifically the Crank-Nicolson method), in addition to the Douglas and Dupont predictor-corrector method to treat non linearities, detailing the process of obtaining a software capable of generating qualitatively realistic scenarios (the parameters used were estimated). With the obtained software we present plots of approximate solutions in different hypothetical scenarios, in order to analyze possible enviromental impacts caused by pollution released into the environment<br>Mestrado<br>Matematica Aplicada<br>Mestre em Matemática Aplicada
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Li, Wen. "Numerical methods for the solution of the HJB equations arising in European and American option pricing with proportional transaction costs." University of Western Australia. School of Mathematics and Statistics, 2010. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0098.
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This thesis is concerned with the investigation of numerical methods for the solution of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations arising in European and American option pricing with proportional transaction costs. We first consider the problem of computing reservation purchase and write prices of a European option in the model proposed by Davis, Panas and Zariphopoulou [19]. It has been shown [19] that computing the reservation purchase and write prices of a European option involves solving three different fully nonlinear HJB equations. In this thesis, we propose a penalty approach combined with a finite difference scheme to solve the HJB equations. We first approximate each of the HJB equations by a quasi-linear second order partial differential equation containing two linear penalty terms with penalty parameters. We then develop a numerical scheme based on the finite differencing in both space and time for solving the penalized equation. We prove that there exists a unique viscosity solution to the penalized equation and the viscosity solution to the penalized equation converges to that of the original HJB equation as the penalty parameters tend to infinity. We also prove that the solution of the finite difference scheme converges to the viscosity solution of the penalized equation. Numerical results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. We extend the penalty approach combined with a finite difference scheme to the HJB equations in the American option pricing model proposed by Davis and Zarphopoulou [20]. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate the theoretical findings.
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Rodrigues, Daiana Aparecida. "Modelagem e solução numérica de equações reação-difusão em processos biológicos." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2013. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1153.
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Previous issue date: 2013-08-29<br>CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>Fenômenos biológicos são todo e qualquer evento que possa ser observado nos seres vivos.
O estudo desses fenômenos permite propor explicações para o seu mecanismo, a m
de entender as causas e efeitos. Pode-se citar como exemplos de fenômenos biológicos o
comportamento das células como respiração, reprodução, metabolismo e morte celular.
Equações de reação-difusão são frequentemente utilizadas para modelar fenômenos bioló-
gicos. Sistemas de reação-difusão podem produzir padrões espaciais estáveis a partir de
uma distribuição inicial uniforme esse fenômeno é conhecido como instabilidade de Turing.
Este trabalho apresenta a análise da instabilidade de Turing bem como resultados
numéricos para a solução de três modelos biológicos, modelo de Schnakenberg, modelo de
glicólise e modelo da coagulação sanguínea. O modelo de Schnakenberg é utilizado para
descrever uma reação química autocatalítica e o modelo de glicólise é relativo ao processo
de degradação metabólica da molécula de glicose para proporcionar energia para o metabolismo
celular, esses dois modelos são frequentemente relatados na literatura. O terceiro
modelo é mais recente e descreve o fenômeno da coagulação sanguínea. Nas soluções
numéricas se utiliza o método das linhas onde a discretização espacial é feita através de
um esquema de diferenças nitas. O sistema de equações diferencias ordinárias resultante
é resolvido por um esquema de integração adaptativo, com a utilização de pacote para
computação cientí ca da linguagem Python, Scipy.<br>Biological phenomena are all and any event that can be observed in living beings. The
study of these phenomena enables us to propose explanations for its mechanisms in order
to understand causes and e ects. One can cite as examples of biological phenomena
the behavior of cells as respiration, reproduction, metabolism and cell death. Reactiondi
usion equations are often used to model biological phenomena. Reaction-di usion
systems can produce stable spatial patterns from a uniform initial distribution, this phenomenon
is known as Turing instability. This dissertation presents an analysis of the
Turing instability as well as numerical results for the solution of three biological models,
model Schnakenberg, model of glycolysis and model of blood coagulation. The Schnakenberg
model is used to describe an autocatalytic chemical reaction and glycolysis model
refers to the process of metabolic breakdown of the glucose molecule to provide energy for
cellular metabolism, these two models are frequently reported in the literature. The third
model is newer and describes the phenomenon of blood coagulation. The method of lines
is used in the numerical solutions, where the spatial discretization is done through a nite
di erence scheme. The resulting system of ordinary di erential equations is then solved
by an adaptive integration scheme with the use of the package for scienti c computing of
Python language, Scipy.
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Wasserman, Claudio. "O ativo fiscal diferido no sistema financeiro nacional: análise e proposta de contabilização." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-31012005-190029/.
Full textAbstract:
O aprofundamento das diferenças entre a contabilidade e as normas tributárias tornou o crescimento do ativo fiscal diferido, resultante da alocação dos efeitos tributários das diferenças temporárias entre os dois sistemas contábeis, um problema a ser enfrentado pelas autoridades monetárias. Entre os principais métodos de alocação de impostos entre períodos, a alocação parcial é o método que produz um ativo fiscal diferido mais condizente com os fundamentos econômicos. As autoridades monetárias têm procurado limitar o crescimento do ativo fiscal diferido nas instituições financeiras por meio de procedimentos extracontábeis, em grande parte porque a alocação utilizada em muitos países, inclusive no Brasil, é a alocação abrangente. Os normativos contábeis sobre o ativo fiscal diferido e as legislações bancárias correlatas dos EUA e do Brasil são analisados e comparados, além de apresentados os números agregados do ativo fiscal diferido no Sistema Financeiro Nacional. A base de dados utilizada foi o Sistema de Informações do Banco Central, o que permitiu que todos os integrantes do Sistema Financeiro Nacional fossem coletivamente pesquisados. Os números obtidos mostram que, a partir do ano de 1997, quando aumentou o fosso entre contabilidade e normas tributárias, sobretudo em virtude da indedutibilidade da maioria das provisões, houve crescimento contínuo do ativo fiscal diferido no conjunto das instituições financeiras brasileiras. Com isso, as normas bancárias relativas à adequação de capital ficaram mais rígidas e afastadas da contabilidade. Este trabalho tem a finalidade de propor um método de alocação baseado na alocação parcial, mas não como usualmente praticada. As instituições financeiras, baseadas em estudos técnicos, determinam, hoje, as diferenças temporárias que originam o ativo fiscal diferido. Pela característica de interdependência com todos os setores econômicos que o sistema financeiro possui, além da baixa qualidade do ativo fiscal diferido quanto à sua liquidez, o Banco Central passa, segundo a proposta, a ter papel pró-ativo na alocação de impostos. O Banco Central passa a determinar as diferenças temporárias que originarão o ativo fiscal diferido, a ser obtido pela alocação parcial especificada pela autarquia. A alocação parcial nesses moldes resultaria não só no reconhecimento contábil do ativo fiscal diferido em bases econômicas, pois as diferenças temporárias consideradas no seu cômputo teriam a chancela da possibilidade de reversão firmada pelo próprio Banco Central, mas também na aproximação entre as normas de adequação de capital e a contabilidade, pois o ativo fiscal diferido no agregado do Sistema Financeiro Nacional possivelmente ficaria em nível naturalmente tolerável para fins de aferição da solvabilidade das instituições financeiras.<br>The deepening of the differences between accounting and tax rules turned the growing in the deferred tax asset, resulting from the tax allocation of the temporary differences between the two accounting systems, into a problem for monetary authorities. Among the main interperiod tax allocation methods, the partial provision method for deferred taxes yields a more suitable deferred tax asset according to economic fundamentals. Monetary authorities have tried to limit the deferred taxes from growing in the financial institutions through off-balance-sheet procedures, especially because many countries, including Brazil, use the comprehensive (full) method of accounting for deferred taxes. Accounting standards on deferred taxes and American and Brazilian regulatory rules are analyzed and compared and the aggregate numbers of the deferred tax asset in the National Financial System are presented. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Central Bank database, which allowed for a survey of all National Financial System components. The resulting features show that, from fiscal year 1997 onwards, when the gap between accounting and tax rules deepened, especially due to the fact that most of provisions became indeductible for tax purposes, a continuous growth in deferred tax assets has occurred in Brazilian banks. Consequently, the Brazilian regulatory capital rules have become stricter and more distant from accounting. This study aims to propose a method of accounting for income taxes based on the partial provision method, but not like the partial method usually practiced. Nowadays, based on technical studies, banks determine the deferred tax assets arising from deductible temporary differences chosen by the banks themselves. Thanks to the financial markets interdependency with other economic sectors, besides the low liquidity of deferred tax assets, according to the objective, the Brazilian Central Bank starts to play a pro-active role in the tax allocation process. Based on the partial method, the Central Bank will determine which timing differences will give rise to the deferred tax asset. The partial provision method thus achieved would result not only in a deferred tax record on an economic basis, because the reversal of the considered temporary differences would have the official seal of the Central Bank, but it would also provide for a shorter distance between the regulatory capital treatment of deferred tax assets and accounting principles, since the total deferred tax asset recorded in the National Financial System would possibly stay at a naturally tolerable level for regulatory capital purposes.
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Courtès, Clémentine. "Analyse numérique de systèmes hyperboliques-dispersifs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS467/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le but de cette thèse est d’étudier certaines équations aux dérivées partielles hyperboliques-dispersives. Une part importante est consacrée à l’analyse numérique et plus particulièrement à la convergence de schémas aux différences finies pour l’équation de Korteweg-de Vries et les systèmes abcd de Boussinesq. L’étude numérique suit les étapes classiques de consistance et de stabilité. Nous transposons au niveau discret la propriété de stabilité fort-faible des lois de conservations hyperboliques. Nous déterminons l’ordre de convergence des schémas et le quantifions en fonction de la régularité de Sobolev de la donnée initiale. Si nécessaire, nous régularisons la donnée initiale afin de toujours assurer les estimations de consistance. Une étape d’optimisation est alors nécessaire entre cette régularisation et l’ordre de convergence du schéma. Une seconde partie est consacrée à l’existence d’ondes progressives pour l’équation de Korteweg de Vries-Kuramoto-Sivashinsky. Par des méthodes classiques de systèmes dynamiques : système augmenté, fonction de Lyapunov, intégrale de Melnikov, par exemple, nous démontrons l’existence d’ondes oscillantes de petite amplitude<br>The aim of this thesis is to study some hyperbolic-dispersive partial differential equations. A significant part is devoted to the numerical analysis and more precisely to the convergence of some finite difference schemes for the Korteweg-de Vries equation and abcd systems of Boussinesq. The numerical study follows the classical steps of consistency and stability. The main idea is to transpose at the discrete level the weak-strong stability property for hyperbolic conservation laws. We determine the convergence rate and we quantify it according to the Sobolev regularity of the initial datum. If necessary, we regularize the initial datum for the consistency estimates to be always valid. An optimization step is thus necessary between this regularization and the convergence rate of the scheme. A second part is devoted to the existence of traveling waves for the Korteweg-de Vries-Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation. By classical methods of dynamical systems : extended systems, Lyapunov function, Melnikov integral, for instance, we prove the existence of oscillating small amplitude traveling waves
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Cardoso, André da Silva. "DFLD-EXP: uma solução semi-analítica para a equação de advecção-dispersão." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=771.
Full textAbstract:
A equação de advecção-dispersão possui grande importância na engenharia e nas ciências aplicadas. No entanto, como é bem conhecido, a obtenção de uma solução numérica apropriada para essa equação é um problema desafiador tanto para engenheiros como para matemáticos, físicos e outros profissionais que trabalham com a modelagem de fenômenos associados a ela. Muitos métodos numéricos desenvolvidos podem apresentar uma série de inconvenientes, tais como oscilações, dispersão e/ou dissipação numérica e instabilidade, além de serem inapropriados para determinadas condições de contorno. O presente trabalho apresenta e analisa a metodologia DFLD-exp, uma nova abordagem para a obtenção de soluções semi-analíticas da equação de advecção-dispersão, a qual utiliza um tipo particular de diferenças finitas para a discretização espacial juntamente com técnicas de exponencial de matrizes para a resolução temporal. Uma cuidadosa análise numérica mostra que a metodologia resultante é não-oscilatória, essencialmente não-dispersiva e não-dissipativa, e incondicionalmente estável. Resoluções de vários exemplos numéricos, através de um código desenvolvido em linguagem MATLAB, confirmam os resultados teóricos.<br>The advection-dispersion equation has been very important in engineering and the applied sciences. However, the obtainment of an appropriate numerical solution to that equation has been challenging problem to engineers, mathematicians, physicians and others that work in the modeling of phenomena associate to advection-dispersion equation. Many developed numerical methods may produce a succession of mistakes, just as oscillations, numerical dispersion and/or dissipation, instability and those methods also may be inappropriate to determined boundary conditions. The present work shows and analyses the DFLD-exp methodology, a new way to obtain semi-analytic solutions to advection-dispersion equation, that make use of a particular form of finite differencing to the spatial discretization with techniques of matrix exponential to the time solving. A detailed numerical analysis shows the methodology is non-oscillatory, essentially non-dispersive and non-dissipative, and unconditionally stable. Resolutions of any numerical examples, by a computational code developed in MATLAB language, confirm the theoretical results.
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DEGROOT, JULIE. "Prostate cancer-specific suvival differences between radical prostatectomy and curative radiotherapy." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/5216.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The relative treatment effectiveness of surgery versus radiotherapy for early-stage prostate cancer is uncertain and randomized clinical trials are unlikely to be performed. This study describes the difference in cause-specific survival between patients treated with radiotherapy versus surgery, using a number of design and analytic steps to mitigate confounding by indication within an observational study.
Methods: We conducted a population-based case-cohort study, sampling patients from the Ontario Cancer Registry who were treated or were candidates for cure by radiotherapy or surgery. Cases were those who died of prostate cancer within 10 years. Cause-specific survival was analyzed using Cox-proportional hazard regression, with variance adjustment for the case-cohort sampling. Analysis using intent to treat was compared to that using treatment received. Propensity scores were also calculated and Cox-proportional hazard regression was conducted within each propensity score quintile. We formed instrumental variable groups based on radiotherapy rates in Cancer Care Ontario Regions (CCORs) using the study population sampling frame and checked the instrumental variable assumption of equal distribution of covariates by comparing those covariates across these groups using data from the subcohort.
Results: The adjusted hazard ratios for risk of prostate cancer death for radiotherapy compared to surgery were 1.44 (95% CI 0.86-2.40) and 1.84 (1.06-3.17) using intent to treat and treatment received respectively. Stratified hazard ratios comparing radiotherapy to surgery for death from prostate cancer from the lowest propensity quintile to the highest propensity quintile were 0.30 (0.04-2.28), 1.54 (0.35-6.77), 0.90 (0.29-2.82), 2.71 (1.01-7.31) and 1.08 (0.41-2.81). Differences among these hazard ratios were not statistically significant (p=0.13). The distributions of all prognostic indicators were statistically significantly different between instrumental variable groups.
Conclusion: Analysis by intent to treat produced a hazard ratio closer to the null than analysis by treatment received, indicating that uncontrolled confounding toward more serious cases getting radiotherapy was present in the analysis by treatment received. Future studies should focus on obtaining enough numbers for subgroup analysis such as the stratification by risk groups. Caution should be used when using the instrumental variable approach in this population, as prognostic indicators were not as equally distributed as expected.<br>Thesis (Master, Community Health & Epidemiology) -- Queen's University, 2009-09-24 17:54:09.955
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"On spectral relaxation and compact finite difference schemes for ordinary and partial differential equations." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/13883.
Full textAbstract:
Ph.D. (Applied Mathematics)<br>In this thesis we introduce new numerical methods for solving nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations. These methods solve differential equations in a manner similar to the Gauss Seidel approach of solving linear systems of algebraic equations. First the nonlinear differential equations are linearized by simply evaluating nonlinear terms at previous iterations. To solve the linearized iteration schemes obtained we use either the spectral method or higher order compact finite difference schemes and we call the resulting methods the spectral relaxation method (SRM) and the compact finite difference relaxation method (CFD-RM) respectively. We test the applicability of these methods in a wide variety of ODEs and PDEs. The accuracy and computational efficiency in terms of CPU time is compared against other methods as well as other results from literature. We solve a range of chaotic and hyperchaotic systems of equations. Chaotic and hyperchaotic are complex dynamical systems which are characterised by rapidly changing solutions and high sensitivity to small perturbations of the initial data. As a result finding their solutions is a challenging task. We modify the proposed SRM to be able to deal with such systems of equations. We also consider chaos control and synchronization between too identical chaotic systems. We also make a comparison between the SRM and CFD-RM and between the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) and the compact finite difference quasilinearization method (CFD-QLM). The aim is to compare the performance between the spectral and the compact finite difference approaches in solving similarity boundary layer problems. We consider two examples. First, we consider the flow of a viscous incompressible electrically conducting fluid over a continuously shrinking sheet. We also consider a three-equation system that models the problem of unsteady free convective heat and mass transfer on a stretching surface in a porous medium in the presence of a chemical reaction. We extend the application of the SRMand SQLMto PDEs. In particular we consider two unsteady boundary layer flow problems modelled by a PDE or a system of PDEs. We solve a one dimensional unsteady boundary layer flow due to an impulsively stretching surface and the problem of unsteady three-dimensional MHD flow and mass transfer in a porous space. Results are compared with results obtained using the Keller-box method which is popular in solving unsteady boundary layer problems. We also extend the application of the CFD-RM to PDEs modelling unsteady boundary layer flows and again compare results to Keller-box results. We consider two examples, the unsteady one dimensional MHD laminar boundary layer flow due to an impulsively stretching surface, and the unsteady three-dimensional MHD flow and heat transfer over an impulsively stretching plate.
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Gearside, Anne L. "Feminism, constitutive embodied subjectivity and agency : "women" as the "subject" of radical feminist critiques of reproductive technology." Master's thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145329.
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Mari, Andrea. "The Italian REgistry of COnservative and Radical surgery for cortical renal tumor Disease (RECORD 2 project): A snapshot of clinical and oncologic outcomes after renal surgery for renal tumors." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1237393.
Full textAbstract:
Background: La nefrectomia parziale ad oggi rappresenta il trattamento gold standard in pazienti con neoplasie renali clinicamente localizzate. Il progetto RECORD2 nasce dall’esigenza di fornire evidenze più robuste nel setting della chirurgia per tumori renali ed in particolare di fornire modelli predittivi di rischio dei più importanti outcomes postoperatori dopo chirurgia renale.
Scopo dello studio: 1) Analizzare la distribuzione della nefrectomia radicale (RN) e della nefrectomia parziale (PN) nei centri aderenti al progetto RECORD 2 per pazienti con diagnosi di neoplasia renale non metastatica (cT1-4N0M0). 2) Valutare gli outcomes peri- e post-operatori in pazienti trattati con nefrectomia parziale per tumore del rene localizzato (cT1-T2N0M0). Confrontare i risultati peri- e postoperatori ad un follow-up a lungo termine in pazienti sottoposti a PN e RN per neoplasie renali in stadio clinico T1N0M0.
Materiali e Metodi: L'Italian REgistry of COnservative and Radical surgery for cortical renal tumor Disease (RECORD 2 project) è un progetto multicentrico, osservazionale prospettico promosso dalla Società Italiana di Urologia (SIU). Nello studio sono stati inclusi 4325 pazienti sottoposti, tra il 2013 e il 2016, a chirurgia per tumori renali corticali in 34 centri urologici italiani. Di questi, 2584 pazienti sono stati trattati con nefrectomia parziale e 1712 con nefrectomia radicale.
Sono state eseguite regressioni logistiche univariate e multivariate per valutare i possibili predittori di outcomes perioperatori e funzionali, nel caso in cui gli outcomes fossero valutati come variabile nominale ad un tempo predefinito per ogni paziente. Sono state effettuate analisi di sopravvivenza mediante l’utilizzo di curve di Kaplan-Meier. La valutazione di possibili predittori di outcomes di sopravvivenza è stata effettuata mediante l’utilizzo di analisi univariate e multivariate secondo Cox.
Sono stati generati nomogrammi come rappresentazione grafica di modelli di regressione logistica multivariata. In caso di analisi di confronto tra gruppi con caratteristiche statisticamente significative al baseline è stato effettuato un propensity score matching analysis.
Risultati: La distribuzione dei centri ha interessato in maniera pressoché completa tutte le regioni italiane, con limitate eccezioni. L’intervento conservativo è stato largamente più utilizzato rispetto a quello radicale. Se però ci soffermiamo ad analizzare la distribuzione dei due approcci in relazione al centro di provenienza, osserviamo che in alcuni centri il numero di nefrectomie radicali ha raggiunto o superato quello delle nefrectomie parziali.
Durante gli anni di inclusione per gli interventi di nefrectomia parziale e radicale, l’approccio open è progressivamente diminuito, quello laparoscopico è rimasto pressoché costante, l’approccio robotico è progressivamente aumentato. Inoltre, durante gli anni nei pazienti sottoposti a nefrectomia parziale, è aumentato il numero delle masse complesse trattate, le indicazioni di necessità relativa ed assoluta. Infine, l'enucleazione è stata significativamente più utilizzata negli ultimi anni rispetto alle altre tecniche resettive.
Il tasso di complicanze chirurgiche postoperatorie dopo nefrectomia parziale era del 10,2% con un tasso di complicanze maggiori del 2.5%. Secondo il modello multivariato completo, età (OR 1,01, p = 0.03), ASA score (OR 1.281, p = 0.046), stadio T2 rispetto allo stadio T1a (OR 2.03, p = 0,01), PADUA score (OR 1,16, p = 0,001), anemia preoperatoria (OR 2,20, p <0,001), approccio open (O 2,87, p <0,001) e laparoscopico (OR 1,73, p = 0,01) rispetto al robotico sono risultati essere fattori predittivi di complicanze chirurgiche postoperatorie. È stato costruito un nomogramma predittivo con una predittività del 73.1% alle analisi post-hoc. È stata effettuata un’analisi in un sottogruppo di pazienti trattati con accesso mininvasivo che ha dimostrato che l’accesso retro- e trans-peritoneale presentano outcomes perioperatori comparabili, ma il primo accesso è associato ad un tempo di degenza significativamente minore. Una dettagliata analisi dei fattori predittivi di rischio di complicanze chirurgiche in paziente con masse renali complesse PADUA score ≥10 e trattati con PN è stata riportata nel testo.
Complessivamente il 25% dei pazienti sottoposti a nefrectomia parziale hanno sviluppato insufficienza renale acuta (AKI) durante la degenza postoperatoria. All'analisi multivariata, l’età (OR 1,03; p <0,0001), l’eGFR preoperatorio (OR: 1,02; p = 0,003), lo stadio clinico T1b (OR: 1,88; p = 0,0004), tumori PADUA 7-8 (OR: 1,55; p = 0,11) e PADUA 9 (OR: 1,70; p = 0,058) erano associati ad un aumento del rischio di AKI. Al contrario, la chirurgia laparoscopica (OR: 0,46; p = 0,009) e robotica (OR: 0,39; p <0,0001) hanno mostrato una minore probabilità di AKI rispetto alla chirurgia open. I coefficienti del modello multivariato sono stati utilizzati per costruire un nomogramma di predizione.
Dei pazienti trattati con nefrectomia parziale, 2076 hanno presentato neoplasie maligne all’analisi istopatologica. Lo stadio patologico T1a, T1b, T2 e T3a è stato attribuito nel 68,7%, 22,6%, 2,1% e 6,6% dei pazienti, rispettivamente. Un coinvolgimento nodale patologico (pN1) è stato trovato nello 0,4% dei casi. Il tasso di margini chirurgici positivi è stato del 16,5%. Sono stati effettuati due modelli multivariati, uno clinico e uno clinico-patologico, per determinare i fattori predittivi di margini chirurgici positivi. Il modello multivariato su base clinica ha rivelato che lo stadio clinico (cT1a vs cT2), il PADUA score, la casistica del centro (< 60 PN/anno vs ≥ 60 PN/anno)e l’approccio chirurgico (laparoscopica vs open) sono predittori indipendenti di margini chirurgici positivi (AUC: 0,66). Il modello clinico-patologico multivariato ha rivelato che lo stadio clinico, la casistica del centro, l’indicazione (assoluta vs elettiva), l’approccio chirurgico, l’invasione linfovascolare e l’upstaging a pT3a sono erano predittori indipendenti di margini chirurgici positivi (AUC: 0,70). I coefficienti delle variabili incluse nel modello clinico sono stati usati per sviluppare il nomogramma di predizione di margini positivi.
È stata eseguita una subanalisi nella popolazione dei pazienti con diagnosi di neoplasia renale in stadio cT1N0M0 trattati con nefrectomia radicale (645) e parziale (2600), nei centri inclusi. Il confronto della popolazione è stato eseguito anche dopo aver condotto una selezione matched-pair su 600 pazienti in entrambi i gruppi con caratteristiche al baseline comparabili. I pazienti sottoposti a RN presentavano un tasso significativamente maggiore di complicanze chirurgiche e mediche intraoperatorie e di AKI postoperatoria significativamente maggiore rispetto a quelli sottoposti a PN. Il tasso di complicanze postoperatorie chirurgiche è risultato comparabile tra i due gruppi. Il tasso di margini chirurgici in tumori maligni dei pazienti sottoposti a PN è risultato significativamente maggiore rispetto ai pazienti trattati con RN. Il confronto degli outcomes di sopravvivenza e funzionali ad un follow-up di 48 mesi nelle due coorti selezionate di pazienti (post-matching) ha confermato che i pazienti sottoposti a PN presentavano una migliore preservazione della funzionalità renale sia nel breve sia nel lungo termine rispetto alla controparte trattata con RN a parità di outcomes oncologici a lungo termine.
Conclusioni: La nefrectomia parziale rappresenta ad oggi la terapia chirurgica di scelta nei pazienti con neoplasia renale in stadio cT1N0M0. Nonostante le attuali linee guida non raccomandino uno specifico approccio nell’esecuzione della nefrectomia parziale, il presente studio conferma che l’approccio robotico possa ridurre la morbilità postoperatoria riducendo significativamente il tasso di complicanze, l’incidenza di danno renale acuto. Tuttavia, numerosi fattori devono essere considerati nello stratificare la tipologia d’approccio ottimale, in particolare le caratteristiche della malattia e quelle del paziente, al fine di poter bilanciare rischi e benefici di un intervento conservativo ed identificare il candidato ottimale per una
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LAN-HAU, OU YANG, and 歐陽藍灝. "Experiment and Research of the Flow Field Induced by Partial Heat and Density Differences in an Enclosed Space Between Two Walls." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72880575543317414181.
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碩士<br>元智大學<br>機械工程學系<br>93<br>This research is to study the phenomena of the flow field induced by partial heat and density differences in an enclosed space between two walls. The enclosed space is confined by isothermal wall to the right and left and protruding outwards. The floor and the ceiling of the space are made of acrylic plates. This research utilized an experimental method to study the natural convection when the structure is placed in different angles (0, 45 and 90 degree). The researching area targets in the flow pattern, change of fluid temperature and density.
The apparatus is a closure made of acrylic plates. Sidewalls have a partially concaved area in center made of copper. The void is fill with cupric-sulphate solution. Two water baths in different temperature provide temperature gradient between walls. We utilized an electrochemical method to produce a gradient in concentration. This will result a boundary layers in concentration between two copper plates. To observe and record the flow pattern inside the apparatus, shadowgraphs and digital camera are used. The photography is used for later analysis. To better understand the flow field structure, we measured the temperature and concentration distribution over the flow field. Finally, measure and analysis the thermo conductivity Sh, Gr,m and Gr,t.
The range of non-dimensional parameters used in this research are listed as the followings:
Pr=7~8 ,Sc=1700~2500 ,s*=0.5 ,Grt=8.9×105~1.34×106 ,Grm=5.47×106 ,
=4.46~6.68
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Marszalek, Anne J. "Gender, adolescent self-efficacy, and adolescent actual alcohol consumption a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... Master of Science Parent-Child Nursing ... /." 1993. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68796580.html.
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De, Lisio Suzanne M. "The relationship between early adolescent's sense of coherence and the perceived stressfulness of life events a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /." 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68797688.html.
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Fromes, Gail. "Effects of sex differences and hippocampal lesions on exploratory behaviors and wayfinding performance in rats in a novel environment a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... /." 1987. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68787816.html.
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Iwamoto, Kumiko. "The epidemiology of lung cancer in metropolitan Detroit racial differences in men : a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Doctor of Public Health (Epidemiology) ... /." 1994. http://books.google.com/books?id=2kZBAAAAMAAJ.
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Rosa, Anne K. "Sexual assault forensic medical examinations and certified nurse-midwives differences by provider type : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science, Parent-Child Nursing ... /." 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68902768.html.
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Blackmore, Natalie. "Alcohol related vomiting in a New Zealand university sample : frequency, gender differences, and correlates : a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Psychology /." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2680.
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Dean, Janet M. "Family functioning and social support differences between mothers and fathers and the relationship to health in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : a research report submitted in partial fulfillment ... parent-child nursing /." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/68788449.html.
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Wegner, Jill Y. "Gender and age-related differences in cognitive representations of hypertension in diverse clinic outpatients a research project submitted ... in partial fulfillment ... for the degree of Master of Science in Medical-Surgical Nursing /." 1999. http://books.google.com/books?id=ziptAAAAMAAJ.
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Abbiss, Jane Elizabeth. "IT is a gender thing, or is it? : gender, curriculum culture and students' experiences of specialist IT subjects in a New Zealand high school : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Education) at the University of Canterbury /." 2005. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20061003.180034.
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Bryant, Jeremy. "Quantifying genetic variation in environmental sensitivity of New Zealand dairy cattle to apply in the development of a dairy cattle simulation model for pastoral systems : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1588.
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The objectives of this research were firstly, to investigate if dairy cattle genotypes in NZ exhibit genetic variation in environmental sensitivity and to determine if this genetic variation is statistically significant from a genetic evaluation perspective, and secondly, to use genetic information including environmental sensitivity data to simulate dairy cattle responses to changes in nutritional regime and variation in climate. A comprehensive review identified that simulation models either overlook, or do not represent environmental sensitivity information where genotypes and breeds respond differently when exposed to variations in environment. A large dataset of daily and total lactation records (yields of milk, fat and protein) from herds participating in the progeny testing of sires from 1989 to 2002 was obtained to test for differences in the environmental sensitivity of dairy cattle in New Zealand. Production data was matched with environmental data relating to climate, herd size, altitude and herd average production levels (a proxy for feeding level). The statistical analyses applying univariate and bivariate multibreed models to environmental character states identified minimal sire re-ranking between environmental character states as measured by genetic and rank correlations. However, differences in yields of milk, fat and protein between New Zealand Jersey and overseas Holstein Friesian systematically diverged with production level, in herds expected to use different levels of supplements. These results suggest New Zealand Jersey cattle are best suited to a grassland-type environment, and overseas Holstein Friesian cattle are more suited to an intensive-type environment. A phenotypic analysis identified thermal environment (cold and hot conditions) significantly affected the expression of production traits in Holstein Friesian, New Zealand Jersey and Holstein Friesian x New Zealand Jersey cattle. Holstein Friesian dairy cattle were more susceptible to the effects of heat conditions than New Zealand Jersey cattle with yields of milk, and concentrations of fat and protein of the former compromised at a lower value for temperature humidity index. Dairy cattle performance is likely to be compromised by heat more frequently than cold conditions in New Zealand. A simulation model that considers how dairy cow genotypes respond to different environments, incorporating the results presented above, was then developed. An initial estimate of feed intake is used to define cow genetic potential based on estimated breeding values for total yields milk, fat and protein, and environmental sensitivity information. A mammary gland module then predicts daily yields of milk, fat and protein based on the cow's genetic potential after considering her age, stage of lactation, body condition score, nutritional status and thermal environment. Live weight change is also predicted via a body energy stores module, which considers the effect of age, stage of lactation, current body condition score, nutritional status, and an estimated breeding value for body condition score. Feed intake is predicted from the requirements for maintenance, growth and pregnancy, and the genetic drive for yields of milk, fat and protein and body fat change. The predictive ability of the model was tested using information from a prior study with two Holstein Friesian genotypes managed in a pasture-based system. The model simulated to a high degree of accuracy, mean values for yields of milk, fat and protein, and concentrations of fat and protein of each genotype. Various tests identified the major source of error between simulated and observed values were due to a lack of simulated variation. In conclusion, the extent of genetic variation in environmental sensitivity for total lactation yields of milk, fat and protein within the range of New Zealand environments are not sufficient to warrant the formation of separate breeding schemes for distinct environments. However, New Zealand Jersey cattle are best suited to a grassland-type environment, and overseas Holstein Friesian cattle are more suited to an intensive-type environment. Genetic variation in the suitability of different breeds for specific environments existed within breeds. A simulation model was developed that was able to simulate the effect of genotype, environment and genotypic differences in environmental sensitivity on daily cow performance.
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Chisholm, Amy. "When and why does female dieting become pernicious? : the role of individual differences and partner support in romantic relationships : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Psychology [at the University of Canterbury] /." 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1582.
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Mayor, Lindsay. "Negotiating sexualities : magazine representations of sexualities and the talk ot teen and young adult readers : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Cultural Studies at the University of Canterbury /." 2006. http://library.canterbury.ac.nz/etd/adt-NZCU20070205.150709.
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Laca-Vina, Hector. "An application of Malmquist productivity index to compare technological and growth differences between traditional and non-traditional dairy regions in New Zealand : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in Agribusiness at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1290.
Full textAbstract:
The NZ dairy industry has adopted an encompassing measure of performance, total factor productivity (TFP), as a target measure to guide on-farm improvements. Dairy farmers pay a levy in order to fund agricultural research and extension. Extension services and R&D will continue to be of critical importance to maintain and improve productivity at the farm level. Consequently, it is in the best interest of the dairy industry to adequately target R&D and extension funds and make the best use of resources. To date, the methodology employed to estimate productivity growth has some shortcomings that seriously hamper the ability of potential users to extract useful information from it. First, productivity growth has been reported as an aggregate for the entire dairy industry. Second, it makes no assumption about the efficiency with which resources are being used. Third, it implicitly assumes that all farms face the same technology. Productivity growth can be achieved either through better (more efficient) use of the technology applied, through the adoption of a new technology (technical progress) or a combination of both. Given that the sources of productivity change—technical progress and technical efficiency change—are fundamentally different phenomena, they are, in turn, influenced by different factors. This distinction is important for policy orientation because different instruments/tools may be required to address them. Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that a variety of farming systems have emerged as a result of dairy farming geographical expansion. Farm-level panel data were used to estimate the Malmquist productivity change index. This index can provide additional insights since it can be decomposed into two additional components, one that measures changes in technical efficiency (i.e., whether firms are getting closer to the production frontier over time), and one that measures changes in technology (i.e., whether the production frontier is moving outwards over time). Hence, it provides individual (farm) estimates of TFP. Moreover, the methodology applied allows to test whether farms in the two regions considered in this study are operating under the sametechnology. These two regions were the long-established dairy areas of Waikato-Taranaki and the newly developed dairy areas of Canterbury-Southland. Results for farms in Waikato-Taranaki indicate that annual TFP change is modest, ranging from 0.29% per annum to 0.59% per annum. Most importantly, technical progress is the only source of TFP change in all four models. Therefore, it is necessary to encourage investments in new R&D targeted to remove the technological constraints that impede the realisation of further productivity gains in the regions. However, important differences in the estimates of TFP, technical progress and change in technical efficiency between models were found for farms in Canterbury-Southland. Estimates of TFP change ranged from 0.7% per annum to 2.8% per annum. Even though technical progress and change in technical efficiency contributed to total factor productivity growth (TFPG), the latter component was the most important contributor in three of the four models. Moreover, in two models the rate of technical progress was negative (i.e., technical regress). The analyses indicate that dairy farms in Canterbury-Southland were on average 10% more productive than farms in Waikato-Taranaki when farms in both regions faced the frontier. These results were consistent for all the input/output set chosen. Furthermore, the null hypothesis that the two regions do not face the same production technology (i.e., each region has it own production frontier) was accepted irrespective of the input/output set chosen. The rejection of the null hypothesis, that farms in traditional and non-traditional dairy regions were operating under the same underlying technology (and hence face the same production frontier), called for a review of the traditional approach to R&D in one central experimental station, strengthening the need for a local approach through the promotion of networks and synergies with universities and other research institutions.
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Ohms, Haley. "The influence of sex, migration distance, and latitude on expression of anadromy in Oncorhynchus mykiss." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35841.
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The evolution and maintenance of multiple phenotypes within populations is an interesting evolutionary and ecological question, and is becoming increasingly important for the restoration and conservation of partially migratory species. In particular, why individuals adopt a particular phenotype has been the focus of numerous research efforts. In the partially migratory species Oncorhynchys mykiss (commonly known as steelhead and rainbow trout), I found that sex plays a strong role in whether an individual adopts an anadromous or resident life history. I observed a higher frequency of females adopting the anadromous tactic throughout the species range, and I attributed this to the relationship between body size and reproductive success in females that is not present in males. I did not observe differences in female bias along gradients of latitude or migration distance, and I hypothesize that while the frequency of tactics among populations may change along these gradients, either the change is equal between males and females, or an interaction of latitude and migration distance may control changes. I did not observe a corresponding male bias in the one resident population I sampled, and suggest that this is the result of a high frequency of residents in that population. I propose that sex ratios could be a valuable metric for measuring frequency of life-history tactics in populations and could facilitate the investigation into the controls of life-history tactics across broad scales.<br>Graduation date: 2013
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Carstens, Christoffel. "Invloed van televisie op die verwestersingsproses by die Swart adolessent." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/16335.
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