Academic literature on the topic 'Radical one carbon homologation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Radical one carbon homologation"

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Hart, David J., and Franklin L. Seely. "Bis(trimethylstannyl)benzopinacolate-mediated intermolecular free-radical carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions: a new one-carbon homologation." Journal of the American Chemical Society 110, no. 5 (1988): 1631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00213a051.

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Taber, Douglass F., Craig M. Paquette, and P. Ganapati Reddy. "One carbon homologation of halides to benzyl ethers." Tetrahedron Letters 50, no. 21 (2009): 2462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2009.03.010.

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Imamoto, Tsuneo, Yasuo Kamiya, Toshihiko Hatajima, and Harumi Takahashi. "Tandem one-carbon homologation of esters to cyclopropanols." Tetrahedron Letters 30, no. 38 (1989): 5149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(01)93471-9.

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Lebel, Hélène, and Chehla Ladjel. "Reductive One-Carbon Homologation of Aldehydes and Ketones." Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, no. 24 (2005): 10159–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo0516741.

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Sebastian, Sharol, Monika, Anil Kumar Khatana, Eqvinshi Yadav, and Manoj K. Gupta. "Recent approaches towards one-carbon homologation–functionalization of aldehydes." Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry 19, no. 14 (2021): 3055–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ob00135c.

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Marco-Contelles, José, and Elsa de Opazo. "SOME UNEXPECTED RESULTS IN DONDONI'S ONE-CARBON HOMOLOGATION PROCEDURE1." Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry 20, no. 7&8 (2001): 637–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/car-100108278.

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Huffman, John W., Ming Jung Wu, and H. Howard Joyner. "Regioselective synthesis of 1-formylcyclohexenes by one-carbon homologation." Journal of Organic Chemistry 56, no. 17 (1991): 5224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00017a045.

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Bonne, Damien, Mouloud Dekhane, and Jieping Zhu. "Mild Oxidative One-Carbon Homologation of Aldehyde to Amide." Journal of the American Chemical Society 127, no. 19 (2005): 6926–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja0511220.

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Dixon, D. D., and W. F. Burgoyne. "Nitriles from olefins and ammonia via one-carbon homologation." Applied Catalysis 20, no. 1-2 (1986): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-9834(86)80007-0.

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Barton, Derek H. R., and Wansheng Liu. "Two Carbon Homologation of Carboxylic Acids Using Acrylamide as a Radical Trap." Tetrahedron Letters 38, no. 14 (1997): 2431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00418-8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radical one carbon homologation"

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Seely, Franklin Lee. "Bis(trimethylstannyl)benzopinacolate Promoted Radical Carbon-Carbon Bond Forming Reactions and Related Studies." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1290711413.

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Books on the topic "Radical one carbon homologation"

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Jenkins, Nick. Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198813927.001.0001.

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Energy Systems: A Very Short Introduction explores our historic exploitation of fossil energy resources and examines the role of renewable energy systems currently available. It also looks forward to the radical changes in fuel technology that will be necessary to provide greener, low carbon energy systems for the future. Modern societies require energy systems to provide energy for cooking, heating, transport, and materials processing, as well as for electricity generation. Energy systems include the primary fuel, its conversion, and transport to the point of use. Often, this primary fuel is
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Gray, Kevin R., Richard Tarasofsky, and Cinnamon Carlarne, eds. The Oxford Handbook of International Climate Change Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199684601.001.0001.

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Climate change presents one of the greatest challenges of our time, and has become one of the defining issues of the twenty-first century. The radical changes which both developed and developing countries will need to make, in economic and in legal terms, to respond to climate change are unprecedented. International law, including treaty regimes, institutions, and customary international law, needs to address the myriad challenges and consequences of climate change, including variations in the weather patterns, sea level rise, and the resulting migration of peoples. This book provides an autho
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Book chapters on the topic "Radical one carbon homologation"

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Taber, Douglass F. "New Methods for Carbon-Carbon Bond Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0021.

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Sunggak Kim of KAIST reported (Synlett 2009, 81) an improved protocol for the one-carbon free radical homologation of an iodide such as 1 to the nitrile. Primary, secondary, and tertiary iodides work well. We described (Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50, 2462) a procedure for the one-carbon homologation of a halide 4 directly to the benzyl ether 6. Bin Xu of Shanghai University showed (Chem. Commun. 2009, 3246) that conversion of a ketone 8 to the 1,1-dibromoalkene set the stage for the net one-carbon homologation to the amide 9. A. Fernández-Mateos of the Universidad de Salamanca uncovered (J. Org. Chem. 2009, 74, 3913) a powerful new branching reaction, condensing the more substituted center of an epoxide 10 with a nitrile 11 to deliver the adduct 12. Useful diastereocontrol was observed with cyclic epoxides. Uli Kazmaier of the Universität des Saarlandes optimized (Adv. Synthy. Cat. 2009, 351, 1395) a Mo catalyst for the hydrostannation of a terminal alkene 13 to the branched product 14. Dong-Mei Cui of the Zhejiang University of Technology and Chen Zhang of Zhejiang University (both in Hangzhou) developed (Chem. Commun. 2009, 1577) a complementary procedure, converting the terminal alkene 15 into the branched alkenyl tosylate 16. The Wittig reaction is notorious for racemizing sensitive aldehydes. Hélène Lebel of the Université de Montréal demonstrated (Organic Lett. 2009, 11, 41) a simple one-pot protocol for sequential oxidation and homologation of 17 that preserved the integrity of the adjacent stereogenic center. The stereocontrolled construction of trisubstituted alkenes is still a major issue in organic synthesis. Giancarlo Verardo of the University of Udine established (J. Phys. Org. Chem. 2009, 22, 24) that the α-diazo ester 19, readily prepared directly from the simple ester, was converted by I2 to the alkene 20 with high geometric control. Condensation with the Ohira reagent 22 is often the method of choice for converting an aldehyde into the homologated alkyne. Hubert Maehr and Milan Uskokovic of Bioxell and Carl P. Schaffner of the Waksman Institute described (Syn. Commun. 2009, 39, 299) an optimized, scalable procedure for the in situ preparation of 22 and the conversion of 21 to 23. Note, again, that the sensitive stereogenic center adjacent to the intermediate aldehyde was not epimerized under the reaction conditions.
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Vedantham, P., M. Jiménez, and P. R. Hanson. "Homologation by One Carbon Atom." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Acid Halides; Carboxylic Acids and Acid Salts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-020-00219.

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Witulski, B., and C. Alayrac. "One-Carbon Homologation of Carboxylic Acids." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Ketenes and Derivatives. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-024-01028.

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Kaufmann, D. E., and C. Burmester. "By One-Carbon Homologation of Boronates." In Boron Compounds. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-006-00805.

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Evano, G. "With One- or Two-Carbon Homologation." In Three Carbon-Heteroatom Bonds: Acid Halides; Carboxylic Acids and Acid Salts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/sos-sd-020-00188.

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Taber, Douglass F. "The Dixon Synthesis of Manzamine A." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190200794.003.0100.

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The pentacyclic alkaloid manzamine A 4, isolated from a sponge collected in the Okinawa Sea, displays a range of antibacterial, anticancer, and antimalarial activity. The preparation of 4 reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 17482) by Darren J. Dixon of the University of Oxford showcases the versatility of the nitro group in organic synthesis. The nitro alkene 2 was prepared from the commercial bromide 5. Displacement with acetate followed by Swern oxidation led to the aldehyde 6, which was condensed with nitromethane to give 2. Lactam 1 was an intermediate in Professor Dixon’s synthesis (Org. Highlights May 3, 2010) of (–)-nakadomarin A. Lactam 1 was prepared from the tosylate 7, which was derived from pyroglutamic acid. The addition of 1 to the nitroalkene 2 delivered 3 as the dominant diastereomer of the four that were possible. Mannich condensation with formaldehyde and the amine 12 gave 13. The nitro group of 13 was removed by free radical reduction. Exposure of the reduced product to trimethylsilyl iodide gave, via ionization of the ketal, the primary iodide, which was carried onto the nitro compound 14. Dibal selectively reduced the δ-lactam. Partial reduction of the γ-lactam then gave an intermediate that engaged in Mannich condensation with the nitro-activated methylene to give 15. Although there are many protocols for the conversion of a nitro compound to a ketone, most of those were not compatible with the functional groups of 15. Fortunately, Ti(III) was effective. Ce-mediated addition of the Grignard reagent 16 to the ketone followed by deprotection and protection then delivered the silyl ether 17. Remarkably, the ketone 17 could be deprotonated and carried on to the enol triflate 18 without eliminating the TMSO group. Coupling with the stannane 19 then completed the synthesis of manzamine A 4. One-carbon homologation of 18 led to ircinol A, ircinal A, and methyl ircinate (not illustrated).
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Taber, Douglass F. "Functionalization and Homologation of Alkenes." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199965724.003.0029.

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Masahito Ochiai developed (Org. Highlights, March 24, 2008) the iodosobenzene-mediated cleavage of alkenes to keto aldehydes. Thottumkara K. Vinod of Western Illinois University described (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 5640) a modified protocol that delivered the keto acid 2. Chi-Ming Che of the University of Hong Kong established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13229) a method for the preparative scale Fe-catalyzed cis dihydroxylation of an alkene 3. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University devised (Synlett 2010, 2014) a practical procedure for the free radical addition of HBr to an alkene 5. Tetsuo Ohta of Doshisha University showed (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2806) that a Ru catalyst could add an aromatic acid to the internal carbon of a terminal alkene 7. Noriki Kutsumura and Takao Saito of the Tokyo University of Science found (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 3316) conditions for bromination/dehydrobromination to convert 10 to 11. Tsuyoshi Taniguchi of Kanazawa University oxidized (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 8126) the alkene 12 to the nitro alkene 13. Professor Taniguchi added (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 10154) methyl carbazate to 14 to give the β-hydroxy ester 15. Philippe Renaud of the University of Bern effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 17511) the free radical homologation of 16 to the azide 18. Daniel P. Becker of Loyola University described (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 3514) the elegant diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed bis-methoxycarbonylation of 19 to the diester 20. Matthew S. Sigman of the University of Utah established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 13981) the oxidative Heck arylation of 21 to 23. F. Dean Toste of the University of California, Berkeley, found (Org. Lett. 2010, 12, 4728) that the intermediate in the gold-catalyzed alkoxylation of 24 could couple to an aryl silane 25 to give 26. Chun-Yu Ho of the Chinese University of Hong Kong used (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2010, 49, 9182) a Ni catalyst to add styrene 27 to the alkene 24. Masahiro Miura of Osaka University effected (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 5421) the oxidative coupling of 29 with styrene 27 to give the linear product 30.
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Taber, Douglass. "C-C Single Bond Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0019.

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Several remarkable one-carbon homologations have recently appeared. André B. Charette of the Université de Montréal reported (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 8097) the alkylation of diiodomethane with alkyl iodides such as 1, to give the diiodoalkane 2. Carlo Punta and the late Ombretta Porta of the Politecnico di Milano effected (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 5063) reductive condensation of an amine 3 with an aldehyde 4 in the presence of methanol, to give the amino alcohol 5. Timothy S. Snowden of the University of Alabama showed (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 3853) that NaBH4 reduced the carbinol 7, easily prepared from the aldehyde 6, to the acid 8. Ram N. Ram of the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi found (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 5633) that CuCl reduced 7 to the chloro ketone 9. Kálmán J. Szabó of Stockholm University extended (Chem. Commun. 2008, 3420) his elegant work on in situ borinate formation, coupling, in one pot, the allylic alcohol 10 with the acetal 11 (hydrolysed in situ) to deliver the alcohol 12 as a single diastereomer. Samir Z. Zard of the Ecole Polytechnique developed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8898) the 6-fluoropyridyloxy ether of 13 as an effective radical leaving group, enabling efficient coupling with 14, activated by dilauroyl peroxide, to give 15. Shu Kobayashi of the University of Tokyo established (Chem. Commun. 2008, 6354) that the anion of the sulfonyl imidate 17 participated in direct Pd-mediated allylic coupling with the carbonate 16. The product sulfonyl imidate 18 is itself of medicinal interest. It is also easily converted to other functional groups, including the aldehyde 19. Jianliang Xiao of the University of Liverpool found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 10510) that Pd-mediated coupling of an aldehyde 21 in the presence of pyrrolidine led to the ketone 22. The reaction is probably proceeding via Heck coupling of the aryl halide with the in situ generated enamine. Alois Fürstner of the Max Planck Institut, Mülheim observed (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 8773) that in the presence of the simple catalyst Fe(acac)3 a Grignard reagent 24 coupled smoothly with an aryl halide 23 to give 25.
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Taber, Douglass. "Best Synthetic Methods: Carbon-Carbon Bond Construction." In Organic Synthesis. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199764549.003.0018.

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In the context of peptidyl ketone synthesis, Troels Skrydstrup of the University of Aarhus developed (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1088) the elegant SmI2-mediated conjugate addition of acyl oxazolidinones such as 1 to acceptors such as 2. Sadagopan Raghavan of the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad reported (Tetrahedron Lett. 2008, 49, 1601) that the addition of a Pummerer intermediate, generated by exposure of 4 to TFAA, to the terminal alkene 5 and SnCl4 led to efficient C-C bond formation, to give the sulfide 6 as a single (unassigned) diastereomer. Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl halides and triflates is a well-established process. Stephen L. Buchwald of MIT has now (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 2754) extended this transformation to much less expensive tosylates and mesylates such as 7. β-Amino acids have often been prepared from α-amino acids by Arndt-Eistert homologation. Geoffrey W. Coates of Cornell University has devised (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 3979) a more practical alternative, the direct Co-catalyzed carbonylation of an oxazoline 9 to the 2-oxazine-6-one 10. Eiji Shirakawa and Tamio Hayashi of Kyoto University also used (Chem. Lett . 2008, 37, 654) a Co catalyst to promote the coupling of aryl and alkenyl Grignard reagents with enol trifl ates such as 11. Alois Fürstner of the Max-Planck-Institut, Mülheim optimized (Chem. Commun. 2008, 2873) promoters for the Pd-catalyzed Stille-Migata coupling of iodo alkenes such as 14 with alkenyl stannanes such as 15 to give 16. It is particularly noteworthy that their system is fluoride free. The stereocontrolled construction of trisubstituted alkenes continues to be challenging. We described (J. Org. Chem. 2008, 73, 1605) the facile preparation of the diioide 18 from the inexpensive 2-butyn-1,4-diol 17 . Sequential coupling of 18 with an aryl Grignard followed by CH3 Li delivered 19. Brian S. J. Blagg of the University of Kansas established (Tetrahedron Lett . 2008, 49, 141) that Still-Genari homologation of 20 with 21 gave (E)- 22 with high geometric control. Biao Jiang of the Shangahi Institute of Organic Chemistry reported (Organic Lett. 2008, 10, 593) a convenient alternative protocol to give ( Z )-α- bromo unsaturated esters.
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Tanko, J. M. "Free-Radical Chemistry in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." In Green Chemistry Using Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154832.003.0008.

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During the 1990s, the chemical industry has focused on ways to reduce and prevent pollution caused by chemical synthesis and manufacturing. The goal of this approach is to modify existing reaction conditions and/or to develop new chemistries that do not require the use of toxic reagents or solvents, or that do not produce toxic by-products. The terms “environmentally benign synthesis and processing” and “green chemistry” have been coined to describe this approach where the environmental impact of a process is as important an issue as reaction yield, efficiency, or cost. Most chemical reactions require the use of a solvent that may serve several functions in a reaction: for example, ensuring homogeneity of the reactants, facilitating heat transfer, extraction of a product (or by-product), or product purification via chromatography. However, because the solvent is only indirectly involved in a reaction (i.e., it is not consumed), its disposal becomes an important issue. Thus, one obvious approach to “green chemistry” is to identify alternative solvents that are nontoxic and/or environmentally benign. Supercritical carbon dioxide (sc CO2) has been identified as a solvent that may be a viable alternative to solvents such as CCl4, benzene, and chloroflurocarbons (CFCs), which are either toxic or damaging to the environment. The critical state is achieved when a substance is taken above its critical temperature and pressure (Tc, Pc). Above this point on a phase diagram, the gas and liquid phases become indistinguishable. The physical properties of the supercritical state (e.g., density, viscosity, solubility parameter, etc.) are intermediate between those of a gas and a liquid, and vary considerably as a function of temperature and pressure. The interest in sc CO2 specifically is related to the fact that CO2 is nontoxic and naturally occurring. The critical parameters of CO2 are moderate (Tc = 31 °C, Pc = 74 bar), which means that the supercritical state can be achieved without a disproportionate expenditure of energy. For these two reasons, there is a great deal of interest in sc CO2 as a solvent for chemical reactions. This chapter reviews the literature pertaining to free-radical reactions in sc CO2 solvent.
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Conference papers on the topic "Radical one carbon homologation"

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Kasai, Paul H., and A. Wakabayashi. "A Noble Photo-Grafting Technique of Perfluoropolyether Molecular Chains to the Carbon Overcoat." In ASME/STLE 2007 International Joint Tribology Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijtc2007-44505.

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The technique of enhancing adhesion of PFPE (perfluoropolyether) lubricants to the carbon overcoat of magnetic media discs by irradiation with far-UV (185 nm) was reported some time ago.[1] It was later suggested that photoelectrons emanating from the carbon layer was responsible for the observed efficacy.[2] Capture of these low energy electrons by PFPE molecular chains would lead to detachment of a fluoride anion and formation of a radical center on the polymer backbone. Adhesion occurs when the radical center reacts with the carbon layer. Most recently this mechanism was challenged, and pho
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Trabelsi, W., V. Bellenger, and E. Ghorbel. "Anisothermic Oxidation of Carbon/Epoxy Laminates." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13352.

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This work deals with the ageing of a carbon epoxy composite material for aeronautic and supersonic applications. One of the main parameters which governs the durability of this kind of materials is the matrix oxidation, which is limited to surface layers. The long-term behaviour of organic matrix composites includes combined effects of ageing: matrix oxidation occurring at high temperature and matrix cracking due to thermo-mechanical ply stresses induced by differential expansion between matrix and fibers or between the various plies. For some years ENSAM has developed for isothermal condition
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Kwok, Kinghong, and Wilson K. S. Chiu. "Open-Air Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes by Laser-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72525.

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Carbon nanotubes have unique mechanical, electronic and thermal properties with applications ranging from reinforced composite materials to micro-scale electronic devices, and are considered one of the next generation advanced engineering materials. In this study, a laser-induced chemical vapor deposition (LCVD) process has been developed that is capable of depositing carbon nanotubes in open-air from a gas mixture consisting of propane and hydrogen. A CO2 laser is used to irradiate the substrate covered with metal nanoparticles, subsequently resulting in the growth of multi-wall carbon nanotu
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Abe, Tomotaka, Ken’ichi Hiratsuka, and Czesław Kajdas. "Tribocatalytic Enhancement of Methane Oxidation." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64034.

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Oxidation reaction of methane is one of the most fundamental reactions in organic chemistry. This reaction is enhanced by silver catalyst [1]. In this study, we confirmed that the catalytic activity of silver is enhanced more by the friction. This effect is called tribocatalysis. In previous studies about tribocatalysis, we have shown that the oxidation reactions of hydrogen [2], carbon monoxide [3] and ethylene were promoted by the friction. According to NIRAM (negative-ion-radical action mechanism) approach, exo-electron emission triggers the promotion of chemical reactions [4]. Insulator su
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Scenna, Richard, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Soot Formation Reaction Effect in Modeling Thermal Partial Oxidation of Jet-A." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32252.

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The results obtained from the modeling of thermal partial oxidation of kerosene based Jet-A fuel are presented using one dimensional chemical modeling. Two detailed kinetic models for alkenes chemistry ranging between C8 to C16 were evaluated and compared against experimental data of thermal partial oxidation of Jet-A fuel. The key difference between these two kinetic models was the inclusion of model for soot formation reactions. Chemical modeling was performed using dodecane to represent Jet-A fuel. The results showed that the model with soot reactions was significantly more accurate in pred
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Ugarte, Sergio, Mohamad Metghalchi, and James C. Keck. "Methanol Oxidation Induction Times Using the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium Method." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-55289.

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Methanol oxidation has been modeled using the Rate-Controlled Constrained-Equilibrium method (RCCE). In this method, composition of the system is determined by constraints rather than by species. Since the number of constraints can be much smaller than the number of species present, the number of rate equations required to describe the time evolution of the system can be considerably reduced. In the present paper, C1 chemistry with 29 species and 140 reactions has been used to investigate the oxidation of stoichiometric methanol/oxygen mixture at constant energy and volume. Three fixed element
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Bisello, Adriano, and Daniele Vettorato. "The latest generation of EU Smart city projects: turning "clean energy for all" into "clean benefits for all." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rpab1969.

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The European Union is in the process of updating its energy policy and legislative framework under the motto “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. This will facilitate the low carbon energy transition, make it fit for the 21st century, and delivering the EU’s Paris Agreement commitments. Besides expected climate-energy benefits, the EU narrative is introducing new elements to persuade citizens and stakeholders to change their perspective, shifting the general perception from mitigation costs to development opportunities. For example, impact assessment of the new directives estimated that they woul
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Hosseini, Vahid, W. Stuart Neill, and M. David Checkel. "Controlling n-Heptane HCCI Combustion With Partial Reforming: Experimental Results and Modeling Analysis." In ASME 2008 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2008-1618.

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One potential method for controlling the combustion phasing of a Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine is to vary the fuel chemistry using two fuels with different auto-ignition characteristics. Although a dual-fuel engine concept is technically feasible with current engine management and fuel delivery system technologies, this is not generally seen as a practical solution due to the necessity of supplying and storing two fuels. Onboard partial reforming of a hydrocarbon fuel is seen to be a more attractive way to realize a dual-fuel concept while relying on only one fuel suppl
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