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Journal articles on the topic 'Radio and Television Broadcasting Act'
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Panuju, Redi. "STRATEGI BERJARINGAN RADIO KOMUNITAS ISLAM MADU FM TULUNGAGUNG." Jurnal Sosiologi Reflektif 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jsr.v12i2.1320.
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The purpose of this study to determine the strategy of community radio broadcasting in particular contestation Madu FM community radio in Tulungagung in East Java Indonesia. Madu FM community radio phenomenon is interesting to study because it is a community radio station that managed to grow in the midst contestation broadcasting. Community radio gets limitation restriction (restriction) of the state through the Broadcasting Act (Act No. 32 of 2002 on Broadcasting). Besides, the community radio still has to compete with the private radio and private television. Madu FM is able to adapt to circumstances without violating the rules. The result is a strategy of community radio broadcasting successfully innovate innovation so that it becomes exist. This research approach is qualitative approach with the method of observation and in-depth interviews. The study was conducted during the period from March to August, 2016.Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui strategi penyiaran radio komunitas khususnya dalam kontes radio komunitas Madu FM di Tulungagung di Jawa Timur Indonesia. Fenomena radio komunitas Madu FM sangat menarik untuk diteliti karena merupakan stasiun radio komunitas yang berhasil tumbuh di tengah penyiaran kontestasi. Radio komunitas mendapat pembatasan pembatasan (pembatasan) negara melalui Undang-Undang Penyiaran (UU No. 32 Tahun 2002 tentang Penyiaran). Selain itu, radio komunitas masih harus bersaing dengan radio swasta dan televisi swasta. Madu FM mampu beradaptasi dengan keadaan tanpa melanggar peraturan. Hasilnya adalah strategi penyiaran radio komunitas berhasil berinovasi inovasi sehingga menjadi ada. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Penelitian dilakukan selama periode dari bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2016.Keywords: Community Radio, contestation, strategies, adaptation and rational choice.
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Doliwa, Urszula. "Transformacja systemu radiofonii w Polsce w kontekście zmian w Europie Wschodniej. Analiza pierwszego procesu koncesyjnego." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.6484.
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This article analyses the first licensing process carried out after the adoption of the Broadcasting Act in Poland in 1992. Great excitement surrounded the award of the first television licenses – especially nationwide licenses. However, this article focuses on an analysis of this process in the case of radio broadcasting. It is based on documents gathered in the Archives of the National Broadcasting Council, particularly on reports of meetings with the candidates for radio broadcasting. The analysis also includes articles published in newspapers. A personal interview with the Vice-Chair of the National Broadcasting Council was also used. The study aimed to determine the shape of the Polish radio market desired by the National Broadcasting Council and the focus of this institution during the first licensing process. The author noted that the Council concentrated on the financial aspects of the submitted applications. This thesis corresponds well with the trend observed by media experts in the transformation of media systems in Eastern Europe in the early 1990s and how market logic prevailed when shaping the new media system.
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Pouperová, Olga. "Organizational Arrangement of an Administrative Authority as a Prerequisite to a due Administration of Competence (Presented on the Council for Radio and Television Broacasting)." International and Comparative Law Review 13, no. 2 (December 1, 2013): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/iclr-2016-0070.
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Abstract Within the structure of public administration there exist administrative authorities with a relatively standardized external and internal organizational arrangement but also administrative authorities which, with regard to their specific competences and other aspects, important during the adoption of the establishing Act by the Parliament, are attributed an exceptional position. In the Czech Republic such case is represented by the Council for Radio and Television Broadcasting. The paper focuses on those problematic aspects of the decision-making process of the Council for Radio and Television Broadcasting that ensue from its organizational arrangement. A certain specific organizational system of an administrative authority may become a source of shortcomings and cause that a decision of an administrative body will fail the judicial review and eventually bring about additional expenses for both the participating addressees of public administration as well as the public administration itself.
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Josephi, Beate, Gail Phillips, and Angela Businoska. "Localism and Networking: A Radio News Case Study." Media International Australia 117, no. 1 (November 2005): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0511700113.
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The Broadcasting Services Act 1992 ushered in a new hands-off approach by government which, in the case of radio, permitted commercial broadcasters to double their investments in individual markets through the two-station policy while removing any onerous commitments to local content. Since then, there has been concern about the flow-on effect this may have had, with Peter Collingwood's 1997 study of commercial radio confirming that levels of local content were reducing as levels of networked content were increasing. He bemoaned the fact that a by-product of the self-regulatory regime was a reduction in the amount of publicly available information against which performance could be gauged. Since 1992, only one detailed study of local radio news has been done, Graeme Turner's 1996 examination of radio and television news in the Brisbane market. Now a parallel study has been conducted in Perth, giving an insight into localism and networking six years later.
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Azwardi, Azwardi. "Implikasi Undang-Undang Penyiaran Terhadap Pertumbuhan Lembaga Penyiaran di Propinsi Kepulauan Riau." Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v5i1.810.
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The growth of broadcasting stations (LP) studied in this thesis is the growth of existing station in Riau Islands Province (Kepri) after officially established of Law Republic of Indonesia Number 32 of 2002 concerning Broadcasting, which in the broadcast legislation looks more leads to liberalism is loaded with privatization that provides opportunities for offenders efforts to expand its business in the broadcasting industry, including in the Kepri. Legal theories used by researchers is a critical legal theory and legal theory flow Critical Legal studies(CLS). This study was conducted to showed that law Broadcasting Act, Article 13 paragraph (1) and (2) has been split into Public Broadcasting Stations (LPP), Private Broadcasting Stations (LPS), Community Broadcasting Stations (LPK) and Subscription Broadcasting Station (LPB). Base to The Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI) of Kepri, the numbers of broadcasting stations listed till 2014 (television and radio services) is 0 LPP, 55 LPS, 23 LPB and 2 LPK. Of these known 69% of the total number of LP in Kepri is LPS. According to critical theory, democracy has influenced the policy direction of the holders of power (broadcasting law) to the interests of capital, and this is in line with the flow of Critical Legal Studies, which states that all regulations set by the government is closely linked to the ideology espoused by the government, so this theory argues that the legal and political (broadcasting legislation) are not in the neutral position. For the current broadcasters to benefit from more focused on improving the public thinks.
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Ellis, Gavin. "2014 UNESCO Lecture: ‘No-one died covering celebrity news’." Pacific Journalism Review 20, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v20i2.172.
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Commentary: We enjoy freedom of speech in New Zealand, even though the Bill of Rights Act guarantee can be over-ridden. We have a variety of privately owned news media, even though the vast majority are owned by overseas interests. We have state-owned radio and television, even though our major television network was freed of its public service broadcasting obligations in order to pursue commercial goals. We have high quality tertiary institutions to train our future journalists, even though the ranks of our newsrooms have been systematically depleted. We have sophisticated telecommunications services, even though only 1 percent of us have optical broadband. The qualifications will not be lost on you. In other words, when I reflect on our good fortune I see that it is tempered by shortcomings, actual and potential. In this address I argue that the shortcomings are increasing and, if unchecked, ultimately threaten the way we function as a society.
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Ksendzuk, A. V., and K. O. Kozlov. "ADAPTIVE CORRELATOR IN NON-EMITTING RADAR SYSTEMS." Issues of radio electronics, no. 3 (March 20, 2019): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2019-3-41-45.
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The paper discusses a new method of processing information in non‑emitting radar systems, whose work is based on the use of a signal from third‑party sources – television and radio broadcasting transmitters, as well as cellular base stations. An adaptive correlator for such radar stations is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of the autocorrelation function (ACF) of a transmitter signal and the adaptive formation of detection areas, based on the properties of the current ACF. Statistical quality parameters were introduced to evaluate the developed method and these parameters were estimated for the DVB‑T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting – Terrestrial) signal, in particular, the achievable characteristics by the side lobes of the lag time uncertainty function for such a signal are shown. It is noted that several adaptive correlators should be simultaneously implemented in non‑radiant radar. The results of processing real data confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Gołębiowski, Jacek. "The Impact of Political Transformations on the Development of Spanish Culture After 1975." Roczniki Humanistyczne 67, no. 2 SELECTED PAPERS IN ENGLISH (October 30, 2019): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rh.2019.68.2-4en.
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The Polish version of the article was published in Roczniki Humanistyczne 61 (2013), issue 2.
The political transformations in Spain that ended with the free parliamentary elections of 15th June 1977 were a powerful catalyst for the activity of the Spanish nation in all walks of life. Between 1975 and 1990 a real revolution took place in the Spanish mass media and in culture. It resulted in the setting up of modern periodicals (among others, El País, El Mundo, Navarra Hoy, Diario la Rioja and many others), over 2,600 radio stations and a network of modern television channels broadcasting programs devoted to the culture and languages of the autonomous communities. The Ministry of Culture established in 1977 supported initiatives promoting the multiculturalism of the Kingdom of Spain, which resulted in the opening of several dozen modern museums, institutes of modern art and the organization of numerous festivals.
The decentralization of the country made it possible to emphasize the multiculturalism of the Spanish autonomous communities that today act as a magnet for 70 million tourists from all over the world.
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Bîlbîie, Răduţ. "The Professionalization of Public Relations in the Romanian Army." International conference KNOWLEDGE-BASED ORGANIZATION 22, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kbo-2016-0069.
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Abstract The communication structures of the Ministry of National Defense have a considerable seniority and have played an important role both in different historical, critical periods for the country (wars, political crises) or institutional building (the forming of the Romanian army, of the modern command structures, etc.) as well as during the transition period after 1989. The first military publication, Observatorul Militar, (Military Observer), was released in 1859, being followed by a few thousands of magazines, newsletters, specialized directories, or during the war years of information and opinion journals such as Romania, organ of the General Headquarters, in the years of World War I, or Soldatul (The Soldier), Santinela (The Sentry), during the years of World War II. One after another, others followed such as: since 1916 Studioul Cinematografic al Armatei (Army Cinema Studio), originally, a photo-cinema structure, then specialized in the documentary film: history, presentation or training, and, since 1940, on public radio frequencies Ora Ostaşului (Ora Armatei), (Soldier’s Hour, Army’s Hour), then since 1968, a television broadcast on public television station broadcasting frequencies, since 1996 the web products (the first web site of an army in Eastern Europe, the first site of a ministry within the Government of Romania). The force and the role of the structures varied from period to period Studioul cinematografic (The Cinematographic Studio) had in 1989, 217 employed people, military and civilians, today there are less than 15), according to the budgets and the importance of what they were given by the management structures. The revolution of December 1989 marked the depoliticization of the communication act and the switch to the professionalization of the specialized structures, transforming their propaganda tools into products and means of Public Relations. The years 1990-1995 have marked this process through: (a) the establishment of structures, (b), staff training (in France, Switzerland, Germany, but especially in the United States), (c) the completion of the first guides, instructions, procedures for the field, (d) the opening of the first course for specialists, (e) the initiation of a quarterly specialized magazine Panoramic militar, (Military Panorama), (f) a code of ethics for practitioners.
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O'Connell, Liz, Geraldine McCarthy, and Irene Hartigan. "311 Older Adults Awareness and Response to Stroke in Ireland." Age and Ageing 48, Supplement_3 (September 2019): iii17—iii65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afz103.200.
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Abstract Background Early recognition of stroke symptoms and immediate response is necessary to ensure timely access to treatment of stroke. However, many individuals fail identify symptoms of stroke or delay in seeking medical attention. The Irish Heart Foundation launched the “Act Fast” campaign which included three waves of broadcasting on national television and radio, throughout 2010 and 2011. Stroke awareness campaigns may have the potential to influence behaviour and response to stroke. Methods A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted. The Stroke Action Test (STAT)1 was used to investigate how participants would respond to specific symptoms of stroke. A convenience sample (n=89) of older adults attending an outpatient clinic in a university teaching hospital completed the questionnaire. The mean age of respondents was 79.6 years (SD =9.3). Results Just 4.5% (n=4) of respondents identified what all 4 letters of FAST represent. Overall, 48% (n=43) of respondents recognised all 6 symptoms of stroke and 100% (n=89) recognised at least 2 symptoms of stroke as per STAT. The stroke symptom most frequently recognised was sudden numbness of the face, arm or leg at 99% (n=88). The stroke symptom least frequently recognised was sudden trouble seeing in one or both eyes at 56% (n=50). Despite this 81% (n=64) of respondents would not respond appropriately to 50% of symptoms of stroke described in the STAT. 52% (n=46) of respondents identified irregular heart beat as a risk factor for stroke. Finally, 29% (n=26) of respondents had heard of thrombolysis while just 2% (n=2) had heard of thrombectomy. Conclusion Awareness of stroke symptoms does not necessarily influence response to stroke in older adults. Future stroke awareness campaigns should consider FAST2 which speaks to treatment (thrombolysis or thrombectomy) as well as time.
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Artes, A. S. "Sites of Television Channels of Cultural and Educational Topics: Experience of “Russia K” and ARTE." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 20, no. 6 (August 11, 2021): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-6-109-121.
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The article presents the outcomes of studying the transformation of audiovisual content in a new technological environment, which is one of the stages of the research project conducted by the Department of Television and Radio Broadcasting of the Journalism Department of Lomonosov Moscow State University. This stage held in July 2019 aims to identify the technological features of the work of the cultural and educational TV channel portals – “Russia K” (domestic channel) and ARTE (French-German channel). Both “Russia K” and ARTE are important media players that have been setting trends in their field for more than 10 years. The reason for comparing these channels was their thematic focus and a certain similarity of projects. The TV channel “Russia K” is the only non-for-profit channel dedicated to the cultural and educational topics in R SMAI, and ARTE TV channel is one of the most popular media specialized in this subject in Europe. During this stage the total amount of analyzed materials is 251 (145 publications on the “Russia K” and 106 on ARTE websites). The analysis of materials published on the Internet is based on following criteria: the number of materials, the nature of the content (broadcast / special), thematic and genre.The analysis of the amount of materials enables tracing the frequency of publication of new articles; data on the nature of the content helps to conclude which materials on the sites are more – on-air or special. Defining thematic and genre originality provides a complete picture of the content being posted.The author concludes that nowadays the Internet versions of the channels have their own faces but are inseparably bound with their television counterparts. The website of the TV channel “Russia K” is a vibrant media with recognizable style and creative presentation. However, in order to strengthen its position, the editors of the site should increase the number of copyright off-air materials and use new interactive genres (tests, quizzes, etc.).The site of the ARTE channel fits into the modern digital space while maintaining the classic presentation. Since most ARTE channel programs are timeless, they correlate very well with the consumer nature of the Internet and the need for educational content. Documentary films – the most common form of ARTE channel programs is in great demand by the audience in the digital environment that wants to quickly learn something important in a simple, vivid and understandable form.The difference between the on-air and non-air versions is largely exaggerated, because sites and channels do not compete with each other but are adjacent and complement each other. Websites enable access to the channel’s content anytime, anywhere, by selecting the desired program. Sites act not only as electronic repositories but also as individual units in the media world providing unique information.
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Zainuri, Ahmad. "PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DI MASYARAKAT." Conciencia 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/conciencia.v19i1.2644.
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Society (society) is a group of people who form a semi-closed (or semi-open) system, where most interactions are between individuals in the group. The variety of education received by students in this community is very much. These include the formation of habits, formation of knowledge, attitudes and interests, as well as moral and religious formation. Education in community education can be said to be indirect education, education carried out unconsciously by the community. And the students themselves consciously or not, they have educated themselves, strengthening their faith and self-confidence in the values of morality and religion in society. That is, the community environment influences the development of students. The influence given by the environment is intentional and accidental. That is, the environment has no specific intentions in influencing the development of students. And the community environment is very influential for children's character development. If the child is in a good community environment, it will also have a good influence on the development of the child's character. Likewise, on the other hand a bad environment can also have a bad influence on children's character development. As parents, they must be smart and smart to choose a good environment for their children, because it will determine the child's character development. Character education as an effort to develop character is an effort made by the world of education to help students understand, care and act in accordance with ethical values. The purpose of character education is to form characters that are implemented in the subject's essential values with the behaviors and attitudes they have. In this case the formation of character, there must be educational networks. Especially in information technology and telecommunications today, one of the factors that have a huge influence on development or vice versa is the destruction of the character of society or the nation is mass media, especially electronic media, with the main actors being television. Actually the magnitude of the role of the media, especially print and radio media, is in the development of national character. The mass media plays a dual role. On the one hand, playing public service advertisements or touching advertisements, on the other hand broadcasts programs/soap operas which actually show negative things, which ultimately are not shunned, instead imitated by the audience. The media must be controlled by the state. The state has an obligation to control all media activities, so that they are in accordance with the goals of the country itself. The legal instruments must be clear and fair. Indonesia itself has a Depkominfo, but only regulates frequency policies, broadcasting rights, and so on. More specifically, there is the Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPI), which was formed more independently, but recognized by the government. KPI is expected to be able to filter media activities (especially television) to suit the country's goals, norms, culture, customs, and of course religion. However, until now, the KPI is considered to be still quite weak in acting (filtering), and so than that, it is very necessary (strength) of the participation of the community in controlling these media.
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Simon, Danielle. "From Radio to Radio-visione." Representations 151, no. 1 (2020): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2020.151.1.1.
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This article investigates a series of experimental television broadcasts undertaken by Italian Fascism’s national broadcasting entity, the Ente Italiano per le Audizioni Radiofoniche, in the years leading up to the Second World War. It explores both the official autarchical policies and the technological limitations that shaped the radio network’s early experiments with television to show that producers’ attitudes regarding medium specificity shaped decisions about programming and musical content. It then suggests that these early sorties into televisual broadcasting left traces that can be seen in the style and political clout of Italian television even today.
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Jiangang, Wang. "Radio and Television Broadcasting and Modernity: A Special Investigation of Radio and Television Broadcasting in the Underdeveloped Areas." Chinese Law & Government 25, no. 4 (December 1992): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/clg0009-4609250481.
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Wedell, George. "Prospects for Television in Europe." Government and Opposition 29, no. 3 (July 1, 1994): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01224.x.
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The Classical Model for Broadcasting Structures in Europe is one based on national autarchy and linguistic exclusivity. The model derives from the introduction of radio broadcasting in the 1920s. As always in the field of communications, developments art supply-led rather than demand-led. Thus the early radio manufacturers established local radio stations to demonstrate their new equipment at a time when governments had not formulated any policies to deal with the new phenomenon.
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Zhang, James J., Dale G. Pease, and Dennis W. Smith. "Relationship between Broadcasting Media and Minor League Hockey Game Attendance." Journal of Sport Management 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 103–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.12.2.103.
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This study assessed the relationship between broadcasting and the attendance of minor league hockey games in terms of 5 media forms: cable television broadcasting, commercial television broadcasting, radio broadcasting, broadcasters, and overall broadcasting media. A random sample of spectators (N= 2,225) responded to a survey on attendance level and media use conducted in the arena during the intermissions of games from 6 second-half 1994-1995 season home games of an International Hockey League (ML) team. CM-square, f-test, and regression analyses revealed that viewing home games on cable television and away games on commercial television, listening to games on radio, and the quality of television and cable broadcasters were all positively associated with attendance, with approximately 6-11% game attendance variance explained. It is concluded that the current broadcasting arrangement is positively related to game attendance in providing information for and increasing the interests of spectators.
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Patterson, Rosalind. "EA Ethnic Radio: Dilemmas of Direction." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100115.
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On 25 March 1986, the government announced its decision on the future of EA ethnic radio and multicultural television. Following consideration of the Report of the Committee of Review of the Special Broadcasting Service (better known as the Connor Report), the Government announced that the Special Broadcasting Service (SBS), founded in 1977 to oversee EA ethnic radio, is to be replaced with a new Special Broadcasting Corporation (SBC).
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Rando, Gaetano. "Broadcasting in Italy: Democracy and Monopoly of the Airwaves." Media Information Australia 40, no. 1 (May 1986): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604000109.
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Australia, as compered with some overseas countries, has a stable and continuous radio and television history. The price has been the creation of an oligopolistic commercial sector which is much stronger than the national broadcaster, the Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Public (community) broadcasting is still confined to a sector starved of funds; public TV still a pipedream. Ethnic radio and multicultural television, through the Special Broadcasting Service, have a short history which is far from smooth and under constant threat for TV to be merged with the ABC.
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Surokim, Surokim, and Tatag Handaka. "Transisi kelembagaan dan isi siaran radio PEMDA menjadi radio publik lokal di Jawa Timur." Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik 27, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/mkp.v27i32014.121-130.
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The existence of Local Government Radio (namely Radio Khusus Pemerintah Daerah, abbreviated as RKPD) in East Java Province, Indonesia faced many problems in post implementing of Broadcasting Act No. 32/2002. This study used constructivism paradigm. The method used in this research is descriptive research with qualitative analysis. This research conducted observation, indepth interview, limited discussion to collect data; complemented with secondary data. The research uses purposive sampling technique. The data analyzed along with data interpretation and narrative report writing. By the research, it is found that RKPD faced complex problems regarding transition of both institutions and broadcasting content programs. Until recent time, RKPD did not have a standard design to be a public radio, both in the institutional aspect and broadcasting content program. In fact, there were various types of institution and legal entities as result of interpreting the act. The Broadcasting content program was also still dominated by the government interest. The program also discussed public issues minimally and gave limited access for the public to participate and engage. Institutional design and broadcasting program should be designed according to act No. 32/2002 as public radio that reflected the interests of public and supporting of public service
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Arslan, Beril, and Dragan Nikodijević. "Public broadcasting in Turkey: Turkish Radio Television Corporation's role in the public broadcasting." Komunikacije, mediji, kultura 11, no. 11 (2019): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gfkm1911071x.
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Matsuo, Eisuke, Hyojung Kweon, Fusayo Asano, and Youko Yoshida. "Gardening Information on Television and Radio in Japan Based on Surveys in 1981 and 1996." HortTechnology 11, no. 2 (January 2001): 323–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.11.2.323.
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Television and radio are efficient means through which Japanese obtain gardening information. Broadcasting stations were surveyed on the status of gardening programming, year of commencement, length and number of programs, and time and day of broadcasting in 1981 and 1996. Surveys showed that gardening programming increased from the middle 1970s and the late 1980s. These periods roughly correspond with the gardening boom in Japan. The length of gardening programs tended to shorten. On television, broadcasting was more concentrated on weekend mornings in 1996 than 1981, while the concentration of the day and time was less on radio.
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Armstrong, Mark. "Deregulation of Radio." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100114.
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Radio programs and advertisements have been greatly deregulated by the Australian Broadcasting Tribunal in the last five years, with very little public controversy. This reflects changes in public attitudes and government perceptions, but most of all the opening of many new stations since 1975. The radio audience is now fragmented, and there is a much greater diversity in radio than in television.
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Burch, James B., Maggie Clark, Michael G. Yost, Cole T. E. Fitzpatrick, Annette M. Bachand, Jaya Ramaprasad, and John S. Reif. "Radio Frequency Nonionizing Radiation in a Community Exposed to Radio and Television Broadcasting." Environmental Health Perspectives 114, no. 2 (February 2006): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8237.
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Aragon-Zavala, Alejandro, Pablo Angueira, Jon Montalban, and Cesar Vargas-Rosales. "Radio Propagation in Terrestrial Broadcasting Television Systems: A Comprehensive Survey." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 34789–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3061034.
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Jeremiah, Koketso. "Promoting Language and Cultural Diversity through the Mass Media: Views of Students at the University of Botswana." European Journal of Social Sciences Education and Research 5, no. 1 (December 30, 2015): 496. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i1.p496-507.
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This study investigates the views of students at the University of Botswana as to whether or not the current situation in which the languages of ethnic minority groups in Botswana are marginalized or excluded for use in the national media such as television, radio and the Botswana Daily News, should continue or not. The study answered the following research questions: 1. What national television and radio stations exist in Botswana? 2. What programmes do these television and radio stations broadcast and with which languages? 3. Is the current situation of broadcasting with regard to the languages used for broadcasting fair, and, if not, what can be done to remedy the situation? It also addressed the following objectives:1. To identify the national television and radio stations which exist in Botswana? 2. To identify the programmes that the existing national television and radio stations broadcast and the languages used to broadcast those programmes. 3. To find out if the current system of broadcasting is fair in terms of the languages used and if it is not, to suggest some measures that can be taken to remedy the situation.The study used qualitative methods. Sampling was done by using purposive sampling. The data collection method used was a questionnaire. A sample of seven (7) students responded to the questionnaire. Three (3) or 43% said the current situation should continue while four (4) or 57% said it should be changed. The conclusion was that the current situation which marginalizes minority ethnic groups should be changed.
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Hadlow, Martin. "‘No Propaganda Will Be Broadcast’: The Rise and Demise of Australian Military Broadcasting." Media International Australia 150, no. 1 (February 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1415000117.
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Radio broadcasting has played an important role as a medium of information, news and entertainment for Australian military personnel in wartime and conflict situations. However, while many nations have comprehensive units tasked to the full-time provision of broadcasting services, such as the Armed Forces Radio and Television Service (AFRTS) in the United States and the British Forces Broadcasting Service (BFBS) in the United Kingdom, Australia has relied on more ad hoc measures. As contingencies have required, the Australian military has introduced radio broadcasting elements into its table of organisation, the most comprehensive having been the Australian Army Amenities Service (AAAS) during World War II. Now, in a new technological era, perhaps specialised radio for troops will fade completely from the agenda.
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Stamm, Michael. "Broadcasting Mainline Protestantism: The Chicago Sunday Evening Club and the Evolution of Audience Expectations from Radio to Television." Religion and American Culture: A Journal of Interpretation 22, no. 2 (2012): 233–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rac.2012.22.2.233.
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AbstractThis article analyzes the broadcast activities of the Chicago Sunday Evening Club (CSEC), a mainline Protestant organization founded in 1908 and still active today. The CSEC began broadcasting its weekly meetings on the radio in 1922 and on television in 1956. Drawing on archival organizational records from the CSEC and from listener correspondence, this essay traces how the club's use of the new media of particular historical moments shaped its history as a public entity.This study makes two claims. First, it argues that, though evangelicals and fundamentalists took to radio and television broadcasting with greater vigor, mainline Protestant groups did as well, and the persistence of a group like the CSEC offers a way to understand the challenges that broadcasting presented to religious organizations. Second, this article shows how audience expectations for religious programming evolved from radio to television. For many listeners, radio offered what they told the CSEC was a spiritual and even miraculous experience, and they marveled at being able to tune in to religious services from their homes. Television, however, prompted remarks often focused on visual style, and the club found itself struggling to compete with the newly emerging group of religious television programs not only on denominational terms (many were evangelicals and fundamentalists) but also on aesthetic terms. In contrast to radio, as many viewers wrote to the CSEC, television seemed to provide not a singular “experience” but rather spectatorial access to events taking place elsewhere. In the context of competition from the more telegenic programming of evangelicals and fundamentalists, these shifting audience expectations shaped both the history of the CSEC as a public entity and the broader history of mainline Protestantism in the mass media.
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Hardy, Jonathan. "UK Television Policy and Regulation, 2000–10." Journal of British Cinema and Television 9, no. 4 (October 2012): 521–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jbctv.2012.0104.
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Between 2000 and 2010, new institutional arrangements were created for UK broadcasting regulation, built upon a radical rethinking of communications policy. This article examines key changes arising from Labour's media policy, the Communications Act 2003 and the work of Ofcom. It argues that changes within broadcasting were less radical than the accompanying rhetoric, and that contradictory tendencies set limits to dominant trends of marketisation and liberalisation. The article explores these tendencies by reviewing the key broadcasting policy issues of the decade including policies on the BBC, commercial public service and commercial broadcasting, spectrum and digital switchover, and new digital services. It assesses changes in the structural regulation of media ownership, the shift towards behavioural competition regulation, and the regulation of media content and commercial communications. In doing so, it explores policy rationales and arguments, and examines tensions and contradictions in the promotion of marketisation, the discourses of market failure, political interventions, and the professionalisation of policy-making.
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Davis, Glyn. "The Irish Media." Media Information Australia 42, no. 1 (November 1986): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604200111.
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Three companies and one trustee own all the major Irish daily newspapers, though there are a number of independent weekly and regional publications. The state, through the Radio Telefis Eireann (the RTE, a public service broadcasting organisation modelled on the BBC but largely funded through advertising), runs all radio and television stations. At least, the state runs all official radio, for since the late 1970s several pirate radio stations have operated from Dublin. The government of Garret FitzGerald has promised to legitimise these stations through new broadcasting legislation.
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Aksoy, A., and K. Robins. "Peripheral Vision: Cultural Industries and Cultural Identities in Turkey." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 29, no. 11 (November 1997): 1937–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a291937.
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We consider recent developments in the cultural industries in Turkey, with particular reference to television broadcasting. We seek to show how recent transformations in the industry have been associated with significant developments in Turkish cultural identity. Historically, broadcasting has existed under the monopoly of the state-run Turkish Radio and Television Authority (TRT), and functioned very much as a voice of the Kemalist ideology of the Republic. From 1990, however, there was a rapid proliferation of illegal, commercial television channels, broadcasting signals from outside the country. This led to a new vitality in Turkish television culture, as the new commercial interests sought to develop programming that would appeal to audiences tired of the ‘official’ fare of TRT. Television began to reflect the popular culture of Turkey in ways that were quite creative. Since 1994, and the passing of new broadcasting legislation, the turbulence of commercialisation has quietened. There has been a degree of concentration in the industry, and commercial programming has become less innovative. The momentum of change has slowed, though it has by no means been halted.
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Kalaycioglu, Elif, and Dragan Nikodijević. "Radio and Television Supreme Council: Regulation on Internet Broadcasting in Turkey." Komunikacije, mediji, kultura 11, no. 11 (2019): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/gfkm1911089x.
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Cormack, Mike. "Book Review: Broadcasting in Irish: Minority, Language, Radio, Television and Identity." Media, Culture & Society 27, no. 1 (January 2005): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016344370502700113.
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O'Neill, Brian. "Book Review: Broadcasting in Irish: Minority Language, Radio, Television and Identity." Irish Journal of Sociology 13, no. 2 (November 2004): 144–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160350401300211.
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Bawono, Bimo Adi, and Rusdianto Roestam. "ANALISIS DAN PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS RADIO DAN TELEVISI SIARAN PROPINSI JAMBI BERBASIS WEB PADA BALAI MONITOR SFR JAMBI." Jurnal Manajemen Sistem Informasi 4, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.33998/jurnalmanajemensisteminformasi.2019.4.2.623.
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The problems that faced by Balai Monitor SFR Kelas II Jambi Office is they have difficulty inlocating, identifying and analyzing of radio frequency interference in radio and televisionbroadcasting. This problem caused by their radio and television broadcasting data still on excelform and not yet available a georgraphic information system which show the location andtechnical data of the radio and television broadcast. The aims of this study are to analyze theneeds of geographic information system required by Balai Monitor SFR Kelas II Jambi Office,then design it using UML (Unifed Modeling Language) and develop it in the form of geographicinformation system webisite using php, maria db, and google map api application. The result ofthis study is a web-based geographic information system for broadcasting radio and televisionin Jambi Province, with location search, identification and analysis of frequency interferencefeatures that have been successfully tested, so it can be used to deal with problems that havebeen faced by Balai Monitor SFR Kelas II Jambi Office
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Putri, Amalia Rosyadi, and Ellyda Retpitasari. "STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI KPID JAWA TIMUR DALAM PENCEGAHAN PENYEBARAN VIRUS CORONA." KOMUNIKE 12, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 146–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/jurkom.v12i2.2662.
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This research is motivated by a phenomenon that occurred in early March 2020, the Indonesian people were shocked by the Corona pandemic outbreak, this outbreak originating from China, finally infecting Indonesian society. Broadcast media, both television and radio, are competing to broadcast the Corona outbreak. Indonesian Broadcasting Commission (KPID) East Java as an independent state institution participates in overcoming panic and efforts to prevent the Corona outbreak. The purpose of this study is to describe and find out the communication strategy of the KPID East Java in preventing the spread of the Corona outbreak. The theory used is the analysis of The Pervasive Presence. The method used is qualitative using a phenomenological approach. The results of this study found that the communication strategy of the KPID East Java in dealing with the spread of the Corona outbreak consisted of three strategies, namely by live talk shows on television and radio, distributing circulars to radio and television broadcasting institutions throughout East Java via email and WhatsApp, and publication of information through social media and public sphere, namely the KPID East Java Instagram. These three communication strategies are part of the task of the KPID East Java in supervising broadcasting institutions and media literacy to the public.
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Scannell, Paddy. "Broadcasting and Day to Day Routine: Britain." Media Information Australia 41, no. 1 (August 1986): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x8604100104.
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Imagine a world without broadcasting. What would we miss if, from tomorrow, say, there were no more radio and television? The nightly news, favourite soaps or comedy series, the ways in which listening and viewing help to pass the time, especially in the evenings or at weekends; the live coverage of big occasions (the Olympics or a royal wedding); the special programs on special days such as Christmas … these losses we might point to quite readily, hut they would not sufficiently account for the effects of the absence of broadcasting. The media are today, one taken for granted element in the day to day life of members of our societies. In this article I want to pay attention to the unobtrusive ways in which broadcasting sustains the lives and routines, from one day to the next, year in year out, of whole populations, and to reflect on some of the implications of these processes. I will try to account for the ways in which the times of radio and television are organised in relation to the social spaces of listening.
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Widyatama, Rendra. "THE TELEVISION BUSINESS IN INDONESIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE OLD REGIME, THE NEW ORDER, AND THE REFORM ERA." Oradea Journal of Business and Economics 3, no. 1 (March 2018): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991ojbe036.
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This article compares the television industry in Indonesia during the reign of the Old Order, the New Order, and the Reform Era. A full review of television broadcasting in all eras is still rarely carried out by Indonesian researchers. The author uses qualitative research methods in the form of comparative studies and library studies based on secondary data. In this comparison, the author focuses on eleven aspects of the problem, namely; the system of broadcasting, ownership, the form of broadcasting institutions, objectives, funding, broadcast coverage, control, and supervision, licensing, press freedom, media content trends, and society in relation to the television industry. The author found that although since independence Indonesia has been based on Pancasila democracy, in every era of government there have been differences in TV broadcasting arrangements. The Old Order period was more dominated by the role of government. This situation continued during the first 20 years of the New Order government, but in the last ten years of the New Order, the private sector dominated the TV industry. This dominance has continued into the reform era and treats society as a market and a political object. During all periods, it is the government which determines to license, and the implementation of the Broadcasting Act is not strictly enforced. A less strict attitude in the implementation of the Broadcasting Act indicates that the country is flexible and endeavours to find ways to compromise with stakeholders.
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Kinal, Jarosław. "Media Market as an Example of a Deregulated Market: Historical and Social Analysis of the Local Media." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n5p146.
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The media market consists of: media (media, ie television, radio and printed press, as well as new media in the domain), their recipcom and filter, and so-called. regulators, that is organizations and institutions that control media activities (note: Internet content is not a regulation format). The National Council of Radio Broadcasting and Television controls the content of television broadcasting and analyzing programs as well as receiving and receiving concessions. The Office of Electronic Communications assigns and controls the subject of technical possibilities of broadcasting radio and television programs. Citizens' organizations that oversee media activities. These include industry organizations, e.g. journalistic associations. The media are businesses. To the fact that in their activity they are guided not only by interest, openness or mission, but also by financial profit. There are three basic ways to fund the media. Public media owned by the public is financed from the subscription and advertising. The money from the subscription is spent on the so-called mission, advertising revenue - for other purposes (eg entertainment programs). Commercial media is financed from private capital and advertising. Social media (do not mistake them for social networking sites). Setting up and running a television or radio station for a very expensive investment. The media market 1 is available only to you. To, that the value of the collection program along with its popularity. Therefore, more people watched the video, the more you have to pay for advertising during this broadcast. To make as much money as possible, senders need to care about the attractiveness of the program. To do it in various ways, e.g. to decide to profile the program. Universal programs are suitable for various types of programs: entertainment, educational, information etc. Thematic programs such as: culture, sport or motorization.Keywords: media, labor market, local media, Poland, open market
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Gede Bagus, Anak Agung. "PERAN RADIO KOMUNITAS DWIJENDRA 107.7 FM DALAM PENGEMBANGAN SIARAN KEARIFAN LOKAL BALI." Jurnal Kajian Ilmu Komunikasi 18, no. 1 (January 16, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46650/jkik.18.1.806.1-8.
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Radio community is one of the broadcasting institutions which legalized the existence of Broadcasting Law No.32 of 2002. According to Broadcasting Law No. 32 of 2002 article 13, providers of broadcast services (television and radio). The problem is how the role of the Dwijendra Radio Community 107.7 FM Broadcast Local Wisdom of Bali, the purpose of this study is to find out how the role of community radio as a medium for the development of local wisdom broadcasts. This research is descriptive qualitative, the subject of this research is the person in charge of broadcasting local wisdom broadcasts, data collection techniques are done by interview techniques, observation techniques, and documentation techniques. The results showed that the role of community radio as an educational medium is manifested in the form of broadcast programs that elevate local culture, manifested through broadcast programs that are arranged and presented in a creatively packaged program. The local wisdom broadcast of Radio Community Dwijendra 107.7 fm is an event Gegitaan. Where the event was broadcast during the daytime 12.05-14.00 wita.
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Lavie, Noa. "Justifying Trash: Regulating Reality TV in Israel." Television & New Media 20, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 219–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476417742970.
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Reality TV is a highly popular but much criticized television genre. However, little has been written about the attitude of state broadcasting authorities toward this genre and the degree to which it is regulated and controlled in different countries. In this article, we focus on the Second Authority for Television and Radio, the public body that oversees commercial broadcasting in Israel, and look at how it controls the volume and content of reality TV programs while considering factors that are unique to Israeli economics and politics. The findings of this article indicate that in Israel, reality television is legitimized de facto despite perception of its moral shortcomings.
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Nursatyo, Nusatyo. "DINAMIKA INTERAKSI AGEN DAN STRUKTUR DALAM MENCEGAH KONSENTRASI KEPEMILIKAN MEDIA TELEVISI." Komuniti: Jurnal Komunikasi dan Teknologi Informasi 8, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/komuniti.v8i1.2937.
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The acquisition PT IDKM by PT EMTEK that have an impact of the unification INDOSIAR and SCTV in the same holding company between period 2011 – 2012, bring a nation-wide discussion about concentration of media television ownership in Indonesia. Broadcast act no.32/2002 with Indonesia Broadcasting Commision as an independent regulatory body considered weak in the face of concentration. This paper provide a comprehensive description about the dynamics interaction between agent and structure of Indonesian broadcasting system particularly in order to organize commercial television media ownership.
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Zhang, Guang Ping, and Yu Qi. "The Space Design of Radio and Television Building in the Digital and Network Era." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.942.
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Broadcasting buildings as the embodiment of high-tech, cutting-edge culture and building on behalf of the type of process rigorous, complex architectural features, the rapid development of high public concern. Digital network era of such architectural features to the evolving content of the article studies the construction of a new era of Broadcasting the core characteristics of the design space - open space complex import and application of new technologies and other related issues with a view to create a fit time, sustainable development and change radio and television building benefits.
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Borisochkin, V. V., Yu A. Fedorov, and A. A. Sokolin. "Use of time and frequency equipment for improving television and radio broadcasting." Measurement Techniques 28, no. 8 (August 1985): 729–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00862549.
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Noni Suharyanti, Ni Putu, and Kadek Endra Setiawan. "PERAN KOMISI PENYIARAN INDONESIA DALAM MENGAWASI PENYELENGGARAAN PENYIARAN PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19." Jurnal Aktual Justice 6, no. 1 (June 14, 2021): 78–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.47329/aktualjustice.v6i1.622.
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In order to support the government in overcoming the Covid-19 outbreak, Komisi Penyiaran Indonesia (KPI) has issued several policies related to broadcasting, especially on television. This policy was taken considering that television is still the media with the most audience reach and has a high duplication power in society. Therefore, in every program broadcast to the public, adherence to health protocols is a must. Based on this, it is necessary to examine in depth the role of KPI in overseeing broadcasting and the synergy between Central and Regional KPIs in overseeing broadcasting during the Covid-19 pandemic. The results showed that the KPI in supervising broadcasting during the Covid-19 pandemic played an optimal role in regulating and supervising broadcast content by issuing policies to broadcast the socialization of prevention of the spread of Covid-19 either through Public Service Ads (ILM) or other programs by television and radio. In addition, KPI also issued KPI Decree (KKPI) Number 12 of 2020 concerning Support of Broadcasting Institutions in Efforts to Prevent and Overcome the Spread of Covid-19. Then to follow up on the Circular on news related to the Covid-19 Virus, the Central KPI along with Regional KPI throughout Indonesia conveyed and reminded all Broadcasting Institutions to remain guided by broadcasting rules in broadcasting institutions to convey useful and accountable information.
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Berland, Jody. "Radio space and industrial time: music formats, local narratives and technological mediation." Popular Music 9, no. 2 (May 1990): 179–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000003895.
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Radio is commonly referred to as a ‘secondary medium’ in the broadcasting industry. The phrase conveys the industry's pragmatic view that no one cares whether you listen to radio so long as you do not turn it off. Since it has been displaced by television, radio is expected to accommodate itself technologically and discursively to every situation. Are you brushing your teeth, turning the corner, buying or selling jeans or entering inventory into the computer? So much the better. Your broadcaster respects the fact that these important activities must come first. Radio is humble and friendly, it follows you everywhere. In any event, television makes more money.
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Vinson, Emily. "Just Say No: Dr Richard I. Evans Efforts to Influence Juvenile Behaviour through US Public Health Programming." VIEW Journal of European Television History and Culture 9, no. 18 (December 24, 2020): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18146/view.221.
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Television as a means of distributing public health information and influencing health behaviours was recognized even in the earliest days of broadcasting, a natural extension of health messaging on radio and film. This paper examines the place health-focused programming held in the United States’ educational television landscape and the role of Dr Richard I. Evans, social-psychology researcher, who sought to use television to influence the behaviours of youths engaging in “risky” activities.
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Zeinalabedini, Asefeh. "The People’s Attitude towards the Language Use in the Local Media Broadcast: A Case Study of Azerbaijani language in Tabriz." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 17, no. 4 (December 2014): 5–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2014.17.4.5.
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This paper aims to describe the barriers of the language development with investigating the influence of an official language on native language that is used in broadcasting media, including television and radio. The data for this study is generated from a local televisionin Tabriz, informal and friendly interviews and communications with audiences. Data analysis is informed by a critical discourse analytic approach. Research’s findings about people’s attitude towards using their native language in the broadcast media suggest that a significat effect of the official language on the native language. The findings are interpreted as the local television and radio are to promote the development of the official language instead of the native/local language. Other results also reveal that the language used in broadcasting local media is not the appropriate version of Azerbaijani, but moves towards more Persian than Azerbaijani.
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Ismail, Ervan, Siti Dewi Sri Ratna Sari, and Yuni Tresnawati. "Regulasi Penyiaran Digital: Dinamika Peran Negara, Peran Swasta, dan Manfaat bagi Rakyat." Jurnal Komunikasi Pembangunan 17, no. 2 (July 19, 2019): 124–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46937/17201926842.
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Digitalization must begin a strong law that is Acts. Based on the records, digital broadcasting regulations using Republic of Indonesia Minister of Communication and Informatics’s regulations could be canceled through lawsuits at Supreme Court and State Administration Court. Broadcast digitalization was begun in 2011 through a digitalization Road Map and till date, the process at House of Representatives has not been completed. 85% of countries in the world have migrated to digital broadcasts. The study aims to describe how changes and various roles in broadcasting digitalization if the revision of the Broadcasting Acts is implemented. The study also aims to find out the impact and benefits of broadcasting digitalization for the public and broadcasting stakeholders compared to present Broadcasting Acts. This study uses participant observation methods and text analysis to categorize the articles of digitalization in the revision draft of the Broadcasting Acts from the House of Representatives Commission I in 2017, accompanied by media coverage analysis. Discourse analysis is used to relate to the problems arised due to broadcast digitalization. The results show that digitalization can provide more channels in the same space than analog broadcasting. Political parties and state institutions will be allowed to have broadcasting institutions. The State through Television Radio of the Republic of Indonesia (RTRI) will become the important player in terrestrial digital broadcasting with a single multiplexer (mux) system, which is considered undemocratic for private television associations. All "television stations" will change and compete to become "content providers" similar to new digital televisions. The government will formulate the mechanisms, socialization, models, roles in digitalizing television broadcasting in a blue print. Digital dividend will be used for the development of internet and telecommunications. The dynamics that occur due to interests’ differences of the state, the private sector and society take part at each stage of broadcasting digitalization regulation. The conclusion of the study illustrates that the use of digital technology in broadcasting through the Acts’ revision could be a solution for both frequency limitation and the efficient use for more diverse broadcasters (diversity of ownership).
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Li, Shan Shan, and Jian Zhou. "Study on Test of DMB-T Signal Based on Software Defined Radio Technique." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 835–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.835.
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With the release of the standard, digital television terrestrial broadcasting is being gradually extended in many places. In order to speed up the extension and the application, also to evaluate the existing digital television terrestrial broadcasting system, we need a easy-to-use signal analysis and measurement system. The traditional signal measurement method is through the special hardware circuit to realize, but that method is high cost, and the system structure is complex and single function. To improve the flexibility of the system , we realize the system based on virtual instrument technology. In hardware section, this thesis described the block diagram of the system and the introduction of the NI vector signal analyzer. In software part, this thesis described the overall test system based on LabVIEW and the realization of the system features multi-threading, each step of synchronization signals achieved. The image Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the result of this system test software system.
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De Bens, Els. "Het recente beleid inzake de audiovisuele media in België." Res Publica 32, no. 2-3 (September 30, 1990): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v32i2-3.18847.
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During recent years, the audiovisual landscape in Belgium has been going through a number of drastic changes.The monopoly of the public broadcasting system, standing for over 40 years, was breached. Several hundreds of private radio stations, two new commercial television stations and a number of private local television stations saw the light. The advent of all these newcomers has created a competitive media system. Therivalry between the public broadcasting companies and the commercial stations is very severe and unfortunately the PBS are imitating the commercial model: they sacrifice more time for fiction and entertainment. Moreover, the Belgian media policy is very permissive and favours commercialisation.