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Journal articles on the topic 'Radio front-end'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Xu, Wei, and Chun Feng Jiang. "Design of Broadband RF Front-End." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 2816–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.2816.

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With the rapid development of communication technology, software radio technology had become more and more widespread. This paper firstly studied the software radio technology, described its key ideas and main technologies, and then analyzed the broadband RF front-end as an important component of the software radio technology, designed the architecture of RF front-end. The experiment result proved it could improve the quality of signal effectively.

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2

Diet, Antoine M., Nicolas Ribière-Tharaud, Martine Villegas, and Geneviève Baudoin. "Front-end HPA/antenna for multi-radio." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 4, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 483–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078712000372.

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This paper focuses on multi-radio front-end transmitter, a function implied by cognitive radio (0.5–6 GHz). S and C bands standards (wireless local and metropolitan area networks) present a challenge, due to the signal modulation schemes (orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM)/WCDMA, wideband code division multiple access) dynamic (tens of dBs), driving us to a mandatory transmitter linearization. The idea is to provide frequency, flexibility, and average power control of a multi-radio high-efficiency front end for such signals (polar/envelope elimination and restoration (EER) structure). The study implies antennas design and average power control demonstration. Based on a switched mode power amplifier (PA), a discrete detuning is possible to adapt the PA at both “WiMAX” and “Wifi5” frequencies. This architecture amplifies signals with amplitude information. This is coded here by the ΣΔ/PWM (pulse width modulation) technique, to present a constant envelope signal. The amplitude information is restored by a pass-band radio frequency (RF) filter. The antenna can be designed with a notch, to reduce the filtering constraints (selectivity and standards coexistences) and to help in the restoration of amplitude information. Average power control is illustrated by voltage supply variation and results are a possible dynamic of 9.5 dB. To complete the analysis, the simulation of the propagation channel, including antennas, with CST (free space, line of sight) is imported under AGILENT-ADS.

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3

Streifinger, M., T. Müller, J. F. Luy, and E. M. Biebl. "A software-radio front-end for microwave applications." Advances in Radio Science 1 (May 5, 2003): 201–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-1-201-2003.

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Abstract. In modern communication, sensor and signal processing systems digitisation methods are gaining importance. They allow for building software configurable systems and provide better stability and reproducibility. Moreover digital front-ends cover a wider range of applications and have better performance compared with analog ones. The quest for new architectures in radio frequency front-ends is a clear consequence of the ever increasing number of different standards and the resulting task to provide a platform which covers as many standards as possible. At microwave frequencies, in particular at frequencies beyond 10 GHz, no direct sampling receivers are available yet. A look at the roadmap of the development of commercial analog-to-digital-converters (ADC) shows clearly, that they can neither be expected in near future. We present a novel architecture, which is capable of direct sampling of band-limited signals at frequencies beyond 10 GHz by means of an over-sampling technique. The wellknown Nyquist criterion states that wide-band digitisation of an RF-signal with a maximum frequency ƒ requires a minimum sampling rate of 2 · ƒ . But for a band-limited signal of bandwidth B the demands for the minimum sampling rate of the ADC relax to the value 2 · B. Employing a noise-forming sigma-delta ADC architecture even with a 1-bit-ADC a signal-to-noise ratio sufficient for many applications can be achieved. The key component of this architecture is the sample-and-hold switch. The required bandwidth of this switch must be well above 2 · ƒ . We designed, fabricated and characterized a preliminary demonstrator for the ISM-band at 2.4 GHz employing silicon Schottky diodes as a switch and SiGe-based MMICs as impedance transformers and comparators. Simulated and measured results will be presented.

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4

Hentschel, T., M. Henker, and G. Fettweis. "The digital front-end of software radio terminals." IEEE Personal Communications 6, no. 4 (1999): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/98.788214.

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5

Wikborg, E. B., V. K. Semenov, and K. K. Likharev. "RSFQ front-end for a software radio receiver." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 3615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.783811.

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6

Hsu, Rick C. J., Ali Ayazi, Bijan Houshmand, and Bahram Jalali. "All-dielectric photonic-assisted radio front-end technology." Nature Photonics 1, no. 9 (August 19, 2007): 535–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2007.145.

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7

Tawk, Y., M. Bkassiny, G. El-Howayek, S. K. Jayaweera, K. Avery, and C. G. Christodoulou. "Reconfigurable front-end antennas for cognitive radio applications." IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 5, no. 8 (2011): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-map.2010.0358.

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8

Ting-Ping Liu and E. Westerwick. "5-GHz CMOS radio transceiver front-end chipset." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 35, no. 12 (December 2000): 1927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4.890306.

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9

Iancu, Daniel, John Glossner, Gary Nacer, Stuart Stanley, Vitaly Kolashnikov, and Joe Hoane. "Software defined radio platform with wideband tunable front end." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 4, no. 1 (January 11, 2015): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v4i1.4160.

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The paper presents a Software Defined Radio (SDR) development platform with wideband tunable RF (Radio Frequency) front end. The platform is based on the SB3500 Multicore Multithreaded Vector Processor and it is intended to be used for a wide variety of communication protocols as: Time Division Duplexing/Frequency Division Duplexing Long Term Evolution (TDD/FDD LTE), Global Positioning System (GPS), Global System for Mobile/General Packet Radio Service (GSM/GPRS), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Legacy Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). As an example, we describe briefly the implementation of the LTE TDD/FDD communication protocol. As far as we know, this is the only LTE category 1 communication protocol entirely developed and executed in software (SW), without any hardware (HW) accelerators.

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10

Tan, G. H. "The multi frequency front end: a new type of front end for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 131 (1991): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100013038.

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AbstractThe Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope will be equipped with new front ends. These front ends will cover 8 frequency bands in the range from 250 MHz to 8.6 GHz. For the frequency bands above 1.2 GHz the sensitivity of the instrument will be drastically improved. Two independent local oscillator systems make it possible to observe in two frequency bands simultaneously.

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11

O.Owojori, Adedotun, Temidayo O. Otunniyi, and Erastus O. Ogunti. "Digital Front-End for Software Defined Radio Wideband Channelizer." Communications on Applied Electronics 1, no. 6 (April 25, 2015): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/cae-1570.

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12

Emmanuel Djoumessi, Erick, and Ke Wu. "Tunable Diplexer for Cognitive Radio RF Front-end Modules." Universal Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering 2, no. 7 (September 2014): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.13189/ujeee.2014.020703.

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13

Budroweit, Jan. "Software-defined radio with flexible RF front end for satellite maritime radio applications." CEAS Space Journal 8, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12567-016-0121-9.

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14

Pan, De Min, Wen Jing Shang, Nan Wang, and Rublev Victor. "RF Front-End Design and Implementation Based on Application of Software Radio." Applied Mechanics and Materials 577 (July 2014): 957–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.577.957.

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Digitizing architecture of band-pass sampling at IF(Intermediate Frequency) is a kind of software radio structure of high practical value. One kind of application in the digitizing architecture of band-pass sampling at IF of RF (Radio Frequency) front-end hardware is designed in this paper. The experimental results show that this kind of RF front-end has great practical value and research significance.

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15

Mansour, Marwa, R. S. Ghoname, and Abdelhalim Zekry. "A Passive Front End of Radio Transceivers for LTE Bands." International Journal of Computer Applications 114, no. 8 (March 18, 2015): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/20001-1757.

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16

Zhang, Bing, and Herbert Zirath. "A Metallic 3-D Printed E-Band Radio Front End." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, no. 5 (May 2016): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2016.2548982.

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17

Herrero, P., and J. Schoebel. "60 GHz radio front end demonstrator with Quality of Service." Electronics Letters 46, no. 14 (2010): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.0637.

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18

Hussaini, A. S., I. T. E. Elfergani, J. Rodriguez, and R. A. Abd-Alhameed. "Efficient multi-stage load modulation radio frequency power amplifier for green radio frequency front end." IET Science, Measurement & Technology 6, no. 3 (2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-smt.2011.0127.

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19

Ding, Ji Cheng, Lin Zhao, Shuai He Gao, Li Xiong Xia, and Jun Ling Zhang. "Design and Implementation of RF Front-End for GPS Receiver Utilizing Discrete Components." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 1330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.1330.

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A GPS radio frequency (RF) front-end based on discrete components is designed and implemented in this paper. Research on the structures of RF front-ends for GPS receivers, and an intermediate frequency (IF) digitalization front-end is expounded in details. Analyze the design considerations of filter bandwidth, sampling frequency, quantization bits, and automatic gain control, which would effect on the whole performance of RF front-end. Then, appropriate discrete components are selected, and a low IF RF front-end hardware platform with orthogonal structure is implemented. Test results indicate that the hardware platform combined with base-band module could effectively complete signals acquisition.

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20

Hashimoto, Ken Ya, Hideki Hirano, Shuji Tanaka, and Masayoshi Esashi. "Functional RF Devices Powered by MEMS Technologies." Advances in Science and Technology 81 (September 2012): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.81.75.

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This paper discusses use of MEMS technologies in radio frequency (RF) frontend. First, configuration of RF front-end in current wireless communication systems is surveyed, and research trends of the flexible RF front-end and software defined radio (SDR) are discussed. Second, various RF tunable filters are introduced, and we discuss how high performances are expected by the use of tunable RF surface and bulk acoustic wave (SAW/BAW) filters provided that above mentioned key technologies are developed. Finally, our attempts for realization of tunable RF SAW/BAW filters are introduced.

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21

Bartsch, Sebastian T., A. Rusu, and Adrian M. Ionescu. "A single active nanoelectromechanical tuning fork front-end radio-frequency receiver." Nanotechnology 23, no. 22 (May 10, 2012): 225501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/22/225501.

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22

Barras, D., F. Ellinger, H. Jackel, and W. Hirt. "A robust front-end architecture for low-power UWB radio transceivers." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 54, no. 4 (June 2006): 1713–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2006.872075.

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23

van Zeijl, P. T. M., J. H. Visser, and L. K. Nanver. "FM radio receiver front-end circuitry with on-chip SAW filters." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 35, no. 3 (1989): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.44311.

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24

Koley, Santasri, and Debjani Mitra. "A COMPACT DUAL-BAND RECONFIGURABLE OPEN-END SLOT ANTENNA FOR COGNITIVE RADIO FRONT END SYSTEM." Progress In Electromagnetics Research C 58 (2015): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierc15051703.

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25

Rehman, Saeed Ur, Shafiq Alam, and Iman T. Ardekani. "An Overview of Radio Frequency Fingerprinting for Low-End Devices." International Journal of Mobile Computing and Multimedia Communications 6, no. 3 (July 2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmcmc.2014070101.

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RF fingerprinting is proposed as a means of providing an additional layer of security for wireless devices. A masquerading or impersonation attacks can be prevented by establishing the identity of wireless transmitter using unique transmitter RF fingerprint. Unique RF fingerprints are attributable to the analog components (digital-to-analog converters, band-pass filters, frequency mixers and power amplifiers) present in the RF front ends of transmitters. Most of the previous researches have reported promising results with an accuracy of up to 99% using high-end receivers (e.g. Giga-sampling rate oscilloscopes, spectrum and vector signal analysers) to validate the proposed techniques. However, practical implementation of RF fingerprinting would require validation with low-end (low-cost) devices that also suffers from impairments due to the presence of analog components in the front end of its receiver. This articles provides the analysis and implementation of RF fingerprinting using low-cost receivers and challenges associated with it.

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26

Diaz, Isael, Chenxin Zhang, Lieven Hollevoet, Jim Svensson, Joachim Rodrigues, Leif Wilhelmsson, Thomas Olsson, Liesbet Van der Perre, and Viktor Öwall. "A new digital front-end for flexible reception in software defined radio." Microprocessors and Microsystems 39, no. 8 (November 2015): 889–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2015.03.001.

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27

Chakraborty, S., K. Lim, A. Sutono, E. Chen, S. Yoo, A. Obatoyinbo, S. W. Yoon, et al. "A 2.4-GHz radio front end in RF system-on-package technology." IEEE Microwave Magazine 3, no. 2 (June 2002): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmw.2002.1004056.

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28

Lin, Kuan-Ting, Tao Wang, and Shey-Shi Lu. "A 0.8–6 GHz Wideband Receiver Front-End for Software-Defined Radio." Active and Passive Electronic Components 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/725075.

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29

Nordholt, E. H., H. C. Nauta, and C. A. M. Boon. "A High-Dynamic-Range Front End for an Upconversion Car-Radio Receiver." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 20, no. 3 (June 1985): 688–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.1985.1052369.

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30

Thombre, Sarang, Nikolay N. Tchamov, Simona Lohan, Mikko Valkama, and Jari Nurmi. "Effects of Radio Front-end PLL Phase Noise on GNSS Baseband Correlation." Navigation 61, no. 1 (March 2014): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/navi.54.

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31

Tawk, Y., J. Costantine, K. Avery, and C. G. Christodoulou. "Implementation of a Cognitive Radio Front-End Using Rotatable Controlled Reconfigurable Antennas." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 59, no. 5 (May 2011): 1773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2011.2122239.

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32

Italia, A., F. Carrara, A. Scuderi, E. Ragonese, C. D. Presti, G. Sapone, and G. Palmisano. "Radio-frequency front-end for 5 GHz wireless local area network transceivers." IET Circuits, Devices & Systems 2, no. 5 (2008): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-cds:20080018.

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33

Michael, Navin, A. P. Vinod, Christophe Moy, and Jacques Palicot. "Flexibility and Reusability in the Digital Front-End of Cognitive Radio Terminals." Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 30, no. 4 (May 4, 2011): 799–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-011-9306-9.

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34

Sadhu, Bodhisatwa, Martin Sturm, Brian M. Sadler, and Ramesh Harjani. "Passive Switched Capacitor RF Front Ends for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radios." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/947373.

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This paper explores passive switched capacitor based RF receiver front ends for spectrum sensing. Wideband spectrum sensors remain the most challenging block in the software defined radio hardware design. The use of passive switched capacitors provides a very low power signal conditioning front end that enables parallel digitization and software control and cognitive capabilities in the digital domain. In this paper, existing architectures are reviewed followed by a discussion of high speed passive switched capacitor designs. A passive analog FFT front end design is presented as an example analog conditioning circuit. Design methodology, modeling, and optimization techniques are outlined. Measurements are presented demonstrating a 5 GHz broadband front end that consumes only 4 mW power.

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35

Petrocchi, Alessandra, Antonio Raffo, Gianni Bosi, Gustavo Avolio, Davide Resca, Giorgio Vannini, and Dominique Schreurs. "An Ultra-Wideband Sensing Board for Radio Frequency Front-End in IoT Transmitters." Electronics 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2019): 1191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8101191.

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The upcoming technologies related to Internet of Things will be characterized by challenging requirements oriented toward the most efficient exploitation of the energy in electronic systems. The use of wireless communications in these devices makes this aspect particularly important, since the performance of radio transceivers is strongly dependent on the environmental conditions affecting the antenna electrical characteristics. The use of circuits capable of adapting themselves to the actual state of the environment can be a valuable solution, provided that the implemented sensing features have negligible impact on the overall performance and cost of the system. In this work, we present the design and verification of an innovative ultra-wideband sensing board to detect real-time variations of the antenna impedance in transmitters oriented to Internet of Things applications. The proposed sensing board was widely validated by means of small- and large-signal measurements carried out at microwave frequencies.

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36

Abid, Muhammad, Usman Khalid, and Owais Owais. "A New Sensing Antenna for Cognitive Radio Front End and Wireless Communication Systems." International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge 3, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12983/ijsrk-2015-p0172-0180.

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37

Marshall, P. F. "Cognitive radio as a mechanism to manage front-end linearity and dynamic range." IEEE Communications Magazine 47, no. 3 (March 2009): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2009.4804391.

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38

Selim, Bassant, Sami Muhaidat, Paschalis C. Sofotasios, Arafat Al-Dweik, Bayan S. Sharif, and Thanos Stouraitis. "Radio-Frequency Front-End Impairments: Performance Degradation in Nonorthogonal Multiple Access Communication Systems." IEEE Vehicular Technology Magazine 14, no. 1 (March 2019): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mvt.2018.2867646.

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39

You, Bin, Bo Yang, Xuan Wen, and Liangyu Qu. "Implementation of Low-Cost UHF RFID Reader Front-Ends with Carrier Leakage Suppression Circuit." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/135203.

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A new ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) reader’s front-end circuit which is based on zero-IF, single antenna structure and composed of discrete components has been designed. The proposed design brings a significant improvement of the reading performance by adopting a carrier leakage suppression (CLS) circuit instead of a circulator which is utilized by most of the conventional RF front-end circuit. Experimental results show that the proposed design improves both the sensitivity and detection range compared to the conventional designs.

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40

Ayari, E., and R. Tielert. "Front End Schaltung zur Online Auswertung von EKG-Signalen." Advances in Radio Science 5 (June 13, 2007): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-5-197-2007.

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Abstract. Ein mobiles EKG-System zur Online Auswertung von EKG-Signalen wird dargestellt. Die Auswertung beruht auf ein energiesparendes Verfahren, das den Vorteil einer zulässigen Unterabtastung des Signals bietet und eine Interaktion zwischen der messenden Elektronik und dem funkgebundenen Auswertungsrechner ermöglicht. Diese Interaktion besteht darin, sowohl die Front End Schaltung im EKG-Sensor als auch den im ATmega8L eingebetteten A/D-Wandler vom Auswertungsrechner zu steuern und den Datenbedarf des Rechners dynamisch an die Erfordernisse des Analyseprogramms anzupassen. Das entwickelte EKG-System liefert erfolgreiche Charakterisierungen erfasster Elektrokardiogramme. A mobile ecg-system for an online analysis of electrocardiogram signals is presented. The analysis is based on an energy-saving procedure, which offers the advantage of an acceptable undersampling of the signal, and which allows an interaction between the measuring electronic and the radio-bound analysis-computer. In this interaction both the front-end circuit in the ecg-sensor and the A/D converter, which is embedded in the ATmega8L, are steered by the analysis computer. The data requirement of the computer is also dynamically adapted to the requirements of the analysis-program. The developed ecg-system supplies successful characterisations of measured electrocardiograms.

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41

Hu, Leo, and Sze Pei Lim. "Ultra-low Residue Flux Applications in RF Front-End Packages." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000125.

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Abstract With the leap into the 5G era, the demand for improvements in the performance of mobile phones is on the rise. This is also true for the quantity of radio frequency (RF) front-end integrated circuits (ICs), especially for RF switches and low noise amplifiers (LNA). It is well-known that improvements in performance depend on the combination of new design, package technology, and choice of materials. Ultra-low residue (ULR) flux is an innovative, truly no-clean, flip-chip bonding material. By using ULR flux, the typical water-wash cleaning process can be removed and, in some instances, package reliability can be improved as well. This simplified assembly process will help to reduce total packaging costs. This paper will discuss the application of ULR fluxes on land grid arrays (LGAs) and quad-flat no-leads/dual-flat no-leads (QFN/DFN) packages for RF front-end ICs, as well as the reflow process. The solder joint strength and reliability study will be shared as well.

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42

de Figueiredo, Felipe A. P., Ruben Mennes, Irfan Jabandžić, Xianjun Jiao, and Ingrid Moerman. "A Baseband Wireless Spectrum Hypervisor for Multiplexing Concurrent OFDM Signals." Sensors 20, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 1101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20041101.

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The next generation of wireless and mobile networks will have to handle a significant increase in traffic load compared to the current ones. This situation calls for novel ways to increase the spectral efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a wireless spectrum hypervisor architecture that abstracts a radio frequency (RF) front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends. The proposed architecture has the ability to enable flexible spectrum access in existing wireless and mobile networks, which is a challenging task due to the limited spectrum programmability, i.e., the capability a system has to change the spectral properties of a given signal to fit an arbitrary frequency allocation. The proposed architecture is a non-intrusive and highly optimized wireless hypervisor that multiplexes the signals of several different and concurrent multi-carrier-based radio access technologies with numerologies that are multiple integers of one another, which are also referred in our work as radio access technologies with correlated numerology. For example, the proposed architecture can multiplex the signals of several Wi-Fi access points, several LTE base stations, several WiMAX base stations, etc. As it able to multiplex the signals of radio access technologies with correlated numerology, it can, for instance, multiplex the signals of LTE, 5G-NR and NB-IoT base stations. It abstracts a radio frequency front-end into a configurable number of virtual RF front ends, making it possible for such different technologies to share the same RF front-end and consequently reduce the costs and increasing the spectral efficiency by employing densification, once several networks share the same infrastructure or by dynamically accessing free chunks of spectrum. Therefore, the main goal of the proposed approach is to improve spectral efficiency by efficiently using vacant gaps in congested spectrum bandwidths or adopting network densification through infrastructure sharing. We demonstrate mathematically how our proposed approach works and present several simulation results proving its functionality and efficiency. Additionally, we designed and implemented an open-source and free proof of concept prototype of the proposed architecture, which can be used by researchers and developers to run experiments or extend the concept to other applications. We present several experimental results used to validate the proposed prototype. We demonstrate that the prototype can easily handle up to 12 concurrent physical layers.

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43

Borio, Daniele, Emanuele Angiuli, Raimondo Giuliani, and Gianmarco Baldini. "Robust Spectrum Sensing Demonstration Using a Low-Cost Front-End Receiver." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/464982.

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Spectrum Sensing (SS) is an important function in Cognitive Radio (CR) to detect primary users. The design of SS algorithms is one of the most challenging tasks in CR and requires innovative hardware and software solutions to enhance detection probability and minimize low false alarm probability. Although several SS algorithms have been developed in the specialized literature, limited work has been done to practically demonstrate the feasibility of this function on platforms with significant computational and hardware constraints. In this paper, SS is demonstrated using a low cost TV tuner as agile front-end for sensing a large portion of the Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) spectrum. The problems encountered and the limitations imposed by the front-end are analysed along with the solutions adopted. Finally, the spectrum sensor developed is implemented on an Android device and SS implementation is demonstrated using a smartphone.

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44

Bleiders, M., A. Berzins, N. Jekabsons, K. Skirmante, and Vl Bezrukovs. "Low-Cost L-Band Receiving System Front-End for Irbene RT-32 Cassegrain Radio Telescope." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 56, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2019-0019.

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Abstract Irbene RT-32 radio telescope is one of the main instruments operated by Ventspils International Radio Astronomy Center (VIRAC), which is used for participation in VLBI and single-dish mode observations, including European VLBI Network (EVN) and other astronomy projects such as recently started research on small bodies of solar system, which involves weak spectral line detection at L-band. Since start of the operation as a radio telescope, single C-X band receiver has been available at RT-32, but regular demand for L-band frequencies has been received due to its importance in spectral line science. In case of RT-32 geometry, optimum dimensions of L-band feed antenna system are inconveniently large and its installation without significant feed cone rebuilding is complicated. While work is currently ongoing to redesign the feed cone for multiple receiver support and to develop high performance L-band feed system, temporal, compact and low-cost receiver has been built and installed laterally to secondary focus, which in sense of performance and functionality has been proven to be appropriate for most of the current needs. Receiver is based on small parabolic reflector allowing one to use a compact dual circular polarized horn antenna, which together with a Cassegrain antenna forms a three-mirror system. Front-end is uncooled that allows reducing operational and maintenance costs, while still providing acceptable noise performance. Practical tests show average overall sensitivity of 750 Jy at 1650 MHz in terms of system effective flux density (SEFD). The paper describes the development of the receiver and presents the main results of performance characterization obtained at Irbene RT-32.

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Koley, Santasri, Himanshu Pant, and Lakhindar Murmu. "Half-Elliptical UWB Planar Monopole with Reconfigurable Slot Antenna for Cognitive Radio Front-End." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 27, no. 13 (August 3, 2018): 1850213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126618502134.

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In this paper, a half-elliptical disc ultra-wideband (UWB) monopole antenna integrated with a reconfigurable rectangular slot antenna is presented. It consists of a half-elliptical disc radiator to operate in the UWB mode whereas the etched rectangular slot on the half-elliptical patch is designed to operate as a reconfigurable narrowband slot antenna which is fed through a microstrip line from the back side of the patch. Both the antennas are placed in such a way that they are isolated to each other. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by inserting three lumped elements (two PIN diodes and a varactor diode) in the slot. An approximate transmission line model of the proposed slot antenna is derived to calculate the proper positioning of the diodes, and the design has been verified through numerical simulations. The simple compact proposed antenna covers a wide frequency range from 0.75 to 12[Formula: see text]GHz. Additionally, a wide tuning range from 0.8 to 2.9[Formula: see text]GHz (with the frequency ratio of 3.625:1) has been achieved. This compact integrated antenna is a good choice to be implemented in Cognitive Radio (CR) devices.

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Hui Teo, T., and Wooi Gan Yeoh. "Low-Power Short-Range Radio CMOS Subharmonic RF Front-End Using CG-CS LNA." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 55, no. 7 (July 2008): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.921578.

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Rogers, J. W. M., and C. Plett. "A 5-GHz radio front-end with automatically Q-tuned notch filter and VCO." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 38, no. 9 (September 2003): 1547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2003.815915.

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Ueda, Masanori, Masafumi Iwaki, Tokihiro Nishihara, Yoshio Satoh, and Ken-ya Hashimoto. "Nonlinear Distortion of Acoustic Devices for Radio-Frequency Front-End Circuit and Its Suppression." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 49, no. 7 (July 20, 2010): 07HD12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.49.07hd12.

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Hikita, M., and T. Akagi. "Single balanced mixer for SAW front-end module used in 800 MHz cellular radio." Electronics Letters 28, no. 22 (1992): 2037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19921305.

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Guo, Ning Yan, Yan Zhao, and Tian Xing Chu. "Galileo E5 Signal Acquisition and Tracking Based on a Wide-Band Customized Universal Peripheral N210 Platform." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2686.

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GNSS navigation has its own advantages which make researchers focus on how to effectively receive and process GNSS signals. This typically needs to utilize flexible specialized radio frequency front-ends, and we need to investigate novel software solutions. Due to the good performance of the Galileo E5 signal, the study of its acquisition, tracking and multipath mitigation has become increasingly significant. This paper has developed a customized 100MHz wide-band GNSS front-end. Three wide-band datasets of Galileo E5 signal were collected for case study. Final acquisition and tracking results of Galileo E5a signal successfully verified this customized RF front-end usability. It offers great potential for further studying the multi-constellation GNSS compatibility and interoperability to achieve high accuracy and continuity of GNSS navigation.

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