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1
Knowles, Sima Kaur. "Radio & development : access and uses of the radio public sphere by rural Baganda women." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434711.
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This thesis examines ways in which radio stations serve the development 'needs' of rural Baganda women in Uganda. The thesis argues that a new participatory public sphere has been created in Uganda with the rise of commercial radio stations, with important implications for social development. These conclusions are drawn from an analysis of media liberalisation and globalisation in Uganda, informed by communication development theories and the theory of the Public Sphere. The thesis, examines the African Public sphere and the way that Uganda's vibrant oral culture has fostered the rapid expansion of radio services in the region. It unpacks 'development' as a concept, exploring its relationship to radio services in Africa and Uganda in particular. The thesis concludes that as part of the push for 'development', media liberalisation has led to haphazard licensing of radio frequencies with no proper spectrum planning. It has also seen the growing influence of commercial radio stations like Radio Simba. Using content analysis of the programme schedules of Radio Simba and the publicly funded Radio Uganda, the thesis examines the quality and nature of radio programmes available to rural Baganda women. Drawing on interviews and participant observation with radio producers and government representatives, it concludes that in places like Uganda, where national broadcasters are too close to governments, their public service role is limited. The thesis asserts that Radio Simba partly fills this role. U sing focus group discussions and in-depth interviews, the study goes on to examine the access and uses of radio by rural Baganda women for development. It concludes that rural communities use radio to inform, enhance farming practices, health promotion and human rights campaigns. Radio also has a 'psychosocial' purpose, enabling a redefining of Ugandan identity through music and 'local' programming. The thesis ends by describing some of the moral panic created as a result of the presence of this new global public sphere in Uganda, and the limited nature of Ugandan academic debate about the changing nature of public service broadcasting.
2
Fuel, Isaias Carlos. "Perceived usefulness of agricultural information sought on-line and broadcast in rural Mozambique: a case study of two Community Multimedia Centres (CMCs)." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007240.
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The wealth of information available on the Internet holds the potential to aid development in Africa. In order to be effective, such information needs to be contextualised to respond to local needs and practices. The combination of old and new media can support uptake and improve acceptance of new technologies in developing countries. The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the perceived usefulness of agricultural information sought on-line and broadcast via community radio in the two Community Multimedia Centres (CMCs) of Namaacha and Murrombene, in rural Mozambique. The data was generated from focus group discussion, individual interview, document analysis, and observation involving farmers and radio presenters. The study has shown that on-line agricultural information responds to the needs of the farmers because it contributes to eliminate pests and help farmers to make decisions about their activities. The study has also shown that there is a communication gap between farmers, extension workers, and volunteer reporters working at the community radios of the two CMCs. Volunteers have no agricultural knowledge. The problem this creates manifests itself primarily when they try to translate on-line agricultural information from Portuguese into local languages. Farmers have difficulties expressing their problems. Extension workers are not available to act as experts and mediators between volunteers and farmers. A collaborative website focusing on locally relevant content was suggested as a possible improvement.
3
Gómez-Villavicencio, Diego-Antonio. "El impacto social de la radio comunitaria La Voz del Allincapac en Macusani." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2016. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3702.
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La presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer qué opinan los oyentes sobre una radio comunitaria y su impacto en el desarrollo local: La Voz del Allincapac del distrito de Macusani, provincia de Carabaya, región Puno, en Perú.Trabajo de investigación
4
van, Vuuren Catharina Cornelia Maria (Kitty), and n/a. "Community Participation in Australian Community Broadcasting: A Comparative Study of Rural, Regional and Remote Radio." Griffith University. School of Arts, Media and Culture, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040720.153812.
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This study investigates the relationship between media and democracy with a particular focus on Australian community broadcasting. I put forward the thesis that the value and purpose of community broadcasting are located in its community development function, rather than in its ability to transmit alternative information. This suggests that an analysis should emphasise community rather than media. Community development promotes the empowerment of ordinary people so that they can confidently participate in management and decision-making - that is, the procedures and norms that underpin democratic practices. In the case of community media, the relationship between democracy and media is located primarily in its volunteers. To understand this relationship, I link together concepts of the public sphere and social capital. The public sphere is understood as multiple and diverse and linked to other publics via the web of relationships forged among people with shared interests and norms. I argue that a community public sphere should be understood as a cultural resource and managed as a common property. The public sphere is thus conceived to have a more or less porous boundary that serves to regulate membership. Understood as a bounded domain, the public sphere can be analysed in terms of its ideological structure, its management practices and its alliances with other publics. This approach also allows for a comparison with other similar public spheres. The study identifies two main ideological constellations that have shaped the development of Australian community broadcasting - professionalism and community development, with the former gaining prominence as the sector expands into rural and regional communities. The ascendancy of professional and quasi-commercial practices is of concern as it can undermine the community development potential of community broadcasting, a function that appears to be little understood and one which has attracted little research. The study presents a case study of three regional and remote rural community radio stations and compares them from a social capital perspective. Social capital is a framework for understanding the relationship between the individual and the community and explores this relationship in terms of participation in networks, reciprocal benefits among groups and individuals and the nature of active participation. Demographic and organisational structures of the three stations are also compared. By taking this approach, each station's capacity for community development and empowerment is addressed. The results of the fieldwork reveal that the success of a community radio station is related to 'community spirit' and demographic structure. They reveal that the community radio station in the smallest community with the lowest per capita income was best able to meet the needs of its community and its volunteers.
5
van, Vuuren Catharina Cornelia Maria (Kitty). "Community Participation in Australian Community Broadcasting: A Comparative Study of Rural, Regional and Remote Radio." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366371.
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This study investigates the relationship between media and democracy with a particular focus on Australian community broadcasting. I put forward the thesis that the value and purpose of community broadcasting are located in its community development function, rather than in its ability to transmit alternative information. This suggests that an analysis should emphasise community rather than media. Community development promotes the empowerment of ordinary people so that they can confidently participate in management and decision-making - that is, the procedures and norms that underpin democratic practices. In the case of community media, the relationship between democracy and media is located primarily in its volunteers. -- To understand this relationship, I link together concepts of the public sphere and social capital. The public sphere is understood as multiple and diverse and linked to other publics via the web of relationships forged among people with shared interests and norms. I argue that a community public sphere should be understood as a cultural resource and managed as a common property. The public sphere is thus conceived to have a more or less porous boundary that serves to regulate membership. Understood as a bounded domain, the public sphere can be analysed in terms of its ideological structure, its management practices and its alliances with other publics. This approach also allows for a comparison with other similar public spheres. -- The study identifies two main ideological constellations that have shaped the development of Australian community broadcasting - professionalism and community development, with the former gaining prominence as the sector expands into rural and regional communities. The ascendancy of professional and quasi-commercial practices is of concern as it can undermine the community development potential of community broadcasting, a function that appears to be little understood and one which has attracted little research. -- The study presents a case study of three regional and remote rural community radio stations and compares them from a social capital perspective. Social capital is a framework for understanding the relationship between the individual and the community and explores this relationship in terms of participation in networks, reciprocal benefits among groups and individuals and the nature of active participation. Demographic and organisational structures of the three stations are also compared. By taking this approach, each station's capacity for community development and empowerment is addressed. -- The results of the fieldwork reveal that the success of a community radio station is related to 'community spirit' and demographic structure. They reveal that the community radio station in the smallest community with the lowest per capita income was best able to meet the needs of its community and its volunteers.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Arts, Media and Culture
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6
Myers, Mary. "Educational and developmental radio for rural women : understanding broadcasters and listeners in a case study of Eritrea." Thesis, University of Reading, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501312.
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Rural African women's disadvantaged position in relation to accessing developmental information and participating in education is well-known. It has been posited that radio broadcasting is potentially a tool which could help overcome some of their disadvantages. Through an empirical case-study of radio broadcasting in Eritrea, the research examines the extent to which radio is fulfilling this potential educational and developmental role in relation to rural women. The practical and socio-cultural factors influencing the production of educational and developmental programmes by broadcasters as well as the meaning and attraction that such programmes hold for listeners.
7
Ogunlade, Abimbola Adegoke. "Comparative cost-benefit analysis of renewable energy resources for rural community development in Nigeria / A.A. Ogunlade." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/2646.
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Rural development by means of providing uninterruptible power supply has become a priority among developing countries. Nigeria especially has on its top agenda the mandate to provide clean and cost-effective means of energy to the rural communities, hardest hit by wave of incessant outages of electricity supply. Renewable Energy (RE), a clean form of energy that can be derived from natural sources is widely available throughout Nigeria but is not harnessed.
In this dissertation a Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) framework is proposed for renewable energy towards rural community development in Nigeria as indicated in the 18-point recommendations of Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN). Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis tool is formulated and developed from the CBA framework in order to analyze comparatively the costs and intangible benefits of renewable energy projects for rural application. A case study demonstrating the working methodology of the proposed framework is presented in order to establish the cost-benefit components by assessing the comparative cost-benefit analysis of RE at a rural site of Nigeria.
Erinjiyan Ekiti rural area is located for CBA assessment with three RE resources (solar, wind and small hydro) selected for consideration. Through the application of Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the respondents' willingness to pay for RE supply is obtained and RE benefits in monetary terms computed. Using three economic decision criteria namely: Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR); the three RE resources are ranked according to their economic viability.
The result of the analysis provides useful insight to investors and decision makers into how RE projects in rural community should be conducted. Foremost, it is revealed that all three RE options will be economically viable if implemented, though adequate caution must be taken when making a decision. Based on the CBA assessment, the Small-Hydro Power (SHP) option is ranked as the most viable option. However, this is swiftly negated if RE social impact, such as the spiritual belief of the rural dwellers, who rely on the only potential river as a medium of communication with their ancestors, are taken into consideration. Furthermore, a sensitivity assessment of the three RE options revealed that only solar photovoltaic (PV) option is marginally viable, thus turns negative upon an assumed increase in discount rate of only 17%.
Herein, the proposed CBA framework provides a useful insight into an efficient method of appraising RE projects in rural communities. A CBA simulation tool is formulated and adapted from the CBA framework to enable quicker, reliable and automated means of assessing RE projects with a view to making wise investment decision.Thesis (M.Ing. (Development and Management Engineering))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2009.
8
LIMA, Ivanice Oliveira de. "Rádio comunitária, gênero e capital social: a experiência da Alternativa FM, emissora da Associação das Mulheres de Nazaré da Mata - Amunam." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6082.
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Ivanice Oliveira de Lima.pdf: 1153167 bytes, checksum: 6a9181dabbfcbf0d14a133b66bab9e37 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T12:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ivanice Oliveira de Lima.pdf: 1153167 bytes, checksum: 6a9181dabbfcbf0d14a133b66bab9e37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-06
The aim of this study was to analyze the appropriation of the Alternativa FM Communitarian Radio by the women involved in the actions of the non-governmental organization Nazaré da Mata Women Association – Amunam. What was specifically wanted was to understand the point until which the work in the production of a communitarian radio contributes for the development of the human and social capitals of these women. Searching the communitarian radios as initiatives that are related to the local development constituted a possibility to think of the communication produced by the popular contexts and directed toward them. In the specific case of a work that evaluated the production of a communitarian radio by agricultural women, the condition to think of the construction of human and social capitals in these women came from this radio practice. The theoretical support for Communitarian Radio was based on authors as Cicília Perruzzo, Lílian Bahia and Dioclécio Luz. The question of Gender was brought by Joan Scott, Norma Sanchís, and Alma Espino; the Social Capital by Carlos Julio Jara, Robert Putnam and Heloiza Matos; and the perspective of communication directed to the local development was emphasized by the authoress Maria Salett Tauk Santos. It is a study of case that used combined techniques of data collection, such as: bibliographical research, documentary analysis and half-structuralized interview with the Amunam coordinators, the Alternativa FM directors, coordinators and female broadcasters of this radio station. During the work, it was observed that the Amunam, through the Alternativa FM Radio Station, develops a project directed to the local development using endogenous energies towards the attempt of accomplishing improvements in Nazaré da Mata, which are related to the human capital construction, when they make the formation and development of the female broadcasters‟ technical abilities possible, and the social capital‟s, as the work in the radio station stimulates contribution and political participation of these women who are involved in the radio practice, although it is perceived that the human and social capitals are still being formed and are part of a process that is not suddenly established.
O objetivo deste estudo é analisar as apropriações da Rádio Comunitária Alternativa FM pelas mulheres envolvidas nas ações da organização não- governamental Associação das Mulheres de Nazaré da Mata – Amunam. Especificamente o que se quer compreender é até que ponto o trabalho na produção de uma rádio comunitária contribui para o desenvolvimento do capital humano e do capital social dessas mulheres. Pesquisar as rádios comunitárias como iniciativas que se relacionam ao desenvolvimento local constitui uma possibilidade de refletir sobre a comunicação produzida pelos contextos populares e voltada para eles. No caso específico de um trabalho que avalia a produção de uma rádio comunitária por mulheres rurais, aparece a condição de refletir sobre a construção de capital humano e capital social nessas mulheres a partir dessa prática radiofônica. O aporte teórico sobre Rádio Comunitária fundamenta-se em autores como Cicilia Perruzzo, Lílian Bahia e Dioclécio Luz. A questão de Gênero é trazida por aportes de Joan Scott, Norma Sanchís, e Alma Espino. O Capital Social aparece através de Carlos Julio Jara, Robert Putnam e Heloiza Matos. E a perspectiva da comunicação voltada para o desenvolvimento local é fortalecida pela autora Maria Salett Tauk Santos. Trata-se de um estudo de caso que utilizou técnicas combinadas de coleta de dados, como pesquisa bibliográfica, análise documental e aplicação de entrevista semi-estruturada com a coordenação da Amunam, a direção e coordenação da Alternativa FM e com mulheres radialistas dessa emissora. No decorrer do trabalho, observou-se que a Amunam, por meio da Rádio Alternativa FM, desenvolve um projeto voltado ao desenvolvimento local ao utilizar energias endógenas na tentativa de melhorias em Nazaré da Mata. Melhorias que em muito se relacionam à construção do capital humano, ao possibilitar formação e desenvolvimento de habilidades técnicas pelas mulheres radialistas; e capital social, na medida em que o trabalho na rádio incentiva a colaboração e a participação política dessas mulheres envolvidas na prática radiofônica. Embora se perceba que o capital humano e o capital social ainda estão em formação e fazem parte de um processo que não se estabelece de forma repentina.
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Kafaar, Al-Ameen. "The efficacy of participatory communication training in farming communities : the case of Valley FM in the Cape Winelands District Region." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86361.
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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Global economic conditions are forcing donor and development agencies to reduce aid to developing countries and communities. This reduction is resulting in less developmental programmes for disadvantaged communities. To ensure that developmental programmes are implemented successfully and cost effectively, implementing agents will have to ensure that they improve their developmental communication. It is also becoming important that those who are to benefit from developmental programmes convey or identify exactly what their needs are. There should be very little speculation from development agencies about what the needs of the disadvantaged are. It is becoming necessary to review current developmental tools, methods and systems, and also to explore what other measures can be applied to ensure that speculation or time and money wasting exercises are eliminated. This study attempts to look at two things that will influence effective development communication. The first is to examine if community radio is still as an efficient developmental communication tool as perhaps two decades ago. Secondly, it looks at the possibility to tailor-make information for those who need develop, especially in the context of evolving technology.
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Rahmani-Shirazi, Ashiyan Ian. "Gender Praxis| Rural Fiji Radio and Mobile Devices." Thesis, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13422469.
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This communications study looks at gender-based self-reflexive theoretically guided practice, “praxis,” to explore the way in which a women's community media organization, femLINKpacific, pursues its goals of enhancing women's participation in governance structures and resiliency to extreme weather conditions. This study contributes to the nascent literature on mobile device and radio interaction by exploring the way in which women in rural Fiji utilize mobile devices to interact with femTALK, the community radio station of femLINKpacific. The study is based on the theoretical frameworks of inclusive innovation, post-development theory, and participatory communications theory in the context of gender-based ICT4D. Two main platforms, Mobile Suitcase Radio (MSR), a portable radio platform, and Women’s Weather Watch (WWW), a mobile-phone based weather reporting network, and an additional non-mediated communication venue of monthly women’s gatherings were explored through a 3-phase study, utilizing interviews and focus groups, with radio station staff and women leader’s networks.
Main findings included the role of WWW to transmit information for preparedness for Tropical Cyclone Winston, and indigenous food practices shared through the various platforms, as well as the role of MSR, when used in conjunction with the issues shared at the monthly consultations, to bring greater awareness to the women’s “voice.” This study extends to understanding the role of mutually supportive, systematic processes to enhance women's participation in governance structures, including the role and effectiveness of inter-ethnic groups in addressing community issues, and capacity building through incremental acclimatizing activities.
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Sinha, Ranjit. "Rural leadership, Panchayat raj and rural development." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/318.
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Mockford, Stephen. "Narrowband characterisation of UHF mobile radio channels in rural areas." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.279747.
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Furat, Mina. "Rural Development And Women." Phd thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615576/index.pdf.
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This Dissertation analyzes the conditions, problems and potential of rural women&rsquos empowerment through a sample of rural women&rsquo
s organizations (two women&rsquo
s cooperative, seven rural development cooperative and one village women associaton) with interpreting DAWN iniative and GAD approach with a socialist feminist perspective. In this study, it is stated that the agricultural sector policies and rural development policy were constructed in relation with the conditions of underdevelopment and thus, in relation with the agreements with IMF, WTO and IPARD Programme of EU which enforced the decreasing of agricultural sector subsidies. It is notable that these policies are formulated with an aim of increasing the influence and significance of capitalist relations in agricultural sector and rural areas without taking precautions for the survival of small sized farming households in rural areas. Despite these general influences of underdevelopment to Turkish Agricultural Sector and patriarchal gender assumptions, these women&rsquo
s organizations could be successful to some extent empowering their members with the recognized dimensions of empowerment such as
psychological, economical, social, organizational and political. All these dimensions are interrelated with each other. In this study, it was observed that while economic empowerment and psychological empowerment is the base of all other dimensions of empowerment, social empowerment and organizational empowerment are the most dynamic processes of empowerment and political empowerment is hardest dimension or outcome to achieve.
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Yadav, Renu <1987>. "Rural Development and Entrepreneurship." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16838.
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The dissertation examines rural entrepreneurship as a potential vehicle for facilitating local and regional development. Development of the rural areas is one of the top priorities of European Union. Consequently, the phenomenon of Rural entrepreneurship is also gaining importance in the European context, where for the purpose of cohesion of urban and rural area a substantial amount of resources is deployed on the annual basis. In this paper we analyze the role of entrepreneurship in the creation of wealth and employment in the peripheral context. The overall research questions revolve around: How rural context affects the entrepreneurship in highly marginalized areas and the interplay between them. What are the most appropriate regional development and growth theories present for this purpose? How entrepreneurs discover new business opportunity? And, What mental schemes and strategies are deployed in doing so? And finally, What is the role that various institutions play to facilitate entrepreneurship in such areas?
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Ahalt, Cyrus. "The effects of community radio on women's empowerment in rural Liberia." Connect to Electronic Thesis (CONTENTdm), 2010. http://worldcat.org/oclc/644674190/viewonline.
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Sundquist, Thomas. "Waveform Development using Software Defined Radio." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6464.
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Software Defined Radio (SDR) is a conception of implementing radio functions in computer software, instead of having electronics performing the functions. This thesis aims to compare two different ways of implementing these functions, or waveforms.
The Software Communications Architecture (SCA) is an open standard developed by the United States Department of Defense. It uses a CORBA interface environment to make waveform applications interoperable and platform independent. This method of developing SDR is compared to an open-source initiative going by the name GNU Radio.
Two waveform applications are developed, one transmitter using SCA, and one receiver using GNU Radio. The analog radio interface is simulated using the sound cards of two regular PCs. The development is done using the C++ and Python programming languages.
This thesis examines pros and cons of the two SDR methods, as well as performing studies of Software Defined Radio in general.
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Kryvobok, R. V., G. Lisachuk, A. Zakharov, E. Fedorenko, and M. Prytkina. "Development of radio transparent ceramic materials." Thesis, The American Ceramic Society, 2016. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/26130.
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Gathigi, George W. "Radio listening habits among rural audiences an ethnographic study of Kieni West Divison in Central Kenya /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2009. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1249668973.
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Okelo-Odongo, W. O. "A radio based computer network to serve rural areas in developing countries." Thesis, University of Essex, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374722.
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Bagile, Burchard R. B. "The simulation of protocols for rural radio telephone networks on parallel processors." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423223.
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Sadler, Anna Jarita. "Rural character in the Hilltowns understanding attitudes about planning in the context of attachment to place /." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/218/.
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Banjade, Arjun. "Community Radio in Nepal: A Case Study of Community Radio Madanpokhara." Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1187208846.
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Ballena, Castillo Maria de Jesus. "Análisis de las temáticas desarrolladas por las radios comunitarias y educativas: Radio Cutivalú y Radio Vino." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12423/2786.
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El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal analizar las temáticas desarrolladas por las radios comunitarias y educativas: radio Cutivalú y radio Vino; y como objetivos específicos los siguientes: describir las características de las radios comunitarias y educativas: radio Cutivalú y radio Vino, identificar las temáticas que se desarrollan en radio Cutivalú y radio Vino, y señalar los aportes de las temáticas en el desarrollo de las comunidades en las que están establecidas radio Cutivalú y radio Vino. La metodología que se utilizó en la investigación fue cualitativa, con un enfoque hermenéutico, y los instrumentos aplicados fueron entrevistas a los habitantes de Piura y Jayanca, lugares donde se ubican las radios materia de estudio, para conocer los aportes que estas generan en ellos. El trabajo concluyó que, el aporte principal de radio Cutivalú y radio Vino, con la información que transmiten a la población, es la transmisión de valores y la concientización de los ciudadanos en temas de política, salud y educación, principalmente, y una reflexión dirigida a que estos se conviertan en agentes activos de la transformación de su entorno social.
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Browne, Simon. "Propagation studies and modulation techniques for a distributed architecture rural radio-telephone system." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1993. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/102599/.
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The work described in this thesis forms part of the development of a novel digital distributed radio network. In particular, the areas of radio propagation and modulation are considered. Field measurements of radio channel characteristics made in Sierra Leone are described. The results are presented, together with a description of the implementation of the measuring equipment. Both transmission loss and channel impulse responses were measured. Measured loss values are compared with theoretical values calculated using standard routines. The measurements were made at a frequency of 53 MHz. The implementation of a spectrally efficient modulation scheme using a power efficient transmitter is detailed. Transmitter linearization schemes are described. Consideration is also given to filtering techniques applicable to look-up table based transmission. An overall transmitter has been produced, operating at 53 MHz, and the results are given.
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Pinnock, William Jacob Amadeus. ""Your information station": A Case study of rural radio in the 21st century." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2115.
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The study examined how the introduction of high-speed internet into a rural community affected audience members' use of their local radio station. A qualitative case study was guided by uses and gratifications and niche theory. The author conducted interviews with KMMR FM audience members in Malta, Montana, to investigate how the introduction of high-speed internet impacted listener habits. Twenty participants who either listened to or produced content for KMMR FM were interviewed. The author performed a thematic analysis of different uses for the radio guided by typologies created by Rubin (1983), Palmgreen and Rayburn (1979), and Katz, Haas, and Gurevitch (1973). The results showed the internet and the radio gratify different needs for audience members: radio was used the most for local information and the internet for more specialized needs that could not be met by the radio. The findings also showed that the radio is important in fostering a sense of social cohesion within the community
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Van, Oss Eric J. "Sustaining Rural Economies with Wind Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2010. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/56.
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This paper discusses the effects of wind development in rural areas. Areas of focus include: direct job creation, indirect job creation, tax revenue and government policies. The effects of state and federal renewable energy policies are discussed and well as the impacts to rural economies.
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Hewitt, Sally. "Regionalisation and rural development in England." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1319.
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This is a study of the discourses of regionalisation and rural development in England. The thesis examines the impact of New Labour's period of regionalisation from 1997 to 2008 on the policy and practice of rural development. A Foucauldian inspired discourse analysis reveals the patterns of power relations between national, regional and local actors, networks and governance structures, contributing to our understanding of political change. Regionalisation has resulted in changes both to rural policy and the practices of governing. Previous studies have emphasised the contrast between the rhetoric of devolution and the extent to which the state retains control by extending its power to the devolved scale. A framework of four discourses combines these contrasting notions to form four discourses of the region – 'participatory development', 'administrative regionalism', 'participatory regionalism' and 'regional autonomy'. Non-government actors express their choices, captured in three discourses of response – 'buying into regionalism', 'reluctant regionalism' and 'local autonomy' – highlighting the complexity of regional/local power relations. The discourses illustrate regional difference and shed light on how and why divergence has taken place. The research was conducted through documentary analysis, and interviews in two case study regions of the North West and East of England. The discourses are drawn from the language of rural actors in each region. Employment as a rural development practitioner gave the researcher 'insider' knowledge and understanding, whilst the discipline of an academic and reflexive approach aided an 'outsider' view, with both identities contributing to the research. The research found some differences between English regions and between regional government agencies, as a consequence of devolution. Nevertheless, the discursive practices centre on realising state plans. Furthermore, regionalisation restricts the choices available to the local level, compromising capacity building and participation in rural development, long recognised by researchers as critical aspects of successful rural development. Local plans were formulated on the basis of a generic, homogenous territory, marking a fundamental change from previous territorial rural programmes.
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Lowndes, Theresa Maria. "Privatisation, rural railways and community development." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2178.
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This thesis examines two separate, but interrelated, issues, namely rail privatisation and rural dependency on the availability of rail transport. The thesis was based on the proposition that rural accessibility permits the development and sustainability of the social and economic lives of a community and that this interrelationship is currently threatened by rail privatisation and the associated risks of line closures or service cutbacks. To test this proposition a thorough investigation into the theory and practice of privatisation was completed, together with a comprehensive survey of the travel arrangements of people living in rural communities served by branch line railways. A variety of research methods were employed, including desk-top studies involving literature searches, qualitative investigations to assist questionnaire design and the use of self-administered questionnaires by sample populations. The empirical results are presented and discussed against the background of introductory chapters which review the policy of privatisation, the evolution of rail privatisation and the role of the rural branch line. The concluding chapters present three different scenarios for the future of rural branch lines, ranging from closure to revitalisation, and outline areas where future research may be carried out. The main findings were that a substantial number of people depend on the branch lines to enable them to carry out a wide variety of journeys and it was concluded that branch line railways do indeed play a vital role in the development and sustainability of the rural community. Furthermore, it was concluded that rail privatisation may indeed pose a threat to the future provision of branch line services and as such could have far-reaching impacts on the future well-being of the rural community.
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Tambovceva, Т. Т. "Sustainable rural tourism development in Latvia." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25786.
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Berger, Guy. "Social structure and rural economic development." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007643.
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New concepts and a synthesis of existing theories may assist in studying the relationship between social structure, development and rural development. The concept of social structure encompasses the concept of economic structure which may be analysed in terms of three "Moments" of production. On this basis, one can distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous relations of production structures. "Homogeneous relations" together with "system dynamics" and ''reproduction", define the concept of a mode of production. "Development" refers to the expansion of total productive capacity, premissed on advanced means of production, and corresponding to the particular relations and forces of production in an economic system. The capitalist mode of production has both tendencies and countertendencies to development. The latter prevail in the Third World due to the admixture and heterogeneity of production relations there, and to their subordinate articulation within an international capitalist economic system. In this context, underdevelopment is the result of the specific factors of monopoly competition, dependence-extraversion, disarticulation-unevenness, the three-tier structure of the peripheral economy, surplus transfer, and class structures and struggles. Rural development can be understood in terms of the specific contribution of agriculture to development, theorized as the "Agrarian Question". Agrarian capitalism has been slow to develop in the Third World, and the state of agriculture remains a problem there. "Rural development" has emerged as a deliberate and interventionist state strategy designed to restructure agrarian relations for development. This has contributed to the formation of particular heterogeneous relations of production articulated to the capitalist mode. In this context, the character of the associated classes has left the Agrarian Question unresolved. "Rural development" continues because it has an important~ and even primary, political significance - although this is not without contradictions.
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Wong, Siu-mee. "Rural upgrading in Hong Kong : a case study of rural Tai Po /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14803264.
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Mabouidi, Felix. "La radio rurale en Afrique noire, les stratégies de communication : le cas du projet de radio rurale congolaise (1978-1985)." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39027.
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Cette etude sur les strategies de communication de la radio rurale, dont les enquetes ont ete menees tant a la centrale du projet a brazzaville que dans le groupement precooperatif de deux de trois regions concernees par le projet, a eu pour objectif de tester le discours officiel sur le role de cette radio rurale. Selon le discours officiel, la radio rurale congolaise est un media communautaire qui favorise le libre acces et la participation des paysans. Cependant, cette etude, apres avoir analyse les differentes strategies de communication developpees par la radio rurale congolaise au cours de deux periodes qui ont marque sont existence, a savoir celle de l'avant et celle de la post-evaluation, a lis en lumiere le fait que, contrairement au discours officiel, la radio rurale congolaise demeure encore un systeme de communication institutionnel, centralise et hierarchique qui transmet les valeurs dominantes et reproduit dans sa forme et son organisation le modele des medias traditionnels. Dans cette perspective, la radio rurale congolaise, au lieu d'aider les paysans comme initialement prevu a maitriser les problemes de leur environnement, contribue a accentuer la passivite de ces paysans face a cet environnementThis research which is based on the strategies of communication was carried out on the congolese rural radio. It is largely drawn from an observatory field work, viz : on the spot observations and group discussions, carried out the central administrative project of brazzaville as well as the cooperative present in two of the three regions concerned by the project. The main aim of this research is to examine critically the official speech on the role of this rural radio. According to the official speech, the congolese rural radio is a communauty broadcasting system which favours the free access and the participation of the natives with the media. However, this study, after having analysed the different strategies of communication developed by the congolese rural radio, in the course of two periods which marked his existence, namely those of before and after evaluation, brought to light the fact that, contrary to the official speech the congolese rural radio continues to be a highly institutionalized, centralized and hierarchical organ of communication which transmits the dominant values, reproduces in his for form and his organisation the model of the traditionals media. In this way, the rural radio accentuates natives'passivity face their environment
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Offord, Matthew. "Rural governance and economic development : the changing landscape of rural local government." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.724449.
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Conteh, Bob Karankay. "Institutions in rural development : the case of rural banks in Sierra Leone." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1995. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/633/.
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Over the last four decades Sierra Leone established several credit schemes to help farmers increase production, productivity and incomes. This was motivated by several factors including the high proportion of the population in agriculture, the relative poverty of farmers and their subsistencele vel of production. Cheap credit was seen as the appropriate instrument to achieve market-oriented production. But these schemes failed due mainly to concessionary interest rates, high default, lack of savings mobilisation, mismanagement and poor economic policies. In March, 1985, a rural banking scheme was launched to replace these failed schemes; and by 1994, eight rural banks were in operation. The main objectives were to mobilise savings and to provide credit to agriculture and other rural enterprises. In early 1990, it was realised that these banks were far from achieving these objectives. This study examines and identifies the factors responsible for their low levels of achievement. The study reveals that huge losses were made due to several reasons among which are low interest rates for savings and loans which were typically below market rates and inflation suggesting negative returns on interest income, high default, poor economic environment and poor market infrastructure. These factors made rural banks unsustainable and highly subsidy dependent. The study further reveals that informal financial sources (i. e. moneylenders and osusu clubs) have been rendering services for which rural banks were not designed, In addition, rural banks and their clients were incurring relatively higher transaction costs compared to the informal sources and their clients. The study therefore recommends a restructuring of rural banks and suggests policies to improve their operations. In the main, institution-building is recommended, and that the operational flexibility of the informal financial sector be incorporated into the policies of rural banks. We recognise that Sierra Leone is going through a period of internal conflict. But these recommendations need to be urgently implemented to forestall the collapse of these rural banks.
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Chroman, Thea. "Broadcasting Public: Radio Station KOAC and the Making of Modern Citizens, 1923-1958." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/19708.
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In 1923 the Oregon Agricultural College began broadcasting market information and weather reports to farmers in the Willamette Valley. By 1958 the programming had expanded to include everything from symphonies to lectures in psychology. This thesis poses the following questions: How did the producers and funders of Station KOAC understand the medium’s potential to reach spaces they believed were isolated from the promise of modernity? What were the values that the state prioritized through its funding of Station KOAC? How did listeners understand and experience KOAC? Based on archival research, I argue that the station was recruited to welcome rural and domestic listeners into modernity and simultaneously task them with the maintenance of traditional institutions on which the state relied. However it also brought information and companionship to listeners, who claimed their own citizenship through state supported radio.
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Sommai, Prijasilpa Baker Paul J. "Perceptions of human resources development by accelerated rural development administrators." Normal, Ill. Illinois State University, 1994. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ilstu/fullcit?p9510430.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Illinois State University, 1994.Title from title page screen, viewed March 30, 2006. Dissertation Committee: Paul J. Baker (chair), John R. McCarthy, Larry D. Kennedy, Kenneth H. Strand. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131) and abstract. Also available in print.
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Becker, David A. "Manitoba's regional development corporations : lessons for locally-based rural development." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31228.
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Over the last century the Prairie region has undergone a transition from predominantly rural to predominantly urban settlement. By the early 1900s emphasis began to shift from rural-based primary activities to urban-based industrial activity. One product of this transition was the marginalization of rural communities.
An examination of literature pertinent to Canadian development policy reveals no single solution to rural decline. Instead there are numerous theories and recommendations which communities can adopt. One such strategy has been locally-based development. The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to knowledge concerning what locally-based organizations can do to mitigate the impact of decline in rural communities. As a case study, Manitoba's Regional Development Corporations (RDCs) are analyzed within the context of the provincial government's overall approach for rural development in order to investigate their effectiveness in contributing to locally-based rural development. This effectiveness is measured in goals, strategies and processes of an RDC as they changed over three periods: (1) 1963/73, (2)1973/83, (3) 1983/90. In each period the following questions were asked:
1. What priorities or objectives were emphasized in provincial development policy?
2. What strategies were used by the province and RDCs to achieve rural development?
3. What role was established for locally-based participation?
Throughout the three study periods the province's regional policies remained based on laissez-faire economic principles, while the RDC approach was oriented to regional-national integration (i.e., merging of regional economic activity with national and international markets). The conclusion is that RDCs affected rural development by enhancing the abilities of local businesses participating in the provincial marketplace.
RDCs have concentrated on supporting a process for adapting to rural transition, rather than reversing forces impinging on rural communities. Lessons extended from the RDC study suggest that if efforts to enhance a rural area's competitive position in national or international markets become the principal objective for local development, the unique qualities associated with rural life may be difficult to maintain.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Shrestha, B. C. "Arable land development programme (ALDEP) and rural development in Botswana." Thesis, Brunel University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370477.
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Wihtol, Robert. "The Asian Development Bank and rural development : policy and practice." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236142.
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Tusting, L. "Agriculture, development and malaria in rural Uganda." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2016. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/2572615/.
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While malaria remains a major global public health problem, total annual incidence fell by 30% during 2000–2013, largely due to the scale–up of long–lasting insecticide–treated nets and indoor residual spraying. In the future, sustainable methods of control and elimination are needed to maintain this progress. Since malaria is associated with poverty, malaria control and economic development can be mutually supportive. This thesis tests specific hypotheses relating to the causal pathways between poverty and malaria, to identify potential routes to controlling malaria alongside development. Two systematic reviews found that in sub-Saharan Africa: (1) parasite prevalence and clinical malaria incidence are on average halved in the wealthiest children, compared to the poorest within a community and (2) parasite prevalence and clinical malaria incidence are on average halved in residents of modern housing, compared to traditional housing. In-depth interviews and cross-sectional surveys collected socioeconomic information for all children aged six months to 10 years living in 100 households, who were followed for 36 months in Nagongera, an agrarian and highly endemic setting in rural Uganda. Analyses of the relationships between socioeconomic position (SEP), potential determinants of SEP and malaria found that: (3) relative success in smallholder agriculture was associated with higher SEP, (4) human biting rate (HBR) and parasite prevalence were approximately halved in children of highest SEP, compared to the poorest, (5) wealth indices, income and education were more sensitive indicators of socioeconomic inequalities in malaria risk than occupation, (6) HBR and parasite prevalence were halved in modern housing, compared to traditional housing and (7) house quality may partly explain the association between SEP and malaria. Together, these studies indicate that housing improvements and agricultural development interventions to reduce poverty merit further investigation as ‘intersectoral’ interventions against malaria.
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Cobbinah, J. E. "Barriers in community participation and rural development." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5263.
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The concept of participation seems to reflect in most development programmes that involve people at the grassroots level. In Ghana, the introduction of the decentralization programme in the late 1980s that aimed at promoting effective, comprehensive and rapid development, more especially in the rural areas also adopted participatory approach. The approach led to the introductory of district assembly system which was to enhance the involvement of people at the grassroots in participatory activities. However, since the introduction of the decentralisation system to promote grassroots level participation, the people are still inactive and the level of involvement in development decision-making still remains weak. To clearly understand these problems, the thesis has aimed at answering the following research questions; how are rural people involved in participatory practice in the development activities in their area; what barriers affect and hinder the active participation of rural people and how could these be addressed? Answers to those questions helped to examine the nature of participation at the grassroots level; understand how the district assembly adopt participatory practice and to ascertain the nature of barriers that hinder effective participatory practice. Using a case study approach for the investigation, an interpretivists and constructivists were the philosophical underpinnings of the investigation. The data was gathered through the use of focus group discussions and one-to-one informal interviews. It was observed that, participation continues to reflect in most rural development programmes, but there are key barriers that still continue to hamper the effectiveness of participatory practice. Power relations, threats, intimidations and more especially the use of juju and witchcraft which never featured in most development literature are among the major barriers that continue to weaken local people readiness to actively participate. Most rural people feel threaten to participate for the fear of being bewitched or killed through the use of juju, witchcraft or black magical powers. Without critically and effectively addressing those bottlenecks and barriers, and put community members at the pivot of decision-making, the use of outsiders' knowledge and ideas alone to address the problems of participation with the hope of improving the lives of the rural people will not yield any significant result.
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Herman, Edyanto C. B. "Rural development in North Central Java, Indonesia." Thesis, University of Salford, 1989. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14674/.
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This study is concerned with the development of coastal rural areas in Northern Central Java-Indonesia. It examines some aspects of rural development processes, including physical and socio-economic factors. The main objectives are 1.to determine the factors significant in coastal rural development; and 2.to specify the kecamatans (sub-districts) most suitable for development purposes based on the evaluation of those factors. Rich in natural resources, coastal rural areas have a high potential for development but this needs to be properly managed for development. The significant factors for this were identified using factor analysis Regional development in Central Java needs to be broken down into more detail programmes, especially if rural development is the object of the study. As in many rural areas in Indonesia, agriculture is the basic predominant activity in the coastal rural area together with fisheries. Therefore, rural development is often concerned with agricultural development. Discussion of the main problems in the specific area is important. This may include consideration of physical, social and economic and cultural problems. Several problems have, therefore, been recognized, namely: the unsatisfactory nature of agriculture development programmes in accelerating rural development, the 5carcity of capital, and the lack of explicit programmes of coastal rural development. Identification of some potential sectors for development, however,can help the planners to overcome such problems. Thus, physical, social and economic sectors should be examined. This leads to the definition of the significant factors for coastal rural development. This study has identified that commercial factors can accelerate development in rural areas; rural development needs adequate investment so that rational allocation measures should be devised. The distribution of development subsidies to rural areas can not be carried out effectively in the indiscriminate way hitherto used by the Government. Therefore the allocation of funds to development should be concentrated on selected kecamatans. Thus to develop these coastal areas an appropriate selection strategy must be evolved. By identifying the critical factors, the kecaniatans best suited for development can be identified based on the appropriate strategy.
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Lee, Kin-ki Chesterfield, and 李建基. "Sustainable development in the rural New Territories." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259960.
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Maghimbi, Samuel Joseph. "Rural development policy and planning in Tanzania." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495951.
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The thesis examin~ rural development in Tanzania from the precolonial period to~present time. The work is a historical study. It is shown that the pre-colonial rural economies were prosperous in crops and animals. Disruption and decline of these economies commenced towards the end of the last century. Depopulation, war and disease contributed to the decline. Colonial agricultural, trading and trades licensing policies are shown to have contributed to the process of creating rural backwardness. Rural backwardness manifests itself basically as rural poverty. Colonial marketing policies which helped to marginalize the peasant economy are analysed. A description of land alienation policies and their consequences on the rural economy is made. Measures by the authorities to stimulate rapid economic change in rural areas by bypassing the peasants are investigated. The crisis of large scale mechanized farming is outlined. Attempts by the policy makers and planners to rediscover the peasant in the transformation approach to rural planning are examined. The attempts by the peasants to organize themselves to promote rural development and the problems associated with this organization are critically explored in relationship to the policy maker~ attempts to control and patronize the peasant economy. Government policies and plans including grand plans aimed at the peasant to bring rapid economic and social development in the countryside are critically evaluated. The level of development of the peasant economy is elaborated empirically. The theory is advanced that the backwardness of the peasant economy is a result of bad policies and plans and exploitation and misunderstanding of the peasant by other agencies like the state and marketing institutions. The family farm is investigated in comparison to the large scale mechanized state farm. The superiority of the family farm in organization and capacity to survive harsh market and technical conditions and to create jobs is demonstrated. A theory on peasant farming in Tanzania is constructed and a theory on the causes of rural backwardness is tested. The nature of the Tanzanian state and its relevance to rural development are investigated. The failure by the state to formulate and execute sound policies and plans on rural development is demonstrated. The conclusion is reached that in rural development the work of actual production at the farm level should be left to the peasant himself because he can do the job best and at lower costs and that the government should only concern itself with improving rural transport and marketing.
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Zhang, Cheng Liang. "Rural industry and economic development in China." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387241.
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Huq, Naznin Afrose. "Rural accessibility and agricultural development in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Salford, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238789.
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Makgamatho, Kedibone Grace. "Funding rural development in South African municipalities." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95596.
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Thesis (MDF)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.The main purpose of this research paper is to reveal the importance of rural development with the aim of making municipalities the main drivers of rural development - this in an effort to stimulate and increase economic participation for rural people. The study seeks to understand the intervention by municipalities in accelerating rural development, how municipalities are currently implementing and funding development programmes to improve the lives of rural people. Rural development has been a key strategy to develop the lives of rural people in many countries around the globe. The concept has somewhat been paired in other countries with the achievement of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the new South Africa, the rural development concept has been revived through the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), which intended to eliminate the inequality that was brought by the apartheid system. Many other programmes of development or rather, rural development, were introduced to bridge the gap between the poverty-stricken areas/individual and those who have access to resources for the betterment of their lives. The signs of poverty are, however, still visible in many parts of South Africa, with insignificant signs of improved lives, mostly for rural areas, regardless of the programmes that have been initiated by government since the democratic elections took place in 1994. Thus, the effectiveness of rural development policies and implementation of associated programmes are still questionable. Municipalities are mandated to implement the rural development programmes by default, as they are closer to beneficiaries and communities on the ground. Thus, enabling municipalities to steer these development programmes is a good bottom-up approach to development as opposed to national level undertaking to implement these programmes from the top. However, municipalities have also proved to have their challenges, including challenges of sourcing funding, which then make the drive and implementation of these development ideas difficult to carry out. The study reveals that funding of rural services or anything that is rural in nature, has become very difficult. Thus, this study investigated how municipalities strive to raise funding for rural development in an effort to improve rural people’s lives. The related factor that has been investigated is the capabilities and capacity of municipalities to implement the development programmes. The study also explored the current development situation on how municipalities have been able to carry out the development mandates and what has been the impact of rural development programmes/policies since they have been developed to breach the gap of inequality in the country. Indication by municipalities is that most of their funding is from the government through the Municipal Infrastructure Grants (MIG) and Equitable Share. However, this funding does not necessarily encompass funding for rural development programmes but rather is for normal capital expenditure, operational expenditure to enable basic service delivery projects, such as water and electricity. The results have indicated that rural development projects are not specifically or necessarily budgeted for, but they are dealt with on a case-by-case basis or as and when rural development ideas are thought of. Regarding the institutional capacity of municipalities, most of the municipalities within the sample (72%) indicated that there is lack of adequate and skilled labour to address the challenges and priorities of rural development. The above challenges have led to municipalities realising a minimal impact for rural development and the inability to prove and point out in any way, the improvement of rural people’s lives. Perhaps some of this depends on how municipalities and communities understand rural development. The study revealed that most municipalities understand rural development as improvement of rural people’s lives and understood rural development as the provision of rural services and infrastructure. This thought is correct regarding rural development, however, the challenges of minimal impact experienced by municipalities could be linked to the limited funding that is being provided for rural development. The consensus is that funding of rural development has been minimal and there has to be more interaction to ensure it is as a priority like other programmes planned and budgeted for by government. There is a need for municipalities to be properly capacitated with skills and technical assistance to take forward the rural development mandate. In the process, municipalities should be able to allocate funds provided either by government or by private sector institutions to avoid rural development projects being funded by chance. To reduce the poverty lines that are visible in most rural areas, rural communities also need to be given training to allow them the mobility to grow those rural development programmes being introduced by government and municipalities, thus sustaining their lives in the long term. Collaboration is of importance, thus different stakeholders should be involved to assist municipalities in accelerating the rural development agenda.
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Пушкар, К. С. "Modern development of rural tourism in Ukraine." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2018. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/10774.
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Pushkar, Kateryna Serhiivna. "Modern development of rural tourism in Ukraine." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/13152.
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Чумак, Лариса Федорівна, Лариса Федоровна Чумак, Larysa Fedorivna Chumak, Наталія Миколаївна Дудченко, Наталия Николаевна Дудченко, and Nataliia Mykolaivna Dudchenko. "Rural tourism: problems and perspective of development." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2004. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/22971.
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