Academic literature on the topic 'Radioactive Air Pollutants'

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Journal articles on the topic "Radioactive Air Pollutants"

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Chauhan, R. P., K. Kant, S. K. Sharma, and S. K. Chakarvarti. "Measurement of alpha radioactive air pollutants in fly ash brick dwellings." Radiation Measurements 36, no. 1-6 (June 2003): 533–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4487(03)00196-3.

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BILIAIEV, M., О. BERLOV, V. BILIAIEVA, V. KOZACHYNA, and P. MASHYKHINA. "FORECASTING OF RADIOACTIVE CONTAMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR IN AN EXTREME SITUATION AT NPP." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 1 (013) (April 14, 2023): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.280223.15.914.

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Problem statement. The task of assessing the level of atmospheric air radioactive contamination in the case of an extreme situation on the territory of the Zaporizhzhya NPP, which leads to an instantaneous radioactive aerosol emission, is considered. An analysis of the dynamics for the zones’ formation of radioactive contamination in the wind direction towards Nikopol is conducted. For the prompt solution of this of this forecast issue, the creation of a multifactorial numerical model is required, which allows for prompt analysis of the size and intensity of radioactive contamination areas. The purpose of the article. Creation of a numerical model and computer code for the operational analysis of radioactive contamination areas formed during the instantaneous release of radioactive pollutants into the atmosphere. Methodology. The computer code is based on a numerical model, which is a differential analogue of the multifactor kinematic equation of mass transfer of a radioactive impurity in atmospheric air. The mass transfer equation takes into account the wind speed field, atmospheric turbulent diffusion, and the intensity of radioactive substances emission into the air. For the numerical integration of the mass transfer equation, the splitting method is used followed by the use of finite-difference schemes. Determination of the volumetric activity value at each splitting step is implemented by an explicit formula. Scientific novelty. An effective numerical model was developed and its software implementation was conducted for operational analysis of the formation of radioactive contamination areas in the atmosphere during an extreme situation at a nuclear power plant, accompanied by the emission of radioactive substances. The model takes into account a complex of factors that affect the process of radioactive impurities spread in the atmosphere. Practical value. A computer code was developed for calculating the dynamics of the formation of radioactive contamination zones in the atmosphere based on the developed numerical model. This makes it possible to analyze the consequences of emergency emissions on the territory of the NPP using the computational experiment method. Conclusions. A mathematical model was developed for the operational analysis of radioactive contamination level of the atmospheric air due to an extreme situation at the nuclear power plant, which leads to an intense instantaneous release of radioactive substances. The results of a computational experiment based on the developed numerical model are presented.
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Kavach, Rakesh, Kiran Baderia, and Alok Goyal. ""INCREASING SCOPE OF RADIOACTIVE POLLUTION"." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3246.

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Environmental pollution is an occasional problem in which the difficulties of life for the bio-world including humans are increasing. Due to the qualitative degradation of the environmental elements, the natural properties of life-like elements such as air, water, soil, vegetation, etc. are getting diminished due to which the relationship between nature and organisms is deteriorating. It is well known that environmental pollution is a product of modernity. Although the phenomenon of pollution has been occurring even in ancient times, but nature was able to prevent it, due to which its outbreak was not as fierce as it is today. As the amount of pollution has exceeded the limits of nature today, its effect has started reaching near the crisis point. Environmental elements like water and air are losing their natural quality due to environmental pollution, the vegetation is getting destroyed, the nature of the weather is changing and human is getting trapped in the clutches of various diseases. It is detrimental to the bio-world, as it is oriented in the path of environmental degradation to ecological degradation. Scientists believe that if the same momentum of pollution continues for the next 50 years, a catastrophe can come. The Western Industrial Revolution has made man insensitive to such an extent that he is cutting the branch on which he is sitting. Some scientists of the developed countries have been forced to say that the progressive nations of the west are exporting pollution to poor developing countries.According to the National Environmental Research Institute, pollutants causing harmful changes in the natural environment are released from matter and energy releases in the form of wastes resulting from human activities. Pollutants that pollute the environment are placed in two groups on the basis of origin. Can be (a) natural pollutant and (b) man-made pollutant. पर्यावरण प्रदूषण एक ऐसी सामयिक समस्या है जिसमें मानव सहित जैव जगत् के लिए जीवन की कठिनाईयाँ बढ़ती जा रही हैं। पर्यावरण के तत्त्वों में गुणात्मक ह्रास के कारण जीवनदायी तत्त्व यथा वायु, जल, मृदा, वनस्पति आदि के नैसर्गिक गुण ह्रसमान होते जा रहे हैं जिससे प्रकृति और जीवों का आपसी सम्बन्ध बिगड़ता जा रहा है। यह सर्वज्ञात है कि पर्यावरण प्रदूषण आधुनिकता की देन है। वैसे प्रदूषण की घटना प्राचीनकाल में भी होती रही है लेकिन प्रकृति इसका निवारण करने में सक्षम थी, जिससे इसका प्रकोप उतना भयंकर नहीं था, जितना आज है। चूँकि आज प्रदूषण की मात्रा प्रकृति की सहनसीमा को लाँघ गई है फलतः इसका प्रभाव संकट बिन्दु के समीप पहुँचने लगा है। पर्यावरण प्रदूषण से जल और वायु जैसे जीवनदायी तत्त्व अपनी नैसर्गिक गुणवत्ता खोते जा रहे हैं, वनस्पतियाँ विनष्ट होती जा रही हैं, मौसम का स्वभाव बदल रहा है और मानव विविध बीमारियों के चंगुल में फँसता जा रहा है। यह जैव जगत् के लिए अपषकुन है, क्योंकि पर्यावरण ह्रास से पारिस्थितिकी विनाष के राह में उन्मुख है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि अगले 50 वर्षों तक यदि प्रदूषण की यही गति बनी रही तो महाप्रलय आ सकता है। पष्चिमी औद्योगिक क्रान्ति ने मनुष्य को इस हद तक संवेदनहीन बना दिया है कि वह जिस डाल पर बैठा है उसी को काट रहा है। विकसित देषों के कुछ वैज्ञानिक यह कहने के लिए बाध्य हुए हैं कि पष्चिम के प्रगतिषील राष्ट्र, प्रदूषण का निर्यात गरीब विकासषील देषों में कर रहे हैं।राष्ट्रीय पर्यावरण शोध संस्थान के अनुसार मनुष्य के क्रिया-कलापों से उत्पन्न अपषिष्टों के रूप में पदार्थ एवं उर्जा विमोचन से प्राकृतिक पर्यावरण में होने वाले हानिकारक परिवर्तनों को प्रदूषण कहा जाता है।पर्यावरण को प्रदूषित करने वाले प्रदूषकों को उत्पत्ति के आधार पर दो समूहों मेें रखा जा सकता है- (क) प्राकृतिक प्रदूषक तथा (ख) मानव निर्मित प्रदूषक।
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Korsakov, Anton V., Anna E. Kryukova, Vladislav P. Troshin, Olga Yu Milushkina, and Dmitry G. Lagerev. "Primary incidence of cervical cancer in the population living in ecologically disadvantaged areas (2000–2020)." Hygiene and sanitation 102, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2023-102-1-14-21.

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Introduction. Thirty six years after the Chernobyl disaster about 5 million people live in the radioactively contaminated territories of Ukraine, Belarus and Russia, and the density of radioactive contamination, determined mainly by long-lived Cesium-137 and Strontium-90, will remain radiologically significant for several decades. Purpose of the study. Based on official statistics for 2000-2020, to analyze the trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in females living in conditions of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination in the Bryansk region. Materials and methods. Poisson regression, Shapiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Spearman test. Data sources - Bryansk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Rospotrebnadzor, Rostekhnadzor, Bryanskstat. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of the cervical cancer, regardless of the level of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination. Also, we have found no significant correlations between the frequency of primary morbidity of the cervical cancer with neither the density of 137Cs and 90Sr contamination, nor air pollution with gaseous pollutants (VOCs, SO2, CO and NOx). A statistically significant (p<0.00001) gain in the long-term trend in the incidence of the cervical cancer over 2000-2019 was revealed in all the studied groups, regardless of the environmental conditions of the residence. The forecast for the incidence of the cervical cancer on average in the Bryansk region during 2020 shows a decrease by 20.7% in real values compared to the forecast data. Limitations. Incidence of the cervical cancer without regard to age groups, distribution at the stage of the disease, histological, and immunohistochemical profile. Conclusion. The obtained results indicate to the need for further work to understand the trends in the presence/absence of independent and combined effects of pollutants on the growth of oncogynecological pathology from the standpoint of assessing distant and regional metastasis, the histological, and immunohistichemical profile of a specific cervical cancer with levels of radioactive, chemical, and combined environmental contamination.
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Alves, Carlos, and Jorge Sanjurjo-Sánchez. "Geological Materials as Sources of Rn Emissions." Proceedings 24, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecg2019-06193.

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Geological materials are a potential source of pollutants, among which there is the radioactive isotope 222Rn, which result of radioactive decay of daughter radionuclides of uranium (238U). It is emitted as a gas that it can be released to the air to enter the human body, with the potential to affect internal organs (mostly the lungs) by alpha particles production. While the presence of uranium in the materials is a necessary condition for the production of Rn-222, the amount of gas emitted by the material depends on other characteristics that allow the migration of the gas. The main aim of this communication concerns a statistical analysis of results from diverse types of rocks.
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Tripathy, Ashutosh, Ram Dev More, Sandeep Gupta, Jastin Samuel, Joginder Singh, and Ram Prasad. "Present and Future Prospect of Algae: A Potential Candidate for Sustainable Pollution Mitigation." Open Biotechnology Journal 15, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874070702115010142.

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Pollution control and mitigation are critical to protect the ecosystem and make everyone's life safer and healthier. Different pollution mitigation strategies and measures are implemented to remove pollutants, which broadly involve physical, chemical, and biological methods. Biological methods are found to be more sustainable, effective, and eco-friendlier than the other two methods. These methods mainly use microbes like bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants, and their products like enzymes and metabolic products to remove pollutants. Due to their unique photosynthetic ability and simple growth requirements, Algae can be grown using simpler components like CO2, sunlight, and media, making them a potential candidate to be used as a pollution mitigator. Algae can indicate and remove pollutants like CO2, SO2, NO2, and particulate matter from the air; these pollutants and particulate matter are either used for their growth or these are accumulated inside them.. Algal species have shown the efficient removal of heavy metals, organic pollutants, explosives, petroleum contaminants, pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and plastics from different water sources. There is a lot of scope in using algae to remove organic and inorganic pollutants in wastewater treatment plants. Algae hold great potential to remove radioactive pollutants from natural resources and involve removal mechanisms like biosorption and bioaccumulation. Algae can be used with different adsorbent materials to develop adsorption systems for the adsorption of radionuclides and heavy metals. This review elucidates different algal species, their cultural conditions, the removal efficiency of different types of pollutants from the air, water, soil, and their role in genetic engineering and the algae's potential for waste mitigation.
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Papastefanou, Constantin. "Paths of Air Pollutants Containing Radioactive Nuclides in the Suburban Area of Thessaloniki, Northern Greece." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 10, no. 4 (2010): 354–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2010.02.0008.

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الاسدي, كفاح, and كفاح البديري. "Spatial variation of the incidence of cancerous diseases in Al-Najaf Governorate for the period (2005-2011)." Kufa Journal of Arts 1, no. 17 (February 4, 2013): 11–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36317/kaj/2013/v1.i17.6452.

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The study showed that cancerous disease is a very serious health problem that was the product of the environment in both its natural and human branches to a large extent, especially the impact of the environmental pollution factor, which played an effective role in the emergence of the disease and the high incidence of it, especially after the years of wars that swept in Iraq since 1991 and the radioactive remnants of the last war of 2003, as the province of Najaf witnessed a dramatic increase in the percentage of people with cancerous diseases in Iraq in general and the study area in particular because it had radioactive pollutants that had a negative impact On the environment of the region with all its natural components (air, water, and soil)
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Vukolova, A., A. Dolgikh, and A. Rusinkevich. "REGULATION STANDARDS FOR PERMISSIBLE DISCHARGES OF A FEW RADIONUCLIDES MIXTURE INTO ATMOSPHERIC AIR UNDER NPP NORMAL OPERATION." PROBLEMS OF ATOMIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. SERIES: NUCLEAR AND REACTOR CONSTANTS 2020, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.55176/2414-1038-2020-1-94-101.

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The article is focused on the description of the existing order for regulations of standards for permissible and maximum permissible discharges of radioactive pollutants into atmospheric air and (on) discussion of an alternative method for regulations of standards for permissible and maximum permissible discharges, basing on establishment of these standards for a mixture of radioactive materials and not for every radionuclide individually. This method is based on using the radionuclide vector concept and allows to significantly facilitate arrangements of radiation monitoring, to abandon spectrometric methods and to use more simple, cheap and speedy radiometric methods for discharge control. This result corresponds to internationally recognized ALARA principle. The procedure of the establishment of permissible discharge of noble gases mixture for atmospheric discharge of Rostov NPP site is shown in the article as an example. The results of the analysis of noble gases atmospheric discharges of 47 European NPPs with WWER and PWR power units, creation of nuclide vector and application of this vector for calculation of permissible discharge of noble gases mixture for the Rostov NPP are demonstrated.
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Nikolova, Mariana, Ivanka Zheleva, and Margaritka Filipova. "Statistic Study of Gaseous Air Contamination in the City of Svishtov, Bulgaria." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2675, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2675/1/012006.

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Abstract Polluted air has a negative impact on human health and plant and animal life. There are two types of sources of air pollution: human activity (transport, heating, industry and others) and natural phenomena such as natural fires, volcanic activity, deforestation and others. Substances that are the most common air pollutants are dust particles, carbon and nitrogen dioxides, carbon and nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons; aldehydes; radioactive substances, heavy metals, sulfur dioxide, ozone, etc. Gaseous air pollutants of primary concern in urban environments include sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas that is a product of volcanic eruptions and various industrial processes. It’s usually released when coal and oil are burned. Nitrogen oxides, especially nitrogen dioxide, are poisonous gases with a pungent, suffocating odor. There are many regulations aimed at air pollution and pollution monitoring for all European countries. Bulgaria, as part of the EU, must comply with all these regulations. There are still many places and periods of time in Bulgaria over the years with air pollution greater than daily norms. The present study is dedicated to the study of air pollution with gaseous substances in the area of Svishtov, Bulgaria. The town of Svishtov is located in Northern Bulgaria, on the banks of the Danube River, where the southernmost point of the river along its entire length is located. A statistical analysis of the level of air pollution in Svishtov based on official data from the monitoring station in the city is presented. The measurements cover the period 2021 - 2023. All research results are presented graphically and commented.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioactive Air Pollutants"

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Harvey, Richard Paul. "Uncertainty of inhalation dose coefficients for representative physical and chemical forms of ¹³¹I." 2002. http://books.google.com/books?id=MldYAAAAMAAJ.

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Ohmura, Y., K. Matsukura, J. P. Abe, K. Hosaka, M. Tamaoki, T. Dohi, M. Kakishima, and Mark R. D. Seaward. "(137)Cs concentrations in foliose lichens within Tsukuba-city as a reflection of radioactive fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/9387.

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(137)Cs concentrations in ten species of foliose lichens collected within Tsukuba-city in August 2013 ranged from 1.7 to 35 kBq/kg. The relationships between (137)Cs in two dominant species, Dirinaria applanata and Physcia orientalis, and the air dose rate (muSv/h) at the sampling sites were investigated. (137)Cs in P. orientalis measured about 1 year after the Fukushima nuclear accident was correlated (r(2) = 0.80) more closely with the air dose rate than those measured after about 2 years (r(2) = 0.65), possibly demonstrating its continued value as a biomonitor to reflect ambient fall-out levels. In contrast, those of Dirinaria applanata were not correlated with the air dose rate in either year.
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Books on the topic "Radioactive Air Pollutants"

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Australia. Department of Resources and Energy., ed. A history of British atomic tests in Australia. Canberra: Australian Government Publishing Service, 1985.

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe., ed. Air quality guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1987.

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National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Measurement of radon and radon daughters in air: Recommendations of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Bethesda, MD: The Council, 1988.

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M, Miller Ruby, ed. Environmental hazards: Radioactive materials and wastes : a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 1990.

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Miller, E. Willard. Environmental hazards: Air pollution : a bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.

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Miller, E. Willard. Environmental hazards: Air pollution : a reference handbook. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO, 1989.

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Richard, Cothern C., and Smith James E. 1941-, eds. Environmental radon. New York: Plenum Press, 1987.

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NWWA Conference (1987 Somerset, Somerset County, N.J.). Radon, radium, and other radioactivity in ground water: Hydrogeologic impact and application to indoor airborne contamination : proceedings of the NWWA Conference, April 7-9, 1987, Somerset, New Jersey. Chelsea, Mich: Lewis, 1987.

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R, Edelstein Michael. Radon's deadly daughters: Science, environmental policy, and the politics of risk. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1998.

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Miller, E. Willard. Environmental hazards: Liquid wastes : a bibliography. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radioactive Air Pollutants"

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P., Marios, Apostolos P, and Panayotis Siskos. "Indoor Air Pollutants and the Impact on Human Health." In Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/18806.

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Young, Louise B. "Abuse of Discretion." In Power Over People, 105–34. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195075786.003.0010.

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Abstract The environmental impact of the generation and transmission of electricity has become an increasingly important factor in determining the quality of life throughout the United States. Power plants and transmission lines add destructive chemicals to the air, waste heat to air and water, and radioactive elements to air, water, and iand. Because of the discretionary powers vested in the electric companies by the law of eminent domain, all the decisions which affect the extent and distribution of these pollutants are made by the utilities.
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Sofiev, Mikhail, Ilkka Valkama, Carl Fortelius, and Pilvi Siljamo. "Chapter 3.3 Forward and inverse modelling of radioactive pollutants dispersion after Chernobyl accident." In Air Pollution Modeling and Its Application XVIII, 283–92. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-8177(07)06033-0.

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Palomar Aguilar, David, Carlos Miguel Iglesias Sanz, and Sofia Corsini Fuhrmann. "Ground Air Temperature Control for Heat Pump Exchange. APTAE System." In Advances in Civil and Industrial Engineering, 156–75. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7279-5.ch008.

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Heating and cooling consume a high amount of energy, which is today mainly provided by fossil fuels. To save fossil resources and simultaneously reduce pollutants and CO2, heating and cooling energy consumption should be reduced. Geothermal energy is a clean, inexhaustible source of energy that is available all year round because it does not depend on the weather. Nevertheless, the use of tempered subsoil air has been used as a traditional air conditioning strategy; however, nowadays, its use has been questioned by the discovery of the leaks of radon gas from the ground. The investigation searches a heat exchange system with the subsoil which prevents the introduction of radon gas into living spaces. The system that is exposed increases the performance of aerothermal heat pumps by means of thermal exchange with tempered air in the sanitary chamber. This exchange is more favorable than air at the outside temperature, increasing the COP of the machine. This system complies with the regulations for protection against radon, protecting the building from this radioactive gas.
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Henry, Pascal, Wei, Eric, Yuanhui, and Jean-Jacques. "Volumetric Monitoring and Modeling of Indoor Air Pollutant Dispersion by the Use of 3D Particle Tracking Velocimetry." In Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality. InTech, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/16667.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radioactive Air Pollutants"

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de With, G. "CFD modelling of radioactive pollutants in a radiological laboratory." In AIR POLLUTION 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air090251.

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Belbeze, Stephane, and Matthieu Hallouin. "Set Up of an Environmental Monitoring System, Shchuchye, Russia Technical Assistance." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59042.

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An intergovernmental agreement on cooperation about chemical weapon destruction was signed between France and the Russian federation on 14th February 2006 in the context of a Global Partnership dedicated to preventing catastrophic terrorism and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. It came into effect on 25th April 2007 after ratification by both countries. The present demonstrated project was launched as part of this collaboration on the Shchuchye site (Russia – Kurgan Oblast). The project concerned the environmental surveillance system for the Shchuchye site required for the safe operation of the installation used to destroy chemical weapons. The aim was to implement equipments and methods of analysis for very low concentrations of pollutants in the three environmental compartments: air, water and soil. This has been achieved with the help of industry and other organizations in France (Environment/SA for supplies, INERIS and Antea Group) and Russia (ROST Association and EKROS Engineering). This system takes account of the normal operation of the installation as well as incident management. It includes 11 stationary atmospheric measuring stations constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering including ASTEK dedicated toxic gas detector: “Terminator FOV-1”, 3 mobile atmospheric measuring stations, 2 mobile soil & water measuring stations, 4 sampling cars constructed by Environment/SA and EKROS Engineering, a complete Chemical analysis laboratory which can handle ppb analysis of toxic gases, organics and minerals pollutants, an information collection center and a meteo station which can retrieve, display and archive all the datas or alarm from the stationary and mobile stations. Antea Group has provided a technical expertise and various negotiations during the negotiation phase, the project initiation files & contracts redaction, the project Monitoring and reporting to stakeholders, the REX. Up to 2009, No other site of the world uses such an innovative system. Antea Group worked on this project for 4 years. It successfully began operating in March 2009, before the start of destruction operations, after 15 months of work on the site.
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