Academic literature on the topic 'Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes"
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Grebin, V. V., and T. V. Hinchuk. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REGULATING THE WATER REGIME OF CERTAIN TERRITORIES OF THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (69) (2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2023.3.2.
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The characteristics of the natural features of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), in particular the nature of the relief, soil cover, main plant groups, and landscape characteristics, are provided. The hydrographic network of the region is detailed, represented by rivers, lakes, ponds, dams of the Pripyat and Uzh rivers, the reservoir of the Kyiv HPP, reclamation channels, water mirrors in front of filtration dams. It was noted that the main processes that form the current level of radioactive contamination of water systems in the CEZ are natural processes of radioactive decay, vertical sinking and geochemical fixation of radionuclides. Analysis of water pollution monitoring data in rivers and canals of the exclusion zone shows that by regulating water levels in most areas of the catchment areas of the CEZ, it is impossible to significantly influence the reduction of water pollution in them compared to the effects of their natural self-purification. Therefore, it is impractical to continue large-scale works on water flow regulation by hydrotechnical structures in order to minimize the removal of radioactive substances beyond the exclusion zone. It is advisable to leave in operation only those systems that allow maintaining increased moisture in peatlands, reducing the risks of fires. The studies carried out on the reclamation system “Buryakivka” in the basin of the Sakhan River, as an experimental training ground for the regulation of the regime of floodplains of the CEZ, are covered in detail. The use of the method of remote sensing of the Earth (DSS) to control the water regime and monitor the transformation of reclamation systems into wetlands is substantiated. In particular, spectral analysis of image pixels in different parts of the spectrum using vegetation indices. A positive nature protection effect from the increase in the area of wetlands in the Exclusion Zone was noted in the context of the prospects of climate change and in the context of the probability of increasing cases of dry periods in the territory of Polissia.
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Borovyk, I. I., and O. M. Marenkov. "Analysis of linear-weight parameters of narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus) in water reservoirs of Dnipropetrovsk region." Animal Biology 25, no. 4 (December 2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.04.037.
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This research focuses on studying the narrow-clawed crayfish in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, is a crucial component of industrial fisheries and plays a significant role in the development of aquatic ecosystems. Within the territory of the Dnipropetrovsk region, crayfish inhabit various freshwater bodies, including rivers, lakes, floodplains, and ponds. It is known that water bodies in the Dnipro region undergo substantial anthropogenic impact, leading to alterations in the life cycles and reproductive features of hydrobionts. Investigated areas of reservoirs were characterized by diverse levels and factors of pollution, such as contamination of water with chemical and radioactive substances, oil products, wastewater, and the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. These anthropogenic interventions may result in a decrease in populations of aquatic organisms, posing a serious threat to water ecosystems. The sensitivity to environmental changes makes crayfish a valuable bioindicator species. Fertility indicators and morphometric characteristics can be considered as bioindicators. The analysis of linear-weight parameters revealed that crayfish extracted from the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir had a body length 15–18% greater than those from the Kamianske and Samara Bay. Additionally, they exhibited larger cephalothorax dimensions by 18–20%, and their mass was almost 50% higher compared to individuals from other water bodies. Samara Bay demonstrated significantly lower fertility indicators compared to the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir, with crayfish fertility being reliably 63% lower. The established differences in morphometric indicators between crayfish from the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir, Samara Bay and Kamianske Reservoir may indicate heterogeneity in the living conditions within the water bodies of Dnipropetrovsk and might be induced by anthropogenic pressures.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Patsyuk, M. "NEW FINDINGS OF THE NAKED FILOSE AMOEBAE IN NATURAL BIOTOPES OF UKRAINE." Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.19-33.
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We have identified 10 species of naked filose amoebae in different types of water bodies in Ukraine. Original morphological descriptions have been compiled for all species. The most common species are Arachnula impatiens, Penardia mutabilis, Nuclearia delicatula, Biomyxa vagans, Vampyrellidium perforans, Nuclearia flavocapsulata, the least common are Vampyrella lateritia, Lateromyxa gallica, Leptophrys elegans, Leptophrys vorax. Established ecological groups of these protists in relation to the abiotic factors of the aquatic environment: euryoxidic (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, A. impatiens, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia), stenooxidic (V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica), stenobionts (A. impatiens, V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica) and those that withstand a wide range of permanganate oxidation values (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia). The largest number of species of these protists is observed in rivers (8 species) and floodplains (7 species), the smallest – in swamps (3 species); 5 species of filose amoeba were found in the lakes. We encountered P. mutabilis only in rivers, B. vagans in swamps, and V. perforans in floodplains. L. elegans, L. vorax species, which can be considered eurytopic, occurred in all types of reservoirs. The largest share of common species of naked amoebas is observed between rivers and floodplains (0.80), rivers and lakes (0.77), floodplains and lakes (0.67) and lakes and swamps (0.50), the smallest – between floodplains reservoirs and swamps (0.40) and rivers and swamps (0.36). According to the species composition of naked filose amoebae, two species complexes are distinguished: swamp and floodplain, which includes species that mainly occur in rivers and in reservoirs located in river valleys. The species complexes of rivers, floodplains and swamps are influenced to a greater extent by water temperature and the concentration of organic substances dissolved in water, and to a lesser extent by the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. The species composition of naked filose amoebas of rivers and floodplains is associated with a higher temperature and a higher content of organic substances dissolved in water compared to the species composition of swamp amoebas.
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Yamanouchi, K., T. Tsujiguchi, Y. Shiroma, T. Suzuki, Y. Tamakuma, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Sakamoto, et al. "COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL FLORA IN RIVER SEDIMENTS FROM FUKUSHIMA AND AOMORI PREFECTURES BY 16S RDNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2019): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz114.
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AbstractMonitoring of radioactive materials has been reported in rivers and soil in Fukushima post the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. However, there are few reports on the influence of this event on bacteria in forest soils and rivers. Therefore, through amplicon sequencing of 16S rDNA we compared the bacterial flora in river sediment soils from Fukushima prefecture and from an area not exposed to radioactive contamination, Aomori prefecture. The bacterial composition in the Aomori prefecture soil and Fukushima soil were found to be very similar at the phylum level. However, Fukushima soil had significantly fewer Bacteroidetes than the Aomori soil (p = 0.014), while the content of Firmicutes and Latescibacteria (WS3) was significantly higher (p = 0.001, 0.013 respectively). However, no increase in the content of radioactive-resistant bacteria was observed. In future studies, it is necessary to standardise the conditions for soil collection to assess its content of radioactive substances.
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Ziembowicz, Sabina, Małgorzata Kida, and Piotr Koszelnik. "Selected EPs in the water of certain Polish lakes and rivers." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900136.
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Negative and effectively “irreversible” changes in the environment have often been caused by one or more factors including the intensive development of new technologies, progressing urbanisation and - above all - insufficient knowledge of the properties and toxic effects of many chemicals used. Hundreds of non-natural compounds capable of exerting a negative effect on the natural environment have now been identified in it, including within the broad categories of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such new and emerging pollutants pose a serious threat to living organisms on account of their tendency to accumulate in certain parts of the environment. Furthermore, the substances in question may prove toxic and harmful to human beings and the environment even at low concentrations. Work described here thus had as its objective an analysis of the pollution of surface water in Poland in terms of content of organic compounds in general, and the aforementioned emerging organic pollutants in particular. Results confirm the presence in waters of such substances as phthalic esters, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organic tin compounds. Reference to average values for individual parameters in the cases of different rivers and lakes further show that, as of 2014-15, the various Polish surface waters researched were characterised by similar levels of pollution, other than in the case of naphthalene.
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Monte, L., S. Fratarcangeli, S. Quaggia, F. Pompei, and G. Andrasi. "A predictive model for the behaviour of dissolved radioactive substances in stratified lakes." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 13, no. 4 (January 1991): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(91)90003-x.
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Purba, Jhon Sufriadi, and Jandri Fan HT Saragi. "Kajian Saluran Sungai Akibat Gesekan Limbah pada Aliran Sungai di Bantaran Sungai Kelurahan Toba, Kec. Siantar Selatan." ABDI SABHA (Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat) 2, no. 3 (October 19, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/jas.v2i3.473.
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River pollution is the entry of various substances and non-biodegradable objects that result in contaminated water and loss of function. Besides being a source of various diseases, water pollution also causes flooding. Protecting the river is the same as maintaining survival in the future. Rivers have been the most important part of human life since ancient times. In human evolution, rivers and lakes played an unimaginable role. Rivers are not only important for animals and birds to live, but are also a major source of drinking water. And their environmental value, economic value, and spiritual value touch everyone in the world. In India, people at one time even worshiped rivers as life-giving gods and goddesses. The reason is that every time we search for life, we look for a drop of water first. Rivers carry water and nutrients to areas around the earth. They play a very important role in the water cycle, acting as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers flow almost 75% of the earth's land surface.
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Ovchinnikova, N. G., V. A. Timofeeva, and E. I. Zhidkova. "The problems of irrational use of water resources in the Rostov region." Economy and ecology of territorial educations 4, no. 4 (2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2020-4-4-65-71.
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The problem of irrational use of water resources is relevant today and has a global manifestation. Due to the irrational and improper use of water resources, the quality of water in lakes, rivers, seas and other reservoirs of water is gradually deteriorating. But water is the most valuable natural resource. The rapid development of human activity, the careless use of water resources leads to the ingress of chemical, biological and physical substances into them that are not characteristic of a clean water reservoir. Problems of this kind have become too acute and their solution is in the first place for humanity.
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KUFFEL, Fernando J. M., Cassiano R. BRANDT, Daniel KUHN, Clarice STEFFENS, Simone STULP, Rafael R. ECKHARDT, Gustavo REISDÖRFER, Maria C. A. SILVA, Maurício HILGEMANN, and Lucélia HOEHNE. "ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) FOR MICROPOLLUTANT TREATMENT: A REVIEW." Periódico Tchê Química 14, no. 27 (January 20, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v14.n27.2017.65_periodico27_pgs_65_74.pdf.
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The growing preoccupation about drinking water quality available on earth, a new order of emergent pollutants in rivers and lakes has called the attention of the scientific community, the micropollutants. These compounds come from the irregular or involuntary ejectment of substances such as pesticides, drugs, insecticides and other into the nature. By having a complex structure, the micropollutants have high resistance over the traditional water treatment to human consume. Thus, alternatives methodologies to their degradation have been studied, such as advanced oxidation process (AOPs). The AOPs are based in the formation of hydroxyls radicals (OH-) highly reactive that degrade complexes substances into lesser aggressive products as CO2 and water. Even though many methods to generate hydroxyls radicals from advanced oxidation processes exist, they differentiate on the application and viability. This review shows different methodologies using AOPs and their respective application characteristics, also some works already made in complexes substances treatment, which prove their efficiency.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes"
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Guiseppe, Vincente E. "Radon in Ground Water: A Study of the Measurement and Release of Waterborne Radon and Modeling of Radon Variation in Bedrock Wells." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/GuiseppeVE2006.pdf.
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Rainey, Michael Patrick. "Airborne remote sensing of estuarine intertidal radionuclide concentrations." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2275.
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The ability to map industrial discharges through remote sensing provides a powerful tool in environmental monitoring. Radionuclide effluents have been discharged, under authorization, into the Irish Sea from BNFL (British Nuclear Fuels Plc.) sites at Sellafield and Springfields since 1952. The quantitative mapping of this anthropogenic radioactivity in estuarine intertidal zones is crucial for absolute interpretations of radionuclide transport. The spatial resolutions of traditional approaches e.g. point sampling and airborne gamma surveys are insufficient to support geomorphic interpretations of the fate of radionuclides in estuaries. The research presented in this thesis develops the use of airborne remote sensing to derive high-resolution synoptic data on the distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in the intertidal areas of the Ribble Estuary, Lancashire, UK. From multidate surface sediment samples a significant relationship was identified between the Sellafieldderived 137Cs & 241Am and clay content (r2=0.93 & 0.84 respectively). Detailed in situ, and laboratory, reflectance (0.4-2.5mn) experiments demonstrated that significant relationships exist between Airborne Thematic Mapper (ATM) simulated reflectance and intertidal sediment grain-size. The spectral influence of moisture on the reflectance characteristics of the intertidal area is also evident. This had substantial implications for the timing of airborne image acquisition. Low-tide Daedalus ATM imagery (Natural Environmental Research Council) was collected of the Ribble Estuary on May 30th 1997. Preprocessing and linear unmixing of the imagery allowed accurate sub-pixel determinations of sediment clay content distributions (r2=0.8 1). Subsequently, the established relationships between 137Cs & 241Am and sediment grain-size enabled the radionuclide activity distributions across the entire intertidal area (92km2) to be mapped at a geomorphic scale (1.75m). The accuracy of these maps was assessed by comparison with in situ samples and the results of previous radiological studies within the estuary. Finally, detailed conclusions are made regarding radionuclide sinks and sources, and surface activity redistribution within the Ribble Estuary environment.
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Kenna, Timothy C. "The distribution and history of nuclear weapons related contamination in sediments from the Ob River, Siberia as determined by isotopic ratios of Plutonium, Neptunium, and Cesium." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29059.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Joint Program in Oceanography (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2002.Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis addresses the sources and transport of nuclear weapons related contamination in the Ob River region, Siberia. In addition to being one of the largest rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean, the bulk of the former Soviet Union's nuclear fuel reprocessing and weapons testing facilities (i.e. Mayak, Tomsk-7, and Semipalitinsk) are located within the Ob drainage basin. The atom ratios 240Pu/239Pu, 237Np/239Pu, and 137Cs/240Pu, measured by magnetic-sector ICP-MS, are used to distinguish between contamination derived from global fallout and contamination derived from local sources. Deposition chronologies estimated for sediment cores are used to construct a record of weapons related contamination at the sites sampled. Contaminant records indicate that in addition to debris from atmospheric weapons tests, materials derived from local sources have also played a role in nuclear weapons related contamination of the Ob region. Isotopic data presented in this study clearly demonstrate that non-fallout contamination has been transported the full length of the Tobol, Irtysh, and Ob Rivers (i.e. the tributaries draining Mayak, Semipalitinsk, and Tomsk-7, respectively). In several instances, unique isotopic compositions are observed in sediments collected from tributaries draining each of the suspected non-fallout sources. In such cases, these materials and their deposition ages have been used to link contamination in the Ob delta to Mayak, Tomsk-7, or Semipalitinsk. Linear transport rate estimates (km yr-1) indicate that contaminated sediments transit between source tributaries and the Ob delta on time-scales of [less than or equal to] l year.
(cont.) These estimates suggest that a catastrophic release of contamination due to dam failure at one of the many reservoirs located at both Mayak and Tomsk-7 that contain high levels of radioactive waste would result in measurable levels of contamination in the delta within as little as 1 year. Isotopic concentrations in sequentially extracted sediments containing weapons related contamination reveal that the majority of plutonium and neptunium (80 to 90 percent) behaves in a similar fashion regardless of the source and is removed by treating the sediments with citrate-dithionite. This indicates that plutonium and neptunium are not truly refractory and likely associate with redox sensitive sedimentary components. Isotopic ratios measured in extracted fractions suggest that only a minor fraction of contamination is associated with acid leachable or acid digestible sedimentary phases.
by Timothy Cope Kenna.
Ph.D.
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Wu, Renpo. "Determination of effective doses from radionuclides in the Columbia River sediments." Thesis, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/35556.
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Napier, Jonathan Bamberger. "Establishment of concentration ratios for riparian and shrub steppe areas of the eastern Washington Columbia basin." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34549.
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Concentration ratios are used to determine the transfer of nuclides from soil to biota to fauna. Some nuclides have limited associated data though, this has not prevented predictions from being performed at sites without associated data. These ratios are site specific and are not fully applicable when applied to other locations. A recent literature review for a waste repository performance assessment determined that a significant portion of the environmental data was based on recursively published material. To address this deficiency neutron activation analysis (NAA) was used to determine concentration ratios of certain biota. Three sites, two riparian and one shrub steppe, were sampled in the eastern Washington Columbia basin, near the Hanford site. Two hundred and fifty eight samples of opportunity were collected. This included 15 soil samples, 10 water and sediment samples, 40 different species of biota, and 2 terrestrial animal species and 3 aquatic animal species. These samples were prepared for NAA by drying, weighing, and in certain cases ashing to improve detection efficiency. After activation, the samples were placed in a HPGe detector to perform spectral analysis. The concentration results of 26 elements of interest are presented, along with newly established concentration ratios for all of the species sampled.Graduation date: 2013
Books on the topic "Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes"
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Kopuncová, T. Stanovenie vybraných rádionuklidov vo vodách. Bratislava: Výskumný ústav vodného hospodárstva, 1986.
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Wells, Douglas. Radioactivity in Columbia river sediments and their health effects. Olympia, WA: Washington State Dept. of Health, Division of Radiation Protection, 1994.
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Kaisha, Aomi Kensetsu Kabushiki. Suitei dosha no gen'ichi bunkyū josen kōhō: Hōkokusho. [Tōkyō-to Minato-ku]: Aomi Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha, 2013.
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Kenkyūjo, Gaia Kankyō Gijutsu. Jissai no hōshanō osensui no seijō ni tekiōdekiru kinōsei tankabutsu o shiyoeshita idoeshiki mizu jōka shisutemu no jisshō: Jigyō seika hōkokusho. Miyagi-ken Sendai-shi: Gaia Kankyō Gijutsu Kenkyūjo, 2013.
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Kaisha, Taisei Kensetsu Kabushiki. Haikibutsu o teigensuru hakusō shunsetsu oyobi hakusō fukusa ni yoru suiki no osen teishitsu kakusan bōshi gijutsu hōkokusho. [Tōkyō-to Shinjuku-ku]: Taisei Kensetsu Kabushiki Kaisha, 2013.
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Peterson, S. R. Summary report: Biomovs Chernobyl scenarios A4 (multiple model testing using Chernobyl fallout data of 1-131 in forage and milk and Cs-137 in forage, milk, beef and grain) and A5 (dynamics within lake ecosystems). Chalk River, Ont: Chalk River Laboratories, 1993.
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J, Janzer Victor, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Data for gross alpha, gross beta, gross radium as radium-226, and uranium in ground and surface waters in the United States, mid-1954 through 1965. Denver, Colo: U.S. Geological Survey, 1991.
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Resources, United States Congress House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs Subcommittee on Water and Power. Contamination of the San Francisco Bay: Oversight hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on contamination of the San Francisco Bay, hearing held in San Francisco, CA, August 4, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources. Contamination of the San Francisco Bay. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.
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Buske, Norm. Water and sediment reconnaissance of the Hanford shoreline: Hanford Reach Project, data report 4, fall 1988. Spokane, WA: Hanford Education Action League, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes"
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Vo-Minh Nguyen, Hang, Jin Hur, and Hyun-Sang Shin. "Humic Acids and Fulvic Acids: Characteristics, Sorption of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants, and Formation of Disinfection by-Products during Chlorination." In Humus and Humic Substances - Recent Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105518.
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Humic and fulvic acids, which can be extracted from soils, are abundant in surface water because of their high discharges from runoff during torrential rainfall, storm events, and summer monsoon. Both humic and fulvic acids adversely affect water supply as they produce disinfection by-products (DBPs) during chlorination and serve as the sorbent for the binding of hydrophobic organic contaminants. In the present study, we conducted chlorination and phenanthrene sorption for humic and fulvic acids that were extracted from nine soil samples. We also analyzed and compared their characteristics by using elemental 13C NMR analysis, spectroscopy analysis, and size exclusion chromatography. Our results showed that the changes in their structural characteristic, their DBP formation, and phenanthrene sorption behavior differed critically between humic and fulvic acids. For chlorinated humic acids, high SUVA, low molecular weight, low N/C, and low O groups of aromatic C were associated with high trihalomethane (THM) formation. In comparison, low O groups of aliphatic C in fulvic acids were associated with both oxidation and incorporation in terms of THM formation. Humic acids exhibited higher sorption ability than fulvic acids due to their higher MWw, SUVA, and %THLF. These findings provide key information for monitoring water quality in rivers and lakes.
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Simbaña, Isaac, Leonidas Ramírez, Alexander Buitrón, and David Saquinga. "Design of Scada System for Zeolite Purified Water using Labview." In IX Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad Memoria académica, 113–19. spue, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/abyaups.49.378.
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Water is an essential resource for life, however, due to the constant worldwide population growth, this consumption also increases every time (García-Loor et al., 2020). Previously, civilizations used water from natural sources, such as rivers or lakes, but the pollution generated by globalization has caused the presence of physical, chemical, and microbiological agents in these sources. Water is used in agriculture, industry, and consumption by 70, 19, and 11 %, respectively (Bernabé-Crespo et al., 2021). An alternative to this problem was to provide drinking water, organizing storage and distribution systems for this resource. Guarantee the quality of water for human intake has become a challenge, because it is exposed to harmful substances and microorganisms that affect the health of people if they consume it directly (Simbaña et al., 2022). There are several scenarios related to this problem, such as the discontinuity of the service, and the conditions of the domestic distribution lines, among others.
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"Air Pollution." In Environmental Toxicology, edited by Sigmund F. Zakrzewski. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148114.003.0014.
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It is somewhat artificial to consider air, water, and soil pollution separately because their effects are interchangeable. Chemicals emitted into the air eventually combine with rain or snow and settle down to become water and land pollutants. On the other hand, volatile chemicals from soil or those that enter lakes and rivers evaporate to become air pollutants. Pesticides sprayed on land are carried by the wind to become transient air pollutants that eventually settle somewhere on land or water. For discussion purposes, however, some systematic division appears to be advisable. Although the problems of air pollution have been recognized for many decades, they were once considered to be only of local significance, restricted to industrial urban areas. With the current recognition of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, the greenhouse effect, worldwide forest destruction, and the acidification of lakes and coastal waters, air pollution assumes global significance. The sources of urban air pollution are . power generation . transportation . industry, manufacturing, and processing . residential heating . waste incineration Except for waste incineration, all of these pollution sources depend on fossil fuel and, to a lesser degree, on fuel from renewable resources such as plant material. Therefore, all of them produce essentially the same pollutants, although the quantity of each substance may vary from source to source. The principal incineration-generated pollutants are carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), a mixture of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a mixture of hydrocarbons, referred to as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), suspended particulate matter (SPM) of varying sizes, and metals, mostly bound to particles. Waste incineration, in addition, produces some chlorinated dioxins and furans that are formed on combustion of chlorine-containing organic substances Most of these air pollutants originate from geophysical, biological, and atmospheric sources. Their contribution to total air pollution is globally significant. This fact should not lead us into complacency about anthropogenic air pollution. In nature, a steady state has been established between emission and disposition of biogenic pollutants. Life on earth developed in harmony with these external influences.
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Pina, Helena, Felisbela Martins, and Luís Carramillo. "Águas subterrâneas. Águas de nascente e águas minerais naturais. O caso de Pedras Salgadas." In The Overarching Issues Of The European Space-From Sustainable Development to Sustainability, 85–104. Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Letras, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21747/978-989-9082-08-3/overa5.
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Water is a natural resource that must be preserved, because, although it covers most of our planet, only a small percentage can be consumed. It is a scarce, fragile and irreplaceable resource, but it is also renewable one. It is neither lost nor vanishes: rather, it is transferred and renewed through the hydrological cycle. Fresh water is a limited resource that can be found in rivers, lakes and as groundwater. One of the great natural properties of water is its great capacity to dissolve the most diverse substances, being, therefore, important for containing nutrients that are fundamental for the life of plants and human beings. These realized early on that some water properties could be beneficial to health. Portugal is very rich in waters that are known for their unique abilities to cure some diseases and preserve health, which distinguishes them from other groundwater. In this essay, we seek to make known the importance of these waters for health, for industry, for tourism and, consequently, for local and national development. We choose the history of Pedras Salgadas water as a case study from the time these waters were a fountain by the road, until today, when it is famous all over the world. The methodological framework we follow is based on documentary research, fieldwork and semi-structured interviews to local dynamic agents. It is intended to highlight both its past, a water with health benefits, and its present, namely with the revitalization of thermal equipment and infrastructures: the requalification of Pedras Salgadas Park, into Pedras Salgadas Spa & Nature Park, a project of high quality tourism in Portugal, and also in the development of the bottling and distribution industry of this water, which is unique in the world.
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Conant, James K., and Peter J. Balint. "Environmental Politics, Policy, and Administration in the United States." In The Life Cycles of the Council on Environmental Quality and the Environmental Protection Agency. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203702.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
A variety of human activities produce pollutants, many of which pose risks to human health, the natural environment, and the Earth’s biosphere. These activities, however, may have important economic and social purposes. For example, coal-fired utility plants emit a range of dangerous substances from their tall smokestacks, many of which fall back to Earth hundreds of miles downwind. These pollutants make breathing difficult for people who have asthma and heart disease, and they damage forests, lakes, rivers, and the ecosystems of which they are a part. Yet, the electrical power generated at these plants is used to run factories, provide heat and air conditioning for office buildings, light homes, and sustain the Internet. Likewise, the internal combustion engines in automobiles and trucks emit harmful pollutants from their exhaust pipes that cause smog in urban areas and contribute to global climate change. Yet these vehicles give people the means to travel, conduct their social lives, commute to work, and move goods to markets. These two examples illustrate the underlying contradictions, tensions, and fault lines upon which environmental politics, policy, and administration are built. Human activities that generate pollutants create benefits and impose costs. The distribution of those benefits and costs differs by areas of the country, by sectors of the economy, and among many groups and individuals within our society. For example, oil companies, automobile manufacturers, and private utility companies that own coal-fired power plants have traditionally been among the fiercest opponents of efforts to limit pollutants that degrade air quality. Environmental groups, public health groups, and elected officials in urban areas and the states of the Northeast and West Coast have been among the strongest supporters of air pollution controls. Opponents of efforts to limit pollution generally contend that such limits lead to increased prices and lost jobs. Utility companies do incur costs when they purchase and install air pollution control equipment. Those costs are passed on to manufacturing firms, tenants in office buildings, and homeowners in the form of higher electricity bills.
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Rickard, David. "Acid Earth." In Pyrite. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190203672.003.0011.
Full textAbstract:
The atmosphere and much of the rivers, lakes, and oceans of the Earth are oxygenated. Any pyrite that comes into contact with these environments becomes unstable and breaks down. The process is called oxidation. It is an exothermic process and, as described in Chapter 5, this process was thought to heat the Earth. It is the opposite of reduction, which we discussed with regard to the microbial formation of sulfide from sulfate in Chapter 6. The counterintuitive concept important here is that oxidation is a chemical process that does not necessarily need oxygen. This idea—that you can oxidize things in the absence of oxygen—is one that most natural scientists are aware of but that they need a couple of nudges occasionally to remind themselves about. This means that pyrite oxidizes not only in oxygenated environments—although that is what we are most familiar with—but also in oxygen-free environments. Among the products of pyrite oxidation are large quantities of acid. Although this happens naturally during rock weathering, the intervention of humankind has led to an enormous increase in the exposure of pyrite to the atmosphere. This has produced contamination of the atmosphere, groundwater, and watercourses on a regional scale. It has also increased the amount of uncontrolled coal burning in coal seams, coal mines, and coal waste tips worldwide, making whole towns uninhabitable and laying waste to large areas. In this chapter I consider in more detail what exactly the process of pyrite oxidation is and how it affects the Earth’s environment today, as well as the problems it stores up for humanity in the future. In chemical terms, oxidation does not mean just the addition of oxygen. Oxidation is a reaction that involves the removal of one or more electrons from a compound because of a chemical reaction. One of the most familiar oxidation reactions is combustion, where substances burn in air to produce heat. The way to put out such a fire is to restrict oxygen access using a chemical foam or fire blanket. Since this reaction with oxygen was the best known, the process was called originally called oxidation.
Conference papers on the topic "Radioactive substances in rivers, lakes"
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Tamura, Satoshi, and Akira Satoh. "Brownian Dynamics Simulations of a Dispersion Composed of Two-Types of Charged Spherical Particles: For Development of a New Technology to Improve the Visibility of Rivers and Lakes." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-87152.
Full textAbstract:
In the present study, we treat the dirty (small) and the adsorbing (large) particles as charged and anti-charged spheres and investigate the behavior of these particles under the gravity field by means of Brownian dynamics simulations. We here have discussed mainly the dependence of the adsorption rate on the particle diameter ratio, the volumetric fraction of large particles and the input amount of large particles. The large particles adsorb much more small particles, but the total number of small particles adsorbed by the large particles is larger for large particles with smaller diameter. Hence it is seen that putting a numerous number of adsorbing particles with smaller diameter into water is more effective for removing the suspended substances or dirty particles. Even if the input amount of large particles is increased, an adsorption performance cannot significantly be improved; the number of inefficient large particles that do not contribute to the adsorption performance increases. From these results, we understand that there is an optimal input amount of adsorption agents from a commercial point of view.
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Linenberg, Amos. "Continuous on Site Monitoring of VOCs in Water Sources." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4677.
Full textAbstract:
Public concern over the state of the environment is at an all-time high and rightfully so! Industry practice, recent government regulations and lax enforcement have allowed frightening practices to continue for too long. Industries must, by law, monitor the level of toxins they discharge into the environment. Collecting samples and sending them to an off-site laboratory for analysis is the normal practice to comply with present regulations. This protocol is not only a time-consuming and costly exercise, but does not provide continuous information for alerting the public and the authorities of a potential disaster. A water treatment plant is obligated to test water for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at frequencies that vary from a few times per week to once every three months. Authorities may test finished water as infrequently as once per year. This means that drinking water supplied or waste water discharged, between discrete analyses, is of unknown purity. Since September 11, 2001, an additional dimension, “water security”, has been added to the need for instantaneous analysis. Protection and preservation of water sources such as reservoirs, lakes and rivers from intentional and unintentional contamination, have become an issue, which involves homeland security. Here again, obtaining a fast and accurate response at all times is extremely important. Sentex Systems, Inc., which has specialized for several years in on site VOCs analysis, has developed a system by which online continuous analysis of VOCs in water is available. This system, which is based on the principle of in-situ purge and trap Gas Chromatography, will detect and analyze VOCs on site for most industrial and environmental applications, without the need for sample preparation, such as filtration. The system can continuously monitor process streams so that at any given time plant management knows what the VOC content is. The system, called the SituProbe, is already being used successfully in various industrial plants.
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Geddes, Brian, Chris Wenzel, Michael Owen, Mark Gardiner, and Julie Brown. "Remediation of Canada’s Historic Haul Route for Radium and Uranium Ores: The Northern Transportation Route." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59303.
Full textAbstract:
Established in the 1930s, the Northern Transportation Route (NTR) served to transport pitchblende ore 2,200 km from the Port Radium Mine in Canada’s Northwest Territories to Fort McMurray in Alberta. From there, the ore was shipped 3,000 km by rail to the Town of Port Hope, Ontario, where it was refined for its radium content and used for medical purposes. Later, transport and refinement focussed on uranium. The corridor of lakes, rivers, portages and roads that made up the NTR included a number of transfer points, where ore was unloaded and transferred to other barges or trucks. Ore was occasionally spilled during these transfer operations and, in some cases, subsequently distributed over larger areas as properties were re-developed or modified. In addition, relatively small volumes of ore were sometimes transported by air to the south. Since 1991, the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Management Office (LLRWMO), working with communities and its consulting contractors, has conducted surveys to identify and characterize spill sites along the NTR where soils exhibit elevated concentrations of uranium, radium and/or arsenic. In addition to significant areas of impact in Fort McMurray, contamination along the NTR was centred in the Sahtu region near Great Bear Lake and along the southern part of the Slave River. Early radiological investigations found contaminated buildings and soil and occasionally discrete pieces of pitchblende ore at many transfer points and storage areas along the NTR. Where possible, survey work was undertaken in conjunction with property redevelopment activity requiring the relocation of impacted soils (e.g., at Tulita, Fort Smith, Hay River, and Fort McMurray). When feasible to consolidate contaminated material locally, it was placed into Long Term Management Facilities developed to manage and monitor the materials over extended timelines. Radiological activity generated by these engineered facilities are generally below thresholds established by Canadian regulators, meaning they are straightforward to maintain, with minor environmental and community impacts. Securing community acceptance for these facilities is critical, and represents the predominant development component of plans for managing ore-impacted soils. In those circumstances where local consolidation is not achievable, materials have been relocated to disposal facilities outside of the region. The LLRWMO is continuing a program of public consultation, technical evaluation and environmental assessment to develop management plans for the remaining ore-impacted sites on the NTR. This paper will highlight current activities and approaches applied for the responsible management of uranium and radium mining legacies.