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1
Grebin, V. V., and T. V. Hinchuk. "ASSESSMENT OF THE POSSIBILITY OF REGULATING THE WATER REGIME OF CERTAIN TERRITORIES OF THE CHERNOBYL EXCLUSION ZONE." Hydrology, hydrochemistry and hydroecology, no. 3 (69) (2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2306-5680.2023.3.2.
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The characteristics of the natural features of the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ), in particular the nature of the relief, soil cover, main plant groups, and landscape characteristics, are provided. The hydrographic network of the region is detailed, represented by rivers, lakes, ponds, dams of the Pripyat and Uzh rivers, the reservoir of the Kyiv HPP, reclamation channels, water mirrors in front of filtration dams. It was noted that the main processes that form the current level of radioactive contamination of water systems in the CEZ are natural processes of radioactive decay, vertical sinking and geochemical fixation of radionuclides. Analysis of water pollution monitoring data in rivers and canals of the exclusion zone shows that by regulating water levels in most areas of the catchment areas of the CEZ, it is impossible to significantly influence the reduction of water pollution in them compared to the effects of their natural self-purification. Therefore, it is impractical to continue large-scale works on water flow regulation by hydrotechnical structures in order to minimize the removal of radioactive substances beyond the exclusion zone. It is advisable to leave in operation only those systems that allow maintaining increased moisture in peatlands, reducing the risks of fires. The studies carried out on the reclamation system “Buryakivka” in the basin of the Sakhan River, as an experimental training ground for the regulation of the regime of floodplains of the CEZ, are covered in detail. The use of the method of remote sensing of the Earth (DSS) to control the water regime and monitor the transformation of reclamation systems into wetlands is substantiated. In particular, spectral analysis of image pixels in different parts of the spectrum using vegetation indices. A positive nature protection effect from the increase in the area of wetlands in the Exclusion Zone was noted in the context of the prospects of climate change and in the context of the probability of increasing cases of dry periods in the territory of Polissia.
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Borovyk, I. I., and O. M. Marenkov. "Analysis of linear-weight parameters of narrow-clawed crayfish (Astacus) in water reservoirs of Dnipropetrovsk region." Animal Biology 25, no. 4 (December 2023): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/animbiol25.04.037.
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This research focuses on studying the narrow-clawed crayfish in the Dnipropetrovsk region. The narrow-clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus, is a crucial component of industrial fisheries and plays a significant role in the development of aquatic ecosystems. Within the territory of the Dnipropetrovsk region, crayfish inhabit various freshwater bodies, including rivers, lakes, floodplains, and ponds. It is known that water bodies in the Dnipro region undergo substantial anthropogenic impact, leading to alterations in the life cycles and reproductive features of hydrobionts. Investigated areas of reservoirs were characterized by diverse levels and factors of pollution, such as contamination of water with chemical and radioactive substances, oil products, wastewater, and the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. These anthropogenic interventions may result in a decrease in populations of aquatic organisms, posing a serious threat to water ecosystems. The sensitivity to environmental changes makes crayfish a valuable bioindicator species. Fertility indicators and morphometric characteristics can be considered as bioindicators. The analysis of linear-weight parameters revealed that crayfish extracted from the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir had a body length 15–18% greater than those from the Kamianske and Samara Bay. Additionally, they exhibited larger cephalothorax dimensions by 18–20%, and their mass was almost 50% higher compared to individuals from other water bodies. Samara Bay demonstrated significantly lower fertility indicators compared to the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir, with crayfish fertility being reliably 63% lower. The established differences in morphometric indicators between crayfish from the Zaporizhzhia Reservoir, Samara Bay and Kamianske Reservoir may indicate heterogeneity in the living conditions within the water bodies of Dnipropetrovsk and might be induced by anthropogenic pressures.
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Grishina, Nina. "Environmental Aspects of the State of African Coastal Territories." Uchenie zapiski Instituta Afriki RAN 60, no. 3 (September 7, 2022): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31132/2412-5717-2022-60-3-110-118.
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To preserve the ecological balance and health of the population of the African continent, it is necessary to maintain the cleanliness of the surrounding rivers, lakes and ocean coasts. Oil production, transportation of oil and petroleum products inevitably lead to pollution of sea waters due to accidents on tankers, equipment breakdowns, and fires. Oceanic coasts are of great importance for the development of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the national economies of African countries. However, many coastal areas are contaminated with industrial and household waste, oil refining waste and sewage. As a result of the growth of cities, the increase in the number of urban residents and the development of industry, a huge number of substances that do not decompose naturally is discharged into water sources. Currently, domestic sewage in most coastal cities does not meet modern sanitary requirements, since the repair of old and the laying of new sewage treatment plants require large financial investments. In the interests of nature and human health, a number of international instruments has been adopted prohibiting the import of hazardous and radioactive waste, as well as the dumping or incineration of hazardous waste in the oceans and inland waters on the African continent. In some African countries, periodic clean-up activities are carried out on ocean and river coasts, but they are ad hoc and do not have a decisive impact on the state of contaminated areas. Experts of international environmental organizations have proposed a set of measures for the conservation and rational use of water resources: construction of wastewater treatment plants; mandatory environmental assessment of all major water management projects; development of measures to eliminate possible damage; control of new industrial installations and industrial waste disposal; design and operation of landfills based on reliable hydrogeological information and environmental expertise. However, these regulations are often violated, and solving the problem of coastal water pollution remains a distant prospect.
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Patsyuk, M. "NEW FINDINGS OF THE NAKED FILOSE AMOEBAE IN NATURAL BIOTOPES OF UKRAINE." Ukrainian Journal of Natural Sciences, no. 2 (January 28, 2023): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/naturaljournal.2.2023.19-33.
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We have identified 10 species of naked filose amoebae in different types of water bodies in Ukraine. Original morphological descriptions have been compiled for all species. The most common species are Arachnula impatiens, Penardia mutabilis, Nuclearia delicatula, Biomyxa vagans, Vampyrellidium perforans, Nuclearia flavocapsulata, the least common are Vampyrella lateritia, Lateromyxa gallica, Leptophrys elegans, Leptophrys vorax. Established ecological groups of these protists in relation to the abiotic factors of the aquatic environment: euryoxidic (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, A. impatiens, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia), stenooxidic (V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica), stenobionts (A. impatiens, V. perforans, B. vagans, L. gallica) and those that withstand a wide range of permanganate oxidation values (N. delicatula, N. flavocapsulata, P. mutabilis, L. elegans, L. vorax, V. lateritia). The largest number of species of these protists is observed in rivers (8 species) and floodplains (7 species), the smallest – in swamps (3 species); 5 species of filose amoeba were found in the lakes. We encountered P. mutabilis only in rivers, B. vagans in swamps, and V. perforans in floodplains. L. elegans, L. vorax species, which can be considered eurytopic, occurred in all types of reservoirs. The largest share of common species of naked amoebas is observed between rivers and floodplains (0.80), rivers and lakes (0.77), floodplains and lakes (0.67) and lakes and swamps (0.50), the smallest – between floodplains reservoirs and swamps (0.40) and rivers and swamps (0.36). According to the species composition of naked filose amoebae, two species complexes are distinguished: swamp and floodplain, which includes species that mainly occur in rivers and in reservoirs located in river valleys. The species complexes of rivers, floodplains and swamps are influenced to a greater extent by water temperature and the concentration of organic substances dissolved in water, and to a lesser extent by the concentration of oxygen dissolved in water. The species composition of naked filose amoebas of rivers and floodplains is associated with a higher temperature and a higher content of organic substances dissolved in water compared to the species composition of swamp amoebas.
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Yamanouchi, K., T. Tsujiguchi, Y. Shiroma, T. Suzuki, Y. Tamakuma, M. Yamaguchi, Y. Sakamoto, et al. "COMPARISON OF BACTERIAL FLORA IN RIVER SEDIMENTS FROM FUKUSHIMA AND AOMORI PREFECTURES BY 16S RDNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 184, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2019): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncz114.
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AbstractMonitoring of radioactive materials has been reported in rivers and soil in Fukushima post the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in March 2011. However, there are few reports on the influence of this event on bacteria in forest soils and rivers. Therefore, through amplicon sequencing of 16S rDNA we compared the bacterial flora in river sediment soils from Fukushima prefecture and from an area not exposed to radioactive contamination, Aomori prefecture. The bacterial composition in the Aomori prefecture soil and Fukushima soil were found to be very similar at the phylum level. However, Fukushima soil had significantly fewer Bacteroidetes than the Aomori soil (p = 0.014), while the content of Firmicutes and Latescibacteria (WS3) was significantly higher (p = 0.001, 0.013 respectively). However, no increase in the content of radioactive-resistant bacteria was observed. In future studies, it is necessary to standardise the conditions for soil collection to assess its content of radioactive substances.
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Ziembowicz, Sabina, Małgorzata Kida, and Piotr Koszelnik. "Selected EPs in the water of certain Polish lakes and rivers." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900136.
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Negative and effectively “irreversible” changes in the environment have often been caused by one or more factors including the intensive development of new technologies, progressing urbanisation and - above all - insufficient knowledge of the properties and toxic effects of many chemicals used. Hundreds of non-natural compounds capable of exerting a negative effect on the natural environment have now been identified in it, including within the broad categories of pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Such new and emerging pollutants pose a serious threat to living organisms on account of their tendency to accumulate in certain parts of the environment. Furthermore, the substances in question may prove toxic and harmful to human beings and the environment even at low concentrations. Work described here thus had as its objective an analysis of the pollution of surface water in Poland in terms of content of organic compounds in general, and the aforementioned emerging organic pollutants in particular. Results confirm the presence in waters of such substances as phthalic esters, polybrominated diphenylethers, and organic tin compounds. Reference to average values for individual parameters in the cases of different rivers and lakes further show that, as of 2014-15, the various Polish surface waters researched were characterised by similar levels of pollution, other than in the case of naphthalene.
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Monte, L., S. Fratarcangeli, S. Quaggia, F. Pompei, and G. Andrasi. "A predictive model for the behaviour of dissolved radioactive substances in stratified lakes." Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 13, no. 4 (January 1991): 297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-931x(91)90003-x.
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Purba, Jhon Sufriadi, and Jandri Fan HT Saragi. "Kajian Saluran Sungai Akibat Gesekan Limbah pada Aliran Sungai di Bantaran Sungai Kelurahan Toba, Kec. Siantar Selatan." ABDI SABHA (Jurnal Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat) 2, no. 3 (October 19, 2021): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.53695/jas.v2i3.473.
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River pollution is the entry of various substances and non-biodegradable objects that result in contaminated water and loss of function. Besides being a source of various diseases, water pollution also causes flooding. Protecting the river is the same as maintaining survival in the future. Rivers have been the most important part of human life since ancient times. In human evolution, rivers and lakes played an unimaginable role. Rivers are not only important for animals and birds to live, but are also a major source of drinking water. And their environmental value, economic value, and spiritual value touch everyone in the world. In India, people at one time even worshiped rivers as life-giving gods and goddesses. The reason is that every time we search for life, we look for a drop of water first. Rivers carry water and nutrients to areas around the earth. They play a very important role in the water cycle, acting as drainage channels for surface water. Rivers flow almost 75% of the earth's land surface.
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Ovchinnikova, N. G., V. A. Timofeeva, and E. I. Zhidkova. "The problems of irrational use of water resources in the Rostov region." Economy and ecology of territorial educations 4, no. 4 (2020): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/2413-1474-2020-4-4-65-71.
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The problem of irrational use of water resources is relevant today and has a global manifestation. Due to the irrational and improper use of water resources, the quality of water in lakes, rivers, seas and other reservoirs of water is gradually deteriorating. But water is the most valuable natural resource. The rapid development of human activity, the careless use of water resources leads to the ingress of chemical, biological and physical substances into them that are not characteristic of a clean water reservoir. Problems of this kind have become too acute and their solution is in the first place for humanity.
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KUFFEL, Fernando J. M., Cassiano R. BRANDT, Daniel KUHN, Clarice STEFFENS, Simone STULP, Rafael R. ECKHARDT, Gustavo REISDÖRFER, Maria C. A. SILVA, Maurício HILGEMANN, and Lucélia HOEHNE. "ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS (AOPS) FOR MICROPOLLUTANT TREATMENT: A REVIEW." Periódico Tchê Química 14, no. 27 (January 20, 2017): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v14.n27.2017.65_periodico27_pgs_65_74.pdf.
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The growing preoccupation about drinking water quality available on earth, a new order of emergent pollutants in rivers and lakes has called the attention of the scientific community, the micropollutants. These compounds come from the irregular or involuntary ejectment of substances such as pesticides, drugs, insecticides and other into the nature. By having a complex structure, the micropollutants have high resistance over the traditional water treatment to human consume. Thus, alternatives methodologies to their degradation have been studied, such as advanced oxidation process (AOPs). The AOPs are based in the formation of hydroxyls radicals (OH-) highly reactive that degrade complexes substances into lesser aggressive products as CO2 and water. Even though many methods to generate hydroxyls radicals from advanced oxidation processes exist, they differentiate on the application and viability. This review shows different methodologies using AOPs and their respective application characteristics, also some works already made in complexes substances treatment, which prove their efficiency.
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Zhang, Chi, Wenjing Li, Wei Du, Bingshuai Cao, Wenlin Wang, Bo Pang, Huashan Dou, Wen Ao, Bo Liu, and Shihao Yao. "A High Accumulation of Dissolved Organic Matter in the Water Resulting from Terrestrial Input into a Large, Shallow Steppe Lake." Water 15, no. 9 (April 23, 2023): 1646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15091646.
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is generally the dominant carbon pool in freshwater lakes and plays a vital role in the regional or even global carbon cycle. In recent years, steppe lakes have been subject to two stressors: eutrophication and abnormally high concentrations of organic matter. However, little is known about the sources and composition of the organic matter. In this study, carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios and three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were adopted to identify the sources and composition of DOM in Hulun Lake, a large shallow steppe lake. The physicochemical and water quality parameters of Hulun Lake and three inflow rivers, Crulen River, Orshen River and Hailar River, were also investigated. The results showed that visible fulvic-like fluorescence (peak C) and tryptophan-like substances (peak T) were the main components of the DOM. The C/N atomic ratios and spectral characteristics of the DOM suggested that approximately 82% of the DOM in Lake Hulun is derived from terrigenous material. The results underscore that it is necessary to devote more research attention to terrestrial inputs into steppe lakes.
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Hussein, Rabar Mohammed, Bulent Sen, and Feray Sonmez. "EUTROPHICATION PROCESSAND WATER QUALITY INDICES." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 6, no. 9 (April 2, 2020): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v6.i9.2019.453.
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The paper recent by indices of water quality and effects of eutrophication, Water is one of the most widely distributed substances across the world’s surface and is crucial for a variety of aspects of human health, development and well-being as well as for the functioning of natural ecosystems. Eutrophication is an environmental process enrichment of waters by inorganic nutrients, especially these nutrients are nitrogen and phosphors and results from primary productions. On the other hand, Pollution by eutrophication due to the problems in lakes, rivers and marine habitat. Water quality is important for our health and well-being, can be used for diffident purposes.
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Krylov, A. L., A. V. Nossov, A. I. Nikitin, and A. I. Kryshev. "Modelling of transport of radioactive substances from the Siberian Chemical Combine by the Tom and Ob rivers." Radioprotection 46, no. 6 (2011): S467—S473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/20116598s.
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Evrard, Olivier, Caroline Chartin, J. Patrick Laceby, Yuichi Onda, Yoshifumi Wakiyama, Atsushi Nakao, Olivier Cerdan, et al. "Radionuclide contamination in flood sediment deposits in the coastal rivers draining the main radioactive pollution plume of Fukushima Prefecture, Japan (2011–2020)." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): 2555–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2555-2021.
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Abstract. Artificial radionuclides including radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) and radiosilver (110mAg) were released into the environment following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident in March 2011. These particle-bound substances deposited on soils of north-eastern Japan, located predominantly within a ∼3000 km2 radioactive fallout plume and drained by several coastal rivers to the Pacific Ocean. The current dataset (Evrard et al., 2021), which can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.928594, compiles gamma-emitting artificial radionuclide activities measured in 782 sediment samples collected from 27 to 71 locations across catchments draining ∼6450 km2 during 16 fieldwork campaigns. These campaigns were conducted in Japan between November 2011 and November 2020 in river catchments draining the main radioactive plume. This database may be useful to evaluate and anticipate the post-accidental redistribution of radionuclides in the environment and for the spatial validation of models simulating the transfer of radiocesium across continental landscapes.
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Liu, Wenxiu, Heng Zhang, Yang Liu, Xu Li, Haijian Lu, Changsheng Guo, and Jian Xu. "Occurrence, distribution, and ecological risk of psychoactive substances in typical lakes and rivers in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 242 (September 2022): 113928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113928.
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Lam, Nguyen-Hoang, Chon-Rae Cho, Jung-Sick Lee, Ho-Young Soh, Byoung-Cheun Lee, Jae-An Lee, Norihisa Tatarozako, et al. "Perfluorinated alkyl substances in water, sediment, plankton and fish from Korean rivers and lakes: A nationwide survey." Science of The Total Environment 491-492 (September 2014): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.01.045.
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Grabarczyk, Malgorzata, and Agnieszka Wawruch. "Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Film as a Simple Tool for Determination of Trace Concentrations of Lead Ions." Membranes 14, no. 2 (February 12, 2024): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes14020053.
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A copper film-modified, carboxyl-functionalized, and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT-COOH)-modified screen-printed carbon electrode (CuF/MWCNTs/SPCE) was used for lead determination using anodic stripping voltammetry. The main parameters were investigated and optimized during the development of the research procedure. The most optimal electrolyte concentrations were determined to be 0.4 M HCl and 6.3 × 10−5 M Cu(II). The optimal parameters for voltammetric stripping measurements are as follows: an accumulation potential of −0.7 V; an accumulation time of 120 s; and a pulse amplitude and pulse time of 120 mV and 2 ms, respectively. The effect of surface active substances and humic substances as potential interferents present in aqueous environmental samples was investigated. The validation of the procedure was carried out using certified reference materials, like waste water SPS-WW1 and environmental matrix TM-25.5. In addition, the developed procedure was applied to investigate lead recovery from natural environmental water, such as rivers and lakes.
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Terrazas, Karem Arely Aguirre, Medellín-Castillo Nahúm, Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz Baltazar, Onatan Torres Pérez, and Simón Yobanny Reyes López. "REVIEW OF ALUMINA IN ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR EMERGING POLLUTANTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 9, no. 4 (May 7, 2021): 435–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v9.i4.2021.3846.
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Water pollution can be found in the oceans, seas, rivers and lakes which can be taken as organic pollutants or better known as emerging pollutants. Emerging pollutants (EP´s) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, these molecules are in the food chain causing risks and adverse effects for human health and the environment. EP´s are not they are discharged as effluents indiscriminately, for this reason is important to improve water treatment by the application of advanced techniques as adsorption. Adsorbents like alumina are known for their large surface area, high mechanical properties and good resistivity to thermal degradation. Aluminum oxide or alumina (Al2O3) is a solid white ceramic material which has been considered an efficient adsorbent for EP´s removal as advanced water treatment.
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Konishchuk, V., and M. Khrystetska. "Ecological assessment of eutrofication of lakes in «Shatskyі» biosphere reserve." Agroecological journal, no. 3 (August 23, 2023): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2077-4893.3.2023.287764.
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The natural process of eutrophication of hydroecosystems is determined by many factors and is mostly long-term, almost irreversible. In the 20th and 21st centuries. Accelerated anthropogenic eutrophication of many waters took place, in particular the lakes of Shatsky group (Shatskyi National Natural Park, Volyn Region, Ukraine). Changes in water due to their enrichment with biogenic substances and chemical compounds accompany the increase in plant productivity and may be the result of «natural aging», anthropogenic influence, organic pollution. One of the concepts of the succession of lake ecosystems assumes that lakes go through different stages of trophicity (nutrition), starting with oligotrophy or dystrophy. The last stage (climax) of the successional series is intensive eutrophication, during which the lake is partially replaced by a swamp and, in the end, can become a dry land, meadow, shrub or forest vegetation. Eutrophication of lake ecosystems is accompanied by a change in transparency, chlorophyll a concentration, and oxygen concentration. An active phase of eutrophication of the limnoecosystems of Shatskyi biosphere reserve has been established. On the territory of the latter there are rivers and streams with a constant water flow, more than 114 km long, and also includes 31 lakes. The results of ecological studies of various types of water bodies of Shatsky Lakes, which were carried out in 2016–2020, are presented. The performed typification of Shatsky Lakes by the area of the water mirror proved that there are no very large lakes here, there are three large lakes (Svityaz, Pulemetske, Luky-Peremut). The analysis of the nature-reserved territory of Western Polissia proved that special attention should be paid to lakes of small and small sizes, as well as medium and shallow lakes (Lynovets, Somynets, Buzhnya Bay, etc.), which are not capable of active self-regulation. The optimal mechanism for monitoring the ecological state of water bodies (lakes) using the remote sensing method is proposed.
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Ehalt Macedo, Heloisa, Bernhard Lehner, Jim Nicell, and Günther Grill. "HydroFATE (v1): a high-resolution contaminant fate model for the global river system." Geoscientific Model Development 17, no. 7 (April 16, 2024): 2877–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-2877-2024.
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Abstract. Pharmaceuticals and household chemicals are neither fully consumed nor fully metabolized when routinely used by humans, thereby resulting in the emission of residues down household drains and into wastewater collection systems. Since treatment systems cannot entirely remove these substances from wastewaters, the contaminants from many households connected to sewer systems are continually released into surface waters. Furthermore, diffuse contributions of wastewaters from populations that are not connected to treatment systems can directly (i.e., through surface runoff) or indirectly (i.e., through soils and groundwater) contribute to contaminant concentrations in rivers and lakes. The unplanned and unmonitored release of such contaminants can pose important risks to aquatic ecosystems and ultimately human health. In this work, the contaminant fate model HydroFATE is presented, which is designed to estimate the surface-water concentrations of domestically used substances for virtually any river in the world. The emission of compounds is calculated based on per capita consumption rates and population density. A global database of wastewater treatment plants is used to separate the effluent pathways from populations into treated and untreated and to incorporate the contaminant pathways into the river network. The transport in the river system is simulated while accounting for processes of environmental decay in streams and in lakes. To serve as a preliminary performance evaluation and proof of concept of the model, the antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) was chosen, due to its widespread use and the availability of input and validation data. The comparison of modelled concentrations against a compilation of reported SMX measurements in surface waters revealed reasonable results despite inherent model uncertainties. A total of 409 000 km of rivers were predicted to have SMX concentrations that exceed environmental risk thresholds. Given the high spatial resolution of predictions, HydroFATE is particularly useful as a screening tool to identify areas of potentially elevated contaminant exposure and to guide where local monitoring and mitigation strategies should be prioritized.
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AKBAYEVA, Lyailya, Zhumabike Bakeshova, Nurgul Mamytova, Akhan Abzhalelov, Dinara Yevneyeva, Zhanar Rakhymzhan, and Abay Tazhen. "THE ABILITY OF NATURAL WATERS TO SELF-PURIFY, DEPENDING ON THE DEGREE OF CHEMICAL POLLUTION." Eurasian Journal of Ecology 79, no. 2 (2024): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26577/eje.2024.v79.i2-03.
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Self-purification in surface waters involves many components of the aquatic ecosystem, among which aquatic microorganisms play an important role, which perform the function of primary oxidation or reduction of pollutants entering the reservoir. However, a number of chemicals that pollute lakes and rivers inhibit the activity of bacterioplankton. This leads to the fact that the ability of the reservoir to self-cleaning is sharply violated and its degradation occurs. The activity of the process of destruction of organic substances can be judged by the oxygen parameters in the water of rivers and lakes. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of general chemical pollution of substances in natural water bodies on the ability of self-purification due to microorganisms.To assess the ability of water bodies to self-purify, the R/BOD ratio was used. The functional activity of microorganisms in the samples was assessed by their ability to reduce the ratio of dissolved oxygen on the first day R1/BOD1 and on the fifth day R5/BOD5 in the presence of test pollutants: gasoline, surfactant and antibiotic.It was shown that the decrease in the self-cleaning ability of natural waters under the influence of various pollutants from bioorganic pollution both in the river and in the lake is of a general nature. In a comparative study of the degree of suppression of heterotrophic destruction in lake and river water for gasoline, Fairy detergent and antibiotic Ospamox 250 mg, the latter most sharply reduces the ability of water bodies to bioorganic destruction at a dilution of 1:999, and at a dilution of 1:99 completely destroys it.The second most inhibiting natural water self-purification agent is Fairy detergent. When diluted 1:9 and 1:99 Fairy reduces self-cleaning ability to zero on the fifth day.Gasoline is capable of suppressing self-purification only in relatively large quantities: 1:9 in relation to water.
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Kim, Young Keo. "Can We Find a Way to Solve Microplastic Pollution?" Science Insights 44, no. 2 (February 29, 2024): 1235–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.24.co173.
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The issue of microplastic pollution has escalated in significance and urgency due to the global infiltration of minuscule plastic particles into terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Microplastics are generated through a variety of processes, including the decomposition of larger plastics, industrial operations, and the incorporation of microbeads into personal care items. These substances have been detected in sediments, lakes, rivers, oceans, and even the air we breathe. The detrimental impacts of microplastics on the well-being of wildlife are extensively documented. These particles present hazards to marine organisms such as seabirds, fish, and sea turtles via ingestion or entanglement. Moreover, they might function as vectors through which detrimental substances infiltrate the food chain. To adequately tackle this matter, it is imperative to adopt a multidisciplinary strategy that encompasses policy interventions aimed at restricting plastic production and consumption, advancements in waste management technologies, public awareness initiatives promoting sustainable lifestyles, and ongoing research to comprehensively comprehend the problem's magnitude and ecological repercussions. The assurance of a cleaner environment for future generations is contingent upon our collective efforts to mitigate microplastic pollution.
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Takeuchi, Y., Y. Suzuki, A. Koizumi, and N. Soeda. "Removal of Trihalomethane Precursors from River and Lake Water by Activated Carbon Adsorption." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 7-9 (April 1, 1991): 1687–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0623.
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A comprehensive study was undertaken to clarify the method of reducing trihalomethane and its precursors from river and lake water in view of drinking water purification. Sources of water were chosen among lakes and rivers in Eastern Japan and biological treatment and coagulative precipitation of the water samples were carried out prior to activated carbon adsorption. A strong relation was shown between TOC and THMFP of raw and treated samples, and the relation changed due to the extent of biological treatment. Though the chemical structure of substances which may cause trihalomethane formation is not clear, the content of ammoniacal nitrogen is responsible for the reduction of trihalomethane formation produced by the addition of chlorine. However, this does not mean that the reduction of chlorine dose can be achieved simply by the process of biological treatment.
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Heinonen, P., and S. Herve. "The development of a new water quality classification system for Finland." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 10 (November 1, 1994): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0507.
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The water quality classification system in Finland consists of three different sub-systems: a quality-based classification of watercourses for recreational purposes, a raw water (for domestic use) classification and a quality classification of watercourses for fishing. As a combination of these three sub-systems a general water quality classification has been widely used since 1988. However, there is a need to improve this system to be more sensitive in classification e.g. in the occurrence of harmful substances, especially organic chlorocompounds originating from pulp bleaching, and the early stages of eutrophication in very oligotrophic lakes. Also the quality classification of small rivers, very typical for Finland, needs more data about the biocoenosis, the living part of the river. Some ideas to improve the classification system in these respects are presented.
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Amano, Koji, and Takehiko Fukushima. "On the Longitudinal and Vertical Changes in Lake Estuarine Sediments." Water Science and Technology 20, no. 6-7 (June 1, 1988): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1988.0198.
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In order to obtain environmental information about lake water and watersheds, the vertical and longitudinal distributions of physical and chemical properties in lake sediments were investigated. The concentrations of several substances (e.g., nutrients, metals, and chemicals) in the sediments were determined at fifty sampling sites in sixteen shallow lakes in Japan. The vertical profiles of particle size, particle organic carbon, particle organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, some metals (Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu), and LAS were analysed. Various sediment properties, such as the sedimentation conditions and the redox conditions, were related to the vertical profiles observed, and traces of historical changes in the water and watersheds were found in the sediments. Longitudinal changes in the sediments between the mouths of the rivers and the deepest points of the lakes were clearly observed, and it was expected that these changes would correlate with one of the estuarine characteristics since they reflect the spatial variation in average composition of the particulate matter and in the average water quality. Some significant relationships between the lake sediments and the lake or watershed type were observed, indicating the possibility that lake sediments may be one of the most important indices for understanding lake environments.
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Kļaviņš, Māris, Ilga Kokorīte, Valērijs Rodinovs, and Maruta Jankevica. "Past human impact and pollutant loading reconstruction in Lake Engure as a tool for lake basin management." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 68, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2014): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2014-0003.
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Abstract Environmental pollution of lakes and rivers is considered as one of the most important environmental problems. Analysis of nutrient and trace element accumulation in sedimentary phases of lakes can reflect the overall regional pollution level, and the observed accumulation patterns of pollutants in sediment profiles can be used to reconstruct the history of anthropogenic impacts. As pollutants in sediments are associated with other substances, it is important not only to study total concentrations of pollutants, but also their speciation forms. The aim of this study was to describe phosphorus (including speciation forms) and trace element concentrations in sediment profiles of Lake Engure and to evaluate human impact on organic matter accumulation and properties in lake sediments. The concentrations of the studied elements in sediments of Lake Engure are at background levels, which is clearly evident when compared with metal concentrations in lake sediments in West European countries. The analysis of element concentration changes in sedimentary profiles provided information about trends in recent accumulation (within the last 100 years) and on the balance between natural and human-induced accumulation processes. Analysis of nutrient concentrations in sediments aided in identifying background values as targets for lake management activities.
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Nurgaliуev, B. E., A. K. Zhumabaуev, Zh S. Kushmukhanov, B. T. Kadralieva, Zh T. Ussenov, and A. К. Inirbayev. "STUDIES OF FISH AND FISH PRODUCTS FOR THE PRESENCE OF HEAVY METAL SALT AND RADIONUCLIDES IN WATER BODIES OF THE WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION." HERALD OF SCIENCE OF S SEIFULLIN KAZAKH AGRO TECHNICAL RESEARCH UNIVERSITY : Veterinary sciences, no. 1(001) (March 27, 2023): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51452/kazatuvc.2023.1(001).1348.
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With the increase in production and processing industries, as well as the extraction of minerals in the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it leads to pollution of the environment, ecology, wildlife and water resources of our country. All production capacities in agriculture and animal husbandry require water resources. As part of the research work, diagnostics were carried out on the content of salts of heavy metals and radioactive substances in the water bodies of the West Kazakhstan region, where they originate with transboundary rivers and an oil and gas field (KPO) is being produced. To carry out our research work, samples of fish products were taken from 15 reservoirs and 3 objects of domestic trade for laboratory testing for the content of salts of heavy metals (Pb, Cd) and radionuclides (Sr-90, Cs 134). Radioactive substances accumulate in the bones and muscles of fish, and subsequently enter the human body through ingestion. The risk of developing adverse effects on human health depends on the radiation dose. If the radiation dose is low, or if exposure occurs over a long period of time, the risk is much lower as the human body repairs damaged cells and molecules. Lead and cadmium harm the human nervous system and its mental development, it can cause kidney damage and lead to bone disease. It is necessary to constantly monitor the content of salts of heavy metals and radionuclides in fish and livestock products, since safe products are a guarantee of public health.
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Tsoraeva, Eleonora, Alan Bekmurzov, Soslan Kozyrev, Alan Khoziev, and Aslanbek Kozyrev. "Environmental issues of agriculture as a consequence of the intensification of the development of agricultural industry." E3S Web of Conferences 215 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021502003.
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The paper deals with the environmental issues of agriculture. Examples are given that pose a threat to the vital activity of living organisms from various types of agricultural and human activities. The subject of the study is the analysis of environmental issues arising from the intensification of the development of agricultural industry. Intensive agricultural activity leads to pollution of surface rivers, lakes, seas and groundwater, soil degradation and aquatic ecosystems; violation of the water regime in large areas during drainage and irrigation; desertification due to wind erosion; destruction of natural habitats of living organisms of flora and fauna. An urgent problem of agriculture is a decrease in the content of vitamins and microelements in crop production and the accumulation of harmful substances in them. The reasons for these negative processes are soil degradation, intensification of agricultural production.
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Burtea, Mariana Carmen, Luxita Rîşnoveanu, Anca Șerban, Nicoleta Ciobotaru, Monica Esperance Cojocaru, and Ana Maria Conciu. "Aspects regarding the influence of pesticides on the trophic system: soil-water-plant." Analele Universităţii 'Dunărea de Jos' din Galaţi Fascicula XIV Inginerie mecanică = Annals of “Dunarea de Jos“ University of Galati Fascicle XIV Mechanical Engineering 26, no. 2 (December 12, 2022): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/im.2019.2.02.
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The issue of residual pesticides in food is of great importance worldwide today. This situation has led many countries to draw up rules with limited quantities allowed in food. Their very high toxicity causes acute intoxications, accumulation in the body and chronic poisoning. Pesticides are highly dangerous compounds due to the persistence in the environment, accumulation of residues in food, infiltration into soil, transmission into wastewater, rivers and lakes, migration into deep soil layers, interstitial and groundwater, and atmospheric formation by air currents. Uncontrolled accumulation and migration into soil and groundwater of pesticides can lead to significant distortions in environmental factor parameters. The purpose of the work was to quantify the results by applying a neonicotinoid pesticide treatment on onion cultivation throughout the life cycle. The work demonstrates the need, but also the toxicity of pest control substances.
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Chen, Liang, Zheng Huo, Chi Su, Yong Liu, Wei Huang, Shan Liu, Peng Feng, et al. "Sensitivity of Ostracods to U, Cd and Cu: The Case of Cypridopsis vidua." Toxics 10, no. 7 (June 24, 2022): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10070349.
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The development of uranium mines has been necessary to obtain abundant and scarce uranium resources, but they also bring inevitable radioactive contamination to the surrounding soil, rivers and lakes. This paper explores the sensitivity of Cypridopsis vidua to the radioactive element uranium and the heavy elements cadmium and copper with single and combined acute toxicity experiments and combined toxicity model predictions. The results from the single toxicity experiments showed that the degree of toxic effects was cadmium > copper > uranium. The combined toxicity experiments showed that the compound toxicity of U-Cd and U-Cu was higher than the weakest component and lower than the strongest component, whereas the compound toxicity of Cd-Cu was higher than either of its components. When the overall proportion of a more toxic metal was increased, its mixed toxicity also increased, and vice versa. Combined toxicity predictions showed that the U-Cd combination was best described by the concentration additive (CA) model, the independent action (IA) model was more applicable to the Cd-Cu combination, and the most applicable model for the U-Cu combination changed depending on the concentration gradient. The acute toxicity data from this study provide a reference for the development of wastewater discharge standards for uranium mines, enriches the data related to the toxicity of uranium for ostracods and deepens the understanding of the threat of uranium pollution to aquatic ecosystems.
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Romanova, S., Е. Кrupa, and А. Sеrikova. "DISTRIBUTION OF THE SILICON, IRON AND OXIDIZABILITY IN THE WATER BODIES OF THE PAVLODAR ЕRTIS REGION." Hydrometeorology and Ecology 113, no. 2 (July 24, 2024): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54668/2789-6323-2024-113-2-42-56.
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The materials of our own research on the distribution of silicon, iron and the value of permanganate oxidability in the Irtysh River basin in the summer of 2023 presented. It has been established that the content of these components and their ratios are not the same in the water of rivers and lakes. The values of permanganate oxidizability (PO) for the water of the Irtysh River in most cases did not exceed the average values for natural waters of arid zones (5…10 mgO/dm3), as well as the maximum permissible concentrations for fishery waters. The water of floodplain lakes and storage lakes is more enriched with easily oxidizing organic substances (8.62…31.51 mgO/dm3). The maximum concentrations of silicon did not always correspond to the minimum values of total mineralization. The distribution of dissolved total iron is uneven and varies between 0.072...1.740 mg/dm3, with a maximum concentration in oz. Kurkol and the Balkyldak storage lake. From the upper to the lower sections of the Ertis, there was a slight increase in the concentration of iron and silicon, as a result, of the influence of an anthropogenic factor. The assessment of the quality of the water bodies of the Pavlodar Irtysh region was carried out on the basis of a Unified water quality classification system. The relationship of the average strength between silicon, iron and the value of PO is revealed. The data on the distribution of these components can be used for a more complete assessment of the water quality of the Yertis basin.
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Mititelu, Magdalena, Marius Sorinel Neacşu, Corina-Bianca Ioniţă-Mîndrican, Menadoru Coza, Mirela Şeşureac, Mădălina Cartojan, Daniela Holingher, and Gabriel Olteanu. "Water, the indispensable component for the health and functioning of the human body." Farmacist.ro 1, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26416/farm.210.1.2023.7760.
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After oxygen, water is the compound without which life cannot exist. Water is the most widespread component in the structure of animal and plant tissues. Living tissues contain free, bound water, but also biostructured water, which has begun to be increasingly studied and investigated. Due to its unique content, structure and properties, water gives food texture, as well as chemical, thermal and microbiological stability. Being such an important compound for the functioning and balancing of the body, water quality strongly influences health and lifespan. In fact, without water we can only survive for a few days and in the absence of optimal long-term hydration strong imbalances occur in the body and serious ailments appear. Although the value of water is undeniable, many human activities continue to pollute the oceans, lakes and rivers with various toxic substances. Thus, water pollution has become a problem for millions of people around the globe, who face an acute shortage of drinking water.
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Bárta, Renata Linassi, José Antonio Gonzalez Da Silva, Eniva Miladi Fernandes Stumm, Christiane de Fátima Colet, Ivan Ricarco Carvalho, Carla Regina Daronco, Cibele Luisa Peter, et al. "Public water quality in surface and groundwater collection systems in Brazil." CONTRIBUCIONES A LAS CIENCIAS SOCIALES 17, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 141–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/revconv.17n.1-009.
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Water is a vital natural resource for the existence of life, maintenance of ecosystems and the development of society. Many cities and communities rely on surface catchment systems, which involve collecting water from rivers, lakes and dams. Others, in turn, use underground collection systems, obtaining water from aquifers and artesian wells. Each of these methods presents specific challenges regarding water quality, as surface water is more exposed to organic and inorganic pollutants, while groundwater may contain minerals and dissolved substances that affect its potability. In general, the quality of water that reaches homes and commercial establishments is determined by the analysis of microbiological indicators, free residual chlorine, turbidity, total coliforms and fluoride. This narrative review seeks to clarify the nuances of water capture systems, their particularities and the factors that affect water quality in Brazil, highlighting the importance of constant monitoring, adequate treatment and effective water management policies in guaranteeing access to fresh water high quality for everyone.
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Hung, Mai Duc, Nguyen Hoang Lam, Hui Ho Jeong, Hyeon Ji Jeong, Da Jin Jeong, Gyeong Hwa Park, Pil Jae Kim, Jeong Eun Oh, and Hyeon Seo Cho. "Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Ten Edible Freshwater Fish Species from Major Rivers and Lakes in Korea: Distribution and Human Exposure by Consumption." Toxicology and Environmental Health Sciences 10, no. 5 (December 2018): 307–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13530-018-0379-8.
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Stecconi, Tommaso, Arianna Stramenga, Tamara Tavoloni, Simone Bacchiocchi, Martina Ciriaci, Francesco Griffoni, Paolo Palombo, Gianni Sagratini, Melania Siracusa, and Arianna Piersanti. "Exploring Perfluoroalkyl Substances (PFASs) in Aquatic Fauna of Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Insights from a Low-Anthropized Area." Toxics 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2024): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12030196.
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This study investigated the concentrations and profiles of 19 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the muscle and liver of four freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno (Italy): Anguilla anguilla (European eel), Carassius auratus (goldfish), Perca fluviatilis (European perch), and Procambarus clarkii (red swamp crayfish). In livers, the amount of PFASs ranged from 3.1 to 10 µg kg⁻¹, significantly higher than that in muscle (0.032–1.7 µg kg⁻¹). The predominant PFASs were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and long-chain carboxylic acids (C8-C14). Short-chain compounds (C4-C5), as well as the long-chain sulfonic acids (C9-C12), were not quantified. The contamination patterns were similar among species with few differences, suggesting the influence of species-specific accumulation. The PFAS concentrations in livers were comparable among species, while in muscle, the higher values were measured in European eel, followed by goldfish, European perch, and red swamp crayfish. The levels were generally lower than those reported for fish from Northern Italian lakes and rivers. The concentrations of regulated PFASs were lower than the maximum limits set by Regulation EU 2023/915 and did not exceed the Environmental Quality Standards (PFOS in biota). This study provides the first valuable insights on PFASs in freshwater species from Lake Trasimeno.
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Slazhneva, Svetlana S., Yulia V. Kozyreva, and Мikhail А. Мaurer. "ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE WATER QUALITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CHUMYSH RIVER)." Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture 14, no. 2 (April 30, 2022): 296–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-2-296-311.
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The surface water pollution issue is urgent as it is the most extensive issue. Large-scale pollution of the environment causes damage to rivers, lakes, water reservoirs, and soils. Pollutants and products of their transformations sooner or later come from the atmosphere to the surface of the Earth. Issues of clean water and protection of aquatic ecosystems become increasingly acute as the historical development of society develops. Furthermore, the influence of scientific and technological progress on nature rapidly increases. Currently, there is a unified criterion for assessing water quality is the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) of substances contained in it in the Russian Federation. The Chumysh River flows in the Kemerovo Region and Altai Krai and is a tributary of the Ob River. The Chumysh River has a length of 644 km and a basin area of 23,900 square km. The assessment of the surface water quality of the Chumysh River is carried out based on data processing of the Roshydromet Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia, which is located on the studied water object near the city of Zarinsk. The primary research goal is to assess the quality of surface waters of the Chumysh River in Zarinsk and Talmenka urban-type settlement. During the study period (nine years), the authors have identified the elements as the primary substances that have provided the most critical contribution to pollution. A comprehensive assessment has been carried out for these substances, and the substances that provide the most significant contribution to surface water pollution are selected based on the product of the points. This factor is of great importance for developing the measures that aim at their purification and planning the future use of the Chumysh River waters.
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Smith, Iredell. "Water Pollution and Cancer: An Updated Review." Science Insights 43, no. 4 (October 31, 2023): 1079–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15354/si.23.re801.
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Water pollution refers to the contamination of water bodies such as lakes, rivers, and groundwater with harmful substances, leading to serious health hazards. One major concern linked to water pollution is its association with cancer. Numerous studies have substantiated that exposure to contaminants in polluted water sources can significantly increase the risk of developing various types of cancers. Chemicals like heavy metals (e.g., arsenic, lead), industrial pollutants (e.g., benzene, vinyl chloride), and pesticides have been detected in contaminated water supplies worldwide. These carcinogens not only contaminate the water but also accumulate in aquatic organisms consumed by humans, ultimately entering our food chain. Certain chemicals act as mutagens or tumor promoters, damaging DNA and causing genetic mutations that can lead to cancer development. Additionally, long-term exposure to these pollutants can weaken the immune system’s ability to fight off cancer cells effectively. Consequently, preventive actions must be undertaken swiftly at domestic, industrial, and governmental levels to reduce this pervasive threat through regulated waste disposal practices and advanced purification technologies.
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Beeton, Alfred M. "Large freshwater lakes: present state, trends, and future." Environmental Conservation 29, no. 1 (March 2002): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892902000036.
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The large freshwater lakes of the world are an extremely valuable resource, not only because 68% of the global liquid surface fresh water is contained in them, but because of their importance to the economies, social structure, and viability of the riparian countries. This review provides decision makers with the knowledge of large lakes (≥ 500 km2) essential to establishing policies and implementing strategies compatible with sustainable development. This is achieved by considering the present state of the lakes, the extent of changes and factors causing them, long-term consequences of these changes, major threats and possible states of the lakes into the year 2025. Case studies of lakes are presented, namely the St Lawrence Great Lakes of North America as representatives of glacial scour lakes of North America, northern Europe and Asia, and the African Great Lakes as representatives of tropical tectonic lakes. Lake Baikal is also included because it is unique for its species, great age, and largest single volume of liquid surface fresh water. The Aral Sea is further included because of the ecological disaster following diversion of water away from its basin. The major impacts on large lakes are diversions, eutrophication, invasive species, land-use change, overexploitation of resources, and pollution. These impacts can or do affect all the representative lakes, but to varying degree. The St Lawrence Great Lakes have been severely impacted by eutrophication, land-use change, overfishing, invasive species and pollution. Eutrophication has been reversed for these lakes and constraints are now in place on land use change, such as shoreline alteration and destruction of wetlands. With the demise of most commercial fishing, overfishing is no longer as important. Invasive species have become a major problem as increasingly non-indigenous species gain access to the lakes. Pollution continues as a major impact. These problems are likely to continue and seriously impact use of the resources as well as bring about changes in the biota. Among the African Great Lakes, invasive species are a major problem in Lake Victoria, and eutrophication associated with land-use change and overexploitation of resources is a growing problem. Many endemic species have been lost and many are threatened, so that species associations will have changed by 2025. The Aral Sea continues to disappear and in the future, the remaining largest part of it will continue to become increasingly saline and eventually disappear. A small body of water will remain as a freshwater lake with a productive, although small, fishery. Lake Baikal shows evidence of pollution in the southern basin and is likely to be impacted by land-use changes, primarily logging. Some non-indigenous species are present, but so far, they are not a major problem. Overexploitation of resources in the watershed could lead to adverse impacts on inshore waters. Overfishing has been recognized and appears under control. The major threat to Baikal is continued and growing pollution. Climate change and pollution are global problems that will affect all lakes, large and small. At present, while some warming has occurred, climate change appears not to have impacted large lakes. Present studies on the Laurentian Great Lakes predict possible major impacts. Pollution, especially from persistent toxic substances such as PCBs, is a global problem. Diversion of water out or away from large lakes will become more of a threat as global human population growth continues and water supplies from rivers and ground water become depleted.
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Benischke, Ralf. "Review: Advances in the methodology and application of tracing in karst aquifers." Hydrogeology Journal 29, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02278-9.
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AbstractTracer methods have been widely used in many fields of environmental and natural sciences, and also in human health sciences. In particular, tracers are used in the study of karst hydrogeology, typically focusing on phenomena such as sinkholes, sinking rivers and large karst springs. It is known that tracers have been used since antiquity. The aim of tracer tests has been to investigate underground flow paths, transport processes and water–rock interactions, and to get an insight into the functioning of a karst aquifer. In karst hydrogeology, tracer methods are the most important investigation tools beside conventional hydrological methods. In early times, tracer methods were applied only to investigate underground flow-paths. Later they were also used to elucidate transport processes associated with water flow, and today they are often the basis, together with detailed hydrological information, of groundwater protection investigations and aquifer modelling. Many substances (spores, microspheres, bacteriophages, salt tracers, fluorescent dyes, radioactive substances) have been investigated for their properties and potential usage in environmental investigations, in particular the often unknown and inaccessible underground systems of karst areas. A great number of analytical techniques is available. This includes instrumentation for laboratory applications and direct online, on-site or in-situ field measurements. Modern instruments have a high capability for data acquisition, storage and transmission in short intervals, as a basis for quantitative evaluation and modelling. This enables research on the hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics of aquifers and their response to different natural or anthropogenic impacts.
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Kropova, Yulia, Ilya Medvedev, Valerii Kartashev, and Elena Tkacheva. "Impact of anionic synthetic surfactants of lead ions and their combinations on the pigment profile of freshwater plant organisms Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa." BIO Web of Conferences 84 (2024): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20248401021.
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The development of human civilization inevitably leads to the development of production with increasing emissions of many chemicals into the environment. This is especially noticeable in relation to surface waters of fresh water bodies. A very alarming point is that the amount of toxic anthropogenic substances, including heavy metals, is growing every year and is increasingly disturbing the existing ecological balance. Plant organisms of water bodies are among the first to experience the effects of any anthropogenic pollutants and especially heavy metals and surfactants, the amount of which increases in the water of rivers and lakes. Very important in this is the complex of morpho-physiological adaptations associated with restructuring in the structure of chloroplasts. Changes in the content of photosynthetic pigments in plants of two species (Ceratophyllum demersum and Egeria densa) were assessed when they were exposed to very common technogenic substances (lead ions and a solution of anionic synthetic surfactants). In plants, there is a decrease in the activity of molecular transport, inhibition of H+-ATPase, leading to a decrease in the pH of the cytoplasm and activation of hydrolases, which enhance the breakdown of biopolymers. This leads to changes in the expression of individual genes and increased synthesis of a number of stress proteins. Under these conditions, the assembly of cytoskeletal elements is activated, the structures of membrane proteins and lipids change, the level of ATP decreases, free radical processes are activated and the intensity of photosynthesis is inhibited.
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Youssef, Salama, and Chennaoui Mohammed. "Assessment of ecological risk for ecosystems caused by dredged materials in freshwater environments." Global Journal of Ecology 9, no. 1 (March 2, 2024): 030–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/gje.000094.
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Several chemical substances are released into the environment, and many of them accumulate in the silt or sludge constituting sediments, at the bottom of rivers and lakes as well as in estuaries and seabeds. The ecological and health damage caused by the contamination of sediments by these chemical substances can have serious consequences on ecosystems by reducing the diversity of communities, particularly invertebrates, with indirect consequences on fish populations, loss of edibility of fish or shellfish, recreational uses affected or impossible, ecological risk assessment can be used prospectively or retrospectively. The general outline of the evaluation includes three stages: the formulation of the problem, which aims to develop an analysis plan and define the means to be implemented to characterize the risk, the analysis itself, where we collect the data necessary for the assessment of effects and exposure, and risk characterization, where the risk(s) and, as far as possible, the associated uncertainties are estimated. The application of this approach to dredged materials is proposed in the form of two successive stages: the first consists of a simplified risk analysis, from which we can decide to initiate a second stage of detailed evaluation. The review evaluates the ecological risk associated with the disposal of dredged materials in freshwater environments. It examines the impact of dredged materials on biodiversity and ecosystem health, focusing on assessing the extent of ecological damage, identifying influential factors, and proposing mitigation strategies.
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Danh, Nguyen Tan. "APPLYING THE AWARENESS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION INTO THE CURRICULUM FOR PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN VIETNAM VIA PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES." INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY IN INDUSTRY 9, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 890–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/itii.v9i1.218.
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Our living environment is increasingly polluted, not only because the amount of resources is increasingly being indiscriminately exploited, there are still many forms of production that pollute the environment, toxic substances which are difficult to decompose into the environment because of not-good human consciousness of some people. The improper collection and classification of daily-life waste is an issue that needs to be addressed. Besides, the situation of indiscriminate garbage disposal and many serious environmental pollution points is formed. Some people even bring domestic waste, dead animal carcasses to rivers and lakes right where they live. Facing the increasing risks of natural environmental pollution, Vietnam needs to promote the education of environmental protection awareness for all people in general and primary school students in particular. Students are the future generation of the country, are the decisive owners for the development of the whole society and are also the people most affected by natural resources and the environment. The article uses survey methods and analyzes data from journals and recent studies. The results show that we need to take action today so that students feel responsible for protecting resources and the environment for a clean and green world.
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Mekhantyev, Igor I., and Yuriy I. Stepkin. "Assessment of the radiation safety of drinking water and surface water bodies used for recreational purposes in the Voronezh region." I.P. Pavlov Russian Medical Biological Herald 29, no. 2 (July 22, 2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pavlovj65125.
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AIM: This study aimed to assess the radiation safety of surface water bodies used for recreational purposes and drinking water used by the population of the Voronezh Region (VR).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The fond materials of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration in VR in 20152019 were used. The following parameters were analyzed: total and activities and specific activity of radioactive substances in the water of open reservoirs (137Сs, 210Po, 226Ra, and 228Ra) and in the sources of drinking water (210Po and 222Rn). The annual effective dose was calculated on the basis of the probable consumption of drinking water from the centralized drinking water supply systems. The content of radionuclides in the water of open reservoirs was analyzed in three control points and in drinking water found in 2,036 water intake artesian wells of the centralized drinking water supply systems. Then, 100% of the sources were surveyed in terms of total and activities. The radiation safety of bottled drinking water from nine manufacturers was assessed on the basis of the data of the Federal State Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance. Water in open reservoirs and drinking water, including water packaged in containers, were laboratory controlled on the basis of an accredited testing laboratory center (Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the VR) by using MKS-01A Multirad spectrometric installation (Akvilon, Russia). UMF-2000 - and -radiometers were utilized to measure small activities (NPP, Doza, Russia).
RESULTS: According to the regional databases of Rospotrebnadzor Administration regarding water from open water bodies for the population (three monitoring points: Tikhaya Sosna, Sukhaya Khvorostan, and Usman rivers) in 20152019, values did not exceed the intervention limit that was registered in terms of the content of the controlled radioactive substances (210Ро, 234U, 222Rn, and 137Сs) and the total and activities. Water from artesian wells used for drinking and domestic purposes fully met the requirements of radiation safety. The average annual effective radiation doses (AAERD) of the population in the VO in 74 settlements within the zones of radioactive contamination due to the Chernobyl disaster ranged from 0.05 mSv/year to 0.12 mSv/year, which was significantly lower than the threshold value (1 mSv/year). The analyzed drinking water samples, water packaged in containers, and the samples produced in the region were in compliance with sanitary and epidemiological requirements, including those for 90Sr and 137Cs radionuclide contents.
CONCLUSION: Radiation monitoring in the VR revealed that the content of technogenic radionuclides (137Cs and 90Sr) and other standardized parameters of radiation safety in water of open reservoirs and drinking water did not exceed the threshold values.
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Marcus Vinicius Faria de Araujo, Luisa Jardim Faria de Araujo e Sousa, and Marina Jardim Faria de Araujo. "Performance evaluation of the sewage treatment system SANEBOX." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.7.1.0091.
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Sewage treatment processes have been increasingly the target of research aimed at developing solutions that meet environmental standards at lower costs for society. The generation of sanitary sewage and its final release, without treatment or with inefficient treatment in sewage networks, lakes, rivers or oceans have aggravated the quality of water resources and put at risk the health of the population given water-delivery diseases. This article aimed to evaluate the results obtained by the Treatment System called SANEBOX, for the treatment of sanitary sewage, considering a period of two years of monitoring campaigns in it. Additionally, a comparison is made in terms of achieving environmental goals of this System with other conventional technologies that have usually been implemented in Brazil. The guiding parameters for this evaluation were Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sedimentable Materials (SM), Total Suspension Solids (TSS), Vegetable or Animal Oils and Greases (OGv/a), Tensoactive Substances That React to Methylene Blue (MBAS), Ammoniacal Nitrogen (N-NH4+) and Phosphorus (P). The results obtained show that the SANEBOX System has similar performance and, in some parameters, much higher than the conventional Sewage Treatment System, either in terms of removal of pollutants, or in terms of occupied area, energy consumption and nuisance to neighborhoods by bad odors.
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Toth, Lorand, George Artur Găman, Daniel Pupăzan, Cristian Nicolescu, and and Marius Kovacs. "Use of Performance Criteria in Calibrating Methods for Modeling and Simulating the Pollution Phenomena of Surface Waters." E3S Web of Conferences 241 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124101003.
Full textAbstract:
The release of certain substances into surface waters (lakes, rivers, estuaries and oceans) to the point where they interfere with beneficial use of water or with natural functioning of ecosystems defines the phenomenon of pollution. When stating aspects of pollution modelling, we refer to constitutive equations of the model, which may involve different values, so that the shape of equation is flexible while maintaining its structure. Quantifying the phenomenon of water pollution through simulation and spatial-temporal modelling requires the use of hydrological models that use characteristic parameters such as: bathymetry, hydrodynamic roughness, speed, Model Boundary Conditions, etc. The current paper is driven by lack of clear performance guidelines for pollution models for software users trying to demonstrate to customers and/or end users that a model is fit for purpose. Thus, common problems associated with data availability, errors and uncertainty as well as model examination will be addressed, including its calibration and validation on a case study materialized on a watercourse located in the Jiu Valley, Romania. The scientific article is intended to be a point of reference both for software users (numerical modelers) and for specialists in charge of interpreting the accuracy and validity of results from hydrodynamic models.
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Azevedo Lopes, F. W., R. J. Davies-Colley, E. Von Sperling, and A. P. Magalhães. "A water quality index for recreation in Brazilian freshwaters." Journal of Water and Health 14, no. 2 (November 17, 2015): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2015.117.
Full textAbstract:
Use of water for leisure activities has long been prevalent in human societies, especially where the climate is favorable. Water resources with appealing conditions for primary contact recreational activities include rivers, waterfall plunge pools, dams and lakes, as well as sea coasts. Recreational use has specific demands for water quality, particularly as regards risks to human health such as exposure to pathogenic organisms, toxic substances, and submerged hazards. In Brazil, there is insufficient monitoring of bathing water conditions and currently used methodology has some limitations particularly the lack of guidance on interpretation of variables other than faecal bacterial indicators. The objectives of this study were: (1) to establish variables contributing to assessment of freshwater bathing conditions in Brazil; (2) to develop an integrated index of suitability-for-use for bathing in Brazil; and (3) to improve the methodology for assessing bathing water quality in Brazil. Based on a metadata analysis and consultation with Brazilian water professionals, a water quality index was developed incorporating the variables: Escherichia coli, cyanobacterial density, turbidity (visual clarity) and pH. This index should advance the management of recreational waters in Brazil, by improving the evaluation of freshwater bathing conditions and protecting the health of frequent users.
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Lynnyk, P. M. "Potential Impact of Climate Change on Mineralization and Main Ions Ratio in Surface Fresh Waters (a Review)." Hydrobiological Journal 59, no. 4 (2023): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/hydrobj.v59.i4.70.
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The article deals with problem of the fresh waters salinization in view of its relevance for normal functioning of the aquatic ecosystems, development of different branches of industry and agriculture, and human health. Attention is focused on the fact that the fresh waters' salinization inevitably results in decrease of the ecosystem services scope. The main factors and anthropogenic sources of influence on total dissolved solids in the fresh waters and metamorphosis of their ion composition are considered. It is stated that climate changes potentially affect and will affect the surface waters mineralization in future owing to volume and frequency of the atmospheric precipitation, intensity of the rocks and minerals weathering, the ground feeding of the rivers, the marine water penetration into the estuaries along with reducing of the river water yield, etc. The possible impact of mineralization changes on migration of substances from bottom sediments into the water thickness, that is on the intensity of its secondary pollution, is discussed. This impact can be direct and indirect. First of all, it concerns the migration ability of metals in bottom sediments. Elevated content of Na<sup>+</sup>, Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> in water intensifies migration of metals of the exchangeable fraction of bottom sediments. The indirect effect of elevated mineralization is expressed in the oxygen regime of the water bodies, which usually deteriorates in the near-bottom water layers of deep lakes and reservoirs, mouth areas of the rivers and estuaries. The dissolved oxygen deficit becomes usual, anoxic conditions are formed, which favor release of Fe(III) and Mn(IV) from oxyhydroxides or the oxide fraction of the bottom sediments. A review also considers some aspects of potential impact of the fresh waters salinization on survival of the aquatic plants and animals and biodiversity.
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Wang, Yuming, Yi Li, Longfei Wang, Wenlong Zhang, and Thomas Bürgi. "Bio-Coated Graphitic Carbon Nitrides for Enhanced Nitrobenzene Degradation: Roles of Extracellular Electron Transfer." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2023): 16372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316372.
Full textAbstract:
Graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) and microorganisms could collaboratively enhance photocatalytic properties or facilitate environmental depollution through coupled photocatalytic and biological reactions, which prevented the destruction of photocatalytic stresses to ecological systems and resulted in a sustainable technology for water remediation in rivers and lakes. However, the roles of bio-substances as well as electronic interactions between inorganic and organic systems were still unclear. Herein, g-C3N4, nitrogen-deficient g-C3N4 (ND-g-C3N4), and fluorinated g-C3N4 (F-g-C3N4) were coated with representative bacteria, i.e., Escherichia coli MG 1655, and characterized using integrated spectroscopic techniques. Photocatalytic activities were then evaluated through nitrobenzene degradation performance in an aqueous solution under visible light illumination. Nano-photocatalysts were observed to be adsorbed onto bio-aggregates, and surface hydrophilicity was convinced to be determined in the toxicity of photocatalysts in dark environments. Layered structures of ND-g-C3N4 and F-g-C3N4 were revealed in XRD spectra, and surface coverage of the Luria–Bertani medium was eliminated during E. coli cultivation. Hetero-junctions between photocatalysts and bio-substances were indicated in XPS results. Red-shifts for g-C3N4 and F-g-C3N4 materials as well as a slight blue-shift for ND-g-C3N4 were demonstrated in UV-vis spectra, which might be attributed to the destruction of nitrogen defects on ND-g-C3N4. Owing to the attached bio-substances, nitrobenzene removal could reach twice that with pristine photocatalysts, and ROS quantitative analysis confirmed that hydroxyl radicals were the determined reactive species degrading nitrobenzene in the water solution. The observation of more OH species generation indicated that extracellular electron transfer of E. coli reduced electron–hole recombination and provided reduction sites during photocatalytic degradation of nitrobenzene. This work proved additional electron-transfer paths and reaction mechanisms in hybridized photocatalytic and biological processes, which indicated that bio-activities could be a great promoter of material modification and the incorporation between inorganic and organic systems successfully showed an eco-friendly and sustainable pathway to utilize photocatalysts in natural water.
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Shugurov, O. O., and T. A. Strigina. "The current level of β-radioactivity in the Zaporizhzhya storage lake." Ecology and Noospherology 28, no. 3-4 (November 18, 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/031712.
Full textAbstract:
The condition control of the Ukrainian rivers is an integral part of the population safety level. The change of such state can occur for several reasons. The first is the increase of pollution level from the working enterprises. The second – the efficiency reduction of protective constructions which store the radioactive wastes of (tailings dam). And the third – movement changes of water masses which are capable to lift the radio nuclides received earlier from the river bed (for example, the accident on the Chernobil atomic station). Therefore, the aim of the work was the modern level evaluation of b-nuclide pollution (90Sr and 137Cs) in water of Zaporizhzhya storage lake on the largest density points of the industrial enterprises on the Dnieper river in the sequence Kamenskoe – Dnipro – Zaporizhzhya at different seasons of the three years. Within 2014–2016 we carried out investigations of Zaporizhzhya storage lake b-radiation level for different seasons. The sampling was made at depth from 1,0 m to 1,5 m on six points. These points corresponded to the coast ones of Zaporizhzhya storage lake which are bound up with the industrial enterprises wastes of Kamenskoe and Dnipro or the small rivers fall points into the Dnieper River. The sampling points were: a coastal area 200 m below the Dneprodzerzhinsky dam, the river port, Starie Kodaki, the mouth of the river Mokra Sura, village Vojskove and Fyodorivka. The water mass of 5 kg was taken from these points and poured into the glass bottles. For radioactive pollution level determination in river's points we used two samples by 60 dm3 volume or caesium (137Cs) and strontium (90Sr) definition. 90Sr activity in water was determined radiochemically by oxalates sedimentation method with the subsequent measurement on the UMF-1500 installation. The isotope 137Cs was besieged by potassium ferrocyanide from a muriatic solution with the subsequent measurement on a small background installation The general β-radioactivity (Bq/l) was determined in the samples on the radiometer-«Beta» with the help of the SBT-13 counter by direct measurement method of samples. We showed that the levels of general β-activity water or at the investigated selection points of Zaporizhzhya storage lake fluctuated on average from 0,14 to 0,24 Bq/l, the content of 90Sr radionuclides in water is from 0,029 to 0,055 Bq/l, for 137Cs – is 0,042 Bq/l. In autumn β-activity level in Zaporozhzhya storage lake water decreased in comparison with spring – summer seasons. It is typical for storage lakes with a superficial filling which is followed by a relative increase of radioactive materials in water from deeply lying breeds bottom. For 90Sr, the effect of fluctuations in its concentration is observed, depending on the presence of industrial centers on the way of water movement along the Zaporizhzhya Reservoir. This effect not marked for 137Cs. An assessment of the level of water pollution has shown that in our time the indicators of the studied isotopes do not exceed the permissible levels of radioactivity stipulated by the norms of radiation safety of Ukraine from 1997.
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Clair, Thomas A., and Atle Hindar. "Liming for the mitigation of acid rain effects in freshwaters: A review of recent results." Environmental Reviews 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/a05-009.
Full textAbstract:
Acid rain has affected freshwater ecosystems for more than 50 years in much of northern Europe and North America. The acidification of waters, along with concurrent reduction in acid neutralization capacity, has caused deleterious changes to aquatic populations in much of these regions. To reverse some of the changes to aquatic ecosystems, a number of governmental and nongovernmental groups have applied lime and other neutralizing substances to streams, rivers, lakes, and catchments in the most affected or most ecologically valuable regions. We review the scientific literature published since the late 1980s on liming to provide an overview of successes and failures of various approaches. We discuss the rationale behind liming programs and why certain approaches may not be helpful in mitigating acidification effects under varying conditions. One of our main conclusions is that though water chemistry may be restored if only temporarily, aquatic communities probably will not return to their original states, though targeted fish species can be restored using active management approaches. The communities restored, however, are usually more unstable than those from undisturbed, or pre-acidification conditions. We also show that liming may have to be conducted for 50 to 60 years in some affected locations, which should affect the choice of approaches used in mitigation.Key words: acid rain, mitigation, liming, freshwaters, catchments, salmonids.