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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiodonta'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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1

Pates, Stephen, Joseph P. Botting, Lucy M. E. McCobb, and Lucy A. Muir. "A miniature Ordovician hurdiid from Wales demonstrates the adaptability of Radiodonta." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 6 (2020): 200459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200459.

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Originally considered as large, solely Cambrian apex predators, Radiodonta—a clade of stem-group euarthropods including Anomalocaris— now comprises a diverse group of predators, sediment sifters and filter feeders. These animals are only known from deposits preserving non-biomineralized material, with radiodonts often the first and/or only taxa known from such deposits. Despite the widespread and diverse nature of the group, only a handful of radiodonts are known from post-Cambrian deposits, and all originate from deposits or localities rich in other total-group euarthropods. In this contribut

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2

Liu, Jianni, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Michael Steiner, Jason A. Dunlop, Degan Shu, and John R. Paterson. "Origin of raptorial feeding in juvenile euarthropods revealed by a Cambrian radiodontan." National Science Review 5, no. 6 (2018): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwy057.

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Abstract The rapid rise of arthropods during the Cambrian quickly established some clades, such as the euarthropod stem-group called Radiodonta, as the dominant and most diverse predators in marine ecosystems. Recent discoveries have shown that the size and dietary ecology of radiodontans are far more diverse than previously thought, but little is known about the feeding habits of juveniles. Here, we document a very small (∼18-mm-long), near-complete specimen of the radiodontan Lyrarapax unguispinus from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Biota of China. This specimen is the smallest radiodontan in

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Cong, Peiyun, Allison C. Daley, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Xianguang Hou, and Ailin Chen. "Morphology of the radiodontan Lyrarapax from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota." Journal of Paleontology 90, no. 4 (2016): 663–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.67.

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AbstractThe recently described radiodontan Lyrarapax unguispinus Cong et al., 2014 from the Chengjiang biota (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3) highlighted a new morphological type of frontal appendage and unique mouth structures, a functional combination reinforcing the diversification of feeding strategies of radiodontans during the early Cambrian. Here we describe Lyrarapax trilobus n. sp. from the same fossil Konservat-Lagerstätte. The new species differs from L. unguispinus in the morphology and distribution of endites on the frontal appendage and the strengthening structure of the body flaps.

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Zhu, Xuejian, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, and Javier Ortega-Hernández. "Furongian (Jiangshanian) occurrences of radiodonts in Poland and South China and the fossil record of the Hurdiidae." PeerJ 9 (July 23, 2021): e11800. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11800.

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The Furongian period represents an important gap in the fossil record of most groups of non-biomineralizing organisms, owing to a scarcity of Konservat-Lagerstätten of that age. The most significant of these deposits, the Jiangshanian strata of the Sandu Formation near Guole Township (Guangxi, South China), have yielded a moderately abundant, but taxonomically diverse soft-bodied fossil assemblage, which provides rare insights into the evolution of marine life at that time. In this contribution, we report the first discovery of a radiodont fossil from the Guole Konservat-Lagerstätte. The speci

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Cong, Pei-Yun, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Allison C. Daley, Jin Guo, Stephen Pates, and Xian-Guang Hou. "New radiodonts with gnathobase-like structures from the Cambrian Chengjiang biota and implications for the systematics of Radiodonta." Papers in Palaeontology 4, no. 4 (2018): 605–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1219.

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Zhang, Mingjing, Yu Wu, Weiliang Lin, Jiaxin Ma, Yuheng Wu, and Dongjing Fu. "Amplectobeluid Radiodont Guanshancaris gen. nov. from the Lower Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Lagerstätte of South China: Biostratigraphic and Paleobiogeographic Implications." Biology 12, no. 4 (2023): 583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology12040583.

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Radiodonta, an extinct stem-euarthropod group, has been considered as the largest predator of Cambrian marine ecosystems. As one of the radiodont-bearing Konservat-Lagerstätten, the Guanshan biota (South China, Cambrian Stage 4) has yielded a diverse assemblage of soft-bodied and biomineralized taxa that are exclusive to this exceptional deposit. “Anomalocaris” kunmingensis, the most abundant radiodont in the Guanshan biota, was originally assigned to Anomalocaris within the Anomalocarididae. Despite this taxon being formally assigned to the family Amplectobeluidae more recently, its generic a

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7

PATES, STEPHEN, and ALLISON C. DALEY. "The Kinzers Formation (Pennsylvania, USA): the most diverse assemblage of Cambrian Stage 4 radiodonts." Geological Magazine 156, no. 07 (2018): 1233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756818000547.

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AbstractRadiodonta, apex Cambrian predators such as Anomalocaris have been known from the Kinzers Formation (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4 – Pennsylvania, USA) for nearly 100 years. Work over the last ten years, mainly on radiodont material from the Chengjiang (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 3 – Yunnan, China) and Burgess Shale (Miaolingian, Wuliuan – British Columbia, Canada), has greatly improved our knowledge of the diversity and disparity of radiodonts and their frontal appendages, including the description of new species, genera and families. Previous work identified two species of radiodonts from

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8

Wu, Yu, Jiaxin Ma, Weiliang Lin, Ao Sun, Xingliang Zhang, and Dongjing Fu. "New anomalocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta) from the lower Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte: Biostratigraphic and paleobiogeographic implications." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 569 (May 2021): 110333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110333.

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9

Paterson, John R., Gregory D. Edgecombe, and Diego C. García-Bellido. "Disparate compound eyes of Cambrian radiodonts reveal their developmental growth mode and diverse visual ecology." Science Advances 6, no. 49 (2020): eabc6721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abc6721.

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Radiodonts are nektonic stem-group euarthropods that played various trophic roles in Paleozoic marine ecosystems, but information on their vision is limited. Optical details exist only in one species from the Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of Australia, here assigned to Anomalocaris aff. canadensis. We identify another type of radiodont compound eye from this deposit, belonging to ‘Anomalocaris’ briggsi. This ≤4-cm sessile eye has >13,000 lenses and a dorsally oriented acute zone. In both taxa, lenses were added marginally and increased in size and number throughout development, as in many crown-gr

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Moysiuk, J., and J. B. Caron. "A new hurdiid radiodont from the Burgess Shale evinces the exploitation of Cambrian infaunal food sources." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1908 (2019): 20191079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1079.

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Radiodonts, a clade of Cambro-Devonian stem group euarthropods, have classically been regarded as nektonic apex predators. However, many aspects of radiodont morphology and ecology have remained unclear because of the typically fragmentary nature of fossil material. Here, we describe a new hurdiid radiodont based on abundant and exceptionally well-preserved fossils from the Burgess Shale (Marble Canyon area, British Columbia, Canada). Cambroraster falcatus gen. et sp. nov . is characterized by an extra-large horseshoe-shaped head carapace, bearing conspicuous posterolateral spinous processes,

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Hou, Jin-bo, Nigel C. Hughes, and Melanie J. Hopkins. "The trilobite upper limb branch is a well-developed gill." Science Advances 7, no. 14 (2021): eabe7377. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe7377.

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Whether the upper limb branch of Paleozoic “biramous” arthropods, including trilobites, served a respiratory function has been much debated. Here, new imaging of the trilobite Triarthrus eatoni shows that dumbbell-shaped filaments in the upper limb branch are morphologically comparable with gill structures in crustaceans that aerate the hemolymph. In Olenoides serratus, the upper limb’s partial articulation to the body via an extended arthrodial membrane is morphologically comparable to the junction of the respiratory book gill of Limulus and differentiates it from the typically robust exopod

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Zeng, Han, Fangchen Zhao, Zongjun Yin, and Maoyan Zhu. "A new radiodontan oral cone with a unique combination of anatomical features from the early Cambrian Guanshan Lagerstätte, eastern Yunnan, South China." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 1 (2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.77.

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AbstractThe radiodontans, including anomalocaridids and their allies, are enigmatic stem-group euarthropods and are the most ancient apex giant predators known from the fossil record. Most studies on their feeding behaviors have emphasized their diverse and abundant raptorial frontal appendages, while the oral cone surrounding the mouth opening in these animals has attracted less attention. At present, three oral cone morphotypes are known, from Anomalocaris Whiteaves, 1892, Peytoia Walcott, 1911, and Hurdia Walcott, 1912, respectively. In this paper, we report on a novel form of radiodontan o

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13

Caron, J.-B., and J. Moysiuk. "A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (2021): 210664. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210664.

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Caron, J.-B., Moysiuk, J. (2021): A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity. Royal Society Open Science 8 (9): 210664, DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210664, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210664

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Daley, Allison C., and John S. Peel. "A possible anomalocaridid from the Cambrian Sirius Passet Lagerstätte, North Greenland." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 2 (2010): 352–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09-136r1.1.

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The Sirius Passet biota of North Greenland is one of the oldest Cambrian lagerstätten, and although it is dominated by non-mineralized arthropods and lobopods, anomalocaridids have never been identified. Based on a single specimen, we herein describe for the first time an appendage with possible anomalocaridid affinities as suggested by an overall gross morphology similar to that of the frontal appendage of Anomalocaris from other localities. Tamisiocaris borealis n. gen. and n. sp. has an elongated appendage with paired spines along one margin, and differs from the frontal appendage of Anomal

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15

De Vivo, Giacinto, Stephan Lautenschlager, and Jakob Vinther. "Three-dimensional modelling, disparity and ecology of the first Cambrian apex predators." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1955 (2021): 20211176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2021.1176.

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Radiodonts evolved to become the largest nektonic predators in the Cambrian period, persisting into the Ordovician and perhaps up until the Devonian period. They used a pair of large frontal appendages together with a radial mouth apparatus to capture and manipulate their prey, and had evolved a range of species with distinct appendage morphologies by the Early Cambrian (approx. 521 Ma). However, since their discovery, there has been a lack of understanding about their basic functional anatomy, and thus their ecology. To explore radiodont modes of feeding, we have digitally modelled different

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16

Collins, Desmond. "The “evolution” of Anomalocaris and its classification in the arthropod class Dinocarida (nov.) and order Radiodonta (nov.)." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 2 (1996): 280–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000023362.

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The remarkable “evolution” of the reconstructions of Anomalocaris, the extraordinary predator from the 515 million year old Middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, reflects the dramatic changes in our interpretation of early animal life on Earth over the past 100 years. Beginning in 1892 with a claw identified as the abdomen and tail of a phyllocarid crustacean, parts of Anomalocaris have been described variously as a jellyfish, a sea-cucumber, a polychaete worm, a composite of a jellyfish and sponge, or have been attached to other arthropods as appendages. Charles D. Walcott collec

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17

Wu, Yu, Dongjing Fu, Jiaxin Ma, Weiliang Lin, Ao Sun, and Xingliang Zhang. "Houcaris gen. nov. from the early Cambrian (Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte expanded the palaeogeographical distribution of tamisiocaridids (Panarthropoda: Radiodonta)." PalZ 95, no. 2 (2021): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12542-020-00545-4.

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18

Pates, Stephen, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Allison C. Daley, Carlo Kier, Enrico Bonino, and Javier Ortega-Hernández. "The diverse radiodont fauna from the Marjum Formation of Utah, USA (Cambrian: Drumian)." PeerJ 9 (January 19, 2021): e10509. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10509.

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Radiodonts have long been known from Cambrian deposits preserving non-biomineralizing organisms. In Utah, the presence of these panarthropods in the Spence and Wheeler (House Range and Drum Mountains) biotas is now well-documented. Conversely, radiodont occurrences in the Marjum Formation have remained scarce. Despite the large amount of work undertaken on its diverse fauna, only one radiodont (Peytoia) has been reported from the Marjum Biota. In this contribution we quadruple the known radiodont diversity of the Marjum fauna, with the description of the youngest members of two genera, Caryosy

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19

Daley, Allison C., Jonathan B. Antcliffe, Harriet B. Drage, and Stephen Pates. "Early fossil record of Euarthropoda and the Cambrian Explosion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 21 (2018): 5323–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1719962115.

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Euarthropoda is one of the best-preserved fossil animal groups and has been the most diverse animal phylum for over 500 million years. Fossil Konservat-Lagerstätten, such as Burgess Shale-type deposits (BSTs), show the evolution of the euarthropod stem lineage during the Cambrian from 518 million years ago (Ma). The stem lineage includes nonbiomineralized groups, such as Radiodonta (e.g., Anomalocaris) that provide insight into the step-by-step construction of euarthropod morphology, including the exoskeleton, biramous limbs, segmentation, and cephalic structures. Trilobites are crown group eu

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Rudkin, David M., Michael B. Cuggy, Graham A. Young, and Deborah P. Thompson. "An Ordovician Pycnogonid (Sea Spider) with Serially Subdivided ‘Head’ Region." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 3 (2013): 395–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-057.1.

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The bizarre morphology of living Pycnogonida, known colloquially as sea spiders, has long fueled dissent over their status within the arthropods. Pycnogonids figure prominently in recent analyses of anterior limb homologies and ancestral crown-group euarthropod relationships, with support for the concept of Pycnogonida as sister taxon to Euchelicerata now contested by proponents of a more basal position between Radiodonta and all other arthropods. A challenge to further elucidation of their phylogenetic position is the exceptional rarity and disjunct distribution of pycnogonids in the fossil r

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Caron, J. B., and J. Moysiuk. "A giant nektobenthic radiodont from the Burgess Shale and the significance of hurdiid carapace diversity." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 9 (2021): 210664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.210664.

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Radiodonts, stem-group euarthropods that evolved during the Cambrian explosion, were among the largest and most diversified lower palaeozoic predators. These animals were widespread geographically, occupying a variety of ecological niches, from benthic foragers to nektonic suspension feeders and apex predators. Here, we describe the largest Cambrian hurdiid radiodont known so far, Titanokorys gainesi , gen. et sp. nov., from the Burgess Shale (Marble Canyon, Kootenay National Park, British Columbia). Estimated to reach half a metre in length, this new species bears a very large ovoid-shaped ce

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Zeng, Han, Fangchen Zhao, Kecheng Niu, Maoyan Zhu, and Diying Huang. "An early Cambrian euarthropod with radiodont-like raptorial appendages." Nature 588 (November 4, 2020): 101–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2883-7.

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Zeng, Han, Zhao, Fangchen, Niu, Kecheng, Zhu, Maoyan, Huang, Diying (2020): An early Cambrian euarthropod with radiodont-like raptorial appendages. Nature 588: 101-105, DOI: https://DOi.ORg/10.1038/s41586-020-2883-7

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Paterson, John R., Diego C. Garćıa-Bellid, and Gregory D. Edgecomb. "The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 21, no. 1 (2023): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066.

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Paterson, John R., Garćıa-Bellid, Diego C., Edgecomb, Gregory D. (2023): The early Cambrian Emu Bay Shale radiodonts revisited: morphology and systematics. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology (2225066) 21 (1): 1-29, DOI: 10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2225066

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Pates, Stephen, Allison C. Daley, and Javier Ortega-Hernández. "Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62, no. 3 (2017): 619–25. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00361.2017.

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Pates, Stephen, Daley, Allison C., Ortega-Hernández, Javier (2017): Aysheaia prolata from the Utah Wheeler Formation (Drumian, Cambrian) is a frontal appendage of the radiodontan Stanleycaris. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 62 (3): 619-625, DOI: 10.4202/app.00361.2017, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00361.2017

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Jiao, De-Guang, Stephen Pates, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, et al. "The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66, no. 2 (2021): 255–74. https://doi.org/10.4202/app.00870.2020.

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Jiao, De-Guang, Pates, Stephen, Lerosey-Aubril, Rudy, Ortega-Hernández, Javier, Yang, Jie, Lan, Tian, Zhang, Xi-Guang (2021): The endemic radiodonts of the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 66 (2): 255-274, DOI: 10.4202/app.00870.2020, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.4202/app.00870.2020

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Zeng, Han, Fangchen Zhao, Kecheng Niu, Maoyan Zhu, and Diying Huang. "An early Cambrian euarthropod with radiodont-like raptorial appendages." Nature 588, no. 7836 (2020): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2883-7.

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Pates, Stephen, and Allison C. Daley. "Caryosyntrips : a radiodontan from the Cambrian of Spain, USA and Canada." Papers in Palaeontology 3, no. 3 (2017): 461–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1084.

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Liu, Yu, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Denis Audo, Dayou Zhai, Huijuan Mai, and Javier Ortega-Hernández. "Occurrence of the eudemersal radiodont Cambroraster in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and the diversity of hurdiid ecomorphotypes." Geological Magazine 157, no. 7 (2020): 1200–1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000187.

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AbstractRadiodonts are a diverse clade of Lower Palaeozoic stem-group euarthropods that played a key role in the emergence of complex marine trophic webs. The latest addition to the group, Cambroraster falcatus, was recently described from the Wuliuan Burgess Shale, and is characterized by a unique horseshoe-shaped central carapace element. Here we report the discovery of Cambroraster sp. nov. A, a new species from the Cambrian Stage 3 Chengjiang Lagerstätte of South China. The new occurrence of Cambroraster demonstrates that some of the earliest known radiodonts had already evolved a highly d

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Sun, Zhixin, Han Zeng, and Fangchen Zhao. "Occurrence of the hurdiid radiodont Cambroraster in the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan) Mantou Formation of North China." Journal of Paleontology 94, no. 5 (2020): 881–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2020.21.

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AbstractThe hurdiid radiodont Cambroraster is characterized by a prominent horseshoe-shaped head carapace, which bears conspicuous posterolateral spinous processes and covers half of the body length, and a pair of frontal appendages possessing rake-like endites. Here we report the discovery of characteristic central and lateral elements as well as a possible appendage endite for Cambroraster from the Cambrian Wuliuan Mantou Formation of North China. This discovery suggests that Cambroraster had dispersed over a wide biogeographic range and expands the geographic range of Hurdiidae. The increas

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Pates, Stephen, Allison C. Daley, and Bruce S. Lieberman. "Hurdiid radiodontans from the middle Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 1 (2017): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.11.

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AbstractRadiodontan body elements, some belonging toPeytoiaandHurdiaand some unassigned, have been reported from the Langston Formation (Spence Shale Member), Wheeler Formation, and Marjum Formation of the middle Cambrian (Series 3) of Utah. These identifications are reassessed in light of recent work on the morphology of the radiodontanHurdia. New specimens ofHurdiaare identified from the Spence Shale, representing mouthparts (oral cones), cephalic carapace H-elements, frontal appendages, and a single isolated swimming flap. The shape of the H-elements allowsH. victoriaWalcott, 1912 to be ide

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Zeng, Han, Fangchen Zhao, Zongjun Yin, and Maoyan Zhu. "Morphology of diverse radiodontan head sclerites from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte, south-west China." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 16, no. 1 (2017): 1–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1263685.

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Sun, Zhixin, Han Zeng, and Fangchen Zhao. "A new middle Cambrian radiodont from North China: Implications for morphological disparity and spatial distribution of hurdiids." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 558 (November 2020): 109947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2020.109947.

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Liu, Jianni, Michael Steiner, Jason A. Dunlop, and Degan Shu. "Microbial decay analysis challenges interpretation of putative organ systems in Cambrian fuxianhuiids." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1876 (2018): 20180051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0051.

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The Chengjiang fossil Lagerstätte (Cambrian Stage 3) from Yunnan, southern China is renowned for its soft-tissue preservation. Accordingly structures in fuxianhuiids, radiodontans and great appendage arthropods have been interpreted as the nervous and cardiovascular systems, including brains, hearts and blood vessels. That such delicate organ systems survive the fossilization process seems remarkable; given that this mode of preservation involves major taphonomic changes, such as flattening, microbial degradation, chemical alteration and replacement. Here, we document a range of taphonomic pre

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Liu, Yu, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, Denis Audo, Dayou Zhai, Huijuan Mai, and Javier Ortega-Hernández. "Occurrence of the eudemersal radiodont Cambroraster in the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and the diversity of hurdiid ecomorphotypes – ERRATUM." Geological Magazine 157, no. 12 (2020): 2113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756820000904.

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Guo, Jin, Stephen Pates, Peiyun Cong, et al. "A new radiodont (stem Euarthropoda) frontal appendage with a mosaic of characters from the Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang biota." Papers in Palaeontology 5, no. 1 (2018): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1231.

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Coatham, Samuel J., Jakob Vinther, Emily J. Rayfield, and Christian Klug. "Was the Devonian placoderm Titanichthys a suspension feeder?" Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 5 (2020): 200272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200272.

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Large nektonic suspension feeders have evolved multiple times. The apparent trend among apex predators for some evolving into feeding on small zooplankton is of interest for understanding the associated shifts in anatomy and behaviour, while the spatial and temporal distribution gives clues to an inherent relationship with ocean primary productivity and how past and future perturbations to these may impact on the different tiers of the food web. The evolution of large nektonic suspension feeders—‘gentle giants’—occurred four times among chondrichthyan fishes (e.g. whale sharks, basking sharks

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Potin, Gaëtan J. M., and Allison C. Daley. "The significance of Anomalocaris and other Radiodonta for understanding paleoecology and evolution during the Cambrian explosion." Frontiers in Earth Science 11 (May 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1160285.

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One of the most widespread and diverse animal groups of the Cambrian Explosion is a clade of stem lineage arthropods known as Radiodonta, which lived exclusively in the early Paleozoic. First reported in 1892 with Anomalocaris canadensis, radiodonts are now one of the best known early animal groups with excellent representation in the fossil record, and are ubiquitous components of Konservat-Lagerstätten from the Cambrian and the Early Ordovician. These large swimmers were characterised by a segmented body bearing laterally-oriented flaps, and a head with a distinct radial oral cone, a pair of

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Wu, Yu, Stephen Pates, Mingjing Zhang, et al. "Exceptionally preserved radiodont arthropods from the lower Cambrian (Stage 3) Qingjiang Lagerstätte of Hubei, South China and the biogeographic and diversification patterns of radiodonts." Papers in Palaeontology 10, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1583.

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AbstractThe Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 3) Qingjiang Lagerstätte of South China is one of the most diverse Burgess Shale‐type deposits around the world, yielding abundant non‐biomineralized fossils. Radiodonta, a taxonomically and ecologically diverse stem‐euarthropod group, has been generally thought to represent the largest consumers in early Palaeozoic marine ecosystems. Here we describe several new radiodont specimens from the Qingjiang Lagerstätte assigned to various groups, including Stanleycaris qingjiangensis sp. nov., a new type of hurdiid head carapace, one possible Hurdia carapace, an

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Liu, Jianni, Jason A. Dunlop, Michael Steiner, and Degan Shu. "A Cambrian fossil from the Chengjiang fauna sharing characteristics with gilled lobopodians, opabiniids and radiodonts." Frontiers in Earth Science 10 (July 22, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/feart.2022.861934.

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Parvibellus atavus gen. et sp. nov. from the Early Cambrian Chengjiang fauna of China is a small fossil having a distinct cephalic region bearing a pair of lateral projections and a circular, ventral mouth. The trunk bears eleven pairs of probably flap-like appendages and a short pair of terminal projections. This character combination is unique for the Chengjiang biota. A circular ventral mouth is seen in Radiodonta and in some of the gilled lobopodians which are thought to be among the radiodont’s closest relatives. P. atavus, gilled lobopodians, opabiniids, and radiodonts also share the put

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McCall, Christian R. A. "A large pelagic lobopodian from the Cambrian Pioche Shale of Nevada." Journal of Paleontology, December 13, 2023, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2023.63.

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Abstract Lobopodians are an iconic and diverse group of animals from the Cambrian, which alongside radiodonts, present an important window into the evolution of arthropods and the development of Paleozoic ecosystems. Of these, a rare few species outside of Radiodonta possess lateral swimming flaps. The recent discovery of Utahnax provided much-needed insight into the evolution of swimming flaps, suggesting that the ventrolateral flaps of Kerygmachela evolved independently from other flap-bearing lobopodians and radiodonts. Here a new pelagic lobopodian species is described, Mobulavermis adustu

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Zeng, Han, Fangchen Zhao, and Maoyan Zhu. "Innovatiocaris , a complete radiodont from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte and its implications for the phylogeny of Radiodonta." Journal of the Geological Society, September 7, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2021-164.

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The Palaeozoic radiodonts are important for understanding the evolution and ecology of early euarthropods. However, complete radiodont fossils are very rare, despite their central roles in understanding radiodont palaeobiology. Here we describe Innovatiocaris maotianshanensis gen. et sp. nov. in detail based on an iconic complete radiodont specimen from the early Cambrian Chengjiang Lagerstätte of China. The head of I . maotianshanensis has a pair of stalked eyes, an ovate dorsal sclerite, a pair of frontal appendages composed of 11 distal articulated podomeres bearing spiky endites with only

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Moysiuk, Joseph, and Jean-Bernard Caron. "A quantitative assessment of ontogeny and molting in a Cambrian radiodont and the evolution of arthropod development." Paleobiology, August 11, 2023, 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pab.2023.18.

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Abstract Radiodonta is a clade of stem euarthropods of central importance to our understanding of the evolution of this phylum. Radiodonts include some of the largest early Paleozoic animals; however, little is known about their ontogeny. We present an analysis of molting patterns and ontogeny in the radiodont Stanleycaris based on 265 exceptionally preserved specimens from the mid-Cambrian (Wuliuan) Burgess Shale. Ranging in size from 10 to 83 mm, they constitute the most extensive radiodont ontogenetic series known. Using a novel morphospace approach, we show that putative carcasses and exuv

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Potin, Gaëtan J. M., Pierre Gueriau, and Allison C. Daley. "Radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Biota (Morocco) reveal high diversity and ecological adaptations to suspension-feeding during the Early Ordovician." Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 11 (August 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2023.1214109.

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IntroductionThe Early Ordovician Fezouata Shale Formation (485–475Ma, Morocco) is a critical source of evidence for the unfolding Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE), the largest radiation in animal diversity during the Paleozoic. The Fezouata Shale preserves abundant remains of ancient marine organisms, including hundreds of specimens of radiodonts, a diverse and globally distributed group of stem lineage arthropods that first appeared as raptorial predators during the Cambrian Explosion.MethodsIn this work, we study 121 radiodont frontal appendages from the Fezouata Shale. Front

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Moysiuk, Joseph, and Jean-Bernard Caron. "Early evolvability in arthropod tagmosis exemplified by a new radiodont from the Burgess Shale." Royal Society Open Science 12, no. 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.242122.

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Much diversity in arthropod form is the result of variation in the number and differentiation of segments (tagmosis). Fossil evidence to date has suggested that the earliest-diverging arthropods, the radiodonts, exhibited comparatively limited variability in tagmosis. We present a new radiodont, Mosura fentoni n. gen. and n. sp., from the Cambrian (Wuliuan) Burgess Shale that departs from this pattern. Mosura exhibits up to 26 trunk segments, the highest number reported for any radiodont, despite being among the smallest known. The head is short, with a small, rounded preocular sclerite, three

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Lev, Oren, Gregory D. Edgecombe, and Ariel D. Chipman. "Serial Homology and Segment Identity in the Arthropod Head." Integrative Organismal Biology, April 21, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac015.

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Abstract The anterior-most unit of the crown-group arthropod body plan includes three segments, the pre-gnathal segments, that contain three neuromeres that together comprise the brain. Recent work on the development of this anterior region has shown that its three units exhibit many developmental differences to the more posterior segments, to the extent that they should not be considered serial homologs. Building on this revised understanding of the development of the pre-gnathal segments, we suggest a novel scenario for arthropod head evolution. We posit an expansion of an ancestral single-s

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Li, Wei, Jie Yang, Xiaoyu Yang, et al. "Omnidens appendages and the origin of radiodont mouthparts." Papers in Palaeontology 10, no. 6 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1600.

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AbstractThe sophisticated, modular and adaptable body plan of arthropods underpins their dominance in marine invertebrate communities. The origin of this body plan from legged lobopodian worms can be inferred from Cambrian Konservat‐Lagerstätten, but our understanding retains some notable gaps: not least in the transition from swimming lobopodians such as Kerygmachela and Pambdelurion to robustly sclerotized radiodonts such as Anomalocaris. A large Pambdelurion‐like fossil from the Xiaoshiba biota, Omnidens qiongqii sp. nov., exhibits a novel combination of characters: an oral apparatus with a

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Aria, Cédric, Fangchen Zhao, Han Zeng, Jin Guo, and Maoyan Zhu. "Fossils from South China redefine the ancestral euarthropod body plan." BMC Evolutionary Biology 20, no. 1 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-019-1560-7.

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Abstract Background Early Cambrian Lagerstätten from China have greatly enriched our perspective on the early evolution of animals, particularly arthropods. However, recent studies have shown that many of these early fossil arthropods were more derived than previously thought, casting uncertainty on the ancestral euarthropod body plan. In addition, evidence from fossilized neural tissues conflicts with external morphology, in particular regarding the homology of the frontalmost appendage. Results Here we redescribe the multisegmented megacheirans Fortiforceps and Jianfengia and describe Sklero

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Bicknell, Russell D. C., Michel Schmidt, Imran A. Rahman, et al. "Raptorial appendages of the Cambrian apex predator Anomalocaris canadensis are built for soft prey and speed." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 290, no. 2002 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.0638.

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The stem-group euarthropod Anomalocaris canadensis is one of the largest Cambrian animals and is often considered the quintessential apex predator of its time. This radiodont is commonly interpreted as a demersal hunter, responsible for inflicting injuries seen in benthic trilobites. However, controversy surrounds the ability of A. canadensis to use its spinose frontal appendages to masticate or even manipulate biomineralized prey. Here, we apply a new integrative computational approach, combining three-dimensional digital modelling, kinematics, finite-element analysis (FEA) and computational

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Wu, Yu, Stephen Pates, Cong Liu, et al. "A new radiodont from the lower Cambrian (Series 2 Stage 3) Chengjiang Lagerstätte, South China informs the evolution of feeding structures in radiodonts." Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 22, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2024.2364887.

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Jiao, De-guang, Stephen Pates, Rudy Lerosey-Aubril, et al. "New multipodomerous appendages of stem-group euarthropods from the Cambrian (Stage 4) Guanshan Konservat-Lagerstätte." Royal Society Open Science 8, no. 11 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211134.

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Stem-group euarthropods are important for understanding the early evolutionary and ecological history of the most species-rich animal phylum on Earth. Of particular interest are fossil taxa that occupy a phylogenetic position immediately crownwards of radiodonts, for this part of the euarthropod tree is associated with the appearance of several morphological features that characterize extant members of the group. Here, we report two new euarthropods from the Cambrian Stage 4 Guanshan Biota of South China. The fuxianhuiid Alacaris ? sp. is represented by isolated appendages composed of a gnatho

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