Journal articles: 'Radiographer'

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Shrestha, S., S. Maharhan, U. Khanal, and M. Humagain. "Evaluation of image quality in cervical spine lateral radiographs." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (February 16, 2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16652.

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In diagnostic radiography, cervical lateral spine x-ray is common radiographic examination among imaging of cervical spine. Thus, it is important to show entire anatomical structure, adequate penetration, soft tissue of neck and bony detail. This study attempts to quantify the quality of cervical spine radiographs by evaluating the quality of depiction of the anatomical and physical details. In this cross-sectional study, about 188 cases of cervical spine lateral radiographs were collected for study over the three months of period. Nine image criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, soft tissue visualization, C7/T1 junction, sharp bony detail, proper chin raise, artifact, density, patient rotation and collimation were followed and tabulated. Obtained data were analyzed using in SPSS v.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages, bar diagrams and graphs. Among 188 patients, about 23.4% cervical radiographs met all image criteria but remaining 76.6% did not meet these criteria due to no anatomical coverage (33.5%), no proper chin raise (46.3%), artifact (13.3%), patient rotation (50%) and no collimation (33.5%). It is difficult to perform good quality cervical radiograph according to European guidelines14. To a great extent the quality of cervical radiographs depends upon skill of radiographer, equipment condition (x-ray machine, CR reader) and co-operation of patients. This is always a challenge for radiographer and technologist.

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Keyte, Emily, Gillian Roe, Annmarie Jeanes, and Jeannette K. Kraft. "Immediate chest radiograph interpretation by radiographers improves patient safety related to nasogastric feeding tube placement in children." Pediatric Radiology 51, no. 9 (March 10, 2021): 1621–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-021-05032-9.

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Abstract Background Despite the publication of a national patient safety alert in 2016, inadvertent feeding through misplaced nasogastric tubes continues to occur, either through failure to review the radiograph, misinterpretation of it, or failure to communicate the results. Objective The objectives were to determine whether training in a new pathway introduced to avoid these “never events” was followed and whether radiographer comments and prompt communication of results could reduce risk and improve patient safety in relation to nasogastric tube placement in children. Materials and methods Following radiographer training in interpretation of nasogastric tube position and use of a commenting proforma and communication pathway, we reviewed all radiographs obtained to check nasogastric tubes performed over a 13-month period in children 0–16 years of age. Then we assessed accuracy of the radiographer comments, adherence to the pathway, and any practice change in children with misplaced nasogastric tubes. Results We reviewed 282 nasogastric tube check radiographs. For 262 radiographs (92.9%) the pathway was followed correctly. Of the total 282 radiographs, 240 (85%) were immediately reported using the standardised commenting proforma, and 235 radiographer comments were affirmed by the radiologist (97% accuracy, confidence interval 0.95–0.99). Of the immediately reported radiographs, 213 (88.8%) nasogastric tubes were considered to be safe for use. Four (1.7%) of the immediately reported nasogastric tubes were misplaced in a bronchus, and the report communicated to the clinical team resulted in removal or re-siting of the tubes. Conclusion Nasogastric tube check radiographs in children can be reported accurately by radiographers trained in their interpretation and the results promptly communicated to clinical staff, improving safety in relation to nasogastric tube placement in children.

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Žunić, Ljubica. "The Legal Framework for Academic Professional Development for Radiographers in Higher Education." Medicine, Law & Society 12, no. 1 (April 26, 2019): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/mls.12.1.65-84.2019.

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Technology has changed the world of radiography, setting the request for development and promotion of radiography occupation. This article focuses on key factors of education for radiologic technologist / radiographer. The important role of EFRS in promoting and developing advanced educational standards and qualifications for radiographers is elaborated. Harmonization and development of radiographer’s profession following technological development considers cooperation among educational institutions, employers and professional bodies, within the framework of European and national legislation. Society should provide the conditions for further education. Obtaining a master's and / or doctoral degree, and integration in teaching and research activities, helps transform radiographers into leadership roles within their departments.

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Waaler, Dag, Sigrid Hammer, Camilla Langdalen, and Linn Therese Håkonsen Haug. "How radiographers visually perceive X-ray images with the task of accepting or rejecting them – a pilot study." Radiography Open 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.7577/radopen.1997.

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Introduction: Radiographer´s usual role in the medical imaging chain is to acquire relevant and qualitatively good images that help the radiologist or physician to diagnose most accurately. After the image acquisition, the radiographer does a quality evaluation based on established imaging criteria to decide if the image is satisfactory, or otherwise reject it and subsequently take a new one. Contrary to expectations that the number of image rejects should decrease substantially with the introduction of digital imaging, a number of studies have shown that it has not, although the reasons for rejects has changed from exposure errors to positioning and centring errors. Very little research has been on examining how radiographers visually perceive and evaluate the X-ray images in this acceptance/rejection process.Purpose: Investigate how radiographers and radiography students visually perceives X-ray images in the process of accepting or rejecting them on basis of radiographic imaging criteria, and see if there are differences in strategies across experience levels.Materials and methods: Three radiography students and five radiographers with varying years of experience were given the task of accepting or rejecting shoulder and knee projection images based on positioning criteria. Using eye tracking, we measured the participants’ number and duration of gaze fixations within 1) the field of view defined by the monitor display, 2) the part of the monitor displaying the X-ray image only, and 3) the region within the X-ray images considered to be most relevant given the imaging criteria task. The quantitative eye-tracking measurements were followed-up by four qualitative questions.Results: Some differences in fixation patterns between the groups were found; the medium experienced radiographers spent statistically significant lesser number of fixations and lesser average single fixation durations than both the radiography students and the most experienced radiographers did, whereas the two latter groups scored almost equally. Conclusion: The study revealed that work experience might have some influence on how radiographers and radiography students assess X-ray images, but in subtler ways than expected. The study also revealed, however, quite large individual differences across experience.

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Pauli, Regina, Sean Hammond, Julie Cooke, and Janet Ansell. "Comparison of Radiographer/Radiologist Double Film Reading with Single Reading in Breast Cancer Screening." Journal of Medical Screening 3, no. 1 (March 1996): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096914139600300106.

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Objectives— To assess the efficacy of dual film reading in screening mammography with a suitably trained radiographer as the second reader and to determine a suitable decision model for radiographer/radiologist double reading. Setting— Three breast screening centres in South Thames (West) region. Methods— Seven radiographers with prior film reading training double read 17 202 screening mammograms with a radiologist. Screening performance of radiographers and radiologists was assessed taking into account interval cancers. The efficacy of radiographer/radiologist double reading was assessed in terms of changes in sensitivity and specificity compared with radiologist single reading. Results— Radiographers yielded equivalent sensitivity but lower specificity than radiologist film readers. The effect of double reading between radiographer/radiologist pairs was an increase in sensitivity of 6.4%, which was achieved at the cost of a 0.6% decrease in specificity. This was reached by a decision system involving radiologists' review of radiographer queries and recall classifications. If all radiographer queries were recalled a large increase in sensitivity would be counterbalanced by an equally large decrease in specificity. Conclusions— Radiographer/radiologist double reading resulted in similar increases in sensitivity as those previously reported in radiologist double reading studies. Radiologist review of radiographer reported abnormalities is a suitable means by which to limit excess recall.

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Hardy, Maryann, and Beverly Snaith. "Radiographer interpretation of trauma radiographs: Issues for radiography education providers." Radiography 15, no. 2 (May 2009): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2007.10.004.

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Sumarsono, Handi, Nur Wijayanti, and Siti Masrochah. "Analisis Determinan Kesehatan Terhadap Kepatuhan Pemakaian Alat Pelindung Diri (Proteksi Radiasi) Bagi Radiografer di Wilayah Pasuruan Dan Sidoarjo." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 8, no. 1 (February 11, 2022): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v8i1.8076.

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Background: Hospitals in Pasuruan and Sidoarjo are Covid-19 referral hospitals that are very at risk of occupational infections for officers. Radiographer are workers who have more direct contact with patients, therefore nurses must apply the use of Personal Protective Equipment (APD) following the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP). The purpose of the study was to analyze the influence of health determinants (supervision, self-efficacy, and work culture) on compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (radiation protection) for radiographers in the Pasuruan and Sidoarjo regions.Methods: Design observational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population of all radiographers in the Pasuruan and Sidoarjo is 100 people. Sampled all 100 radiographers with total sampling techniques. Independent variables of supervision, self-efficacy, and work culture. Variable dependent compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (radiation protection) for radiographers.Results: The results showed there was an influence of radiographer surveillance patterns on compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (radiation protection) for radiographers (p-value 0.000), there was an effect of radiographer self-efficacy on compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (radiation protection) for radiographers (p-value 0.000), there was the influence of radiographer work culture on compliance with the use of personal protective equipment (radiation protection) for radiographers (p-value 0.000).Conclusions: Supervision, self-efficacy, and work culture are among the factors that significantly influence radiographer adherence to the use of PPE. The hope is that by having a good knowledge of K3, nurses will be more obedient to protection as prevention of infection transmission.

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Mardliyyah, Aisyatun, Anggraini Dwi Sensusiati, and Amilia Kartika Sari. "ROLE OF RADIOGRAPHER IN HANDLING COVID-19 AT CT SCAN ROOM DURING PANDEMIC." Journal of Vocational Health Studies 4, no. 2 (November 19, 2020): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jvhs.v4.i2.2020.83-88.

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Background: Radiographers have a big role in handling COVID-19 during the pandemic. Radiographers not only play an important role in making good diagnostic images, but also in efforts to prevent infection transmission, especially in the CT scan room. Purpose: To compile and summarize role of radiographer in handling COVID-19 at CT scan room during pandemic. Methods: The method used is literature study. Sources of data used are observations and summaries of various literature from a collection of journals selected according to predetermined criteria and then presented descriptivel/narratively. Result: Role of radiographer in handling COVID-19 at CT scan room during pandemic from various journals. Conclusion: Role of radiographer includes setting the area and staff, preparing for the examination, conducting the examination, the level of PPE use, cleaning and disinfection methods and treating medical waste.

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Bwanga, Osward, Raphael Musoko Kayembe, and James Maimbo Sichone. "Intravenous cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers: a literature review to guide the training and practice in Zambia." African Health Sciences 22, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v22i2.72.

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Background: There has been a demand for radiographers in Zambia to perform intravenous (IV) cannulation and administration of contrast media, a role which, traditionally, was radiologists’. This demand is due to a shortage of radiologists and an increase in demand for imaging examinations. This review aimed at synthesising relevant literature related to IV cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers to guide the training and practice in Zambia. Methods: A structured literature search was conducted in three online databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, and ScienceDirect), radiography journals, and cited references to identify research studies on IV cannulation and administration of contrast media by radiographers. Results: Seven studies were identified and included in this review. The findings are summarised under six themes: benefits and challenges, adoption of the extended role, infection control, safety and complications, medico-legal issues, and education and training. Our findings revealed that radiographer-led IV cannulation and administration of contrast media contribute positively to the management of imaging patients. Conclusion: The themes identified in this review could provide a template of where to base the establishment of the training programme and local guidelines. Before extending the role of radiographers, the scope of practice should be extended, and accredited training programme and local guidelines should be put in place. Keywords: Contrast media; intravenous cannulation; radiographer; radiologist; Zambia.

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Syivasari, Falentina. "Studi Kualitatif Phenomenology: Peran Radiografer Dalam Mengerjakan Pemeriksaan Radiologi Untuk Pasien Covid-19." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2022): 80–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v8i2.8209.

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Background: Until now, Indonesia has become one of the countries with the highest health worker death rate in ASIA and the 3rd highest in the world due to exposure to COVID-19, reaching 647 people. Radiographers are one of the first lines of health professionals who are very likely to be exposed to COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to find out the adaptation of new radiographer habits during the COVID-19 pandemic including radiographer work experience, radiographer health conditions (including fisk and mental health) and radiographer resilience in pandemic times.Methods: Research design uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological types of research. The selection of informants is obtained from observations and interviews to radiographers. The study used purposive sampling techniques. Research instruments use observation sheets, interview guidelines and documentation study sheets. This research was conducted in the Radiology Unit at COVID-19 referral hospitals, public hospitals and private hospitals, around the city area of Surabaya, east Java. The data collection time is expected to be held in April - June 2021.Results: The results showed the work experience of radiographers before the pandemic period was very different from the experience during the pandemic. Radiographers experienced more convenience when working in the time before the pandemic. Much of the change lies in the use of personal protective equipment. The majority of respondents had high optimism about their health condition as well as a great sense of responsibility in caring for patients suspected of Covid-19. The majority of respondents continue to carry out the obligation to treat patients suspected of Covid-19 or who are confirmed positive for Covid-19 because it is an obligation for every radiographer. These differences include restrictions on the number of radiographers in the room, the use of PPE at level 3, and the screening process that must be done before examining patients.Conclusions: The role of radiographers is very important in carrying out radiological examinations, especially in pandemic times. Radiographers who are competent and comply with the SOP during the pandemic so as to minimize exposure to Covid 19.

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Harvey-Lloyd, Jane, and Jane Morris. "Supporting Newly Qualified Diagnostic Radiographers: Are We Getting It Right?" International Journal of Practice-based Learning in Health and Social Care 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18552/ijpblhsc.v8i2.673.

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The NHS is facing a rising demand in services and consequently, newly qualified practitioners are required to possess a much wider set of skills than ever before. In diagnostic radiography, this pressure is underpinned by the expanding role that diagnostic imaging now plays in many patient pathways. Despite the need for structured support for graduates which has been acknowledged by a range of studies and the introduction of the Preceptorship Framework for Newly Registered Nurses, Midwives and Allied Health Professionals (Department of Health, (DoH), 2010) the uptake in radiography is limited. A longitudinal study employed an interpretive phenomenological methodology collating data from nine participants during their first year as band five radiographers. Each participant was interviewed at three, six and twelve months. Six main themes were identified during a wider PhD study Being and Becoming a Diagnostic Radiographer (Harvey-Lloyd, 2018). This article explores one of the key sub themes ‘structured support’ which strongly featured in the three- and six-month interviews. Two of the nine participants received a structured support programme during their first 12 months of transition as newly qualified radiographers. These programmes focussed on the completion of tasks and were mechanistic in approach. This type of support ignores the process of transformation into the role of a diagnostic radiographer and fails to adequately support those from Generation Z. A model of preceptorship is proposed which combines skills and competence development, supporting transition and personal and professional development; thus, providing the newly qualified radiographers with a holistic range of support.

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Cain, Michelle. "Radiographer non-medical prescribing: independence and implications for practice." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.10.506.

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Non-medical prescribing is not a new initiative in healthcare. The modernisation of the NHS, strained workforces in radiotherapy and clinical oncology and the recognition that the role of the radiographer extends across the entire patient pathway has motivated development of therapeutic radiographer roles. For advanced, expert and consultant radiographers, this includes non–medical, supplementary, and independent prescribing authority. Limitations in current prescribing legislation have the potential to negatively impact these services. However, the overall benefits of non-medical prescribing for the patient, professional and entire workforce are undeniable. Radiographer non-medical prescribing is pertinent to the maintenance and continued improvement of cancer services.

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Rahmawati, Neni. "ANALISIS SAFE BEHAVIOR DENGAN PENDEKATAN BEHAVIOR-BASED SAFETY PADA RADIOGRAFER DI RUMAH SAKIT Dr. SOETOMO SURABAYA." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i3.2017.321-333.

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The development of science in health world may let use radiation to diagnose a disease. Radiation have some bad effect if excessively exposed, so that management should be create radiographer’s safe behavior to prevent an accident. Management could applied behavior based safety with a behavioral intervention effort and external factor to encourage radiographer’s safe behavior. The aim of this research was to analyze safe behavior by using behavior based safety approach for radiographer in Instalasi Radiodiagnostik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. This was a cross sectional study with qualitative approach in order to know about behavioral intervention effort and external factor in Instalasi Radiodiagnostik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Respondent of this research was 11 people who all authorized as radiographer in Instalasi Radiodiagnostik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. The results of this research represent that radiographer’s behavior in Instalasi Radiodiagnostik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya 100% included in safe category. Management has used behavioral intervention effort properly, by applied activator and consequence to direct and motivate radiographer’s behavior. As discovered that the external factor of instalasi radiodiagnostik has support radiographer to perform safe behavior. The conclusion of this research was radiographer’s safe behavior created by behavioral intervention effort which used activator and consequence to direct and motivate radiographer’s safe behavior and external factor supporting radiographer’s safe behavior in Instalasi Radiodiagnostik Rumah Sakit Dr. Soetomo Surabaya. Keywords: behavioral intervention effort, external factor, safe behavior

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Woznitza, Nick. "Radiographer reporting." Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences 61, no. 2 (May 20, 2014): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmrs.51.

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Lumsden, Laura, and Philip Cosson. "Attitudes of radiographers to radiographer-led discharge: A survey." Radiography 21, no. 1 (February 2015): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2014.07.005.

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Taylor, Nicholas. "Veterinary nurse to medical diagnostic radiographer." Veterinary Record 181, no. 8 (August 18, 2017): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.j3917.

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Nicholas Taylor is senior diagnostic radiographer at the Great Western Hospital, Swindon, having initially qualified as a veterinary nurse. It was a college lecture that initially sparked his interest in radiography – little did he know where it would lead

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Yusuf, Dani. "CASE STUDY OF THE RADIOGRAPHER CREDENTIAL PROGRAM AS A STANDARD FOR SLEMAN REGIONAL HOSPITAL, 2019." Jurnal Admmirasi 6, no. 2 (November 23, 2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.47638/admmirasi.v6i2.138.

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Background : In order to maintain clinical governance in the radiology installation, it is necessary to do the radiographer’s credential program as it serves to collect, Verify and evaluate educational licenses, training, competence, And experience of existing health workers. Credentials are an evaluation process by the hospital of a health worker to determine whether the person concerned is worthy of a clinical assignment and clinical authority to carry out certain medical care/actions within the hospital environment for a certain period.Purpose : To analyze the perceptions of radiographers and relevant policy makers, about the process of implementing the credential program for the radiographer profession, especially in RSUD Sleman.Methods : Methods of data collection through in-depth interviews with radiographers and policy makers, And documentary studies related to the radiographer’s credential program in hospitals. For the result of the research, the radiographer’s credential were analyzed using qualitative methods. The location is in Sleman hospital, Yogyakarta.Results : From the analysis of the radiographer’s perception of the credential program, it was found that the implementation of the radiographer’s credentials at the Sleman Hospital was in accordance with the existing mechanism.Conclusion : From the research result, it can be concluded that the implementation of credentials at the Sleman Hospital has been carried out independently, but the implementation of the radiographer’s credentials program independently needs to be evaluated regarding the implementation mechanism. Because the credential program is only limited to the administrative aspect (portfolio), This is still less than ideal and objective, Considering the increasingly complex services available in radiology installations. More competency assessment methods are needed to maintain accountability and competence of health workers in order to ensure that patients get safe and quality health services.

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Nadila, PZ, YHP Manurung, SA Halim, SK Abas, G. Tham, E. Haruman, M. Mokhtar, and Z. Awaldin. "Development of Stand Alone Application Tool for Processing and Quality Measurement of Weld Imperfection Image Captured by μ-Focused Digital Radiography Using MATLAB- Based Graphical User Interface." Journal of Engineering Research [TJER] 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol9iss2pp64-79.

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Digital radiography incresingly is being applied in the fabrication industry. Compared to film- based radiography, digitally radiographed images can be acquired with less time and fewer exposures. However, noises can simply occur on the digital image resulting in a low-quality result. Due to this and the system’s complexity, parameters’ sensitivity, and environmental effects, the results can be difficult to interpret, even for a radiographer. Therefore, the need of an application tool to improve and evaluate the image is becoming urgent. In this research, a user-friendly tool for image processing and image quality measurement was developed. The resulting tool contains important components needed by radiograph inspectors in analyzing defects and recording the results. This tool was written by using image processing and the graphical user interface development environment and compiler (GUIDE) toolbox available in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB) R2008a. In image processing methods, contrast adjustment, and noise removal, edge detection was applied. In image quality measurement methods, mean square error (MSE), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), modulation transfer function (MTF), normalized signal-to-noise ratio (SNRnorm), sensitivity and unsharpness were used to measure the image quality. The graphical user interface (GUI) wass then compiled to build a Windows, stand-alone application that enables this tool to be executed independently without the installation of MATLAB.

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Suwal, Sundar, Surakshya Koirala, and Dinesh Chataut. "Evaluation of the Diagnostic Quality of Chest Radiographs." Nepalese Journal of Radiology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v12i1.42266.

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Introduction: With the advancement of conventional radiography to digital, digital radiography of the chest is commonly performed these days. The role and importance of diagnostic quality of radiographs are to help the radiologists and the clinicians in the diagnosis of diseases and their management, as well as to prevent the misdiagnosis of any pathology. This study was an attempt to quantify the diagnostic quality of chest radiographs by evaluating the quality of depiction of the anatomical details as well as other technical factors. Method: A total of 450 chest radiographs, produced at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, were selected for study over two months period. Five image quality criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, rotation, adequate penetration, adequate inspiration, and scapula out of lung fields were evaluated and tabulated. Results: Out of the 450 radiographs taken for study, only 22.2% of the radiographs fulfilled all the image quality criteria, the rest 77.8% either lacked one or more of the quality criteria. Conclusion: Many technical factors affect the image quality of digital chest radiographs. However, the radiographer/technologist should always try to maintain adequate image quality of the radiographs.

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Egestad, Helen. "Radiographers relationship with head and neck cancer patients." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 12, no. 3 (April 22, 2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396912000441.

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AbstractIntroductionHead and neck cancer patients face many demanding events, such as radiation therapy, which can cause anxiety and uncertainty. Studies report that relevant information decreases emotional distress and inadequate communication can lead to increased fear and anxiety. There is a lack of research that describes what radiographers do when they meet the patients. The aim is to explain what radiographers’ do that may lead to less anxiety and uncertainty for head and neck cancer patients.MethodThis study was conducted via qualitative interviews and took on a phenomenological, hermeneutic approach. Eleven head and neck cancer patients were interviewed 1-month post radiation therapy.ResultsSuccessful meetings are characterised by the radiographer smiling, being pleasant, referring to the patient by their name, informing the patient thoroughly, asking open questions and answering questions.ConclusionHead and neck cancer patients feel vulnerable and need the radiographer to create a safe atmosphere when they undergo treatment. Then radiographers reduce uncertainty, provide emotional support, reduce loneliness, provide information and create alliances.

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A. Oglat, Ammar, Firas Fohely, Ali AL Masalmeh, Ismail AL Jbour, Laith AL Jaradat, and Sema I. Athamnah. "Attitudes toward the Integration of Radiographers into the First-Line Interpretation of Imaging Using the Red Dot System." Bioengineering 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010071.

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The red dot system uses expertise in the identification of anomalies to assist radiologists in distinguishing radiological abnormalities and managing them before the radiologist report is sent. This is a small step on the road to greater role development for radiographers. This practice has existed for more than 20 years in the UK. Today, it is only the UK seeking to legislate radiographer reports. The aim of this paper is to put focus on this issue, determine whether radiographer reports are necessary, and explore whether there are any benefits that can be highlighted to encourage health authorities worldwide to allow radiographers to write clinical reports. Additionally, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of radiographers (non-radiologists) in medical image interpretation, using 95 samples that were collected randomly and a representative sample of radiographers and radiologists of both genders. The SPSS program was used for the statistical analysis of the samples and to scientifically explain the results. We found that radiologists have no objections to the participation of radiographers in diagnosis assistance, interpretation, and clinical reporting through the red dot system. Therefore, there was support for the future implementation of such a system in health care.

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Early, S., J. O'Sullivan, and S. Hynds. "THE TRANSITION FROM THERAPY RADIOGRAPHER TO CLINICAL RESEARCH RADIOGRAPHER." Radiotherapy and Oncology 92 (August 2009): S158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73001-3.

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Sudo-Szopińska, Iwona, Victor Cassar-Pullicino, and Marta Panas-Goworska. "Miss Katie Clark: Pioneer of Standardization of Radiographic Projections." Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology 26, no. 04 (August 2022): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1745823.

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AbstractThis history page in the series “Leaders in MSK radiology” is dedicated to the memory and achievements of the British radiographer Kathleen C. Clark, recognized as a pioneer of standardization of radiographic projections.

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Routsis, D., S. Thomas, and J. Head. "Are extended working days sustainable in radiotherapy?" Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 5, no. 2 (June 2006): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396906000112.

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A number of Radiotherapy Departments have extended the working day on linear accelerators, as a method of increasing treatment capacity. However, reports from the Royal College of Radiologists predict a rate of increase in requirements for radiotherapy, significantly in excess of the rate at which radiographers will become available to run the necessary equipment.Based on the premise that radiographers are the most difficult staff group to recruit, a number of different patterns of radiotherapy linear accelerator use has been investigated, with an aim of seeing which delivers the greatest return on radiographer time. The requirement for radiographers per linac-hour has been examined for a number of lengths of day and utilising various staffing assumptions.Given current patterns of work, the greatest manpower efficiency in use of trained radiographers is achieved if machines are run for a 7-h-day or for an 8-h-day if part-time radiographers are available. This working pattern relies on all ancillary tasks being removed from the treatment unit, many of which can be performed by other appropriately trained, non-radiographer, staff groups.With linac-hour demand projected to rise faster than the rate at which new trained radiographers become available, extended working days are not sustainable without significant change to current work patterns.

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Gancarz, Józef. "Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) – expectations versus possibilities. Problem concerning clinician–radiographer, and radiographer–radiographer communication." Polish Journal of Radiology 79 (May 21, 2014): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12659/pjr.890597.

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Ekayultania, Vivin Nadine, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Panoramic and periapical radiographs utilization in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): narrative review." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i3.714.

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Objectives: The purpose of this narrative review is to discover radiographic images in panoramic and periapical radiographs that are used as identifiers and to compare the use of panoramic and periapical radiographs in identification based on DVI. Review: The databases used in this narrative review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1258 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic, then results are selected again based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 38 literatures were reviewed. This review shows radiographic identifiers used in panoramic radiographs are tooth restorations, crown, Root Canal Treatment (RCT), dental bridge, dental implants, maxillary sinus, rectilinear metal plate, orthodontic brackets, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. The radiographic identifiers used in periapical radiograph are tooth restorations, PSA, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. In this review, 53.8% of the literatures used panoramic radiograph for identification, whereas 46.2% used periapical radiograph. Conclusion: This review concluded that the most used radiographic identifier in panoramic radiograph is tooth restoration (57,1%) whereas in periapical radiograph is RCT (83,3%). Panoramic radiography were used in 53,8% of the literatures in this review, it was used more than periapical radiography.

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Schneider, Benjamin, Christine Chevallier, Alejandro Dominguez, Christine Bruguier, Cristèle Elandoy, Patrice Mangin, and Silke Grabherr. "The Forensic Radiographer." American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology 33, no. 1 (March 2012): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/paf.0b013e31820c6aa3.

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McConnell, Jonathan, and Martin Child. "The interventional radiographer." CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology 22, no. 3 (May 1999): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002709900363.

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Hardy, Maryann, and Hugh Harvey. "Artificial intelligence in diagnostic imaging: impact on the radiography profession." British Journal of Radiology 93, no. 1108 (April 2020): 20190840. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20190840.

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The arrival of artificially intelligent systems into the domain of medical imaging has focused attention and sparked much debate on the role and responsibilities of the radiologist. However, discussion about the impact of such technology on the radiographer role is lacking. This paper discusses the potential impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the radiography profession by assessing current workflow and cross-mapping potential areas of AI automation such as procedure planning, image acquisition and processing. We also highlight the opportunities that AI brings including enhancing patient-facing care, increased cross-modality education and working, increased technological expertise and expansion of radiographer responsibility into AI-supported image reporting and auditing roles.

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Akhmadi, Rahayu Nia Pratiwi, Diah Rusita, and Nurhasuna. "PERAN RADIOGRAFER DALAM PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI (USG)." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 4, no. 2 (November 29, 2021): 79–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v4i2.92.

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ABSTRACT Background: USG is one of the many areas of specialization for radiographers in Indonesia to develop their professional careers. Many countries in the world have implemented an ultrasound education system as an alternative field in the career development of health workers, in order to support the improvement of health facility services for the community. Especially in the Southeast Asia region, there has been special ultrasound education, namely in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. In Indonesia, the USG education program has been specifically included in the radiographer education curriculum system, so that ultrasound is one part of the competence possessed by radiographers.Methods: This study uses a library research method or literature review, and a qualitative descriptive approach, through interviews, regarding the role of the radiographer in USGResults: Of the 3 (three) journals, literature reviews were conducted, sourced from Europe, especially England, and interviews were conducted with the researchers, then continued with 1 (one) interview from the United States sonographer, and 1 (one) interview from the Australian Sonologist. All of them explain the active role of the radiographer on ultrasound.Conclusions: Radiographers can play an active role in ultrasound services, especially in the field of ultrasound examination techniques, which will then produce a report in the form of an ultrasound image, and the results of an interim report, which will then be concluded by the doctor, in this particular case by the Radiology Specialist

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Woznitza, Nick, Lisa Pittock, James Elliott, and Bev Snaith. "Diagnostic radiographer advanced clinical practice in the United Kingdom – A national cross-sectional survey." BJR|Open 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 20210003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjro.20210003.

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Objectives: To survey the diagnostic radiography workforce in the United Kingdom (UK) at an organisational level to ascertain the scope of advanced practice and compliance with Health Education England standards for multiprofessional advanced clinical practice (ACP). Methods: 174 diagnostic imaging departments were invited to participate in a cross-sectional electronic survey focused upon advanced level practice and their educational and accreditation expectations (October–December 2019). Breast imaging, computed tomography, fluoroscopy, interventional radiology, lithotripsy, magnetic resonance imaging and projectional radiography were included. Results: A total of 97 responses were received, of which 79 were eligible for inclusion (45%). Respondents reported advanced-level practice roles across all imaging modalities, which included clinical reporting, procedural-based and combined roles. Radiograph and mammogram reporting were most prevalent (95 and 67% of Trusts), with fluoroscopy the most frequent procedure-only role (25%). Only 39% of trusts required adherence to the four pillars of ACP within job descriptions, and only 12% requiring a full Masters qualification. Conclusions: Diagnostic radiographer reporting and procedure-based roles in the NHS are varied and widespread. However, inconsistencies in fulfilment against the expected standards for advanced practice exist. Realignment of advanced-level roles to delineate enhanced and advanced clinical practice may ensure consistency between roles and professions. A requirement for accreditation as an advanced (clinical) practitioner with adherence to advanced practice requirements could therefore provide value to accreditation for both individual practitioners and Trusts. Advances in knowledge: Within the UK, diagnostic radiographer roles previously self-identified as advanced-level practice may be termed enhanced practice when not adhering to expected ACP standards.

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Gegler, Aderson, and Vania Fontanella. "Metodização da técnica triangular de rastreamento de curvaturas e perfurações radiculares." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 40, no. 1 (July 24, 2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.111047.

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In the diagnosis and exact localization of root curvatures and perforations the "three-angled technique of radiographic tracing" is employed and consists in three periapical radiographs . The aim of this study was to veriry if with technique's methodization it is possible to reduce the number of radiographic exposures in these diagnoses. Eight-four exlrated teeth were pelforated and radiographed. Two of three radiographs were given to three observers and, later, the third radiograph was supplied. The results have shown that the diagnosis given with two radiographs does not differ statistically from that with three.

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Šterc, J., and R. Lepková. "Personnel Exposure to Scattered Radiation During Radiography of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint in the Horse Using a Portable X-Ray Machine." Acta Veterinaria Brno 76, no. 1 (2007): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb200776010105.

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Radiography of the distal interphalangeal joints of two limbs of a cadaver of a horse weighing 550 kg was conducted in the present study. The examination was performed on lateromedial, palmaroproximal-palmarodistal views and on dorsoproximal-palmarodistal, dorsolateral-palmaromedial, dorsomedial-palmarolateral views of a raised limb placed on a navicular block, and of weight-bearing limbs. During the examination, doses of scattered radiation were measured at the sites of radiographer, assistant holding a film cassette and assistant positioning the examined limb or the opposite one. The lowest radiation dose was received by the assistant holding the cassette behind the examined region; a total equivalent dose of 183.6 - 201.7 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 110.8 - 113.3 nSv by his eye lens and neck during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint. The radiographer was exposed to higher radiation; an equivalent dose of 846.6 - 854.1 nSv was received by his hands and genitals, and 271.8 - 328.2 nSv by the eye lens and the neck. The highest scattered radiation dose was received by the assistant positioning the examined limbs; equivalent doses were 7751 - 9354 nSv (hands), 1117.3 - 1119.5 nSv (genitals), and 880.6 - 1096.2 nSv (eye lens and neck). The equivalent dose values measured, received by the radiographer and the assistants during the examination of the distal interphalangeal joint seem to be very low relative to radiation exposure limits. However, it must be taken into account that the personnel involved in radiography is also exposed to scattered radiation during other examinations where radiation doses are often much higher. These results indicate the necessity to use protective lead aprons, gloves and collars during radiography of the distal interphalangeal joint.

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Diartama, Anak Agung Aris, Susy Suswaty, Win Priantoro, Sugiyanto Sugiyanto, Sudiyono Sudiyono, M. Choiroel Anwar, Leny Latifah, Aris Santjaka, Faisal Amri, and Donny Kristanto Mulyantoro. "The design of radiology viewing box using light emitting diode and potentiometer." GHMJ (Global Health Management Journal) 1, no. 1 (June 22, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35898/ghmj-1196.

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Background: In the process of work to gain the maximum results, a radiologist needs a viewing box tool to read radiographs. Therefore, the authors want to develop a viewing box tool, which in general the work if this tool resembles the factory manufactured tool. The viewing tool box made can adjust the intensity of the light produced.Objective: to create a viewing box tool by using a potentiometer system.Methods: This study used applied research method by creating and using the design of viewing box tool by using a potentiometer system and testing the viewing box tool created by using a Lux meter and 15 respondents consisting of five radiologists and 10 radiographers who should fulfill the questionnaire form.Results: The mean of viewing box illumination reached 220 lux. The results of the questionnaire showed that 100% radiologist gave an A (excellent) and expressed that the viewing box tool created could be used properly and 90% radiographers provided an A (excellent) and expressed that the viewing box tool created could be used properly, while 10% radiographer gave a value of B (moderate).Conclusion: viewing box tool created could be used properly and obtained optimal results as a tool in reading radiographs. Potentiometer system contained in the viewing box was very helpful in reading radiographs because it allowed to adjust the light intensity according to user needs.Keywords : Viewing box, Potentiometer Bibliography : 1980-2011

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Germonpré, S., G. Vermaut, and J. Trybou. "The acceptance of radiographers to use Non-fluoroscopy Guided Positioning and the influence of leadership: a survey research." Radioprotection 54, no. 4 (September 13, 2019): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/2019028.

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Although using fluoroscopy to position the patient for radiographic examinations cannot be justified, it is commonly used by several radiology departments. In an attempt to understand the determinants of non-fluoroscopy-guided positioning, this study investigates the predictive value of performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social influence. Subsequently, the moderation of individualised consideration by the head radiographer, as a leadership trait, is tested. The study is performed by using data of a self-administered paper and pencil questionnaire distributed among 17 Belgian hospitals. All 301 radiographers working in radiology departments were invited to cooperate. We found that effort expectancy is the strongest predictor, closely followed by performance expectancy. The effect of social influence is also found to be significant. The outcome of the moderation analysis shows that only the effect of social influence on the behavioural intention to use non-fluoroscopy-guided positioning is significantly moderated by individualised consideration. In conclusion we can state that the findings of this research can be a helpful tool for radiologists and head radiographers to stimulate the staff to improve imaging practices.

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McKEOWN, MALCOLM. "ALFRED GEORGE FRYETT: RADIOGRAPHER." Australasian Radiology 32, no. 1 (February 1988): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1988.tb02685.x.

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Mohindra, S., and SL Ayers. "Impressions of a Radiographer." BMUS Bulletin 1, no. 1 (February 1993): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742271x9300100105.

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McKenzie, Graham A., Sandra Mathers, Donald T. Graham, and Rosemary A. Chesson. "Radiographer performed barium enemas." Radiography 3, no. 3 (August 1997): 241–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1078-8174(97)90037-7.

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Agustin, Cherry. "Publish in The Radiographer." Radiographer 57, no. 3 (December 2010): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2051-3909.2010.tb00128.x.

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Watts, H. "Radiographer research-what next?" Radiography 29, no. 2 (March 2023): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2023.01.007.

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Murphy, M., C. F. Loughran, H. Birchenough, J. Savage, and C. Sutcliffe. "A comparison of radiographer and radiologist reports on radiographer conducted barium enemas." Radiography 8, no. 4 (November 2002): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/radi.2002.0384.

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Peng, Cheng, Haofu Liao, Gina Wong, Jiebo Luo, S. Kevin Zhou, and Rama Chellappa. "XraySyn: Realistic View Synthesis From a Single Radiograph Through CT Priors." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16120.

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A radiograph visualizes the internal anatomy of a patient through the use of X-ray, which projects 3D information onto a 2D plane. Hence, radiograph analysis naturally requires physicians to relate their prior knowledge about 3D human anatomy to 2D radiographs. Synthesizing novel radiographic views in a small range can assist physicians in interpreting anatomy more reliably; however, radiograph view synthesis is heavily ill-posed, lacking in paired data, and lacking in differentiable operations to leverage learning-based approaches. To address these problems, we use Computed Tomography (CT) for radiograph simulation and design a differentiable projection algorithm, which enables us to achieve geometrically consistent transformations between the radiography and CT domains. Our method, XraySyn, can synthesize novel views on real radiographs through a combination of realistic simulation and finetuning on real radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on radiograph view synthesis. We show that by gaining an understanding of radiography in 3D space, our method can be applied to radiograph bone extraction and suppression without requiring groundtruth bone labels.

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Hales, Rosie B., John Rodgers, Lee Whiteside, Lisa McDaid, Joseph Berresford, Geoff Budgell, Ananya Choudhury, and Cynthia L. Eccles. "Therapeutic Radiographers at the Helm: Moving Towards Radiographer-Led MR-Guided Radiotherapy." Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences 51, no. 3 (September 2020): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmir.2020.05.001.

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Ormerod, Alison Mary, and Anne J. Jessop. "An evaluation of support of patients with prostate cancer during and beyond radiotherapy treatment. A local perspective on future provision." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 14, no. 4 (July 23, 2015): 370–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396915000308.

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AbstractPurposeThis study was designed to evaluate whether radiographer-led on-treatment review clinics are meeting the wider needs of prostate patients receiving radiotherapy.MethodsSemi-structured interviews were used to elicit patient and staff perspectives. Interviews are used extensively in qualitative research to produce a breadth and depth of insight into participants’ experiences and opinions. Seven patients and two radiographers participated in individual audio-taped interviews. Thematic analysis of the data identified some key themes and their perceived importance within the review service for both patients and staff.ResultsSemi-structured interviews were used to elicit patient and staff views. Several themes emerged from patient and radiographer perspectives. Radiographers and patients both expressed overall satisfaction with the service. Strengths included staff communication, relaxed environment, individualised support, regular information spread throughout the review pathway and consistency in managing acute side effects. Weaknesses included information and communication gaps at the beginning and end of treatment, information inconsistency between staff groups, gaps in specialist knowledge and a possible gap in skills where staff could train as supplementary prescribers.ConclusionInterviews produced an in-depth view of patient and staff experiences. Staff and patients identified both strengths and areas for improvement within the local service. Study findings support review radiographers in sourcing additional specialist training and a closer collaboration with other staff groups, which will further develop the service. As a next step, triangulation of research methods with questionnaires could be used to evaluate whether this small sample of patients is characteristic of prostate patients in general.

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Hidayati, Alpha Olivia, and Ayu Wita Sari. "Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Minat Radiografer dalam Mengkonsumsi Gizi Seimbang di Era Pandemi COVID-19." Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Universitas Merdeka Malang 6, no. 3 (August 4, 2021): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v6i3.5351.

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The consumption of foods that contain balanced nutrition is one way to increase immunity, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this reason, it is necessary to raise awareness of the consumption of food with balanced nutrition for health workers, especially radiographers. One of the efforts that can be done is by providing education to increase radiographer knowledge and interest in consuming foods with balanced nutrition. This community service is in collaboration with IKMARA GUBAYO in the form of online counseling activities. Program evaluation is carried out quantitatively by calculating the frequency distribution of the knowledge level and interest before and after the activity. The results showed an increase in the level of participant’s knowledge about balanced nutrition by 25.45% and an interest in implementing balanced nutrition consumption by 89%. Participant’s knowledge of balanced nutrition increased by 27.4%, knowledge of fixed macronutrient sources, knowledge of vitamin sources increased by 27.4%, knowledge of the benefits of mineral substances increased by 27.2%, and knowledge of how to increase immunity increased by 18.7%. Providing education to radiographers online counseling can increase radiographer’s knowledge and interest in consuming balanced nutrition as an effort to increase immunity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Blyth, C. M., J. Anderson, W. Hughson, and A. Thomas. "An innovative approach to palliative care within a radiotherapy department." Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 2, no. 2 (June 2000): 85–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460396900000145.

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Palliative radiotherapy represents a substantial workload of a radiotherapy department. This paper provides an overview of a unique service designed to minimise the time between consent and delivery of radiotherapy for palliative patients. In common with other patient-focused care initiatives, this has been achieved by innovative and radically redesigned work practices. Through role development therapeutic radiographers can perform simple palliative treatments. Utilising dedicated equipment they cover all stages of the treatment process, from patient booking through to the end of treatment, providing seamless care for the patient and significant benefits for the department. Auditing the accuracy of simulator radiographs performed by radiographers alone tested the validity of providing simulation of palliative treatment without medical support. The results show 90% required no change with only 1% rejected due to radiographer misinterpretation. The remaining 9% required further information to be supplied by the medical staff. Evaluation of this service included patient and medical staff satisfaction surveys. The results of both were very positive with 100% of medical staff satisfied with the service and all patients rating the service from good to excellent. This project has more than achieved its targets.

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Björkman, Berit, Marie Golsäter, Rune J. Simeonson, and Karin Enskär. "Will it Hurt? Verbal Interaction between Child and Radiographer during Radiographic Examination." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 28, no. 6 (November 2013): e10-e18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2013.03.007.

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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.

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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.

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hughes, k. "the lower limb radiographs in accident and emergency departments: red dotting and pattern recognition – a survival guide." Journal of Diagnostic Radiography and Imaging 5, no. 3-4 (March 2005): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1460472805000027.

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the lower limb radiograph is an extremely common request with trauma and the practising radiographer requires familiarity with normal and abnormal appearances. normal variations in anatomy and the variable ossification centres often lead to some confusion. recognition of a haemarthrosis at the knee is clinically very useful and especially with tibial plateau fractures. suggestions for recognition of calcaneal fractures (boehler's angle) and midfoot/forefoot dislocations are illustrated.

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Hardy, Maryann, and Gary Culpan. "Accident and emergency radiography: A comparison of radiographer commenting and ‘red dotting’." Radiography 13, no. 1 (February 2007): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2005.09.009.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiographer'

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