Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic"
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Ekayultania, Vivin Nadine, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Panoramic and periapical radiographs utilization in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): narrative review." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 3 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i3.714.
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Objectives: The purpose of this narrative review is to discover radiographic images in panoramic and periapical radiographs that are used as identifiers and to compare the use of panoramic and periapical radiographs in identification based on DVI.
 Review: The databases used in this narrative review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1258 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic, then results are selected again based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 38 literatures were reviewed. This review shows radiographic identifiers used in panoramic radiographs are tooth restorations, crown, Root Canal Treatment (RCT), dental bridge, dental implants, maxillary sinus, rectilinear metal plate, orthodontic brackets, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. The radiographic identifiers used in periapical radiograph are tooth restorations, PSA, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. In this review, 53.8% of the literatures used panoramic radiograph for identification, whereas 46.2% used periapical radiograph.
 Conclusion: This review concluded that the most used radiographic identifier in panoramic radiograph is tooth restoration (57,1%) whereas in periapical radiograph is RCT (83,3%). Panoramic radiography were used in 53,8% of the literatures in this review, it was used more than periapical radiography.
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Gegler, Aderson, and Vania Fontanella. "Metodização da técnica triangular de rastreamento de curvaturas e perfurações radiculares." Revista da Faculdade de Odontologia de Porto Alegre 40, no. 1 (2021): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2177-0018.111047.
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In the diagnosis and exact localization of root curvatures and perforations the "three-angled technique of radiographic tracing" is employed and consists in three periapical radiographs . The aim of this study was to veriry if with technique's methodization it is possible to reduce the number of radiographic exposures in these diagnoses. Eight-four exlrated teeth were pelforated and radiographed. Two of three radiographs were given to three observers and, later, the third radiograph was supplied. The results have shown that the diagnosis given with two radiographs does not differ statistically from that with three.
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Foss, O. A., J. Klaksvik, P. Benum, and S. Anda. "Pelvic rotations: a pelvic phantom study." Acta Radiologica 48, no. 6 (2007): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701326941.
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Background: Radiographic measurements made on standard pelvic radiographs are commonly used in studying conditions related to the hip joints. Effects caused by variations in pelvic orientation may be a source of error in comparing measurements between sequential radiographs. Purpose: To define and characterize parameters able to measure rotational differences separately around two axes and altered radiographic focusing along two axes when sequential standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs are compared. Material and Methods: A pelvic phantom was constructed based on direct three-dimensional measurements of five defined landmarks in a pelvic model. Two ratios, the vertical and transversal rotation ratios, were defined using radiographs of the phantom. The phantom was radiographed in 33 different orientations and with 16 different radiographic focuses using a specially constructed tilt table. On each radiograph, measurements were made and the two rotation ratios were calculated using a measurement program. Results: Linear correlations between pelvic rotations around one axis and the corresponding rotation ratio were found with almost no influence of simultaneous rotation around the other axis. Also, linear correlations were found between altered radiographic focusing along one axis and the non-corresponding rotation ratio. Conclusion: Rotational differences around two axes or altered radiographic focusing along two axes can be measured independently. Effects caused by rotations cannot be distinguished from effects caused by altered radiographic focusing.
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Rini Hatma Rusli, Ira Sandi Tunny, Maritje S. J. Malisngorar, Akhmadi Akhmadi, and Yohannes Hursepunny. "Perbandingan Kualitas Citra Radiograf Kepala Menggunakan Grid dan Tanpa Grid pada Computed Radiografi." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2022): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v2i2.4176.
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One factor that plays an important role in the quality of radiodiagnostic examination results is radiographic contrast. When examining thick objects, radiographic contrast will decrease as a result of the large amount of scattered radiation originating from the object and reaching the film. To obtain optimal radiographic contrast on thick objects such as the head, it can be done in various ways, including using a grid. The grid is a tool that functions to absorb scattered radiation but can still transmit primary radiation. Examination of the head is done to get the head radiograph and to determine any abnormalities or diseases of the head. This examination was performed using the grid and without grid to compare the better results of radiographs. Radiographs results were obtained using processing film, Computed Radiography (CR). This research used descriptive study conducted at Hospital Tk. II Pelamonia Makassar on January 2020. Based on the results of the research which conducted for examination of the head using grid and without grid on CR cassette obtained that the result of radiograph examination of the head using a grid was better.
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Rini Hatma Rusli, Ira Sandi Tunny, Maritje S. J. Malisngorar, Akhmadi Akhmadi, and Yohannes Hursepunny. "Perbandingan Kualitas Citra Radiograf Kepala Menggunakan Grid dan Tanpa Grid pada Computed Radiografi." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (2022): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.57214/jusika.v6i1.524.
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One factor that plays an important role in the quality of radiodiagnostic examination results is radiographic contrast. When examining thick objects, radiographic contrast will decrease as a result of the large amount of scattered radiation originating from the object and reaching the film. To obtain optimal radiographic contrast on thick objects such as the head, it can be done in various ways, including using a grid. The grid is a tool that functions to absorb scattered radiation but can still transmit primary radiation. Examination of the head is done to get the head radiograph and to determine any abnormalities or diseases of the head. This examination was performed using the grid and without grid to compare the better results of radiographs. Radiographs results were obtained using processing film, Computed Radiography (CR). This research used descriptive study conducted at Hospital Tk. II Pelamonia Makassar on January 2020. Based on the results of the research which conducted for examination of the head using grid and without grid on CR cassette obtained that the result of radiograph examination of the head using a grid was better.
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Suh, Jae Wan, Sunghyun Kim, and Hyun-woo Park. "Clinical Significance of Lateral Ankle Radiograph after the Reduction of a Syndesmosis Injury." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00470.
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Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: To introduce reliable and newly developed radiographic measures based on a lateral ankle radiograph to assess a syndesmotic reduction after screw fixation and to compare with the radiographic measures based on the anteroposterior (AP) and mortise radiographs. Methods: The postoperative ankle radiographs of 34 ankle fracture cases after screw fixation for concurrent syndesmosis injury were reviewed. Two radiographic parameters were measured on each AP and mortise radiograph; tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) and tibiofibular overlap (TFO). Five radiographic parameters were measured on the true lateral radiographs; the anteroposterior tibiofibular (APTF) ratio, anterior tibiofibular ratio (ATFR), posterior tibiofibular ratio (PTFR), distances of intersection of the anterior fibular border and the tibial plafond to anterior cortex of the tibia (AA’), and the intersection of posterior fibular border and tibial plafond to the tip of the posterior malleolus (BB’). In addition, the distance (XP) between the fibular posterior margin (X) crossing tibial plafond or the posterior malleolus and posterior articular margin (P) of the tibial plafond was measured on the lateral view. Results: Using TFCS and TFO in the AP and mortise radiographs, malreductions of syndesmosis were estimated in 17 of 34 cases (50.0%). Using the introduced and developed radiographic measures in the lateral radiographs, syndesmotic malreductions were estimated in 16 out of 34 cases (47.1%). Seventeen cases (50.0%) showed no evidence of postoperative diastasis using the radiographic criteria on the AP and mortise view, 10 cases (58.8%) of whom showed evidence of a malreduction on the lateral radiograph. The newly developed measurements, XP, were measured 0 in 11 out of 34 cases (32.4%). Conclusion: The reduction of syndemosis after screw fixation can be accurately assessed intraoperatively with a combination of several reliable radiographic measurements of lateral radiograph and traditional radiographic measurements of AP and mortise radiograph. Using various radiographic parameters selectively, malreduction could be prevented even when some parameters are difficult to measure because of implants or when posterior malleolar fracture is accompanied.
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Prastanti, Agustina Dwi, Darmini Darmini, Siti Daryati, Gatot Murti Wibowo, and Kesita Grace Natalia Suan. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pelapis Kaset Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Infeksi pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 1, no. 1 (2025): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v1i1.12567.
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Background: Infection control in radiography is carried out by wrapping tapes and radiograph equipment using polyethylene plastic bags. Existing conditions in the hospital require at least 1 to 2 layers of plastic for each radiography in patients with a history of infectious diseases. The use of plastic causes the amount of infectious plastic waste to be increased. Therefore, an alternative is needed to use acrylic mica material that can be used repeatedly and is environmentally friendly as a replacement for plastic bags.Methods: This research design is a Research and Development (RnD) study with the ADDIE model which is carried out with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data collection method is carried out by observation, testing the function of the tool, and then the data is processed and analyzed by criticizing the results of radiographic image quality using ImageJ software.Results: Four sizes of precision radiographic cassette coating have been produced with four radiographic cassette sizes. The average decrease in the mean number is 1.07%.Conclusion: The radiograph quality from using acrylic mica cassette coatings in radiograph examinations can still produce good quality radiographs based on the results of histogram graph analysis which produces graphs that have a similar shape between those without using cassette coatings and those with cassette coatings.
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Tugnait, A., D. V. Clerehugh, and P. N. Hirschmann. "Survey of radiographic practices for periodontal disease in UK and Irish dental teaching hospitals." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 29, no. 6 (2000): 376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj/dmfr/4600561.
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OBJECTIVES To assess current radiographic practices in dental teaching hospitals for the management of patients with periodontal diseases. METHODS All 17 dental teaching hospitals in UK and Ireland were sent a questionnaire on radiographic equipment and radiograph selection currently used for assessment of patients with destructive periodontal diseases. Opinions were recorded for advantages and disadvantages of the most frequently used radiographic views. RESULTS A 100% response rate was achieved. All hospitals used panoramic and specific periapical radiographs as one of their radiographic regimes for patients with periodontal disease. Fifty-three per cent of respondents most frequently took panoramic and selected periapical radiographs. Twenty-four per cent took full mouth periapical radiographs (FMPAs) most frequently and 18% took a panoramic radiograph alone. Twenty-four per cent of hospitals operated a protocol for selection of radiographs for periodontal patients. CONCLUSIONS The most commonly used views taken to assess periodontal status are panoramic radiographs with selected periapicals. Few hospitals operate a protocol for prescribing radiographs.
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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.
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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.
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Kumar, K. V. Arun, V. R. Raghul, E. Pradeep, Haemanath Pandian, Aswin Vijay, and Mohideen Sheik. "Single Stance Radiography of the Knee Joint – A Novel Approach to Assess the Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 5 (2024): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4476.
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Introduction: Conventional radiography has always been cited as the gold standard for assessing the structural changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The purpose of the study was to compare the joint space width between both leg-standing and one-leg-standing radiographs in an assessment of the severity of OA of the knee. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with medial compartment OA were deployed for the study. Patients underwent both leg standing radiographs and one-leg standing radiograph on the affected leg. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification was used to assess the severity of OA using joint space width. Conclusion: The mean medial joint space width decreased from 3.26 mm in both legs of the standing radiograph to 1.98 mm in the one-leg standing radiograph. Patients on both leg standing radiographs appreciated an increase in grade during the single leg radiograph. Nearly 52% of patients with both leg standing radiographs have changed the KL grading to a more severe grade when undergone a single leg standing radiograph. One-leg standing radiograph was found to be a better representation of joint space width than both-leg standing radiographs. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, imaging, one-leg standing radiography, both leg standing radiography.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic"
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
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Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Hayre, Christopher Maverick. "Radiography observed : an ethnographic study exploring contemporary radiographic practice." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14517/.
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This study explores the day-to-day application of digital radiography (DR) within the X-ray environment. This study presents the voices of the radiographers' untold views, attitudes and experiences of DR through the process of observing, listening, retelling and interpreting junior and senior radiographers' responses. There were three stages to this ethnographic study. Firstly, exploring 'what radiographers did' environment by observing clinical practices. This provided 'first-hand' experience of action-in-process. Secondly, 22 semi-structured interviews were undertaken, directed by emerging themes and informal discussions from the clinical observations. Semi-structured interviews provided an understanding of the experiences, behaviours and attitudes of radiographers providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between practice and context. Thirdly, X-ray experiments were undertaken contributing to 'what had been seen and said by participants'. This data was later triangulated to support the research objectives outlined in this PhD research. Observation and interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and grouped into four overarching categories; learning, radiographer challenges, ionising radiation and patient care delivery. X-ray experimental data was inputted into SPSS and later coded. The qualitative data had numerous codes, which generated themes and could be linked in order to generate theoretical descriptions. Multiple-linear regression analysis and Pearson's Correlation provide statistically significant values (p < 0.001) for the experimental models contributing to 'what had been seen and said' by radiographers in the clinical environment. This thesis provides new insights into general radiographic practices using advancing technology. The conclusions that can be drawn from the empirical data is that advancing technology has impacted the day-to-day practices of diagnostic radiographers. Complex phenomena include; current knowledge and understanding, the practice of keeping doses 'as low as reasonably practicable' and impact on patient care delivery. These insights suggest that healthcare and academic environments may require additional support in the aim of delivering optimum patient care.
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Irvine, Michael Alan, and thebovus@yahoo com. "Image Quality and Radiation Dose Comparison of a Computed Radiography System and an Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel System in Paediatric Radiography: A Phantom Study." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091019.122013.
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This purpose of this work was to investigate the patient radiation doses and image quality of a Philips/Agfa computed radiographic (CR) system and a Philips indirect-capture digital radiographic (DR) system in a paediatric setting. A CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom was used to assess radiographic image quality. Perspex slabs of three different thicknesses (6, 11 and 16 cm) were used to simulate paediatric patients of three arbitrary ages. These phantoms, in conjunction with the CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom, were imaged under three different conditions. The CDRAD Analyser software package was used to assess the quality of each image. The first experiment conducted was a comparison of the two systems under standard conditions, with beam filtration of aluminium and copper, as recommended in European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Paediatrics (European Commission 1996b). Image quality was compared for each phantom size at three doses with the same entrance exposure used for both systems. A visual comparison of the resulting contrast detail curves showed the DR system generally outperformed the CR system, especially at the lowest two doses. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected generally confirmed this visual impression. The second experiment performed was to compare the two systems under the conditions used in routine clinical practice at PMH. As a result of additional beam filtration not generally being employed, the image quality of the CR system was similar to the DR system for the two smaller phantom sizes but with a major dose cost - effective doses higher by between 38% and 100%. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected showed the CR system to be significantly better than the DR system at two of three doses for the thinnest phantom and no significant difference at any doses for the intermediate phantom size. For the largest phantom size, additional filtration - although different - was used for the CR and DR systems and so the X-ray beam spectra were more similar. Consequently, the results for this phantom size reflected those from the experiment conducted under standard conditions, ie the effective doses for both systems were similar and the image quality of the DR system superior. The chi-square analysis s howed the DR system to be significantly better than the CR at all three dose levels. A third experiment was undertaken to compare doses between the two systems at 'equal' image quality. The CDRAD Analyser software specific image quality parameter, IQFinv, was held constant for both systems. The entrance exposures required to achieve this image quality were measured and then converted to effective doses using the dose calculation software package PCXMC 1.5. The DR system offered effective dose savings of between 28 and 42% for the three phantom sizes. Overall, this work suggests that a Philips flat-panel system is superior to an Agfa CR system in paediatric radiography. This result generally reflects the findings of other authors who have conducted similar studies in adult patient settings.
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Enright, Michael Thomas. "A radiographic exposure system." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1994.
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Polinsky, Adam S. "Evaluation and Comparison of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films and Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5767.
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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.
Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. McNemar’s chi-squared test was used to determine agreement in the proportion of lesions that were absent (0x0) between the PA and corresponding view of CBCT. This data was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predicative value (NPV).
Results: A total of 51 patients with a median healing time of 13 months were included in the analysis. Significant healing was observed on both PA and CBCT images (p-value
Conclusion: Assessment using CBCT revealed a lower healing rate for all treatment categories compared with periapical radiographs. CBCT was more likely to detect the presence of a PARL, whereas a periapical radiograph would be less sensitive to detection of a PARL. Significant healing cannot be detected at an earlier point in time with PA radiographs or CBCT.
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Pascoal, Ana Isabel Lourenco. "Optimisation of image quality and patient dose for chest radiography with digital radiographic systems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438195.
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Haith, Misty Isanna. "Radiographic imaging of subsea pipelines." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/45436.
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Subsea pipelines are increasingly being used both around offshore drilling facilities and for long distance oil and gas transport. Accidents can have devastating environmental and economic impact, amplifying the need for accurate, reliable detection and characterisation of pipeline defects. Inspection of these pipelines for corrosion and other defects is crucial for safe operation. Radiography holds a significant advantage over many other inspection methods in that it does not require surface preparation or insulation removal. Subsea pipeline radiography is a relatively new technique, and underwater conditions are not covered by radiographic standards. Water can have a significant impact on a radiographic image and access is very difficult, meaning standardised above-water methods may not be applicable. This is particularly the case for defect characterisation; standard methods often call for calibration objects to be included in the setup, which can be a very complex operation in subsea conditions. There is also a lack of experimental data for research, due to the difficulty and high costs associated with subsea radiography. Simulation is one of the key ways of assessing inspection problems, however radiographic simulation models have not been validated for subsea inspections. This thesis addresses the two problems of accurate subsea simulation and alternative defect characterisation methods. Firstly the accuracy of a radiographic simulation model applied to subsea pipeline inspections is investigated. Experimental measurements of a sample in a water tank are used to adjust the simulation, with the aim of matching image quality parameters - such as signal-to-noise ratio and contrast. The simulation has been partially matched to experiment, with some differences found in contrast-to-noise ratio. Possible causes of the differences are analysed, with the most likely cause found to be detector backscatter and additional scatter from out-of-setup objects within the experimental exposure bay. The simulation model is then used to provide data for development and testing of a defect characterisation method. The method relies on knowledge of the setup geometry and use of multiple images, and does not require calibration objects to be included in the setup. It is specifically aimed at use in situations where access is difficult such as in subsea pipeline inspections. The method is tested on simulated and experimental flat bottomed hole defects and simulated corrosion patch defects. Results demonstrate a good, consistent ability to calculate lateral and axial defect dimensions. Defect thickness calculations are more difficult and as such errors are more significant. However, errors in thickness are due to overestimation, meaning the calculation could be used to place a maximum limit on potential defect size rather than as an actual estimate of the thickness.
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Abhishek, Abhishek. "Chondrocalcinosis : risk factors and radiographic phenotype." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12926/.
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Objectives: The objectives of this study were to a) examine the distribution of chondrocalcinosis (CC), b) determine the risk factors of CC, and c) examine the radiographic phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) associated with CC. Methods: Data from the Genetics of Osteoarthritis and Lifestyle (GOAL) study were used to describe the radiographic distribution of CC, and to conduct a case-control study in which cases with CC were compared with controls without CC. All participants had already completed a detailed questionnaire, been examined by a research metrologist, had radiographs of knees, hands, and pelvis, and had given urine and blood samples. All radiographs had been scored for structural radiographic changes of OA, and for the presence of CC. Frontal plane knee alignment was measured on all knee radiographs. The prevalence (95% confidence interval (CI)) of CC was calculated. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were calculated for risk factors of CC, and for structural changes associated with CC in joints with OA. This was adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and OA as appropriate, using logistic regression. Results: 3170 participants were included in this study. There were 431 cases with CC. The overall prevalence (95%CI) of CC in the GOAL population was 13.7% (12.5% - 14.9%). In the GOAL population, knee was the commonest site of CC. However, 42% of participants with CC did not have any knee involvement. There was evidence for a generalized predisposition to CC. For example, CC at one joint associated with CC at distant joints. Joints with CC clustered together more than would be expected by chance alone. At knees, wrists and hips, bilateral CC was more likely to associate with CC at distant joints than unilateral CC – also supporting the existence of a systemic predisposition to CC. After adjusting for confounding factors, there was an association between CC and increasing age, lower current BMI, and OA. The association between OA at one joint and CC at the same joint was present for all joints except for the hip. There was no association between CC and gender, diuretic intake, and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms in enzymes involved in pyrophosphate (PPi) metabolism. CC associated with peri-articular calcification, vascular calcification, low cortical bone mineral density (BMD) but not with low cancellous BMD. Self-reported arthroscopy, meniscectomy, knee injury, occupational knee joint loading and knee mal-alignment in the 3rd decade of life associated with knee CC. However, after adjusting for confounding factors including OA, there was no association between either self-reported or radiographically assessed current knee mal-alignment and knee CC. In joints with OA, the additional presence of CC at the same joint associated with a different radiographic phenotype of structural arthropathy. For example, in knees with OA, knee CC associated with attrition. In hips with OA, hip CC associated negatively with osteophytes, joint space narrowing, and sclerosis at the right hip but not at the left. Similarly, in wrists with OA, wrist CC associated with sclerosis in the right but not in the left wrist; in scapho-trapezioid joints (STJs) with OA wrist CC associated with sclerosis on both sides; in metacarpophalangeal joints with OA, wrist CC associated with cysts in the right but not in the left hand; and in 1st carpometacarpal joint with OA, wrist CC associated with cysts in the left but not in the right hand. In knees with OA, the additional presence of CC at distant joints associated with knee attrition. Those with knee CC + OA were excluded from this analysis to remove any local effects of CC. CC at distant joints did not associate with a distinct structural OA phenotype in other joints examined. Conclusion: These findings suggest that CC results form a systemic predisposition, and that it commonly occurs at other joints in the absence of knee involvement. Established risk factors of CC such as age, OA, and previous arthroscopy and/or meniscectomy were validated in this study. Several novel risk factors of CC e.g. low current BMI, low cortical BMD, and vascular calcification were identified. Several novel associations of knee CC i.e. early life knee malalignment, self-reported knee injury, and occupational knee loading were also recognised. There was convincing evidence to suggest that in joints with OA, the additional presence of CC modifies the OA phenotype, and that this varies from joint to joint.
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Friedrich-Nel, Hesta. "Assessment innovation in Radiographic Pathology II." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 3, Issue 2: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/478.
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Published Article<br>Innovation in teaching and learning compel facilitators to explore creative possibilities in teaching and learning. Consequently innovative assessment has replaced traditional assessment methods in the Radiographic Pathology II module. The use of an appropriate variety of assessment methods or approaches is crucial to enhance and support learning and measure performance. Thus assessment has to change from knowledge acquisition and factual recall to assess more embracing and critical learning outcomes such as problem-solving, communication, attitudes, critical thinking, professionalism and ethics. Moreover, assessment has to impact positively on learning, promote deep learning and correspond with the learning outcomes of the module. Addressing these demands in assessment, this paper presents practical examples of assessment innovation during 2004 in the Radiographic Pathology II module.
Books on the topic "Radiographic"
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Warren, Helen Marie. Optimisation of radiographic techniques for chest radiography. University of Birmingham, 1999.
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Phil, Harris, POSTRAD, and Wigan Foundation for Technical Education., eds. Radiographic technique. POSTRAD, 1986.
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Carol, Oley, Anderson Dorothy, Challen Val, POSTRAD, and Wigan Foundation for Technical Education., eds. Radiographic technique. POSTRAD, 1986.
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Val, Challen, Harris Phil, Manning David, POSTRAD, and Wigan Foundation for Technical Education., eds. Radiographic technique. POSTRAD, 1985.
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A, Dennis Cynthia, and May Chris R, eds. Radiographic positioning. 2nd ed. Little, Brown, 1995.
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F, Simpson Jean, ed. Breast specimen radiography: Needle localization and radiographic pathologic correlation. Lippincott-Raven, 1998.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radiographic"
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Kusuhara, T., and M. Fukuda. "Radiographic Examination." In Gastric Anisakiasis in Japan. Springer Japan, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68290-5_10.
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Meadows, Alison K. "Radiographic Techniques." In Pediatric Cardiovascular Medicine. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444398786.ch9.
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Seidl, G. "Radiographic Features." In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71642-3_16.
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Palmer, Lane S. "Radiographic Imaging." In Pediatric Urology. Humana Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-420-3_2.
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Domanus, J. C., and H. P. Leeflang. "Radiographic Techniques." In Practical Neutron Radiography. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1296-1_11.
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Strobel, Michael, and Hans-Werner Stedtfeld. "Radiographic Examination." In Diagnostic Evaluation of the Knee. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-74397-9_6.
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Dowdell, Lois, and D. M. Wilmot. "Radiographic Tomography." In Pediatric Imaging for the Technologist. Springer New York, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4690-9_8.
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Friedman, Paul J. "Radiographic Correlations." In Pulmonary Pathology. Springer New York, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3932-9_32.
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Kang, Heung Sik, Joong Mo Ahn, and Yusuhn Kang. "Radiographic Findings." In Oncologic Imaging: Bone Tumors. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-287-703-1_10.
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Kocova, Eva. "Radiographic Anatomy." In HRCT in Interstitial Lung Disease. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16315-0_4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Radiographic"
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Alvarez, Jacqueline, Roummel F. Marcia, Keith Henderson, Maurice Aufderheide, Brian Gallagher, and Ming Jiang. "Overcoming Data Sparsity to Enable Deep Learning for Radiographic Non-Destructive Testing." In ASNT Research Symposium 2024. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2024.003.
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Radiography is an imaging technique used in various applications, such as medical diagnosis and airport security. We present a deep learning approach for extracting information from radiographic image data. We perform various prediction tasks using our approach, including material classification and regression on the dimensions of a given object that is being radiographed. Our framework is designed to fine-tune a pre-trained convolutional neural network using different datasets simulated by HADES, which is a radiographic simulation code. Moreover, we apply this framework to different types of radiographs including x-ray and neutron imaging.
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May, Cecil G., Lawrence F. Gelder, and Boyd D. Howard. "The Use of Digital Radiography in the Evaluation of Radioactive Materials Packaging Performance Testing." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26590.
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New designs of radioactive material shipping packages are required to be evaluated in accordance with 10 CFR Part 71, Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material. This paper will discuss the use of digital radiography to evaluate the effects of the tests required by 10 CFR 71.71, Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT), and 10 CFR 71.73, Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC). One acceptable means of evaluating packaging performance is to subject packagings to the series of NCT and HAC tests. The evaluation includes a determination of the effect on the packaging by the conditions and tests. Historically, that determination has required that packagings be cut and sectioned to learn the actual effects on internal components, either after each test to document the effects of that test, or after all testing is complete which determines the cumulative effect on the package. Digital radiography permits the examination of internal packaging components without sectioning a package. This allows a single package to be subjected to the entire series of tests. After each test, the package is digitally radiographed and the effects of particular tests evaluated. Radiography reduces the number of packages required for testing and also reduces labor and materials required to section and evaluate numerous packages. This paper will include a description of the digital radiography equipment used in the testing and evaluation of the 9977 package at SRNL. The equipment is capable of making a single radiograph of a full-sized package in one exposure. Radiographs will be compared to sectioned packages that show actual conditions compared to radiographic images.
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Savoie, Charles, and Darryl Rivest. "Advanced Radiographic Scanning, Enhancement and Electronic Data Storage." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27174.
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It is a well-known fact that radiographs deteriorate with time. Substantial cost is attributed to cataloguing and storage. To eliminate deterioration issues and save time retrieving radiographs, laser scanning techniques were developed in conjunction with viewing and enhancement software. This will allow radiographs to be successfully scanned and stored electronically for future reference. Today’s radiographic laser scanners are capable of capturing images with an optical density of up to 4.1 at 256 grey levels and resolutions up to 4096 pixels per line. An industrial software interface was developed for the non-destructive testing industry so that certain parameters such as scan resolution, number of scans, file format and location to be saved could be adjusted as needed. Once the radiographs have been scanned, the tiff images are stored, or retrieved into Radiance software (developed by Rivest Technologies Inc.), which will help to properly interpret the radiographs. Radiance was developed to allow the user to quickly view the radiograph’s correctness or enhance its defects for comparison and future evaluation. Radiance also allows the user to zoom, measure and annotate areas of interest. Physical cost associated with cataloguing, storing and retrieving radiographs can be eliminated. You can now successfully retrieve and view your radiographs from CD media or dedicated hard drive at will. For continuous searches and/or field access, dedicated hard drives controlled by a server would be the media of choice. All scanned radiographs will be archived to CD media (CD-R). Laser scanning with a proper acquisition interface and easy to use viewing software will permit a qualified user to identify areas of interest and share this information with his/her colleagues via e-mail or web data access.
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Poland, Richard W., David M. Immel, and Boyd D. Howard. "Digital Radiography vs Conventional Radiography: Is Digital Radiography in Compliance With the Code?" In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1627.
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Savannah River Technology Center filmless radiographic imaging system specialists have been “champions” of filmless radiographic imaging at the Savannah River Site since 1993. Recently a study was done comparing the differences between conventional film radiography and lens-coupled, charge-coupled-device digital radiography. Characteristics of both imaging methods that were considered in the study included resolution, latitude (called dynamic range by digital radiography imaging specialists), and modulation transfer functions. The results of those comparative experiments will be presented. A description of the lens-coupled, digital radiography imaging system will be provided.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29702.
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Digital radiography is getting one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries now. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components radiographic testing, one big issue is how we can evaluate and ensure that the taken images have enough image qualities to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that taken films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. So in this paper, new alternative IQI that developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality are tested and evaluated. In addition, image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images taken with the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Fister, Matthew, Christian Spencer-Coker, Kevin Fehlmann, and Dusan Spernjak. "Sequentially-Coupled Hydrodynamic and Structural Analysis of Radiographic Windows in Blast Confinement Vessels for Proton Radiography of Physics Experiments." In ASME 2023 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2023-105247.
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Abstract Characterization of shock-driven materials via radiography is critical to the success of Los Alamos National Laboratory’s (LANL) mission. Radiographic experiments with both hazardous material and high explosives (HE) require a two-part pressure vessel containment system (PVCS) composed of an inner pressure confinement vessel (IPCV) and an outer pressure containment vessel (OPCV). A new PVCS developed for LANL’s Proton Radiography facility (pRad) will enable a suite of experiments with up to 1.06 ounces (30 grams) TNT-equivalent HE. The critical component of the IPCV is the beryllium radiographic window, which must withstand the blast pressures from the HE while minimizing radiographic blur. Because the amount of HE used in the suite of experiments will vary, the IPCV is designed to be modular, such that for each experiment a new radiographic window may be optimized and installed into the IPCV. Each radiographic window design must undergo an HE over-pressure test (OPT) per ASME specifications for impulsively-loaded pressure vessels. To optimize each window’s structural performance and radiographic blur, and to establish confidence that the window will survive the OPT, a sequentially-coupled hydrodynamic and structural analysis workflow has been automated, facilitating design-by-analysis starting at initial concept development and extending through pre-test predictions for qualification tests of a component under extreme environments.
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Mohammadi, Farid Ghareh, and Ronnie Sebro. "Steganalysis of Medical Radiographs for Radiographic Machine Identification." In 2023 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci62032.2023.00194.
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Liu, Xin, and Venkatesh Sridhar. "Rapid Scatter Correction for Radiographic Imaging Based on Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation." In ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2023.078.
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In radiographic imaging, such as X-ray radiography and computed tomography, scattered photons reduce image contrast and introduce artifacts into the reconstructed images. In cone-beam radiography and tomography, where the coverage of the X-ray beam and the area of the detector are significantly larger than those in fan-beam radiography, X-ray photon scatter is one of the major sources of image quality degradation. Here, we present a scatter correction method based on the linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE). A software, named LAB-DOCTORS, which solves the LBTE based on the discrete ordinates method has been developed using GPU parallel computing techniques. Unlike stochastic methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation), LAB-DOCTORS estimates the first and multi order scatter deterministically. The accuracy of the scatter estimation by LAB-DOCTORS is comparable to that of Monte Carlo simulations. The primary benefit of this method lies in its rapid computation speed with ordinary computing resources, which could be used to improve radiographic image quality in a timely fashion.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25264.
Full textAbstract:
Digital radiography is becoming one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components, one big issue is how to evaluate the images and ensure that the images have enough quality to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that the films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. In this paper, new alternative IQI that was developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality is tested and evaluated. In addition, new image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images of the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Simpson, R. A., G. J. Williams, G. G. Scott, D. A. Mariscal, and T. Ma. "Development of a proton radiography source using the world’s most energetic short pulse laser at the National Ignition Facility." In Digital Holography and Three-Dimensional Imaging. Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/dh.2023.htu3d.2.
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Proton radiography is an innovative approach in high-energy-density (HED) science to measure and diagnose density variations as well as magnetic and electric fields in plasmas. This work details the development of a proton radiography platform on the National Ignition Facility using the Advanced Radiographic Capability laser (NIF-ARC).
Reports on the topic "Radiographic"
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Light. L51572 Demonstration of Realtime Radiography on Pipeline Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011315.
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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive testing (NDT) method used for many years to either accept or reject a field weld in the pipeline industry. However, conventional radiography requires the expense of film, developing chemicals, and manpower for film development. It also normally has a delay of 2 hours or more between when the weld was radiographed and when the radiographic film of the weld is available for interpretation. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing, called real-time radiography, has been used in several different types of field inspection operations. The real-time radiography system forms the image with optical imaging in lieu of photographic film. The objectives of this project were to (1) Integrate various optimized real-time radiographic components (identified as a result of the previous project) into a field-usable, real-time-radiographic inspection (RTRI) system for single-wall inspection of pipeline girth welds and (2) Demonstrate the system in the field.
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Light. L51504 Investigation of Real-Time Radiographic Methods for Use in Pipeline Weld Inspection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010599.
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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive examination (NDT) method used for many years to either "accept" or "reject" a field weld in the pipeline industry. The cost of conventional radiography, however, increasingly has become a major concern in the cost effectiveness of laying new pipelines. The contributing factors to the high cost of conventional radiography are the costs of film and of the chemicals and manpower used to develop the film. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing has been perfected. Called "real-time radiography," it uses radiographic sources with an optical imaging system. It has been developed now to the point that the sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of these imaging systems can be used to detect variations in material density equivalent to defects of interest in pipeline welds. The first objective of Phase 1 was to investigate existing real-time radiographic systems and system components in terms of their application to inspection of field-produced girth welds in steel pipelines. The second objective was to recommend a real-time system (either existing as a whole unit or comprised of several key subsystems) to be used for a field demonstration during Phase 2 of the program. The incentive, or goal, for this two-phase program is to introduce real-time radiography to the pipeline industry as a faster and overall more cost effective alternative NDE method compared to conventional film radiography. In addition, real-time radiography would provide a means to interpret the condition of a weld soon after completion while the welding team is still in the near vicinity of the inspected weld. This would permit immediate repair, if necessary, which would greatly reduce cost.
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Tucker. L51728 Feasibility of a Pipeline Field Weld Real-Time Radiography (Radioscopy) Inspection System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010117.
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Inspection of pipeline field girth welds during pipeline construction is accomplished by film radiographic: methods. Film radiography of materials is a 70 year old technology. There have been many advances in that 70 year history in equipment and films, but the process of making the radiograph is essentially the same. The film radiography process is time-consuming, costly, environmentally impacting and very operator (inspector) dependent. There are recent and almost daily advances in technologies using x-ray imaging other than film. Double-jointed pipe welds at pipe mills and at double-joint operations have been inspected with stationary real-time radioscopic systems for many years. This electronic imaging technology, known as "�radioscopy"�, has the potential to significantly improve pipeline project schedules and cost by eliminating some of the shortcomings of film radiography. Radioscopy is currently accepted for use by many nationally accepted standards including API-SL, Specification for Line Pipe, and API-1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Most of the real-time systems in use today are fixed installations in pipe mills, foundries or fabrication shops. The ability to produce the required image sensitivity with real-time has been established by these fixed installations. These systems have proven to be very cost effective. In the course of conducting this study, QCC attended several conferences, including the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Conference in Boston, contacted several hundred potential vendors of radioscopic and radiographic equipment, witnessed demonstrations on existing radioscopic imaging systems and conducted several breadboard system demonstrations. The enclosed exhibit section contains a list of vendors that have products applicable to a radioscopic system.
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Wang, Zhehui. Radiographic Imaging and Tomography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1844121.
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Nicholson, Andrew, Paul Hausladen, Stuart Baker, et al. Workshop on Radiographic Imaging and Applications Research and Development Recommendations for Field Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2434387.
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Timothy J. Roney and Karen M. Wendt. Radiographic Inspection of Fueled Clads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/910993.
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Warthen, Barry J. DARHT Radiographic Grid Scale Correction. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1170264.
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Klasky, Marc, Balasubramanya Nadiga, Jennifer Disterhaupt, et al. Hydrodynamic and Radiographic Toolbox (HART). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632670.
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Mendez, Jacob. Radiographic Detectors for DARHT and ECSE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1492623.
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Morris, R. A., and T. Chancellor. Algorithm for dual-energy radiographic analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103845.
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