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Sukanya, Arockia, Kamalanand Krishnamurthy, and Thayumanavan Balakrishnan. "Comparison of Preprocessing Techniques for Dental Image Analysis." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 7 (2020): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666191115101536.
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Various dental disorders, such as lesions, masses, carries, etc. may affect the human dental structure. Dental radiography is a technique, which passes X-rays through dental structures and records the radiographic images. These radiographic images are used to analyze the disorders present in the human teeth. Preprocessing is a primary step to enhance the radiographic images for further segmentation and classification of images. In this work, the preprocessing techniques such as unsharp masking using high pass filter, bi-level histogram equalization and hybrid metaheuristic have been utilized for dental radiographs. The performance measures of the preprocessing techniques were analyzed. Results demonstrate that a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for dental radiographs achieves higher performance measures when compared to other enhancement methods. An average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) value of 21.6 was observed in the case of a hybrid metaheuristic technique for dental image enhancement.
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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.
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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.
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Oliver, Richard G. "Cephalometric Analysis Comparing Five Different Methods." British Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 4 (1991): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/bjo.18.4.277.
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A commonly used cephalometric analysis was performed repeatedly on five lateral cephalometric radiographs using a variety of methods, and the angular values obtained compared. Two computerized methods, one utilizing direct digitization of the radiograph and the other digitizing an enhanced video image of the radiograph, were compared with each other and also against the traditional manual method of tracing. In addition, a single manual tracing of each of the radiographs was digitized using each computer method. It was found that direct digitization is less precise than both the traditional method and digitization of a tracing. The facility to enhance the radiographic image using video techniques did not produce any significant improvement in precision of the cephalometric variables studied.
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Sriwahyuni, Sriwahyuni. "The PENGARUH TEGANGAN TABUNG (KV) TERHADAP KUALITAS CITRA RADIOGRAFI PESAWAT SINAR-X DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY (DR) PADA PHANTOM ABDOMEN." SPEKTRA: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 2, no. 2 (2017): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.022.04.
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The measurement of image quality of Digital Radiography (DR) with using the abdomen phantom. Image take with low kV to high kV for 10 times exposure. Image processing is done using the image application. The resulting radiograph image is analyzed by FFT analysis, Histogram and Gaussian Filter. In the FFT analysis the radiographic image tends to differ according to the tube voltage variation of 40 kV to 85 kV. In the radiographic image histogram analysis, including the imperfect image category because the distribution of pixel distribution is not yet complete in the gray scale area for all exposure variations. In the analysis using Gaussian filters the resulting radiographic image tends to be the same so that although using low kV and high kV the image will be the same. The use of Gaussian filters can help reduce the use of high kV on abdominal examination and reduce exposure to radiation dose.
 Keywords: Digital Radiography, Image Quality, Fourier Transform Filter, Gaussian Filter, Histogram.
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Rees, Chris A., Sudha Basnet, Angela Gentile, et al. "An analysis of clinical predictive values for radiographic pneumonia in children." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 8 (2020): e002708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002708.
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IntroductionHealthcare providers in resource-limited settings rely on the presence of tachypnoea and chest indrawing to establish a diagnosis of pneumonia in children. We aimed to determine the test characteristics of commonly assessed signs and symptoms for the radiographic diagnosis of pneumonia in children 0–59 months of age.MethodsWe conducted an analysis using patient-level pooled data from 41 shared datasets of paediatric pneumonia. We included hospital-based studies in which >80% of children had chest radiography performed. Primary endpoint pneumonia (presence of dense opacity occupying a portion or entire lobe of the lung or presence of pleural effusion on chest radiograph) was used as the reference criterion radiographic standard. We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios for clinical findings, and combinations of findings, for the diagnosis of primary endpoint pneumonia among children 0–59 months of age.ResultsTen studies met inclusion criteria comprising 15 029 children; 24.9% (n=3743) had radiographic pneumonia. The presence of age-based tachypnoea demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.92 and a specificity of 0.22 while lower chest indrawing revealed a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.15 for the diagnosis of radiographic pneumonia. The sensitivity and specificity for oxygen saturation <90% was 0.40 and 0.67, respectively, and was 0.17 and 0.88 for oxygen saturation <85%. Specificity was improved when individual clinical factors such as tachypnoea, fever and hypoxaemia were combined, however, the sensitivity was lower.ConclusionsNo single sign or symptom was strongly associated with radiographic primary end point pneumonia in children. Performance characteristics were improved by combining individual signs and symptoms.
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Borchard, Justine, Wilshaw Stevens, Matthew Siebert, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Talar Dome Morphology." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2020): 2473011420S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00141.
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Category: Ankle; Other Introduction/Purpose: A flat-top talar dome deformity can alter ankle mechanics and impact daily activities. Radiographic determination of flatness is difficult using traditional measures. The purpose of this study is to describe a new method to quantify the talar dome morphology using lateral radiographs and a custom-written image processing algorithm. Methods: Skeletally mature patients previously treated for idiopathic clubfeet were identified from our institution’s clubfoot registry. All patients had weight-bearing lateral foot radiographs. Measurements included radius of curvature (ROC) of the talar dome and tibial plafond, talar length and height, and alpha angle. The ratio of the radii of the talar dome and tibial plafond (TD/TP Ratio) was determined. Custom-written, image processing MATLAB code was used to identify the talus from the lateral radiograph. Following manual identification of the articular surface, the average slope of the anterior, central, and posterior regions of the talar dome were calculated. Talar dome flatness was determined as the slope variance across all three regions. Higher variance indicated a rounder talar dome morphology, lower variance indicated a flatter dome. Inter-rater reliability of radiographic measures and the MATLAB based talar dome flatness were determined. Spearman’s rho was used to determine correlations between radiographic and MATLAB flatness measures. Results: For radiographic measures, the Inter-rater reliability (IRR) was determined for 52 feet. IRR was near perfect for the ROC of the talar dome (ICC=.985), talar length (ICC=.952), and alpha angle (ICC=.928). Measurement of the radius of the tibial plafond (ICC=.827) and talar height (ICC=.893) were reproduced with excellent reliability. The IRR of the TD/TP ratio was moderate (ICC=.608). Preliminary IRR for the MATLAB-based talar dome flatness (15 feet) was excellent (ICC=0.895). Flatness was strongly correlated with ROC of the talar dome (r=.621, p=.013), alpha angle (r=.557, p=.031) and TD/TP Ratio (r=-.589, p=.021). Conclusion: Flatness of the talar dome can be difficult to describe, as there lacks a single measure to accurately define its morphology. The method developed in this study was quick to apply (less than 5 to 10 minutes per foot) and had high inter-rater reliability.
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Farook, Fathima Fazrina, Bothinah Alnasyan, Duaa Almohammadi, et al. "Reliability Assessment of the Clinical and Radiographic Diagnosis of Furcation Involvement." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010403.
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Aim: The aim of the present study was to compare and assess the relationship and agreement between the clinical and radiographic detection of Furcation Involvement (FI) in the mandibular molars of patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The sample size included 360 molars from 283 participants with a total of 180 molars involved with furcation clinically and 180 without. The inclusion criteria involved records of patients in the age range 35-76 years, diagnosed with generalized periodontitis, Stage II to IV, Grade B and C, and existing periapical radiographs/dental panoramic radiographs. The periodontal charts (Hamp’s classification) and radiographs were used to evaluate furcation on the buccal and lingual sites of first and second mandibular molars. Results: Of the 360 molars, half of the molars (50%, n=180) had clinical FI. Of the clinical FI group, the majority (73%, n=131) demonstrated FI in the radiological assessment with the periapical radiographs. In the not-clinically detected FI group, just less than half (49%, n=89) demonstrated FI in the radiological assessment. The sensitivity of the radiographic detection of FI as a diagnostic marker was 50.6%, and the specificity was 72.8%. Of the 180 sites analyzed with FI clinically, a slight agreement was found between the clinical assessment and radiographic findings using the kappa analysis (k=0.18). The first mandibular molars showed a fair agreement (k= 0.21) compared to the second mandibular molars (k=0.15). In terms of the individual sites, the lingual sites (k=0.24) had a fair agreement compared to the buccal sites with a slight agreement. The Spearman Correlation analysis for the first mandibular molar showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.4, p<0.001) compared to the second mandibular molar with no or negligible relationship (r=0.19, p<0.001). Comparatively, the DPT radiograph showed a weak correlation and poor agreement. Conclusion: Both diagnostic tools, intraoral radiography and clinical assessment should be used for diagnosing FI in mandibular molars.
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Tarver, Robert D. "CHEST RADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS." Chest 98, no. 3 (1990): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-3692(16)32149-3.
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Newton-Hughes, Ann, and Julie Nightingale. "Radiographic Image Analysis." Radiography 17, no. 3 (2011): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2010.12.006.
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Matthews, John F. "Chest Radiographic Analysis." Radiology 175, no. 3 (1990): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.175.3.720.
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Ghasi, Rohini Gupta. "Decoding neonatal chest radiographic patterns of disease: retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 1 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20185096.
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Background: To evaluate chest radiographic patterns in neonatal respiratory distress using a predesigned performa and algorithm and to correlate results with the clinical diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective review was done of bedside chest radiographs acquired over a month for respiratory distress from the neonatal intensive care unit. The radiographs were systematically evaluated according to a predesigned performa and algorithm. A presumptive radiographic diagnosis was assigned to each patient based on the combination of radiographic features. Radiographic diagnosis was compared with the clinical diagnosis. The most important diagnostic features were outlined.Results: The radiographic diagnosis correlated with clinical diagnosis in 93.3% of cases. Most common radiographic feature was pulmonary air space opacity (n=21). Air space opacity without any mediastinal shift in absence of any compensatory factors was a reliable diagnostic feature for pneumonic consolidation, which was the most common diagnosis (n=10). Bilateral granular lung fields were a specific indicator of respiratory distress syndrome. Flattening of domes of diaphragm was the most frequent feature for hyperinflation. Bilateral hyperinflation could be accurately used to diagnose bronchiolitis in all but one case (n=4/5). Pleural complications were accurately diagnosed.Conclusions: Systematic evaluation of neonatal chest radiographic patterns of disease has a high diagnostic accuracy.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.
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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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Yuan, Xunhua, Jordan S. Broberg, Douglas DR Naudie, David W. Holdsworth, and Matthew G. Teeter. "Radiostereometric analysis using clinical radiographic views: Validation with model-based radiostereometric analysis for the knee." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 8 (2018): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918785662.
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Radiostereometric analysis is a sophisticated radiographic technique with high measurement accuracy. In order to improve the accessibility of radiostereometric analysis for clinical use, a modified radiostereometric analysis procedure has been previously proposed that enables clinical radiographic views to be used for radiostereometric analysis. It has been successfully validated for its application to the hip wear study with the conventional bead–based radiostereometric analysis environment using computed radiography. In this study, we describe the implementation and validation of this technique for the knee study with the model-based radiostereometric analysis environment using digital radiography. A knee-joint phantom with 6 degrees of freedom was examined, and the bias and repeatability/reproducibility of the modified radiostereometric analysis approach were investigated following the newly updated ASTM recommendations. The bias parameters (mean ± 95% confidence interval) ranged from 0.008 ± 0.003 mm to 0.027 ± 0.006 mm for translation and from 0.014° ± 0.007° to 0.040° ± 0.020° for rotation. The repeatability standard deviation ranged from 0.004 to 0.020 mm for translation and from 0.005° to 0.015° for rotation. The 95% repeatability limit ranged from 0.011 to 0.055 mm for translation and from 0.014° to 0.041° for rotation. The reproducibility standard deviation ranged from 0.004 to 0.023 mm for translation and from 0.006° to 0.040° for rotation. The 95% reproducibility limit ranged from 0.012 to 0.063 mm for translation and from 0.016° to 0.112° for rotation. The modified procedure allows routine clinical radiographs to be used for radiostereometric analysis, which provides the possibility of adding quantitative measurements to current patient registries.
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Johnson, Kryssa L., Erin G. Porter, and Clifford R. Berry. "Analysis of feline splenic radiographic measurements and their correlation to ultrasonographic measurements." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 19, no. 10 (2016): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x16667440.
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Objectives The purpose of this study was to establish a method for feline splenic measurement on abdominal radiographs and evaluate for correlation between the radiographic measurements and ultrasonographic measurements. Methods One hundred cats with normal abdominal radiographs and ultrasound (US) studies of the spleen were evaluated. The hypothesis was that the measurement of the spleen on the radiographs would correlate with the measurement of the spleen on US. The radiographic and ultrasonographic measurements were tabulated and compared using linear regression and t-tests using unequal variances. Results The measurement of the spleen on the ventrodorsal projection was characterized as one of three shapes (A, B or C), and thereby based on the thickest part of the spleen (when corrected for radiographic magnification: A = 9.9 ± 2.2 mm; B = 8.1 ± 1.8 mm; C = 8.0 ± 2.3 mm). There were 48 cats where the head of the spleenwas seen on the right lateral (n = 10), the left lateral (n = 24) or both (n = 14) projections. On one left lateral, both the head and tail of the spleen were seen. There was weak correlation between the radiographic and US measurements(R ⩼0.6). Splenic thickness of shape A on the ventrodorsal projection was significantly greater than categories B and C. Conclusions and relevance Radiographic measurement of the spleen is not a reliable indicator of its ultrasonographic measurement. The ultrasonographic measurements seen in this study (mean of 8.0 ± 1.6 mm) were similar to measurements of the spleen reported in previous studies. It is rare to see the tail of the spleen on lateral feline abdominal radiographs.
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Vyborny, C., P. Bunch, H. Chotas, J. Dobbins, L. Niklason, and C. Schaefer-Prokop. "Image Quality in Chest Radiography: Abstract." Journal of the ICRU 3, no. 2 (2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_3.2.13.
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Image quality in chest radiography is an important, but complex, subject. The complicated anatomy of the chest, as well as the various ways that chest disease may manifest itself, require careful consideration of radiographic technique. The manner in which human observers deal with the complexity of chest images adds further dimensions to image analysis that are not found in other radiography examinations. This report describes many issues that are related to the quality of chest radiographic images. In so doing, it relies upon the very extensive literature on this topic, a topic that has been one of the most thoroughly studied in all of radiography. Strategies that are generally agreed to improve the quality of chest radiographs are described, as are approaches to the assessment of image quality.
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Christman, Robert A., K. Paul Flanigan, Dean L. Sorrento, and Christopher C. Stanich. "Radiographic Analysis of Metatarsus Primus Elevatus." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 91, no. 6 (2001): 294–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-91-6-294.
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The authors investigated the effect of x-ray tube head angulation and central ray direction on the position of the first metatarsal relative to the second metatarsal in the lateral foot radiographic view. This preliminary study shows that these variables may influence the perception of metatarsus primus elevatus in the weightbearing lateral foot radiograph. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 91(6): 294-299, 2001)
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Park, Byeong Seop, Chin Youb Chung, Moon Seok Park, et al. "Inverse Relationship Between Radiographic Lateral Ankle Instability and Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus in Patients With Ankle Inversion Injuries." Foot & Ankle International 40, no. 12 (2019): 1368–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100719868476.
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Background: Insufficient or excessive bony constraint surrounding the talus might contribute to the occurrence of ligamentous injury or bone contusion, respectively, at the time of ankle inversion injuries. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between radiographic lateral ankle instability and osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) following ankle inversion injuries. Methods: A total of 195 patients (113 men and 83 women; mean age, 38.7 years) with a history of ankle inversion injuries were included in this study. All patients underwent ankle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and stress radiography. The tibiotalar tilt angle on varus stress radiograph, anterior translation of the talus on anterior-drawer lateral radiographs, bimalleolar tilt angle, and fibular position were radiographically determined. The radiographic lateral ankle instability was defined as tibiotalar tilt angle ≥10 degrees, and the presence of OLT was confirmed on MR images. The relationship between the radiographic lateral ankle instability and the presence of OLT was statistically analyzed. Results: The presence of radiographic lateral ankle instability (tibiotalar tilt angle ≥10 degrees) showed an inverse relationship with that of OLT in the chi-squared test ( P = .003). An increased tibiotalar tilt angle was associated with lower incidence of OLT ( P = .011) in the multiple regression analysis, and the presence of OLT was associated with a decreased tibiotalar tilt angle ( P = .016) in the binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: This study showed an inverse relationship between lateral ankle instability and the development of OLT following ankle inversion injury. The role of bony constraint in the development of sports injuries in the ankle should be considered with these injuries. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic, comparative study.
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Gotfryd, Alberto Ofenhejm, Felipe de Moraes Pomar, Nicola Jorge Carneiro Neto, Fernando José Franzin, Luciano Miller Reis Rodrigues, and Patricia Rios Poletto. "Reliability analysis of radiographic methods for determination of posterolateral lumbossacral fusion." Einstein (São Paulo) 12, no. 2 (2014): 198–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082014ao2964.
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Objective To analyze intra and interobserver agreement of two radiographic methods for evaluation of posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis.Methods Twenty patients undergoing instrumented posterolateral fusion were evaluated by anteroposterior and dynamic lateral radiographs in maximal flexion and extension. The images were evaluated initially by 6 orthopedic surgeons, and after 8 weeks, reassessed by 4 of them, totaling 400 radiographic measurements. Intra and interobserver reliability were analyzed using the Kappa coefficient and Landis and Koch criteria.Results Intra and interobserver agreement regarding anteroposterior radiographs were, respectively, 76 and 63%. On lateral views, these values were 78 and 84%, respectively. However, the Kappa analysis showed poor intra and interobserver agreement in most cases, regardless of the radiographic method used.Conclusion There was poor intra and interobserver agreement in the evaluation of lumbosacral fusion by plain film in anteroposterior and dynamic lateral views, with no statistical superiority between the methods.
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Ghazali, Ahmad Badruddin, Raweewan Arayasantiparb, Rachai Juengsomjit, and Aroonwan Lam-ubol. "Central Odontogenic Myxoma: A Radiographic Analysis." International Journal of Dentistry 2021 (June 28, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1093412.
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Objective. This study aimed to determine the radiographic characteristics of odontogenic myxomas (OMs) and their associations. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled radiographs of patients taken between 2005 and 2019 with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of central OM. OM radiographic features were evaluated, including location, border, locularity, involved area, the number of included teeth, root resorption, tooth displacement, bone expansion, bone perforation, and periosteal reaction. Fisher’s exact test was used for statistical analysis. Results. Significant associations were found between the OM border and the affected jaw ( p = 0.036 ), locularity ( p = 0.036 ), involved areas ( p = 0.009 ), and bone perforation ( p = 0.036 ). OMs with an ill-defined border were associated with maxillary lesions, multilocularity, dentate areas, and cortical bone perforation. The number of included teeth (2 or fewer or 3 or more) was significantly associated with locularity ( p = 0.010 ), involved area ( p = 0.045 ), and bone expansion ( p = 0.010 ). Larger OMs including 3 or more teeth, were associated with a multilocular appearance, dentate areas, and bone expansion. Conclusion. The border of OM and the number of included teeth are related to other radiographic appearances. Understanding these relationships could help in treatment decisions and help better understand the nature of OM.
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Leite, I. C. C., T. Sáfadi, and M. L. M. Carvalho. "Evaluation of seed radiographic images by independent component analysis and discriminant analysis." Seed Science and Technology 41, no. 2 (2013): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2013.41.2.06.
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Kim, Choo-Won, Alla Godelman, Vineet R. Jain, Avraham Merav, and Linda B. Haramati. "Postlobectomy Chest Radiographic Changes: A Quantitative Analysis." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 62, no. 4 (2011): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.12.005.
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Purpose To provide a quantative analysis of postlobectomy chest radiographic changes and to evaluate whether the scarring from prior sternotomy affects the size of the hemithorax and the duration of air leak in patients with subsequent lobectomy. Methods In this retrospective case-controlled series, 10 consecutive patients who had a lobectomy after a prior sternotomy and 30 controls, 3 for each case, matched for lobectomy site were identified. Pre- and postoperative chest radiographs were quantitatively analysed for diaphragmic elevation, size of each hemithorax, mediastinal shift, and the presence of pneumothorax. Charts were reviewed for air-leak duration, surgical complications, and duration of hospitalization. Results There was no difference between patients with lobectomy and with and without prior sternotomy for the following variables expressed as mean (SD): hemidiaphragm elevation (1.5 ± 2.5 vs 0.5 ± 2.0 cm; P = .2), change of hemithorax size (mean transverse, 0.99 ± 0.05 vs 0.97 ± 0.07; P = .5; craniocaudal, 0.93 ± 0.08 vs 0.91 ± 0.08; P = .4) and mediastinal shift (upper, 1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.6; P = .5; lower, 1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.3; P = .8), the latter 2 were expressed as the ratio of post- to preoperative measurements. These postlobectomy radiographic findings varied, depending on the resected lobe, and became progressively more pronounced during the first 12 months after surgery. There was no difference in pneumothorax duration (mean [SD]) (9.5 ± 21 days vs 6.4 ± 7.5 days; P = .5), air leak duration (mean [SD]) (0.7 ± 0.8 days vs 1.3 ± 3.9 days; P = .6), complication rate (20% vs 30%; P = .5), or hospital stay (mean [SD]) (6.0 ± 1.7 days vs 6.9 ± 4.7 days; P = .6). Conclusion There are specific patterns of volume loss, mediastinal shift, and hemidiaphragm displacement that can be quantified on postlobectomy chest radiographs. Prior sternotomy did not affect postlobectomy radiographic changes or patient outcome.
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Mallia, Patrick, Jamilah Meghji, Brandon Wong, et al. "Symptomatic, biochemical and radiographic recovery in patients with COVID-19." BMJ Open Respiratory Research 8, no. 1 (2021): e000908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2021-000908.
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BackgroundThe symptoms, radiography, biochemistry and healthcare utilisation of patients with COVID-19 following discharge from hospital have not been well described.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 401 adult patients attending a clinic following an index hospital admission or emergency department attendance with COVID-19. Regression models were used to assess the association between characteristics and persistent abnormal chest radiographs or breathlessness.Results75.1% of patients were symptomatic at a median of 53 days post discharge and 72 days after symptom onset and chest radiographs were abnormal in 47.4%. Symptoms and radiographic abnormalities were similar in PCR-positive and PCR-negative patients. Severity of COVID-19 was significantly associated with persistent radiographic abnormalities and breathlessness. 18.5% of patients had unscheduled healthcare visits in the 30 days post discharge.ConclusionsPatients with COVID-19 experience persistent symptoms and abnormal blood biomarkers with a gradual resolution of radiological abnormalities over time. These findings can inform patients and clinicians about expected recovery times and plan services for follow-up of patients with COVID-19.
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Amin, Arsalan, Cory Janney, Christopher Sheu, Daniel C. Jupiter, and Vinod K. Panchbhavi. "Weight-Bearing Radiographic Analysis of the Tibiofibular Syndesmosis." Foot & Ankle Specialist 12, no. 3 (2018): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938640018766631.
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Background: Diagnosis of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic injuries includes assessment of radiographs; however, there exist no agreed on standard diagnostic criteria. Previous studies lack consistency with radiographic evaluation methods. The dynamic nature of the ankle joint supports analyzing anatomical parameters using weight-bearing films to assess for tibiofibular syndesmotic integrity. Methods: Weight-bearing tibiofibular syndesmosis radiographs of 39 male and 40 female patients were retrospectively analyzed by 3 investigators, at different levels of orthopaedic training. Measurements 1 cm above the tibial plafond for the anterior tibiofibular overlap (TFO) and tibiofibular clear space (TCS) were recorded and standardized by the fibular width (FW) at 2 time points. Data were compared to check for agreement between the sets of measurements for each rater and agreement between investigators, and to ascertain underlying gender differences. Results: There was good intraobserver correlation (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] > 0.90) among investigators for each parameter. A significant difference in the TFO was noted between genders (P < .05). We establish the following radiographic (anteroposterior view) parameters for an intact syndesmosis: male patients, TCS <4.57 mm or TCS/FW <29% and TFO >9.29 mm or TFO/FW > 57%; female patients, TCS <4.28 mm or TCS/FW <30% and TFO >7.41 mm or TFO/FW >51%. Conclusions: Our study provides a more objective approach by utilizing weight-bearing radiographs and performing all measurements 1 cm above the tibial plafond. Levels of Evidence: Level IV
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Indra G, Maragathavalli G, and Deepika Rajendran. "Analysis of Panoramic Images of Orthodontic Patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (2020): 1750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3507.
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Panoramic imaging is the most widely requested radiographic technique in dentistry. In orthodontics, the clinical and radiographic examinations are routinely carried out along with dental and skeletal photographs as a part of diagnosis and treatment planning. The evaluation of radiographs of patients after orthodontic treatment is important in understanding the possible changes that tend to occur post-treatment. This study aims to analyze the incidental findings present in the radiographs of patients who previously underwent orthodontic treatment. A total of 30 patients (18 females; 12 male) were randomly selected from the Orthodontic clinic at the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. Two independent examiners analyzed the panoramic radiographs for anomalies and pathologies. The result showed the most common finding, which was periodontal pathology (Generalised bone loss, widening of periodontal ligament space, or both, loss of lamina dura) with a prevalence of 36.7%. All the patients taken into the study had at least one anomaly. In conclusion, the relevant findings were observed in all the radiographs & special care should be taken while evaluating them to diagnose alterations that may require other dental treatments.
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Derbyshire, Brian. "Correction of radiographic measurements of acetabular cup wear for variations in pelvis orientation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 3 (2018): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918754924.
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Radiographic measurement of two-dimensional acetabular cup wear is usually carried out on a series of follow-up radiographs of the patient’s pelvis. Since the orientation of the pelvis might not be consistent at every X-ray examination, the resulting change in view of the wear plane introduces error into the linear wear measurement. This effect is amplified on some designs of cup in which the centre of the socket is several millimetres below the centre of the cup or circular wire marker. This study describes the formulation of a mathematical method to correct radiographic wear measurements for changes in pelvis orientation. A mathematical simulation of changes in cup orientation and wear vectors caused by pelvic tilt was used to confirm that the formulae corrected the wear exactly if the radiographic plane of the reference radiograph was parallel to the true plane of wear. An error analysis showed that even when the true wear plane was not parallel to the reference radiographic plane, the formulae could still provide a useful correction. A published correction formula was found to be ineffective.
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Kerrigan, Alicia, and Waleed Kishta. "Radiographic Analysis of Surgically Treated Flatfoot Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00285.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Pes planovalgus is the most common foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Many of these patients become functionally limited and require surgical intervention. The objectives of this study are to apply previously validated radiographic parameters to radiographs of children with CP who have undergone surgical intervention for pes planovalgus deformity and to assess if these radiographic parameters show improvements post-operatively. Furthermore, this study aims to determine which of these parameters can most accurately be used to quantify correction post-surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients aged five to 17 with a diagnosis of CP who underwent lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for pes planovalgus between 2006 and 2015 at London Health Sciences Center. The previously validated radiographic measurements were applied to pre-operative and post-operative radiographs. A normality test was performed to observe whether participants were normally distributed with regard to the severity of their deformity. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare changes in radiographic measurements from before and after surgery. Results: Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age of selected patients was 13.06 years (range 9.42-16.75 years). This included 11 males and six females, all with spastic CP (12 diplegic, five hemiplegic). Of these patients, 11 underwent bilateral surgery and six underwent unilateral surgery (28 feet). These patients were followed post-operatively for a mean of 7.97 months (range 1.5-20 months). In comparing the radiographs from before and after surgery, statistically significant changes were seen in five out of the seven measurements. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to have the most significant change post-correction. Conclusion: The previously validated radiographic parameters used to assess foot and ankle deformity can be applied to the surgically treated pes planovalgus foot in patients with CP. It was found that five out of the seven measurements used to assess foot deformity changed significantly with surgical intervention. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to be the most accurate measure for post-surgical correction. This is the first study to apply these parameters to CP patients with surgically treated flatfoot deformity. Lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy significantly improves these radiographic measures.
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Livet, Véronique, Mathieu Harel, Mathieu Taroni, et al. "Stress Radiography for the Diagnosis of Medial Glenohumeral Ligament Rupture in Canine Shoulders." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 06 (2019): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692469.
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Objectives This study aimed to describe a stress radiography to detect medial glenohumeral ligament rupture and to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of this test. Materials and Methods Six adult Beagle cadavers were used. Both shoulders of each dog were randomly assigned into two groups: a normal shoulder group (NS group) and an affected shoulder group (AS group) where the medial glenohumeral ligament was arthroscopically transected. Goniometry, image analysis and radiography (normal and stress views) were performed before and after arthroscopic procedures. An abduction angle was determined for each stress view and an evaluation of the repeatability and the reproducibility was performed. Results Abduction angles were significantly larger in the AS group as measured by goniometer (p < 0.001), image analysis (p < 0.001) and radiographic stress view (p < 0.001) than in the NS group. The abduction angle difference varied from 12° to 29.3° (median difference of 19.4°) between NS and AS groups. There were good intra-observer and very good inter-observer agreements. A very good (r = 0.74; r = 0.72, respectively) significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between goniometric and radiographic techniques and between image analysis and radiographic techniques was observed. Clinical Significance Shoulder abduction angles measured with a stress radiograph-specific view provide objective data that may contribute to diagnosis of medial shoulder instability in dogs.
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Andrade, Kelly Machado de, Carolina Almeida Rodrigues, Plauto C. Aranha Watanabe, and Marcelo Oliveira Mazzetto. "Styloid process elongation and calcification in subjects with tmd: clinical and radiographic aspects." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 4 (2012): 443–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000400023.
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Knowledge of the Eagle's syndrome shows that its symptoms can be very easily confused with other types of craniomandibular disorders, especially temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to find a possible correlation between the presence of TMD and elongation of the styloid process as well relate to presence of calcification of the stilohyoid chain. Fifty patients with TMD, confirmed from the RDC/TMD, were examined clinically and radiographically. Radiographic documentation consisted of digital panoramic radiograph and digital lateral cephalometric radiograph. Radiocef software (Radiomemory) was used for the analysis of radiographs by means of specific cephalometric tracing and linear measurements of the styloid process. Each radiograph was traced and measured three times with intervals of 1 month to spread the error. Statistical analysis was performed by Pearson's test (p=0.001) using Biostat 4.0 statistical software. Result showed an incidence of 76% elongation of the styloid process in the sample. There was a correlation between the bilateral measures taken in panoramic radiographs (?<0.001) and also for measures of styloid process length carried out in different panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs (?<0.001). It was concluded that there is prevalence of elongated styloid process in patients with TMD. However, no relationship was found between measurements on the stylohyoid chain and symptoms of headache, orofacial pain, tinnitus and vertigo.
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O'Connor-Robison, C. I., and B. D. Nielsen. "Comparison of two software packages for determining radiographic bone aluminium equivalent values." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 3-4 (2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13024.
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Radiographic photodensitometry has been used to track changes in bone mineral content in the distal limb of horses through traditional film radiographs. With increasing popularity of digital radiographs, the technique has been adapted for digital technology. The objective of this study was to validate and describe the analysis of digital radiographs and to compare traditional densitometric analysis to digital analysis. Twelve traditional and 12 digital radiographs were taken of the left third metacarpal (MCIII) of 12 horses with an aluminium stepwedge penetrometer attached to the radiographic cassette. Both medial-lateral and dorsal-palmar views were represented. The traditional and digital radiographs were each analysed using two different methods to compare results. Analysis involved determining optical density at each step of the aluminium stepwedge, plotting optical density verses mm Al, and then determining the equation of the subsequent line. The optical density of each cortice was inserted into the equation and radiographic bone aluminium equivalents (RBAE) in mm Al for each cortice was determined. Total RBAE was also examined 1 cm distal to the nutrient foramen of the MCIII. Data were analysed using Proc CORR (SAS v. 9.1) and are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Total RBAE on the dorsal-palmar view from traditional radiographs averaged 286±154 mm Al for digital analysis and 292±173 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.98). Total RBAE on medial-lateral view from the digital radiographs averaged 539±137 mm Al for digital analysis and 530±165 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.95). The results demonstrate high correlations between analyses, thereby validating that digital analysis yields similar results as densitometric analysis. Digital radiographs, with increased clarity as compared to traditional films, should allow greater ability to detect treatment differences in research trials, and monitor changes associated with training or nutrition.
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Frerich, Jason M., Kristen Hertzler, Patrick Knott, and Steven Mardjetko. "Comparison of Radiographic and Surface Topography Measurements in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis." Open Orthopaedics Journal 6, no. 1 (2012): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874325001206010261.
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Purpose: In patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), radiographic surveillance is the gold standard of assessing spinal deformity, but has negative long-term effects. The Formetric 4D surface topography system was compared to standard radiography as a safer option for evaluating patients with AIS. Methods: Fourteen volunteers with typical AIS patient stature had 30 repeated Formetric 4D measurements taken, and reproducibility was assessed. Sixty-four patients with AIS were then enrolled during routine clinic visits. Evaluation included standard radiographs and surface topography measurements. A comparison analysis was performed. Results: When assessing same-day repeated scans, a standard deviation of +/- 3.4 degrees for scoliosis curve measurements was determined, and the Reliability Coefficient (Cronbach) was very high (0.996). Cobb angles measured with the Formetric 4D differed from radiographic measurements by an average of 9.42 (lumbar) and 6.98 (thoracic) degrees, while the correlation between the two measurements was strong (95% confidence interval [CI]), 0.758 (lumbar) and 0.872 (thoracic) respectively. Conclusions: The Formetric 4D is comparable to radiography in terms of its test-retest reproducibility. Although this device does not predict curve magnitude exactly, the predictions correlate strongly with the Cobb angles determined from radiographs. It can be reliably used in the surveillance of patients with AIS.
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Dutta, Parul, Zohra Ahmad, Mandeep Sagar, Rupjyoti Nath, and C. M. Rahul. "Back to the basics: Study of portable chest radiographic findings in 116 COVID-19 positive patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 31, S 01 (2021): S148—S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijri.ijri_550_20.
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Abstract Context: Paucity of literature of portable CXR findings in COVID-19. Aims: Evaluate radiographic findings in COVID-19 patients and calculate sensitivity of radiographs with RT-PCR as gold standard. Subjects and Methods: Total 116 COVID-19 patients underwent portable CXR between April-June, 2020. Two radiologists reviewed radiographs with respect to laterality, craniocaudal, mediolateral distribution, shape, density, unifocality/multifocality and number of lung zones. Sensitivity of radiography was calculated with RT-PCR as gold standard. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription software (IBM, New York, USA). Results: Many patients 67.2% (78/116) were asymptomatic. Cough (21.5%, 25/116) and fever (17.6%, 20/116) were the most frequent symptoms. 36.2% (42/116) patients revealed COVID-19 pneumonia-like abnormalities on CXR. Sensitivity of CXR with RT-PCR as gold standard was 36.2% (CI: Confidence interval = 27.46% - 44.95%). More patients in symptomatic group (68.4%, 26/38) had abnormal CXR compared to asymptomatic group (20.5%, 16/78) [P < 0.0001]. Radiographs revealed both unilateral (57.1%, 24/42), bilateral (42.8%, 18/42), GGO (80.9%, 34/42), or consolidation (11/42, 26.1%) in a middle (57.1%, 24/42), lower zone (83.3%, 35/42) and peripheral distribution (78.5%, 33/42). Lesions were commonly patchy (88%, 37/42) and multifocal (59.5%, 25/42). Majority had single (40.4%, 17/42) or two zone (35.7%, 15/42) involvement. Conclusions: Significant number of COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Over 1/3rd of patients showed radiographic abnormalities. Symptomatic patients were more likely to show radiographic findings than asymptomatic patients. If radiographs identify pneumonia in appropriate clinical setting, CT can be avoided. Common radiographic abnormalities among COVID 19 patients were bilateral/unilateral, patchy, multifocal, ground glass opacity or consolidation in peripheral and middle/lower zone distribution.
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Abreu, Thalita Queiroz, Ana Emília Figueiredo De Oliveira, Elza Bernardes Ferreira, Mariana Figueiredo Lopes, and Maia Denise Regina Pontes Vieira. "Radiographic analysis of forensic dentistry." Revista Odonto Ciência 31, no. 3 (2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2016.3.19714.
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Objective: Age estimation is an important element in the forensic investigation, being one of the data primary sources to establish the identity of living people or unknown mortal remains. The methods used for this purpose are those based on individuals’ bones and teeth development. Since dental radiographs assume major role in the forensic context, this article aims to show, by means of literature review, the importance of dental radiographs as an aid in human identification process, particularly in the age estimation.Conclusion: The forensic dental examination contributes significantly to human identification, no matter if it is a living, in advanced decay, skeletonized or charred body. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among dental professionals about the need to properly record and archive the information and data obtained during the daily clinical routine, since the greatest support for identification in forensic dentistry, mainly the individual’s age estimation, comes from clinical documentation produced daily by clinicians, especially dental radiographs.
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Harrison, Deed E., Donald D. Harrison, Rene Cailliet, Tadeusz J. Janik, and Burt Holland. "Radiographic Analysis of Lumbar Lordosis." Spine 26, no. 11 (2001): e235-e242. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200106010-00003.
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Friman, Leif. "Book Review: Chest Radiographic Analysis." Acta Radiologica 32, no. 2 (1991): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418519103200230.
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Pomerance, Jay. "Radiographic analysis of lateral epicondylitis." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 11, no. 2 (2002): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mpn.2002.121147.
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Grelsamer, RP, AN Bazos, and CS Proctor. "Radiographic analysis of patellar tilt." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. British volume 75-B, no. 5 (1993): 822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.75b5.8376449.
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Caligiuri, Philip, Maryellen L. Giger, and Murray Favus. "Multifractal radiographic analysis of osteoporosis." Medical Physics 21, no. 4 (1994): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597390.
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Tamijeselvan, S. "An analysis of frontal extradural hematoma and its radiographic features." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 4, no. 4 (2017): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2017.4.4.30.
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Aldous DDS, MS, Jay A., Gary Lowder DDS, and Jerald Boseman DDS. "Evaluation of a Caries Detecting Software System." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 19, no. 3 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v19i3.29161.
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The diagnostic accuracy of caries detecting software that assesses density in digital radiographs was questioned. Analysis of radiographs of extracted teeth using Logicon revealed a deviation in specificity for caries from visual examination of the teeth as well as from their radiographic images. Subsequent preparation of teeth similar to a clinical preparation for a restoration revealed a marked deviation from the Logicon analysis. Radiographic interpretation of early caries and resultant treatment decisions are a multifaceted complex process that is not simplified by desired but unreliable current computerized technique.
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Peck, Jeffrey, Armando Villamil, Kara Fiore, Cheryl Tano, and Jessica Leasure. "Inter- and intra-observer variability of radiography and computed tomography for evaluation of Zurich cementless acetabular cup placement ex vivo." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 29, no. 06 (2016): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-05-0068.
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SummaryObjective: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability in measurement of the angle of lateral opening (ALO) and version angle measurement using digital radiography and computed tomography (CT).Methods: Each hemipelvis was implanted with a cementless acetabular cup. Ventrodorsal and mediolateral radiographs were made of each pelvis, followed by CT imaging. After removal of the first cup, the pelves were implanted with an acetabular cup in the contra-lateral acetabulum and imaging was repeated. Three surgeons measured the ALO and version angles three times for each cup from the mediolateral radiographic projection. The same measurements were made using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstructions from CT images. Two anatomical axes were used to measure pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane, resulting in six measurements per cup. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance evaluated inter- and intra-observer repeatability for radiographic and CT-based measurements.Results: Version angle based on radio-graphic measurement did not differ within surgeons (p = 0.433), but differed between surgeons (p <0.001). Radiographic measurement of ALO differed within surgeons (p = 0.006) but not between surgeons (p = 0.989). The ALO and version angle measured on CT images did not differ with or between surgeons.Clinical significance: Assessment of inter-and intra-observer measurement of ALO and version angle was more reproducible using CT images than conventional mediolateral radiography for a Zurich cementless acetabular cup.
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Carrera, I., S. Carmichael, J. Heller, G. Hammond, and D. Draffan. "Radiographic analysis of trochlear notch sclerosis in the diagnosis of osteoarthritis secondary to medial coronoid disease." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 22, no. 01 (2009): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-07-12-0110.
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SummaryTrochlear notch sclerosis (TNS) as assessed by radiography has been shown to be increased in elbow dysplasia (ED) associated medial coronoid process disease (MCD). The aims of this study were to investigate whether two defined radiographic tests evaluating TNS would increase the sensitivity of detecting osteoarthritis secondary to MCD, and to assess whether there was a correlation between increasing TNS with severity of MCD. Sixty-one dogs with MCD (121 elbows) were selected from the imaging database. The controls were nine cadavers (18 disease-free elbows). Standard International Elbow Working Group radiographs and CT scans were taken of each elbow. Plain radiographs were analysed using various assessments: osteophyte grade (0–3), coronoid grade (0–3), TNS descriptive grade (0–3) and TNS ratio. The TNS ratio was calculated from the depth of ulnar sclerosis at the level of the disto-cranial margin of the humeral condyles divided by the cranio-caudal ulna depth. The TNS descriptive assessment and ratio both increased the overall sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD above the other radiographic tests. The sensitivity of the TNS ratio at <0.3 mm was 91%-96% and the TNS descriptive assessment was 77%-96%. Radio-graphic TNS significantly increased with increasing severity of coronoid disease grade as evaluated by CT p<0.01. The finding that TNS increases the sensitivity of diagnosing osteoarthritis secondary to MCD is valuable to those that have neither a CT scanner nor arthroscopy readily available. The assessments described in this study are easy to apply and do not require any sophisticated technology in order to detect sclerosis.
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Mikhailov, Igor I., Denis I. Galkin, Alexey V. Geit, and Andrey V. Vremenko. "Applying ROC analysis in defining requirements for digital radiography parameters." SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGIES OIL AND OIL PRODUCTS PIPELINE TRANSPORTATION 10, no. 1 (2020): 32–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28999/2541-9595-2020-10-1-32-41.
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The replacement of film technology with digital in radiographic monitoring during the construction and repair of pipelines is a pressing issue. The new technology is based on the use of phosphorous plates (computed radiography) and digital array detectors (digital radiography). However, there is the problem of defining requirements for digital radiograms. Selection of image quality class in digital radiographic testing is carried out in coordination with the customer, even though the requirements for the quality of film-based images are set out in regulations. The authors have carried out a study and provided a method making it possible to minimize the influence of the human factor in assessing the descriptiveness of radiographic images and to impartially determine the requirements for a digital radiogram when the use of computed and digital radiography may be recommended as a replacement for film technology. In order to solve this problem there has been a proposal to use ROC analysis, making it possible to estimate binary classification, including decryption of radiograms based on the «defect – no defect» principle. A test sample containing areas with defects (defect simulators) and areas with no such defects, which made it possible to use a binary classification for the analysis of its radiograms, has been developed and manufactured. A minimum sample size of independent experts sufficient to exclude the influence of the human factor on decoding test sample images has been identified. A film radiogram corresponding to regulatory requirements has been made in order to compare film-based and digital technologies. Following the analysis of this image, a base ROC curve has been plotted. This formed the basis for comparing ROC curves plotted following the results of decoding digital images with different quality parameters. It made it possible to establish values for quality parameters when the descriptiveness of digital radiograms was higher than of film-based images, and to draw conclusions about the circumstances in which it is possible to replace film-based technology with digital and computed radiography.
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Vier, David, Thomas Louis, Justin Kane, et al. "Development of a Reliable Grading System for the Radiographic Analysis of the Subtalar Joint." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00126.
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Category: Hindfoot Introduction/Purpose: Subtalar arthritis is frequently diagnosed in the clinical setting by correlating patients’ presenting signs and symptoms with weightbearing radiographs. Due to the naturally undulating surface of the subtalar joint and frequent concomitant hindfoot deformity, radiographic assessment of the severity of subtalar arthrosis can be difficult. The Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) scale for arthritis was not designed for such a unique joint and has not been validated for generalization at the subtalar joint. Previous studies have shown poor interobserver and intraobserver reliability of this grading system in patients with post-traumatic subtalar arthritis and following total ankle replacement. The authors hypothesized this scale would not be reliable for classifying the severity of subtalar arthrosis and sought to establish a novel scoring system with high interobserver reliability and clinical relevance. Methods: A collection of 40 lateral weightbearing ankle radiographs were reviewed by nine independent reviewers, including foot and ankle orthopaedic surgeons and certified musculoskeletal (MSK) radiologists for the severity of subtalar arthrosis using the KL scale. These radiographs were selected from patients with a variety of complaints of pain in the ankle and foot and not necessarily for subtalar pathology. Patients were excluded if they did not have advanced imaging, had a coalition, or prior hindfoot fusion. Interobserver reliability was assessed for KL scores using a marginal kappa statistic. An MSK radiologist graded available advanced imaging on all 40 radiographs and the advanced imaging scores were correlated to the radiographic scores. A novel scoring system, Grades 0 to 2 was created. In a separate sitting, three foot and ankle orthopedic surgeons and one MSK radiologist evaluated the radiographs using the new scale. Interobserver reliability of this new scale was then calculated. Results: There was overall fair reliability amongst reviewers with the traditional KL score, kappa = 0.26. There was moderate agreement amongst reviewers with patients deemed to have zero subtalar arthrosis (k = 0.50). There was fair interobserver reliability with Grade 4 scores (k= 0.28). Grouping Grades 3 and 4 together provided a slight increase in scoring reliability (k= 0.46). There remained only fair agreement when grades 1-2 (k = 0.31) and grades 1-3 (k =0.37) were combined. Radiographic scores did have a moderate correlation with advanced imaging (r=0.56). The nine reviewers only recorded the same score as the advanced imaging score 37.8% of the time, and were within one grade 82.0% of the time. The simpler proposed grading system had improved interobserver reliability (kappa =0.68). Conclusion: The KL scale is unreliable for assessment of the severity of subtalar arthrosis on lateral weightbearing radiographs and carries no clinical correlation. In our study, there was a correlation between radiographic severity of disease and advanced imaging. Our proposed novel scoring system has a substantially improved reliability when compared to the KL scale, is reproducible, and carries potential clinical implications and relevance. This system can be used for clinical reasons and also reliably used for tracking progression of clinically significant radiographic disease of the subtalar joint.
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Naraghi, Reza, Alexandra Bremner, Linda Slack-Smith, and Alan Bryant. "Radiographic Analysis of Feet With and Without Morton’s Neuroma." Foot & Ankle International 38, no. 3 (2016): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100716674998.
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Background: The aim of this research was to investigate the association of various structural measurements of the forefoot with Morton’s neuroma (MN). Methods: Weightbearing anteroposterior and lateral foot radiographs of subjects attending the University of Western Australia (UWA) Podiatry Clinic and the first author’s private practice were included in this study. A single assessor measured the following angles: lateral intermetatarsal angle (LIMA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), digital divergence between the second and third digits (DD23), digital divergence between the third and fourth digits (DD34) and relative metatarsal lengths of the first to fifth metatarsals (Met1-5), and the effect of MN size as measured by ultrasonograph on digital divergence. Intratester reliability of all radiographic measurements was assessed on all radiographic measurements. The study included 101 subjects, of whom 69 were diagnosed with MN and 32 were control subjects without MN. The mean (± standard deviation) age of MN subjects was 52 (±15) years and for control subjects, 48 (±12) years. Results: When comparing all feet, there were no significant differences in the LIMA, HVA, IMA, digital divergence angles and the relative metatarsal distances between subjects with MN and control subjects. No relationship between MN size and digital divergence was found in either foot, or in either neuroma location. Conclusion: We were unable to demonstrate any relationship in this study between radiographic metatarsal length and angular measurements in a symptomatic MN group compared to a control group. In addition, we did not find any correlation between the size of MN as measured from ultrasonographic images and radiographic evidence of digital divergence. Level of Evidence: Level III, case control study.
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Slullitel, Gastón, Victoria Álvarez, Valeria Lopez, Juan Pablo Calvi, and Ana Belén Calvo. "How Accurate Is Clinical Evaluation in Hindfoot Coronal Alignment?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 4 (2017): 247301141773156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417731563.
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Background: Hindfoot coronal alignment is an important factor in the assessment of patients with many different foot and ankle complaints. A number of clinical and radiographic techniques have been described to measure hindfoot coronal alignment, but none of them are widely accepted. The purpose of the present study was to assess the correlation between clinical and radiographic hindfoot alignment measures and to evaluate the reproducibility of each. Methods: We evaluated 85 patients with foot and/or ankle symptoms. Hindfoot clinical alignment was measured from photographs. Each patient was placed at a distance of 1 m from the observer, with both feet placed parallel. Four photographs were taken, at a height of 40 cm: a posterior view of both lower limbs including knees, a posterior view focalized on the studied hindfoot, an anterior view of the foot, and the last view of the medial aspect of the foot. Radiographic alignment was quantified on long axial view radiographs. Patients were lying over the film cassette with a focus distance of 1 m and the beam pointed to the ankle joint. The inclination angle of the beam was 45 degrees to the floor. Measurements were independently made by 2 observers, who were asked to classify pictures into 3 categories: varus, neutral, and valgus. Radiographic measurements were made using the angle measurement tool on the radiograph viewer. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the ICC were used to quantify the inter- and intraobserver reliability for clinical assessment. Radiographic parameters were correlated by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Results: The intraobserver ICC for clinical analysis was good for both observers, while the interobserver ICC was moderate for both measurements. Regarding radiographic assessment, there was significant intra- and interobserver reliability. The correlation between both methods was weak for both observers. Conclusions: We found only weak intra- and interobserver correlations between the clinical and radiographic assessment of hindfoot coronal alignment. It is therefore necessary to complement the clinical evaluation of hindfoot alignment with an objective measurement method such as a long axial view radiograph. Further studies comparing different measurement methods need to be performed to establish the most objective evaluation. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study.
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Geijer, Mats, Olof Laurin, Ragnar Johnsson, and Sven Laurin. "A computer-assisted systematic quality monitoring method for cervical hip fracture radiography." Acta Radiologica Open 5, no. 12 (2016): 205846011667474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460116674749.
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Background A thorough quality analysis of radiologic performance is cumbersome. Instead, the prevalence of missed cervical hip fractures might be used as a quality indicator. Purpose To validate a computer-based quality study of cervical hip fracture radiography. Material and Methods True and false negative and positive hip trauma radiography during 6 years was assessed manually. Patients with two or more radiologic hip examinations before surgery were selected by computer analysis of the databases. The first of two preoperative examinations might constitute a missed fracture. These cases were reviewed. Results Out of 1621 cervical hip fractures, manual perusal found 51 (3.1%) false negative radiographic diagnoses. Among approximately 14,000 radiographic hip examinations, there were 27 (0.2%) false positive diagnoses. Fifty-seven percent of false negative reports were occult fractures, the other diagnostic mistakes. There were no significant differences over the years. Diagnostic sensitivity was 96.9% and specificity 99.8%. Computer-assisted analysis with a time interval of at least 120 days between the first and the second radiographic examination discovered 39 of the 51 false negative reports. Conclusion Cervical hip trauma radiography has high sensitivity and specificity. With computer-assisted analysis, 76% of false negative reports were found.
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Wilkie, Joel R., Maryellen L. Giger, Michael R. Chinander, et al. "Comparison of radiographic texture analysis from computed radiography and bone densitometry systems." Medical Physics 31, no. 4 (2004): 882–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.1650529.
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Astuti, Eha Renwi, Hutojo Djajakusuma, Indeswati Diyatri, and Nastiti Faradilla Ramadhani. "The effect of X-ray irradiation to the formation of polychromatic erythrocyte cell micronucleus in Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus)." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 54, no. 3 (2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v54.i3.p128-131.
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Background: Panoramic and cephalometric radiography is very important for diagnosis, treatment plan, and evaluation of orthodontic treatment results. Panoramic and cephalometric radiography are frequently performed at the same time, causing DNA damage and chromosome aberration. Purpose: This study aims to analyse the effect of X-ray exposure in panoramic and cephalometric radiography on micronuclei cell numbers. Methods: Laboratory-based analytical study with 60 healthy-male Wistar rats weighing 200–300 grams divided into 6 treatment groups (n=10). The control group: without radiographic exposure, the treatment group 2: using panoramic radiographic exposure followed by cephalometric, and the treatment group 3: using panoramic radiographic exposure and 24 hours later performed cephalometric radiographic. The unit of analysis was the polychromatic erythrocytes of mice cell, were examined 24 hours and 48 hours after irradiation had been finished. The polychromatic erythrocytes were examined using May-Gruenwald-Giemsa staining and 100x magnification under a microscope with 2000 cells per view. Data obtained were analysed using the SPSS 20 version software. The mean and standard deviations were calculated for each clinical parameter, and a one‐way ANOVA statistical test of significance was used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: The analysis showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the number of micronucleus in groups that used panoramic radiographic exposure followed by cephalometric. Conclusion: X-ray radiation can increase the number of micronucleus in polychromatic erythrocyte cells in rats.
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Abdul Halim, Suhaila, Arsmah Ibrahim, and Yupiter Harangan Prasada Manurung. "Digital Radiographic Image Enhancement for Weld Defect Detection using Smoothing and Morphological Transformations." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i1.9412.
Full textAbstract:
Accurate inspection of welded materials is important in relation to achieve acceptable standards. Radiography, a non-destructive test method, is commonly used to evaluate the internal condition of a material with respect to defect detection. The presence of noise in low resolution of radiographic images significantly complicates analysis; therefore attaining higher quality radiographic images makes defect detection more readily achievable. This paper presents a study pertaining to the quality enhancement of radiographic images with respect to different types of defects. A series of digital radiographic weld flaw images were smoothed using multiple smoothing techniques to remove inherent noise followed by top and bottom hat morphological transformations. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively with respect to SNR, PSNR and MAE. The results indicate that smoothing enhances the quality of radiographic images, thereby promoting defect detection with the respect to original radiographic images.
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Wahyuddin, Wahyuddin, AR Rakhmansyah Iskandar, and Nurul Adilah Z. "Analisa Artefak Pada Hasil Radiograf Yang Timbul Akibat Pengolahan Computed Radiography." Lontara 2, no. 1 (2021): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v2i1.186.
Full textAbstract:
Artefacts are structures or appearances that are not normally present on radiographs, errors in radiographic processing may be due to technical errors or film processing errors. This research was conducted using Descriptive methods, with the type of literature study that aims to examine the causes of artifacts that can occur as a result of improper handling of film processing errors.The results of the analysis concluded that the frequent occurrence of artifacts in the processing of Computed Radiography is caused by two factors, that is the use of imaging plates and grids lisolm. His advice should be in the processing using Computed Radigraphy the officer must be more careful and pay attention to the components in Computed Radiography.