Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radiographic changes

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Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic changes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic changes"

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Heaven, T. J., A. R. Firestone, and F. F. Feagin. "Quantitative Radiographic Measurement of Dentinal Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 1 (1990): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690010801.

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The purpose of this investigation was the comparison of the precision and accuracy of two reference ramp techniques for the quantification of radiographic density changes in teeth. Radiographs (65 kVp, 10 ma, 1 s, and intra-oral ultraspeed film) of transverse sections from extracted permanent human molars were made before and after dentinal lesions were created. Each radiograph contained the image of a tooth section and the aluminum reference ramp. Method A used the image of the ramp on both the before- and after-lesion radiographs, and method B used the image of the ramp only on the before-lesion radiograph. Three groups of lesions (0.525-mm diameter, n = 11; 0.675-mm diameter, n = 9; and the 0.525-mm holes enlarged to 0.675 mm) were measured radiographically by each technique and by direct planimetry of the lesions. Radiographic method B produced results in close agreement with the planimetric measurements. Method B differentiated (p<0.05) between groups that had a mean planimetric size difference of 0.10 mm (equivalent to a change in density difference of 0.6%). These density change measurements are in absolute units of mm of aluminum that can be compared between lesions and between samples. This technique may prove useful for the quantification of changes in mineral density of caries lesions detectable in longitudinal radiographic records.
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Shantiningsih, Rurie Ratna, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Biological changes after dental panoramic exposure: conventional versus digital." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 51, no. 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i1.p25-28.

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Background: Dental digital radiography is more practical and requires fewer doses of radiation than conventional radiography. Because ionizing radiation has a biological effect on exposed tissue, concerns regarding its stochastic effect merit greater attention. In a previous study, it was found that biological changes and increases in the micronucleus occurred after conventional panoramic exposure to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in biological effects after digital panoramic exposure compared with conventional exposure. Methods: Twenty subjects were classified into two groups according to the radiographic technique employed. The techniques consisted of ten subjects undergoing digital panoramic radiograph exposure and ten others being subjected to conventional exposure. GCF calculated in mm3 was collected by applying paper strips to the anterior maxillary labial gingival sulcus for one minute prior to and ten minutes after exposure. A micronucleus was obtained from a gingival smear on the same quadrant ten days after panoramic exposure. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of micronuclei between conventional and digital panoramic radiographs both before and after exposure (p=0.000). In contrast, increased GCF volume was not statistically significant (p=0.506) before or after digital panoramic exposure, while the significant difference of conventional panoramic exposure was p=0.017. Conclusion: Digital panoramic radiograph exposure induced a biological change only in terms of an increase in the number of micronuclei but not in the volume of GCF.
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Mathew, Anuna Laila, Amar A. Sholapurkar, and Keerthilatha M. Pai. "Condylar Changes and Its Association with Age, TMD, and Dentition Status: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/413639.

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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of radiographic changes in the condylar morphology and its association with age, clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and dentition status and also to evaluate the intra examiner and inter examiner reliability in assessing condylar changes using panoramic radiographs. A total of 75 subjects were recruited for the study. They were divided into 3 age groups. 20–40 yrs (Group A), 41–60 yrs (Group B) and 61 yrs and above (Group C). In each age group 25 subjects were evaluated both clinically and radiographically. The prevalence of radiographic changes in condylar morphology and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction was 81.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Radiographic abnormalities in the mandibular condylar morphology increased with age. They were seen more frequently in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and in patients with loss of teeth. Intra examiner and inter examiner reliability was high indicating a good reliability in assessing the condylar changes using panoramic radiograph.
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Gunawan, Gunawan, Suhardjo Sitam, and Lusi Epsilawati. "Densitas tulang mandibula pengguna obat anti hipertensi calcium channel blocker (CCB) melalui radiograf panoramik." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i2.527.

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Objectives: The purpose of this research was to describe radiographic density of mandibular bone in calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users. Bone density in the mandible is assessed from the trabecular. Panoramic radiograph is a routine examination that is often done in dentistry that can be used to assess changes in quality in the form of changes in bone density in users of anti-hypertensive calcium channel blockers 
 Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive study of 21 panoramic radiographs of calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users aged 40-75 years. Panoramic radiograph archive density checks in the distal region of the foramen mentale and the mandibular angular region using software image j, with the final result was the percentage between bone and marrow. 
 Results: This research showed the average radiographic density in male using calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drugs was 18.81% and the average radiographic density in female was 20.92%. 
 Conclusion: Based on the results of the study found that the average radiographic density of female patients taking antihypertensive drugs calcium channel blockers was higher than male.
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Koo, Bon San, Yoonah Song, Kyung Bin Joo, Seunghun Lee, and Tae-Hwan Kim. "Radiologic Changes in the Symphysis Pubis of Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 2 (2015): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150711.

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Objective.We aimed to evaluate the involvement of the symphysis pubis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to assess the correlations between symphysis pubis changes and clinical findings.Methods.We retrospectively evaluated a total of 222 male patients with AS who underwent pelvic and cervical/lumbar spine radiography at the Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases from August 2004 to February 2014. Radiographs were examined by 2 experienced radiologists, and radiographic damage was scored as follows: 0 (no damage), 1 (subtle irregularity and/or subchondral sclerosis), 2 (erosion), 3 (partial ankylosis), and 4 (total ankylosis). We evaluated the patients’ clinical characteristics and analyzed their correlations with radiographic symphysis pubis changes.Results.The mean patient age was 30.5 ± 8.3 years and mean disease duration was 7.1 ± 4.6 years; 105 patients (47.3%) exhibited radiologic damage in the symphysis pubis. Moreover, 75, 28, 0, and 2 patients had scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. When comparing the normal (score 0) and abnormal (score 1–4) symphysis pubis groups, the latter had a longer symptom duration (10.1 ± 7.0 vs 7.6 ± 5.8 yrs, p = 0.004) and higher modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS; 18.6 ± 17.0 vs. 14.3 ± 13.4, p = 0.038). Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between the radiographic symphysis pubis damage score and mSASSS (r2 = 0.147, p = 0.029).Conclusion.Among male patients with AS, 47.3% exhibited symphysis pubis involvement. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the radiographic symphysis pubis and spine changes.
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Singh, Karan T., Diane Cosner, and Burton Ellis. "Radiographic Changes of Hyperparathyroidism." Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 37, no. 23 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000456510.71456.19.

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&NA;. "Radiographic Changes of Hyperparathyroidism." Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 37, no. 23 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000456511.71456.50.

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MADELEY, N. J., A. B. STEPHEN, N. D. DOWNING, and T. R. C. DAVIS. "Changes in Scaphoid Bone Density after Acute Fracture." Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (2006): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.03.164.

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The radiographic density of the proximal fragments of 16 scaphoid fractures was assessed on scaphoid series radiographs taken at 6 to 12 weeks. In addition, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density in the distal radius and proximal and distal fracture fragments were performed at 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 12 weeks. Median reductions of 9% and 10% were observed in bone mineral density in the proximal fracture fragment and the distal radius respectively, but these did not correlate with the radiographic density of the proximal fragment. A greater median reduction in bone mineral density (27%) was observed in the distal fracture fragment and more bone loss occurred at this site when there was an apparent increase in the radiographic density of the proximal fragment (median fall of 0.23 g/cm2 versus 0.14 g/cm2). Thus, apparent increased radiographic density of the proximal fragment may be due to increased bone loss from the distal fragment.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.

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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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Derbyshire, Brian. "Correction of radiographic measurements of acetabular cup wear for variations in pelvis orientation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 3 (2018): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918754924.

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Radiographic measurement of two-dimensional acetabular cup wear is usually carried out on a series of follow-up radiographs of the patient’s pelvis. Since the orientation of the pelvis might not be consistent at every X-ray examination, the resulting change in view of the wear plane introduces error into the linear wear measurement. This effect is amplified on some designs of cup in which the centre of the socket is several millimetres below the centre of the cup or circular wire marker. This study describes the formulation of a mathematical method to correct radiographic wear measurements for changes in pelvis orientation. A mathematical simulation of changes in cup orientation and wear vectors caused by pelvic tilt was used to confirm that the formulae corrected the wear exactly if the radiographic plane of the reference radiograph was parallel to the true plane of wear. An error analysis showed that even when the true wear plane was not parallel to the reference radiographic plane, the formulae could still provide a useful correction. A published correction formula was found to be ineffective.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic changes"

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Furniss, Caryl. "Radiographic changes in Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/27207.

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A radiographic examination forms part of the pre-purchase examination of Thoroughbred yearlings at national sales in many countries. This data enables the recording of the prevalence of radiographic changes in selected Thoroughbred populations around the world and assists veterinarians in advising clients on the purchase of yearlings. This has financial implications for the client as well as the racing industry as a whole. Radiographic examinations of the 269 Thoroughbred yearlings lodged at the 2008 National Yearling Sale in Germiston, South Africa were collected and individually evaluated. The prevalence of radiographic changes was recorded and percentages calculated. These changes were compared to studies of other yearling populations. Radiographic changes present in the studied Thoroughbred population are: pedal osteitis 1.26%, metatarsophalangeal joint dorsal osteochondral fragmentation 1.60%, sagittal ridge changes 5.7%, ulnar carpal bone lucencies 8.33%, carpal osteophytes 1.19%, distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint radiographic changes 9.92%, tarsal osteochondrosis lesions 4.4% and stifle joint osteochondrosis lesions 0.4%. These changes were found to be of lower prevalence when compared to similar studies. The prevalence of dorsal osteochondral fragments in the metacarpophalangeal joint was 1.60% which was similar to other studies. A higher prevalence of vascular channels was visible in the proximal sesamoid bones as well as irregular borders and lucencies. Palmar metacarpophalangeal and plantar metatarsophalangeal osteochondral fragments had a recorded prevalence of 2% and 7.10%, respectively, this prevalence being generally higher when compared to similar studies. There was an absence of palmar metacarpal disease, supracondylar lysis, proximal sesamoid bone fractures and carpal osteochondral fragmentation in the current study. Additional findings recorded in the current study were: proximal interphalangeal joint hyperextension (left front 15.13%, right front 18.91%), the solar angle (right front 2.38°, left front 2.79°), the prevalence of carpal bone one (30.95%) and carpal bone five (1.59%). The study population was limited to the radiographs lodged at the sale repository. As radiographic changes may influence sale price of the yearling, radiographs of yearlings with severe radiographic changes may not have been lodged at the repository. For these reasons the prevalence of radiographic changes recorded in the current study may not be a true reflection of the entire 2006 Thoroughbred foal crop. Further work to correlate radiographic changes to differences in management, pre-sale exercise programmes and genetics needs to be done. The effect of radiographic changes on the future performance of the Thoroughbred yearling also warrants further investigation. Copyright<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2009.<br>Companion Animal Clinical Studies<br>unrestricted
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Messent, Elizabeth Ann. "Quantitative radiographic assessment of tibial cancellous bone changes in knee osteoarthritis." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407638.

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Batra, Preeti. "Analysis of Radiographic Changes Associated with the Periradicular Diagnosis of Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4141.

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Symptomatic apical periodontitis (SAP) is indicative of inflammation of the periodontal ligament. It may or may not be accompanied by radiographic changes and may occur with vital or necrotic pulpal diagnosis. Purpose of this study was to analyze clinical and radiographic presentations of SAP in a retrospective electronic dental chart and digital radiograph review utilizing the endodontic diagnostic template note of predoctoral dental school patients presenting with SAP. The aim was to determine prevalence of periapical radiolucencies (PARLs) in SAP, association of SAP to pulpal diagnosis, and define associated radiographic changes. Most prevalent pulpal diagnosis with SAP was symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (44%). A tooth presenting with SAP was more likely to have an intact lamina dura, but presented with a PARL 38% of the time. When a PARL was present the most common pulpal diagnosis was pulp necrosis however, 24.5% of teeth presented with a vital pulp diagnosis and lesions <2mm.
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Al, Zidjali Tariq. "Lateral condylar fractures in thoroughbred racehorses : investigation of premonitory radiographic changes in distal metacarpal III." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30978/.

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Reasons for performing this study: Metacarpal/metatarsal III condylar fractures are the most common type of fracture associated with Thoroughbred horseracing in the UK, and the most common reason for euthanasia on the racecourse. Prediction of fracture through quantification of exercise-related radiographic changes could enable modification of horse management to prevent this injury, improving animal welfare and reducing wastage. Objectives: The general aims were to validate objective radiographic measurement of exercise-related modelling in distal metacarpal III of Thoroughbred racehorses and to explore their utility for fracture prediction by comparing measurements from horses that sustained a fracture of the lateral condyle of distal metacarpal III with those from controls. The initial objective was to establish methods to measure objectively the following variables in distal metacarpal III: condyle opacity, cortical thickness and metaphyseal angle. Radiographic measurements were correlated with equivalent measurements derived from computed tomography (CT) to determine their accuracy. The second objective was to explore the ability of the radiographic measurements to identify horses at risk of fracture. This was done initially by comparing measurements made from radiographs taken at a single time point between Thoroughbred racehorses with and without a lateral condylar fracture, and subsequently by analysis of measurements from series of radiographs obtained prior to and at diagnosis of lateral condylar fracture as part of routine clinical practice. For the final objective, the maximum density of the palmar condyles of distal metacarpal III was determined using a quantitative CT-based technique. Maximum density was compared between horses with fractures and those without, and comparison made with the maximum opacity measured from radiographs, to investigate whether these measurements could be used to identify horses at risk of fracture. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five metacarpal III bones obtained from Thoroughbred racehorses euthanized on UK racecourses (age range 3-11 years) were divided in to three groups: control (no distal limb fracture, n=30), non-fractured (contralateral limb lateral condylar fracture, n=11) and fractured (lateral condylar fracture, n=14). All limbs were subjected to radiography and computed tomography for measurement of diaphyseal cortical thickness 2.5cm distal to the nutrient foramen (expressed as dorsal cortex:medulla width) and metaphyseal angle (deviation of the metaphysis relative to the diaphysis). Measurement of radiopacity of the medial and lateral condyles was calibrated using an aluminium phantom i (condyle:phantom ratio). Correlation between radiography and CT measurements and comparison of radiography measurements between groups was performed. For the longitudinal study, medical records of the Singapore Turf Club were reviewed. Thoroughbred racehorses diagnosed with a lateral condylar fracture that had also been radiographed in the previous 24 months were identified and placed in the ‘high risk’ group (n=16). Horses radiographed and then raced for a minimum of 2 years without suffering a fracture were placed in the ‘low risk’ group (n=15). Twenty-seven metacarpal III bones obtained from Thoroughbred racehorses euthanized on UK racecourses (age range 3-10 years) were used in the investigation of maximum density of the palmar condyles. They were divided in to three groups: control (no distal limb fracture, n=10), non-fractured (contralateral limb lateral condylar fracture, n=8), and fracture (lateral condylar fracture, n=9). Computed tomography measurement of condyle density was calibrated using a potassium phosphate phantom to enable comparison between age-matched bones. Results: Diaphyseal cortical thickness and metaphyseal angle measurements made by radiography and CT were significantly correlated (r=0.74, 0.73; p=0.007, 0.004) but there was no significant difference in measurements between groups. Radiopacity of medial and lateral condyles was significantly greater in non-fracture (0.67±0.04, 0.68±0.04) and fracture (0.82±0.07, 0.68±0.09) groups than the control (0.59±0.08, 0.57±0.09) group (p=0.003). The medial condyle (0.82±0.07) was significantly more radiopaque than the lateral condyle (0.68±0.09) in the fracture group only (p=0.001). In the longitudinal study, the dorsal cortex was thicker in high risk than low risk horses, the mean ± SD cortical thickness ratio of the high and low risk groups was 1.36 ± 0.26 and 1.08 ± 0.19 respectively (p=0.008). Metaphyseal angle measurement displayed a similar pattern and the difference was statistically significant, the mean ± SD metaphyseal angle of the high and low risk groups was 9.65° ± 2.21 and 6.95° ± 1.65 respectively (p=0.000). Computed tomography measurement of maximum density of distal metacarpal III, found no significant difference in maximum density of the lateral and medial palmar condyle between groups. There was a significant correlation between age and maximum density of the lateral condyle (r=0.44, p=0.019) and medial condyle (r=0.54, p=0.003). ii Conclusions: Objective measurement of dorsal cortical thickness and metaphyseal angle of distal metacarpal III can be performed accurately and precisely using radiography in Thoroughbred horses. Radiographic measurement of condyle opacity was precise but conclusions about the accuracy of this measurement await comparison with an appropriate reference standard. Increased radiopacity of the distal condyles was identified in horses that sustained lateral condylar fracture. However, this finding was not reflected by data from the horses represented by the clinical radiographs, suggesting that this measurement may not be useful in identifying horses at risk of fracture. Evidence supportive of this conclusion was provided by maximum density measurements made by CT. Significant differences in dorsal cortical thickness and metaphyseal angle were found between horses that sustained a lateral condylar fracture and horses that underwent radiography for clinical reasons but subsequently raced without fracture, suggesting that these variables could be of value in determining the risk of fracture and merit further investigation.
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Smit, Yolandi. "Prevalence of radiographic changes in South African Thoroughbred racehorses at the yearling sales, 2008-2010." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40710.

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Radiographic examination of Thoroughbred racehorses at the time of the yearling sales is common practice in South Africa. Although it is generally accepted that yearlings will have some radiographic changes, there is only one study that estimated the prevalence of these changes in Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings in South Africa. Furniss et al reported on the occurrence of radiographic abnormalities over a one-year period (Furniss 2011). Furniss et al. study differs from other studies in that there was a higher prevalence of palmar metacarpophalangeal and plantar metatarsophalangeal osteochondral fragments and a lower prevalence of pedal osteitis, dorsal osteochondral fragmentation of the metatarsophalangeal joint, distal metacarpal saggital ridge changes, ulnar carpal bone lucencies, carpal osteophytes, distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joint changes, tarsal osteochondrosis lesions and stifle osteochondrosis lesions was found. This study will further assist practitioners to identify joints where the most prevalent changes are likely to occur. Our objective was to describe the prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in the metacarpophalangeal joint, metatarsophalangeal joint, carpi, tarsi, stifle and fore digits of racing Thoroughbred yearlings in South Africa when examined as part of a pre-purchase examination during the Annual National Yearling Sales extending from 2008 through 2010. Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings were subjected to radiographic evaluation including the digit (n= 566 ), metacarpophalangeal joint (n=566 ), metatarsophalangeal joint (n= 566), carpi (n= 566), tarsi (n= 566) and stifle (n=566 ). The radiographic changes were categorised by location and type of change present for each series. The digit Where informal comparisons with previously published data can be made, similar changes of pedal osteitis were recorded in this study, with a total percentage of 6.7%. There was an 8.7% prevalence of inversion of the third pedal bone. Other studies describing radiographic changes in Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings did not investigate inversion of the third pedal bone, therefore results cannot be compared. The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints with proximal The metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints with proximal sesamoid bones The prevalence of dorsoproximal phalanx one fragmentation (1.2%) of metacarpophalangeal joints were similar compared to other studies. Osteochondral fragmentation of proximal plantar phalanx one (6%) was 8.5 times more prevalent when compared to proximal palmar phalanx one (0.7%). The latter prevalence is in agreement with similar studies. There were low incidences of subchondral cyst-like lesions seen in distal third metacarpus (0.4%), distal third metatarsus (0.2%) and proximal first phalanx, similar to other studies. The most common change recorded on the dorsal aspect of distal third metacarpus and metatarsus was a well-defined semi-circular notch (dorsal aspect of distal third metacarpus 20.3%; dorsal aspect of distal third metatarsus 27%) similar to other studies. Our study showed a higher prevalence of lucencies present at dorsal aspect of distal third metacarpus (8.5%) and metatarsus (4.2%) compared to other studies. There was a marked lower prevalence in the current study of flat distal palmar third metacarpal condyles (6%). Prevalence of palmar and plantar third metacarpal and metatarsal supracondylar lysis were markedly higher in the present study. Slight palmar and plantar third metacarpus and metatarsus supracondylar lysis was seen in 19.3% of the horses. Moderate to extreme palmar and plantar third metacarpus and metatarsus supracondylar lysis were present in 10.2% of the horses. The carpi There was a higher prevalence of dorsomedial carpal disease in our study population (11.3%) and prevalence of carpal osseous cyst-like lesions such as a circular lucency in ulnar carpal bone was lower (14%). A markedly higher prevalence of 4.2% in carpal osteochondral fragmentation was found. The tarsi Osteochondrosis of the tarsocrural joint showed a similar prevalence (13.4 %). Degenerative joint disease of tarsometatarsal joint had a higher prevalence (36%) than the centrodistal (distal intertarsal) joint (20.3%). There was also a higher incidence of degenerative joint disease in tarsometatarsal joint (36%). The stifle In the current study, osteochondrosis of the stifle had a similar prevalence (3.6%) when compared to other studies. 6 Conclusion In South Africa Thoroughbred racehorse yearlings, radiographic changes most commonly involved the metacarpo- and metatarsophalangeal joints, carpi and tarsi. This study revealed markedly higher prevalence of palmar and plantar third metacarpal and metatarsal supracondylar lysis (slight 19.3% and moderate to extreme 10.2%), carpal osteochondral fragmentation (4.2%) and degenerative joint disease in tarsometatarsal joint (36%). Establishment of normal prevalence and distribution of radiographic changes in South Africa Thoroughbred yearlings will allow for comparison with populations of young horses worldwide. Knowledge of the normal prevalence will assist veterinarians to identify joints in which radiographic changes are most likely to occur.<br>Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013.<br>gm2014<br>Companion Animal Clinical Studies<br>unrestricted
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Nordahl, Silvi. "Pain and radiographic changes of the arthritic temporomandibular joint : relation to cytokines in synovial fluid and plasma /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4400-8/.

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He, Libo [Verfasser]. "Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone level changes around implants and abutment with non-corresponding diameters : a prospective pilot study / Libo He." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113592915/34.

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He, LiBo [Verfasser]. "Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone level changes around implants and abutment with non-corresponding diameters : a prospective pilot study / Libo He." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113592915/34.

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Björkman, Jasmine. "Are there any difference between the levels of serum leptin, visceral fat area and body mass index in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, with and without radiographic changes?" Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36847.

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Verhovsek, Ester L. "Radiography Curriculum Change Update: American Society of Radiologic Technologists." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2591.

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Books on the topic "Radiographic changes"

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Tottrup, Susanne Lois. The correlation between arthrographic findings and radiographic changes as seen in the temporomandibular joint of symptomatic patients. Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1987.

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Radiographie du peuple lycéen: Pour changer le lycée. ESF, 2005.

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Jean, Jean-Claude. Transition politique en Haïti: Radiographie du pouvoir Lavalas. L'Harmattan, 1999.

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Jean, Jean-Claude. Transition politique en Haïti: Radiographie du pouvoir Lavalas. L'Harmattan, 1999.

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van Gaalen, Floris, Désirée van der Heijde, and Maxime Dougados. Diagnosis and classification of axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198734444.003.0003.

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Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a potentially disabling chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac (SI) joints. Lead symptoms are chronic back pain and stiffness. The disease is called radiographic axSpA or ankylosing spondylitis (AS) when, on plain radiographs, bone changes consistent with sacroiliitis are present. When no evidence of sacroiliitis is seen on radiographs, it is called non-radiographic axSpA. In such cases, diagnosis is made based on evidence of active inflammation of SI joints on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical and laboratory features, or a combination of clinical and laboratory features only. Apart from affecting the spine and SI joints, axSpA may involve peripheral joints (e.g. knee, ankle) and manifest in extra-articular manifestations, for example uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this chapter, diagnosis and classification of axSpA is discussed, including use of MRI in detecting sacroiliitis and the difference between clinical diagnosis and disease classification.
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Hunter, David J., Frank W. Roemer, and Ed Riordan. Imaging: magnetic resonance imaging. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0018.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) overcomes many of the limitations associated with conventional radiography, the technique historically regarded as the gold standard in imaging of osteoarthritis (OA). MRI allows visualization of changes and pathologies in joint tissues including cartilage and the menisci, the two tissue components responsible for the indirect radiographic marker of joint space narrowing, decreasing the length of time that must elapse before disease progression can be detected. Other elements of the joint can also be analysed simultaneously: a key development in the understanding of OA. This chapter focuses on the utility of MRI in observational studies and clinical trials, detailing the available MRI techniques and quantitative/qualitative measurements, and their correlation with tissue damage. The possible future directions of MRI in OA are also discussed, with a view to its potential utility in identifying disease-modifying interventions.
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Ripamonti, Carla I., Alexandra M. Easson, and Hans Gerdes. Bowel obstruction. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0143.

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In this chapter, malignant bowel obstruction is defined as the clinical presentation of patients with symptoms, signs, and radiographic evidence of obstruction to the transit of gastrointestinal contents caused by cancer, or the consequences of anticancer therapy including surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation therapy. Malignant bowel obstruction secondary to cancer or its treatments is encountered relatively frequently in supportive care as well as in in hospice/palliative care practice, carries a poor prognosis, and is associated with significant symptoms. Careful clinical assessment and an understanding of the patient’s disease trajectory are crucial in recommending the best way of providing palliation. In someone with a single-level obstruction and good functional status, surgery should be offered. Those with multilevel obstruction are almost never surgical candidates and should be managed with changes in oral intake and medications.
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Schreiner, Teri L., and Jeffrey L. Bennett. Neuromyelitis Optica. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0088.

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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic’s disease is an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system that preferentially affects the optic nerves and spinal cord. Initially considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS), NMO is now clearly recognized to have distinct clinical, radiographic, and pathologic characteristics. Historically, the diagnosis of NMO required bilateral optic neuritis and transverse myelitis; however, the identification of a specific biomarker, NMO-IgG, an autoantibody against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel, has broadened NMO spectrum disease to include patients with diverse clinical and radiographic presentations. This chapter addresses the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of the disease.
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National Cancer Institute (U.S.), ed. Chances are-- you need a mammogram: A guide for midlife and older women. National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 1996.

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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. Radiography and computed tomography imaging of osteoarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199668847.003.0016.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disorder in the elderly worldwide and there is still no effective treatment, other than joint arthroplasty for end-stage OA, despite ongoing research efforts. Imaging is essential for assessing structural joint damage and disease progression. Radiography is the most widely used first-line imaging modality for structural OA evaluation. Its inherent limitations should be noted including lack of ability to directly visualize most OA-related pathological features in and around the joint, lack of sensitivity to longitudinal change and missing specificity of joint space narrowing, and technical difficulties regarding reproducibility of positioning of the joints in longitudinal studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely applied in epidemiological studies and clinical trials. Computed tomography (CT) is an important additional tool that offers insight into high-resolution bony anatomical details and allows three-dimensional post-processing of imaging data, which is of particular importance for orthopaedic surgery planning. However, its major disadvantage is limitations in the assessment of soft tissue structures compared to MRI. CT arthrography can be useful in evaluation of focal cartilage defects or meniscal tears; however, its applicability may be limited due to its invasive nature. This chapter describes the roles and limitations of both conventional radiography and CT, including CT arthrography, in clinical practice and OA research. The emphasis is on OA of the knee, but other joints are also mentioned where appropriate.
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Book chapters on the topic "Radiographic changes"

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Faraz, Ahmad, Hamid Ashraf, Saifullah Khalid, and Razeen Fatima. "Foot Pressure Abnormalities, Radiographic, and Charcot Changes in the Diabetic Foot." In Diabetic Foot Ulcer. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7639-3_7.

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Reichel, H., and M. Hein. "Histological Changes of Cartilage and Subchondral Bone in Varus Gonarthrosis: Comparison with Radiographic and Macroscopic Findings." In Osteoarthritis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87752-0_7.

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Forster, E. "Organ (anatomatically) programmed units, automatic film changers and other specialized X-ray equipment." In Equipment for Diagnostic Radiography. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4930-0_11.

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Wilding, R. J. C., M. M. Ferguson, N. Parr, G. Mckellar, and B. K. Adams. "Changes in Bone Strength during Repair Predicted by Fractal Analysis of Radiographs." In Fractals in Biology and Medicine. Birkhäuser Basel, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8936-0_26.

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Stupin, David M. "Near-Real-Time Radiography Detects 0.1% Changes in Areal Density with 1-Millimeter Spatial Resolution." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0979-6_103.

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Katsuragawa, S., T. Uozumi, S. Kakeda, H. Watanabe, H. Nakata, and K. Doi. "Clinical usefulness of temporal subtraction technique for detection of interval changes on digital chest radiographs." In CARS 2002 Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56168-9_115.

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Hoover, Kevin B. "Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." In Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1, edited by Kevin B. Hoover. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938161.003.0031.

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Chapter 31 discusses juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), which is a heterogeneous disease of joint inflammation. Initial radiographic evaluation is useful for excluding other diseases. Radiographs are sensitive to late findings of JIA, but not early changes of JIA. The monitoring of chronic disease, however, relies on modalities that do not result in ionizing radiation and are more sensitive to changes in the skeletally immature patient. MRI and US are both safe imaging techniques, which can detect inflammation in joints that are not well evaluated by radiography and can better classify the disease. US can also be useful for guiding intraarticular injections.
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"Radiographic Changes of Crystal-Induced Arthropathies." In Crystal-Induced Arthropathies. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420020632-14.

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Christopher Aranha Watanabe, Plauto, Giovani Antonio Rodrigues, Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha, et al. "Bone Quality of the Dento-Maxillofacial Complex and Osteoporosis. Opportunistic Radiographic Interpretation." In Osteoporosis - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96487.

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Research suggests the use of different indexes on panoramic radiography as a way to assess BMD and to be able to detect changes in bone metabolism before fractures occur. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to describe the use of these parameters as an auxiliary mechanism in the detection of low bone mineral density, as well as to characterize the radiographic findings of patients with osteoporosis.
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Hayashi, Daichi, Ali Guermazi, and Frank W. Roemer. "Imaging of Erosive Osteoarthritis." In Musculoskeletal Imaging Volume 1, edited by Kevin B. Hoover. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190938161.003.0045.

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Chapter 45 discusses imaging of erosive osteoarthritis (EOA), a severe phenotype of osteoarthritis (OA) characterized by erosions and superimposed synovitis, most typically seen in women in the interphalangeal (IP) joints of the hand. Radiography is the primary imaging modality used in the diagnosis of EOA. EOA is distinguished from non-EOA based on the presence of erosions on radiography. US and MRI can be useful in detecting erosions, joint effusion, and active synovitis that may precede radiographic changes. The most common differential diagnosis of EOA is psoriatic arthritis (PsA), which exhibits additional characteristic imaging features such as bony proliferations and periostitis.
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Conference papers on the topic "Radiographic changes"

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Lockey, James E., Kari K. Dunning, Timothy J. Hilbert, et al. "Radiographic Changes Among Manufacturing Workers Exposed To Libby Vermiculite." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4698.

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Ying, D. D. "Reversibility of Radiographic Changes Post Electronic Cigarette Associated Lung Injury." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a7516.

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Ryan, Patrick H., Mark Dihle, Susan Griffin, et al. "Radiographic Changes Associated With Exposure To Erionite In Road Gravel In North Dakota." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a4821.

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Larson, TC, CA Meyer, VC Kapil, et al. "Retrospective Identification and Progression of Radiographic Changes among Workers with Libby Amphibole Exposure." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a5893.

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Spratley, Edward M., Erika A. Matheis, Curtis W. Hayes, Robert S. Adelaar, and Jennifer S. Wayne. "Patient Specific Modeling of a Stage II Flatfoot Population." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14165.

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Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) is a degenerative disease characterized by chronic changes in the joint alignment of the bones of the foot leading to significant pain and dysfunction. The hallmark of this disease is the functional loss in posterior tibialis tendon (PTT) strength though mechanical degradation of passive support structures of the foot have also been implicated, namely the spring ligament, talocalcaneal interosseous ligaments, fibers of the anterior deltoid, and the long and short plantar ligaments. [1] Clinically, AAFD patients present with midfoot collapse, forefoot abduction, and valgus tilting of the hindfoot and the magnitudes of these deformities are most often graded using plane radiographs in the mediolateral (ML), oblique anteroposterior (AP) and posteroanterior (PA) views. [1–3] The objective of this study was to develop a population of patient-matched rigid-body kinematic models using a standardized methodology that can be used to predict pathologic foot function with agreement between patient and model assessed through clinically relevant radiographic joint angles.
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Tawackoli, Wafa, Allen Burton, Larry Rhines, Ehud Mendel, and Michael Liebschner. "Towards Acoustic Vibration as a Diagnostic Tool for Spinal Fractures." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81976.

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The diagnostic tools for clinicians to detect vertebral body fractures are limited to radiation technologies1, such as X-ray and CT. The objective is to identify shape changes that reflect bone tissue failure. Because this method is subjective, only crude changes of 15% and more in vertebral height can be detected2. From in-vitro laboratory experiments it is know that the ultimate load is reached at deformations much less than 5%, and is generally detected before any shape changes are visible in radiographic images3. Acoustic vibration is a promising technique to detect changes in material integrity and quality. The overall goal of this study was to investigate the use of acoustic vibration to detect spinal fractures.
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Netravali, Nathan A., and Thomas P. Andriacchi. "Changes in Tibiofemoral Kinematics and Kinetics During Stair Ascent After Partial Medial Meniscectomy." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192515.

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Meniscectomy is a well-known risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA) in humans. It has been reported that total meniscectomy increases the risk of developing osteoarthritis radiographically by 14 times after 21 years [1] and that partial meniscectomy increases the risk of developing radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis within 16 years by a factor of four [2]. Two possible functional measures have been suggested as mechanisms for the development and progression of premature knee osteoarthritis: alterations in either kinematics or kinetics. Changes in kinematics, such as a shift in internal-external (IE) rotation after anterior cruciate ligament injury, have been suggested as a basis for an increased rate of cartilage thinning [3]. The other possible reason for the development of premature OA post-meniscectomy is a change in kinetics, the mechanical loading that occurs, particularly in the medial compartment [4]. The knee adduction moment has been associated with the rate of progression of osteoarthritis [5] and it has thus been suggested that the knee adduction moment is a good surrogate measure for in vivo load on the medial compartment osteoarthritis [6].
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Yilmaz, Zeynep Burcin, Peri Meram Arbak, Tugçe Pasin, Esma Uslu, Ege Güleç Balbay, and Öner Balbay. "Radiographic changes in patients with tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor and immunomodulatory drug users: Four years follow up." In ERS International Congress 2016 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2016.pa3812.

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Jiang, Feifei, Jie Chen, David E. Komatsu, and Shuning Li. "Healing Progress of Fractured Bone: A Longitudinal Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204787.

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In orthopedics research, assessment of fracture healing progress is vital for evaluating treatment strategies and drug effects. Currently, biomechanical testing represents the ‘gold standard’ for determining the extent of healing, with the parameters of stiffness and strength most often reported. Unfortunately, such testing requires destructive examination of samples, which allows healing to be checked at only one time-point per animal. Thus, evaluation of healing requires large sample sizes to achieve statistical power. In contrast, longitudinal studies of individual animals allows for self-comparison, which is more reliable, and can be used to evaluate bone healing as time elapses. Recently, longitudinal radiographic assessment of bone healing in rats, using parameters such the level of bone mineralization, morphological changes, and distribution of the mineralized bone, has been reported. However, the ability to quantify the biomechanical properties of healing bones based on longitudinal radiographic images provides an tremendous opportunity to increase the value of such studies.
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Lindsay, John T., and C. W. Kauffman. "Real Time Neutron Radiography Applications in Gas Turbine and Internal Combustion Engine Technology." In ASME 1988 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/88-gt-214.

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Real Time Neutron Radiography (RTNR) is rapidly becoming a valuable tool for nondestructive testing and basic research with a wide variety of applications in the field of engine technology. The Phoenix Memorial Laboratory (PML) at the University of Michigan has developed a RTNR facility and has been using this facility to study several phenomena that have direct application to internal combustion and gas turbine engines. These phenomena include; 1) the study of coking and debris deposition in several gas turbine nozzles (including the JT8D), 2) the study of lubrication problems in operating standard internal combustion engines and in operating automatic transmissions (1, 2, 3), 3) the location of lubrication blockage and subsequent imaging of the improvement obtained from design changes, 4) the imaging of sprays inside metallic structures in both a two-dimensional, standard radiographic manner (4, 5) and in a computer reconstructed, three-dimensional, tomographic manner (2, 3), and 5) the imaging of the fuel spray from an injector in a single cylinder diesel engine while the engine is operating. This paper will show via slides and real time video, the above applications of RTNR as well as other applications not directly related to gas turbine engines.
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