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Heaven, T. J., A. R. Firestone, and F. F. Feagin. "Quantitative Radiographic Measurement of Dentinal Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 1 (1990): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690010801.
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The purpose of this investigation was the comparison of the precision and accuracy of two reference ramp techniques for the quantification of radiographic density changes in teeth. Radiographs (65 kVp, 10 ma, 1 s, and intra-oral ultraspeed film) of transverse sections from extracted permanent human molars were made before and after dentinal lesions were created. Each radiograph contained the image of a tooth section and the aluminum reference ramp. Method A used the image of the ramp on both the before- and after-lesion radiographs, and method B used the image of the ramp only on the before-lesion radiograph. Three groups of lesions (0.525-mm diameter, n = 11; 0.675-mm diameter, n = 9; and the 0.525-mm holes enlarged to 0.675 mm) were measured radiographically by each technique and by direct planimetry of the lesions. Radiographic method B produced results in close agreement with the planimetric measurements. Method B differentiated (p<0.05) between groups that had a mean planimetric size difference of 0.10 mm (equivalent to a change in density difference of 0.6%). These density change measurements are in absolute units of mm of aluminum that can be compared between lesions and between samples. This technique may prove useful for the quantification of changes in mineral density of caries lesions detectable in longitudinal radiographic records.
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Shantiningsih, Rurie Ratna, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Biological changes after dental panoramic exposure: conventional versus digital." Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 51, no. 1 (2018): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v51.i1.p25-28.
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Background: Dental digital radiography is more practical and requires fewer doses of radiation than conventional radiography. Because ionizing radiation has a biological effect on exposed tissue, concerns regarding its stochastic effect merit greater attention. In a previous study, it was found that biological changes and increases in the micronucleus occurred after conventional panoramic exposure to gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference in biological effects after digital panoramic exposure compared with conventional exposure. Methods: Twenty subjects were classified into two groups according to the radiographic technique employed. The techniques consisted of ten subjects undergoing digital panoramic radiograph exposure and ten others being subjected to conventional exposure. GCF calculated in mm3 was collected by applying paper strips to the anterior maxillary labial gingival sulcus for one minute prior to and ten minutes after exposure. A micronucleus was obtained from a gingival smear on the same quadrant ten days after panoramic exposure. Results: There was a significant difference in the number of micronuclei between conventional and digital panoramic radiographs both before and after exposure (p=0.000). In contrast, increased GCF volume was not statistically significant (p=0.506) before or after digital panoramic exposure, while the significant difference of conventional panoramic exposure was p=0.017. Conclusion: Digital panoramic radiograph exposure induced a biological change only in terms of an increase in the number of micronuclei but not in the volume of GCF.
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Mathew, Anuna Laila, Amar A. Sholapurkar, and Keerthilatha M. Pai. "Condylar Changes and Its Association with Age, TMD, and Dentition Status: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Dentistry 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/413639.
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The present study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of radiographic changes in the condylar morphology and its association with age, clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and dentition status and also to evaluate the intra examiner and inter examiner reliability in assessing condylar changes using panoramic radiographs. A total of 75 subjects were recruited for the study. They were divided into 3 age groups. 20–40 yrs (Group A), 41–60 yrs (Group B) and 61 yrs and above (Group C). In each age group 25 subjects were evaluated both clinically and radiographically. The prevalence of radiographic changes in condylar morphology and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction was 81.3% and 18.6%, respectively. Radiographic abnormalities in the mandibular condylar morphology increased with age. They were seen more frequently in patients with clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction and in patients with loss of teeth. Intra examiner and inter examiner reliability was high indicating a good reliability in assessing the condylar changes using panoramic radiograph.
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Gunawan, Gunawan, Suhardjo Sitam, and Lusi Epsilawati. "Densitas tulang mandibula pengguna obat anti hipertensi calcium channel blocker (CCB) melalui radiograf panoramik." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i2.527.
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Objectives: The purpose of this research was to describe radiographic density of mandibular bone in calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users. Bone density in the mandible is assessed from the trabecular. Panoramic radiograph is a routine examination that is often done in dentistry that can be used to assess changes in quality in the form of changes in bone density in users of anti-hypertensive calcium channel blockers 
 Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive study of 21 panoramic radiographs of calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users aged 40-75 years. Panoramic radiograph archive density checks in the distal region of the foramen mentale and the mandibular angular region using software image j, with the final result was the percentage between bone and marrow. 
 Results: This research showed the average radiographic density in male using calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drugs was 18.81% and the average radiographic density in female was 20.92%. 
 Conclusion: Based on the results of the study found that the average radiographic density of female patients taking antihypertensive drugs calcium channel blockers was higher than male.
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Koo, Bon San, Yoonah Song, Kyung Bin Joo, Seunghun Lee, and Tae-Hwan Kim. "Radiologic Changes in the Symphysis Pubis of Male Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis." Journal of Rheumatology 43, no. 2 (2015): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.150711.
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Objective.We aimed to evaluate the involvement of the symphysis pubis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and to assess the correlations between symphysis pubis changes and clinical findings.Methods.We retrospectively evaluated a total of 222 male patients with AS who underwent pelvic and cervical/lumbar spine radiography at the Hanyang University Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases from August 2004 to February 2014. Radiographs were examined by 2 experienced radiologists, and radiographic damage was scored as follows: 0 (no damage), 1 (subtle irregularity and/or subchondral sclerosis), 2 (erosion), 3 (partial ankylosis), and 4 (total ankylosis). We evaluated the patients’ clinical characteristics and analyzed their correlations with radiographic symphysis pubis changes.Results.The mean patient age was 30.5 ± 8.3 years and mean disease duration was 7.1 ± 4.6 years; 105 patients (47.3%) exhibited radiologic damage in the symphysis pubis. Moreover, 75, 28, 0, and 2 patients had scores of 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. When comparing the normal (score 0) and abnormal (score 1–4) symphysis pubis groups, the latter had a longer symptom duration (10.1 ± 7.0 vs 7.6 ± 5.8 yrs, p = 0.004) and higher modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS; 18.6 ± 17.0 vs. 14.3 ± 13.4, p = 0.038). Moreover, a significant correlation was noted between the radiographic symphysis pubis damage score and mSASSS (r2 = 0.147, p = 0.029).Conclusion.Among male patients with AS, 47.3% exhibited symphysis pubis involvement. Moreover, a correlation was observed between the radiographic symphysis pubis and spine changes.
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Singh, Karan T., Diane Cosner, and Burton Ellis. "Radiographic Changes of Hyperparathyroidism." Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 37, no. 23 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000456510.71456.19.
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&NA;. "Radiographic Changes of Hyperparathyroidism." Contemporary Diagnostic Radiology 37, no. 23 (2014): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.cdr.0000456511.71456.50.
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MADELEY, N. J., A. B. STEPHEN, N. D. DOWNING, and T. R. C. DAVIS. "Changes in Scaphoid Bone Density after Acute Fracture." Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (2006): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.03.164.
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The radiographic density of the proximal fragments of 16 scaphoid fractures was assessed on scaphoid series radiographs taken at 6 to 12 weeks. In addition, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density in the distal radius and proximal and distal fracture fragments were performed at 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 12 weeks. Median reductions of 9% and 10% were observed in bone mineral density in the proximal fracture fragment and the distal radius respectively, but these did not correlate with the radiographic density of the proximal fragment. A greater median reduction in bone mineral density (27%) was observed in the distal fracture fragment and more bone loss occurred at this site when there was an apparent increase in the radiographic density of the proximal fragment (median fall of 0.23 g/cm2 versus 0.14 g/cm2). Thus, apparent increased radiographic density of the proximal fragment may be due to increased bone loss from the distal fragment.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.
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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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Derbyshire, Brian. "Correction of radiographic measurements of acetabular cup wear for variations in pelvis orientation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 232, no. 3 (2018): 299–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411918754924.
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Radiographic measurement of two-dimensional acetabular cup wear is usually carried out on a series of follow-up radiographs of the patient’s pelvis. Since the orientation of the pelvis might not be consistent at every X-ray examination, the resulting change in view of the wear plane introduces error into the linear wear measurement. This effect is amplified on some designs of cup in which the centre of the socket is several millimetres below the centre of the cup or circular wire marker. This study describes the formulation of a mathematical method to correct radiographic wear measurements for changes in pelvis orientation. A mathematical simulation of changes in cup orientation and wear vectors caused by pelvic tilt was used to confirm that the formulae corrected the wear exactly if the radiographic plane of the reference radiograph was parallel to the true plane of wear. An error analysis showed that even when the true wear plane was not parallel to the reference radiographic plane, the formulae could still provide a useful correction. A published correction formula was found to be ineffective.
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Stehlík, Ladislav, Pavel Proks, Petra Fedorová, and Alois Nečas. "Radiographic changes of the patellar ligament in dogs after tibial tuberosity advancement." Acta Veterinaria Brno 82, no. 2 (2013): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2754/avb201382020215.
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Patellar desmopathy in dogs after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy has been described in many studies. Tibial tuberosity advancement is a biomechanically different technique. It is assumed that the patellar ligament is loaded with little force similarly as after tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Various aspects related to secondary patellar desmopathy are not completely understood. This study deals with computed radiography measurement of patellar ligament thickness after tibial tuberosity advancement in dogs with cranial cruciate ligament rupture. The thickness of the patellar ligament in exactly predetermined locations was measured from mediolateral radiographs of stifle joints. A total of 18 dogs (20 knee joints) with cranial cruciate ligament (ligamentum cruciatum craniale) rupture underwent three radiographic examinations of the knee (preoperative examination and control examination 7 and 15 weeks after the surgery). Significant difference was found between the thickness of the patellar ligament in the first and second examinations. Some of the demographic factors possibly related to patellar ligament thickness (age, sex, body weight, type of cranial cruciate ligament rupture, arthrotomy, cage size, meniscal injury, time between surgery and radiographic examination) were analyzed. However, statistical analyses did not show any effect of these factors on the thickness of the patellar ligament, except for the time between surgery and radiographic examination. These findings can extend the surgeons’ knowledge of biomechanical aspects of tibial tuberosity advancement.
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Kim, Choo-Won, Alla Godelman, Vineet R. Jain, Avraham Merav, and Linda B. Haramati. "Postlobectomy Chest Radiographic Changes: A Quantitative Analysis." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 62, no. 4 (2011): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2010.12.005.
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Purpose To provide a quantative analysis of postlobectomy chest radiographic changes and to evaluate whether the scarring from prior sternotomy affects the size of the hemithorax and the duration of air leak in patients with subsequent lobectomy. Methods In this retrospective case-controlled series, 10 consecutive patients who had a lobectomy after a prior sternotomy and 30 controls, 3 for each case, matched for lobectomy site were identified. Pre- and postoperative chest radiographs were quantitatively analysed for diaphragmic elevation, size of each hemithorax, mediastinal shift, and the presence of pneumothorax. Charts were reviewed for air-leak duration, surgical complications, and duration of hospitalization. Results There was no difference between patients with lobectomy and with and without prior sternotomy for the following variables expressed as mean (SD): hemidiaphragm elevation (1.5 ± 2.5 vs 0.5 ± 2.0 cm; P = .2), change of hemithorax size (mean transverse, 0.99 ± 0.05 vs 0.97 ± 0.07; P = .5; craniocaudal, 0.93 ± 0.08 vs 0.91 ± 0.08; P = .4) and mediastinal shift (upper, 1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.3 ± 0.6; P = .5; lower, 1.2 ± 0.4 vs 1.2 ± 0.3; P = .8), the latter 2 were expressed as the ratio of post- to preoperative measurements. These postlobectomy radiographic findings varied, depending on the resected lobe, and became progressively more pronounced during the first 12 months after surgery. There was no difference in pneumothorax duration (mean [SD]) (9.5 ± 21 days vs 6.4 ± 7.5 days; P = .5), air leak duration (mean [SD]) (0.7 ± 0.8 days vs 1.3 ± 3.9 days; P = .6), complication rate (20% vs 30%; P = .5), or hospital stay (mean [SD]) (6.0 ± 1.7 days vs 6.9 ± 4.7 days; P = .6). Conclusion There are specific patterns of volume loss, mediastinal shift, and hemidiaphragm displacement that can be quantified on postlobectomy chest radiographs. Prior sternotomy did not affect postlobectomy radiographic changes or patient outcome.
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Kaleem, Sultan Mohammed, Asif Sheik, Muhammad Ajmal, Muhammad Shahul Hameed, and Master Luqman. "Conventional Radiographic Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Young Saudi Patients: A Retrospective and Prospective Radiographic Study." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 2, no. 2 (2013): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1045.
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ABSTRACT Objective The objective of the study is to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders in young Saudi patients in Southern Aseer Region of the province and to find out the diagnostic efficacy of conventional radiography as basic diagnostic tool. Materials and methods A random sample of 200 patient radiographic data was collected in which 60 radiographs showing osseous changes are taken as study group. The patients in this study group are then recalled for clinical correlation of the radiographic findings along with the assessment of clinical signs and symptoms, sticking on to the research diagnostic criteria. Results There was no statistical difference in age groups and gender of the population and 14 patients (21.87%) showed clinical symptoms like clicking and pain in the preauricular region, correlating to the radiographic findings. mostly young female patients reported to have TMJ related symptoms (29.68%) whose radiographic findings correlate with that of clinical symptoms. Conclusion According to our knowledge, highest prevalence rate of TMDs is found in young Saudi females and is around 43% and 35% in young Saudi males. The sensitivity of conventional radiographs in diagnosing TMDs is 78.12% and specificity is 21.8%. How to cite this article Kaleem SM, Sheik A, Ajmal M, Hameed MS, Luqman M. Conventional Radiographic Assessment of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Young Saudi Patients: A Retrospective and Prospective Radiographic Study. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2013;2(2):76-81.
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Dos Santos Barroco, Rui, Bruno Rodrigues de Miranda, Leticia Zaccaria Prates de Oliveira, Mahmoud Beerens Abdul Ghani Abdul Ghani, Antonio Candido de Paula Neto, and Douglas Hideki Ikeuti. "PO 18271 - New method for the radiographic evaluation of metatarsal rotation in hallux valgus." Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 13, Supl 1 (2019): 60S. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2019.v13.1055.
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Introduction: Hallux valgus involves, in addition to I/II intermetatarsal angle deviation, a rotational deformity of the first metatarsal bone and its sesamoids in relation to the ground. The correction of the rotation is the objective of new and recently developed surgical techniques. Objective: To describe a radiographic method that can help predict changes resulting from metatarsal rotational correction and facilitate surgical planning. Methods: We acquired radiographs in a weight-bearing anteroposterior position in patients with flexible hallux valgus while asking the patient to actively extend the toes. We compared the weight-bearing radiographs with and without the toe extension maneuver. In addition to radiography, we performed computed tomography (CT) of the nonweight-bearing active toe extension maneuver using a support platform. To measure the changes, we used the classification of Coughlin and Smith et al. Results: We observed clinical and radiographic correction, both angular and rotational, by measuring the intermetatarsal angle and sesamoid position. The changes were confirmed by CT, which showed improvement in the intermetatarsal angle, sesamoid position and metatarsophalangeal range. Discussion: The toe extension maneuver was described as a peroneus longus tendon activation test by Klemola et al., who used it to demonstrate rotational clinical correction of hallux valgus. Here, we described a radiographic method based on this principle to observe the correction power of and factors involved in metatarsal derotation using a preoperative radiographic technique. Conclusion: The method clearly demonstrated the capacity for the correction of preoperative hallux derotation in various planes, thus helping to predict the clinical, angular and rotational outcomes of surgical treatment.
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Reddy, Michael S., and I.-Chung Wang. "Radiographic Determinants of Implant Performance." Advances in Dental Research 13, no. 1 (1999): 136–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374990130010301.
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This paper reviews and compares the strengths and weaknesses of radiographic techniques including periapical, occlusal, panoramic, direct digital, motion tomography, and computed tomography. Practical considerations for each method, including availability and accessibility, are discussed. To date, digital subtraction radiography is the most versatile and sensitive method for measuring boss loss. It can detect both bone height and bone mass changes on root-form or blade-form dental implants. Criteria for implant success have changed substantially over the past two decades. In clinical trials of dental implants, the outcomes require certain radiographic analyses to address the hypothesis or clinical question adequately. Radiographic methods best suited to the objective assessment of implant performance and hypothesis were reviewed.
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BERTAMINO, MARTA, FEDERICA ROSSI, ANGELA PISTORIO, et al. "Development and Initial Validation of a Radiographic Scoring System for the Hip in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 2 (2009): 432–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090691.
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Objective. To develop and validate a radiographic scoring system for the assessment of radiographic damage in the hip joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods. The Childhood Arthritis Radiographic Score of the Hip (CARSH) assesses and scores these radiographic abnormalities: joint space narrowing (JSN), erosion, growth abnormalities, subchondral cysts, malalignment, sclerosis of the acetabulum, and avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Score validation was accomplished by evaluating reliability and correlational, construct, and predictive validity in 148 JIA patients with hip disease who had a total of 381 hip radiographs available for study.Results. JSN was the most frequently observed radiographic abnormality, followed by erosion and sclerosis of the acetabulum. The least common abnormalities were avascular necrosis, growth abnormalities, and malalignment. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability on baseline and longitudinal score values and on score changes was good, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.76 to 0.98. Early score changes, but not absolute baseline score values, were moderately correlated (rs > 0.4) with clinical indicators of disease damage at last followup observation, thereby demonstrating that the CARSH has good construct and predictive validity. The amount of structural damage in the hip radiograph at last followup observation was predicted better by baseline to 1-year score change (rs = 0.66; p < 0.0001) than by absolute baseline score values (rs = 0.40; p = 0.002).Conclusion. Our results show that the CARSH is reliable and valid for the assessment of radiographic hip damage and its progression in patients with JIA.
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Anderson, K., C. P. McSharry, and G. Boyd. "Radiographic changes in humidifier fever." Thorax 40, no. 4 (1985): 312–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thx.40.4.312.
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Tullberg, Tycho, Jonas Rydberg, and Johan Isacsson. "Radiographic Changes After Lumbar Discectomy." Spine 18, no. 7 (1993): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199306000-00006.
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Damayanti, Merry Annisa, Azhari Azhari, and Lusi Epsilawati. "Evaluasi gambaran radiografi CBCT fraktur kepala kondilus pada anak." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 4, no. 3 (2020): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i3.623.
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Objectives: was to evaluate the radiographic of CBCT fractures in the neck of condyle
 Case Report: 11 years old boy was referred from the emergency department of RSGM UNPAD for CBCT radiographic examination with a suspected clinical diagnosis of left condyle fracture. The patient had an accident falling while playing one day ago. The patient complained of pain in the left ear, pain when opening the mouth and experiencing facial asymmetry. The CBCT radiograph shows a fragment of the condyle head and has a medial displacement
 Conclusion: CBCT can see the fragments' location in the fracture and changes in size and position direction that occur, whereas conventional radiographs are very difficult to see the condition.
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Tuite, Gerald F., Stephen E. Doran, Joseph D. Stern, et al. "Outcome after laminectomy for lumbar spinal stenosis." Journal of Neurosurgery 81, no. 5 (1994): 707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1994.81.5.0707.
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✓ The pre- and postoperative lumbar spine radiographs of 119 patients who underwent decompressive lumbar laminectomy were studied to evaluate radiographic changes and to correlate them with clinical outcome. An accurate and reproducible method was used for measuring pre- and postoperative radiographs that were separated by an average interval of 4.6 years. Levels of the spine that underwent laminectomy showed greater change in spondylolisthesis, disc space angle, and disc space height than unoperated levels. Outcome correlated with radiographic changes at operated and unoperated levels. This study demonstrates that radiographic changes are greater at operated than at unoperated levels and that some postoperative symptoms do correlate with these changes. Lumbar fusion should be considered in some patients who undergo decompressive laminectomy. The efficacy of and unequivocal indications for lumbar fusion can only be determined from randomized, prospective, controlled trials, however, and these studies have not yet been undertaken.
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Stenlund, B., O. Marions, K. F. Engström, and I. Goldie. "Correlation of Macroscopic Osteoarthrotic Changes and Radiographic Findings in the Acromioclavicular Joint." Acta Radiologica 29, no. 5 (1988): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518802900516.
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In a total of 108 acromioclavicular articulations from cadavers the osteoarthrotic changes were studied. The articulations were macroscopically and radiographically ranked according to their grade of osteoarthrosis. The two ranking lines were correlated statistically and showed a rank correlation of 0.741. In 38 articulations tomography was also carried out. These articulations were classified into five grades of osteoarthrosis and the macroscopic, conventional radiographic and tomographic gradings were compared. The correlation coefficient for tomography versus macroscopy was 0.714. Tomography versus standard radiography showed a correlation of 0.767 and standard radiography versus macroscopy a correlation of 0.841. The standard radiographic investigation reveals moderate and severe osteoarthrotic changes in the acromioclavicular joint but cannot depict smaller changes. Tomography does not seem to improve the specificity. There is a need for a better radiologic technique in the examination of the acromioclavicular joint. Radiography during some kind of loading might be a practical way of improving the specificity and make it possible to show early osteoarthrosis in the acromioclavicular articulation.
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Smith, Douglas G., Brett C. Barnes, Andrew K. Sands, Edward J. Boyko, and Jessie H. Ahroni. "Prevalence of Radiographic Foot Abnormalities in Patients with Diabetes." Foot & Ankle International 18, no. 6 (1997): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079701800606.
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Clinicians are increasingly aware that mechanical aspects of foot deformities, such as Charcot changes, clawtoes, bunion deformities, or cavus or planus foot deformities, might have an impact on the occurrence, potential healing, and recurrence of foot ulcers. We report the prevalence of plain radiographic changes and attempt to rate the severity of those deformities in the feet of 456 diabetic veteran medicine clinic enrollees. All 456 radiographs were reviewed by orthopaedic surgeons to specifically identify Charcot changes, presence of arterial calcification, dislocation of the lesser toe metatarsophalangeal joints, hallux interphalangeal joint dislocation, and radiographic evidence of previous surgery. Radiographs of 428 patients were taken while weightbearing, and these were reviewed to quantify hallux valgus angles, intermetatarsal 1–2 angles, fifth metatarsalproximal phalangeal angles, second metatarsal lengths, lateral talocalcaneal and talar-first metatarsal angles, and claw toe deformities. The prevalence of Charcot changes was 1.4% (six subjects), and all had radiographic evidence of midfoot Charcot changes. Other deformities, such as clawtoes, hallux valgus, lesser toe joint dislocations, and alterations in arch height, are more common in veterans with diabetes.
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BOONEN, ANNELIES, BERT vander CRUYSSEN, KURT de VLAM, et al. "Spinal Radiographic Changes in Ankylosing Spondylitis: Association with Clinical Characteristics and Functional Outcome." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 6 (2009): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080831.
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Objective.To determine which patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) have radiographic spinal damage and to investigate the relation between radiographic spinal changes and limitations in physical function.Methods.A cross-sectional nationwide study in Belgium of patients with AS under the care of a rheumatologist. The treating physician completed a questionnaire including clinical disease manifestations and laboratory findings (HLA-B27 and C-reactive protein), and classified spinal radiographs into 3 categories: (1) no AS-related spinal abnormalities; (2) syndesmophytes; and (3) spinal ankylosis. Patients completed the Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath AS Functional Index (BASFI). Ordinal regressions were performed to quantify the relationship between clinical manifestations and spinal radiographic changes. Generalized linear models were computed to quantify relationships among clinical manifestations, radiographic spinal changes, and functioning (BASFI).Results.A total of 619 patients fulfilled modified New York criteria for definite AS and had evaluable radiographic data; 68% were male and disease duration was 17.5 (SD 12.2) years. Male sex, younger age at symptom onset, and hip involvement were associated with radiographic changes; but HLA-B27, peripheral arthritis, and extraarticular disease status (uveitis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease) were not. Older age, BASDAI, hip involvement, and spinal change contributed to BASFI; but sex, disease duration, peripheral arthritis, and extraarticular manifestations did not.Conclusion.Radiographic spinal changes in patients with AS are seen more often in men and those with hip involvement. BASFI status indicates the influence of radiographic changes and hip involvement, but does not reflect the presence of peripheral arthritis and does not differ between men and women.
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BICKERSTAFF, D. R., D. P. O’DOHERTY, and J. A. KANIS. "Radiographic Changes in Algodystrophy of the Hand." Journal of Hand Surgery 16, no. 1 (1991): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(91)90126-9.
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It is not certain to what extent the radiographic features of post-traumatic algodystrophy can be differentiated from disuse atrophy following trauma. A semi-quantitative scoring system has been devised, grading the dominant features seen on radiography in both conditions following Colles’ fracture. The technique had intra- and inter-observer errors of 14% and 17% respectively. When applied prospectively 7 weeks after Colles’ fractures, there was a significantly greater score in patients with algodystrophy (p < 0.001) than those without. Analysis of the scores was performed to identify a score for the optimal identification of algodystrophy. At a score of four or greater, 87.5% of patients with algodystrophy were positively identified with a positive predictive value of 83%. It is suggested that use of this scoring system will aid in the early diagnosis of algodystrophy.
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Siela, Debra. "Chest Radiograph Evaluation and Interpretation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 19, no. 4 (2008): 444–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2008-4010.
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Chest imaging is an important tool in managing critically ill patients. Basic chest radiology is still used to quickly detect abnormalities in the chest. Critical care nurses are often the ones who first read the radiologist’s report of chest radiograph results and provide their interpretation to a physician. Oftentimes, chest radiographs are obtained routinely on a daily basis for every critical care patient, with the goal of effective clinical management. Critical care nurses can confirm cardiopulmonary assessment findings by also evaluating their patient’s chest radiographs and reviewing the radiologist’s report. By learning some basic skills in interpreting and evaluating chest radiographs, nurses can recognize and localize gross pathologic changes visible on a chest radiograph. This article provides basic chest radiograph interpretation information that allows readers to review relevant anatomy and physiology, summarize normal and abnormal findings on chest radiographs, and describe radiographic findings in common pulmonary and cardiac disorders.
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Jansen, Mylène P., Simon C. Mastbergen, Felix Eckstein, Ronald J. van Heerwaarden, Sander Spruijt, and Floris P. J. G. Lafeber. "Comparison between 2D radiographic weight-bearing joint space width and 3D MRI non-weight-bearing cartilage thickness measures in the knee using non-weight-bearing 2D and 3D CT as an intermediary." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 12 (January 2021): 204062232110378. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223211037868.
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Background: In knee osteoarthritis, radiographic joint space width (JSW) is frequently used as a surrogate marker for cartilage thickness; however, longitudinal changes in radiographic JSW have shown poor correlations with those of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cartilage thickness. There are fundamental differences between the techniques: radiographic JSW represents two-dimensional (2D), weight-bearing, bone-to-bone distance, while on MRI three-dimensional (3D) non-weight-bearing cartilage thickness is measured. In this exploratory study, computed tomography (CT) was included as a third technique, as it can measure bone-to-bone under non-weight-bearing conditions. The objective was to use CT to compare the impact of weight-bearing versus non-weight-bearing, as well as bone-to-bone JSW versus actual cartilage thickness, in the knee. Methods: Osteoarthritis patients ( n = 20) who were treated with knee joint distraction were included. Weight-bearing radiographs, non-weight-bearing MRIs and CTs were acquired before and 2 years after treatment. The mean radiographic JSW and cartilage thickness of the most affected compartment were measured. From CT, the 3D median JSW was calculated and a 2D projectional image was rendered, positioned similarly and measured identically to the radiograph. Pearson correlations between the techniques were derived, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Results: Fourteen patients could be analyzed. Cross-sectionally, all comparisons showed moderate to strong significant correlations (R = 0.43–0.81; all p < 0.05). Longitudinal changes over time were small; only the correlations between 2D CT and 3D CT (R = 0.65; p = 0.01) and 3D CT and MRI (R = 0.62; p = 0.02) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The poor correlation between changes in radiographic JSW and MRI cartilage thickness appears primarily to result from the difference in weight-bearing, and less so from measuring bone-to-bone distance versus cartilage thickness.
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Pérez-Manrique, Lucia, Karina León-Pérez, Emmanuel Zamora-Sánchez, et al. "Prevalence and Distribution of Lesions in the Nasal Bones and Mandibles of a Sample of 144 Riding Horses." Animals 10, no. 9 (2020): 1661. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091661.
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Restrictive nosebands are used in equestrian sports to hold the bit in place and reduce mouth-opening, a response that can attract penalties in some sports and is thought to reduce the rider’s control of the horse. Sustained pressure from such tightly fitted (restrictive) nosebands denies normal behaviour and thus, causes frustration and distress that can jeopardise horse welfare. It also may push the cheek against the molar teeth, compress soft tissues including blood vessels and nerves, and possibly induce chronic changes to underlying bone. This study of mature cavalry horses (n = 144) was designed to explore relationships between visual and palpable damage to structures that underlie the nosebands of horses and any related bony changes in those horses as evidenced by radiography. Working independently of each other, two researchers inspected the horses for visual changes and palpable changes before the horses were radiographed. The radiographs were assessed by a separate pair of veterinary radiologists, again working independently of each other. Among the current population of horses, 37.5% had one or more radiographic changes to the nasal bones according to both radiologists, and 13.8% had one or more radiographic changes to the mandible. For nasal bones, the two radiologists reported bone deposition in 6.9% and 8.3% of the horses and bone thinning in 33.3% and 56.9% of the horses, respectively. By palpation, they found that 82% and 84% of the horses had palpable bone deposition of the nasal bones and 32% and 33.4% had palpable bone thinning. For the mandibles, the radiologists reported increased bone deposition in 18.8% and 32.6% of the horses but no bone thinning. By palpation, the two examiners reported 30.6% and 32.7% of the horses had palpable bone deposition and 10.4% and 11.1% had palpable bone thinning. This is the first report of lesions to the mandible at this site and this article presents the first confirmation of bony lesions at the site typically subjected to pressure from restrictive nosebands. These results suggest that radiographic bone thinning is more apparent in the nasal bones of riding horses than in the mandible and that both palpable and radiographic bone deposition are more likely in the mandible than in the nasal bones. That said, we note that the current study provides no evidence of a causal link between any piece of gear or its putative tightness and the lesions in these anatomical locations. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for these clusters of lesions. The inadvertent deformation of bones in the horse’s head for competitive advantage is difficult to justify on ethical grounds.
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Hagino, Hiroshi, Kichizo Yamamoto, Ryota Teshima, and Hideaki Kishimoto. "Sequential radiographic changes of metacarpal osteonecrosis." Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 61, no. 1 (1990): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17453679008993075.
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LANGLOIS, SUZANNE LE P., R. HEATH, and A. LIAN-LLOYD. "Radiographic Changes Associated with Cigarette Smoking." Australasian Radiology 31, no. 4 (1987): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1987.tb01853.x.
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Wigger, A., B. Tellhelm, M. Zwick, et al. "Observer variability and sensitivity of radiographic diagnosis of canine medial coronoid disease." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 39, no. 05 (2011): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623595.
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Summary Objective: Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a very common form of elbow joint disease and it’s radiographic diagnosis can be challenging since it is frequently based on the detection of rather subtle primary or secondary changes than on a large primary lesion. We hypothesized that accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of MCD is highly dependent on training and experience level. Methods: Radiographs of 102 canine elbows were evaluated for MCD by four observers with different levels of training and experience. All elbows underwent CT scans and arthroscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of radiographic and CT interpretation was determined using arthroscopy as a gold standard. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement (reliability and repeatability) were assessed by using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) statistic. Results: The sensitivity (92.4–96.7%) of the two experienced observers was almost comparable to that of CT (100%) and significantly higher than that of the two less experienced observers (77.2–80.4%). Reliability of the radiographic diagnosis of MCD was better between observers with higher experience level (κ = 0.74) than between observers of lower or different experience levels (κ =0.07–0.42). Repeatability was better in experienced (κ = 0.73–0.88) than in less experienced observers (κ = 0.31–0.42). Conclusion: Our results confirm that training and experience play important roles in reaching high sensitivity, reliability and repeatability for the radiographic diagnosis of MCD. Clinical relevance: Although radiography is inferior to CT in imaging of the medial coronoid process itself, sensitivity of radiographic diagnosis MCD can be significantly improved with observer experience almost reaching that of CT. Therefore, it is advised that radiographic screening for MCD should be performed by specialists experienced in the radiographic evaluation of elbow joint disease.
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Le Graverand, M.-P. Hellio, R. J. Buck, B. T. Wyman, et al. "Change in regional cartilage morphology and joint space width in osteoarthritis participants versus healthy controls: a multicentre study using 3.0 Tesla MRI and Lyon–Schuss radiography." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, no. 01 (2008): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.099762.
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Objective:Cartilage morphology displays sensitivity to change in osteoarthritis (OA) with quantitative MRI (qMRI). However, (sub)regional cartilage thickness change at 3.0 Tesla (T) has not been directly compared with radiographic progression of joint space narrowing in OA participants and non-arthritic controls.Methods:A total of 145 women were imaged at 7 clinical centres: 86 were non-obese and asymptomatic without radiographic OA and 55 were obese with symptomatic and radiographic OA (27 Kellgren–Lawrence grade (KLG)2 and 28 KLG3). Lyon–Schuss (LS) and fixed flexion (FF) radiographs were obtained at baseline, 12 and 24 months, and coronal spoiled gradient echo MRI sequences at 3.0 T at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months. (Sub)regional, femorotibial cartilage thickness and minimum joint space width (mJSW) in the medial femorotibial compartment were measured and the standardised response means (SRMs) determined.Results:At 6 months, qMRI demonstrated a −3.7% “annualised” change in cartilage thickness (SRM −0.33) in the central medial femorotibial compartment (cMFTC) of KLG3 subjects, but no change in KLG2 subjects. The SRM for mJSW in 12-month LS/FF radiographs of KLG3 participants was −0.68/−0.13 and at 24 months was −0.62/−0.20. The SRM for cMFTC changes measured with qMRI was −0.32 (12 months; −2.0%) and −0.48 (24 months; −2.2%), respectively.Conclusions:qMRI and LS radiography detected significant change in KLG3 participants at high risk of progression, but not in KLG2 participants, and only small changes in controls. At 12 and 24 months, LS displayed greater, and FF less, sensitivity to change in KLG3 participants than qMRI.
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Mehta, Vishal M., Liz W. Paxton, Stefan X. Fornalski, Rick P. Csintalan, and Donald C. Fithian. "Reliability of the International Knee Documentation Committee Radiographic Grading System." American Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 6 (2007): 933–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546507299742.
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Background The International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) forms are commonly used to measure outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The knee examination portion of the IKDC forms includes a radiographic grading system to grade degenerative changes. The interrater and intrarater reliability of this radiographic grading system remain unknown. Hypothesis We hypothesize that the IKDC radiographic grading system will have acceptable interrater and intrarater reliability. Study Design Case series (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 4. Methods Radiographs of 205 ACL-reconstructed knees were obtained at 5-year follow-up. Specifically, weightbearing posteroanterior radiographs of the operative knee in 35° to 45° of flexion and a lateral radiograph in 30° of flexion were used. The radiographs were independently graded by 2 sports medicine fellowship—trained orthopaedic surgeons using the IKDC 2000 standard instructions. One surgeon graded the same radiographs 6 months apart, blinded to patient and prior IKDC grades. The percentage agreement was calculated for each of the 5 knee compartments as defined by the IKDC. Interrater reliability was evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) 2-way mixed effect model with absolute agreement. The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient (rs) was applied to evaluate intrarater reliability. Results The interrater agreement between the 2 surgeons was 59% for the medial joint space (ICC = 0.46; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.35-0.56), 54% for the lateral joint space (ICC = 0.45; 95% CI = 0.27-0.58), 49% for the patellofemoral joint (ICC = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.26-0.52), 63% for the anterior joint space (ICC = 0.20; 95% CI = 0.05-0.34), and 44% for the posterior joint space (ICC = 0.28; 95% CI = 0.15-0.40). The intrarater agreement was 83% for the medial joint space (rs = .77, P < .001), 86% for the lateral joint space (rs = .76, P < .001), 81% for the patellofemoral joint (rs = .79, P < .001), 91% for the anterior joint space (rs = .48, P < .001), and 69% for the posterior joint space (rs = .64, P < .001). Conclusions While intrarater reliability was acceptable, interrater reliability was poor. These findings suggest that multiple raters may score the same radiographs differently using the IKDC radiographic grading system. The use of a single rater to grade all radiographs when using the IKDC radiographic grading system maximizes reliability.
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Hodgson, Richard, Richard G. McWilliams, Alistair Simpson, et al. "Migration versus Apparent Migration: Importance of Errors Due to Positioning Variation in Plain Radiographic Follow-up of Aortic Stent-Grafts." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000509.
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Purpose: To demonstrate the influence of radiographic positioning on the assessment of stent-graft migration using plain radiographs following endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Methods: Equations were derived to correct for artifactual stent-graft migration introduced by geometric distortion due to variations in positioning between radiographs acquired at different times. A phantom system was used to validate the equations. Results: Errors in stent position increase with (1) the distance of the aortic stent-graft from the midline and (2) differences in radiographic centering points in the craniocaudal direction; other variables have little effect. For typical stent positions, errors are small if the centering changes by <8 cm. Consistent radiographic positioning to within 4 cm on successive imaging studies limits errors to 1.5 mm. Even if artifactual migration is large, the true migration can be reliably calculated to within 2 mm. Conclusions: Artifactual migration due to variation in radiographic centering is not usually clinically significant if care is taken to center radiographs consistently. Radiographs in which artifactual migration may be important are readily identified, and mathematical correction is straightforward.
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Van der Stelt, P. F. "Modern Radiographic Methods in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease." Advances in Dental Research 7, no. 2 (1993): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374930070020601.
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For many years, radiographs have been a valuable aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease and the evaluation of treatment effects. Computer-based image acquisition and processing techniques will now further increase the importance of radiography in periodontal diagnosis. Temporal changes of lesions can be made easily visible by means of subtraction radiography based on digital images. This process requires a pair of images with identical gray-level distributions and projection geometry. The gray-level distribution and perspective projection of images can be corrected by means of digital image processing. A pair of identical images can thus be obtained without mechanical alignment of patient, film, and x-ray source. Algorithms have been developed for automatical determination of the borders of lesions and can subsequently produce quantitative information ranging from simple distance measurements to advanced multidimensional quantitation of image parameters. Accurate volume measurements can be carried out by the utilization of calibration wedges in the image. Image reconstruction procedures, such as tomosynthesis, provide information about the third dimension, which is normally lost in conventional radiographic projections. The buccal and lingual sites of the alveolar crest can be inspected separately. The progress of computer-aided procedures as discussed in this paper appears to have great potential for the improvement of the radiographic diagnosis of periodontal lesions. Especially, the benefits of reproducibility and quantitative evaluation of treatment effects will greatly improve the role of radiography in periodontics.
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Junior, Antonio Carlos Cunha Lacreta, Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira, José Augusto Pereira Carneiro Muniz, Mariana Avelino de Souza Santos, Thâmira Mota, and Luthesco Haddad Lima Chalfun. "Bone Radiographic Changes in Slaughter Buffalos with Low Body Condition Index." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 45, no. 1 (2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.80472.
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Background: The largest buffalo herd in Brazil is located on the Island of Marajó, in the State of Pará, northern Brazil. The pastures of the Island of Marajó consist of low quality graminaceous plants, which are generally poor in protein and mineral content. Unbalanced diets associated with low quality pastures are responsible for latent, sub-clinical diseases and metabolic disorders in bovines which affect bone health, especially in periods such as pregnancy and lactation. The purpose of this study was to point out and to describe the radiographic bone changes of buffalos with low body index bred in extensive system and intended for slaughter on the Island of Marajó, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Radiographic examinations of anatomical pieces were obtained from 34 animals of buffalo species, with no distinction of gender, age, or breed. The animals were selected among those that were in the stockyard waiting for slaughtering for the obtainment of the anatomical pieces. For this selection, low physical condition was considered, which mainly included individuals with body condition indexes (ICC) of 1 and 2, on a scale of 1 to 5. From this selection, 98 anatomical pieces were obtained, which included: 28 sets of ribs, 20 femurs, 26 metacarpus, 7 mandibles, 3 radius and ulnas, 4 sets of vertebrae, 4 sets of metacarpus and phalanges, 1 tarsus and 1 set of tarsus and metatarsus. All the pieces were separated, identified, packed in plastic bag and forwarded to the radiographic study. At least one radiographic projection was obtained of each anatomical piece. These were identified, manually processed and stored for subsequent assessment. A single observer, in order to identify and to describe the bone radiographic changes, subjectively performed the radiographic assessment.Discussion: Bone changes were remarkable and in animals of this study, reinforcing the nutritional aspect as being of great importance for the perfect mineral homeostasis and for the osteoarticular system maintenance. Consistent radiographic findings with osteopenia are most often related to nutritional disorders that affect bone metabolism, mainly involving the homeostasis of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The nutritional hyperparathyroidism, more commonly reported in dogs, cats and exotic animals is a common example of these affections, in which the bone radiopacity reduction is the most evident radiographic aspect. Copper (Cu) deficiency has been correlated with osteochondrosis, epiphyseal fracture of the femoral head and degenerative arthropathy of the hip joint, and erosion of the articular cartilage in a deer (Cervu selaphus). Degenerative arthropathy through radiographs was also found in this study. From the bone radiographic analysis, it is concluded that the osteodystrophic diseases of buffalos raised in pasture system on the Island of Marajó, Pará, Brazil, present a variety of pathological conditions and the most commonly found were: osteoporosis characterized at the radiographic examination for the bone decreased radiopacity, change in bone trabeculae (medullary expansion) and cortical thinning, followed by pathological fractures with high incidence in the ribs. The low body condition, the underdevelopment and cachexia states of the animals in this study indicate the lack of an appropriate prophylactic conduct and a proper feed management. Therefore, the low reserves of P and Cu in the organism may have contributed to the osteoporotic process and, possibly, also to the protein-energy deficit, leading to secondary bone changes and causing a lack of productivity in the herd.
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Vittetoe, David A., Charles L. Saltzman, James C. Krieg, and Thomas D. Brown. "Validity and Reliability of the First Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle." Foot & Ankle International 15, no. 10 (1994): 541–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079401501004.
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A laboratory study was undertaken to quantify the validity, the intra- and interobserver reliability, and the effect of first metatarsal orientation on the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). First metatarsals from six cadavers were isolated by sharp dissection and attached to a custom-made triplanar protractor. This allowed controlled positioning of the first metatarsal in the three cardinal planes. Each specimen was moved through a stepwise sequence of first metatarsal orientation changes. Radiographs were taken at each position. The distal (metatarsophalangeal) articular surface of the first metatarsal was then circumscribed with metallic paint and the radiographic series was repeated. DMAA measurements were made on each radiograph multiple times by two measurers blinded to the parameters of variation. The difference between the standard (clinical) radiographic technique for estimating the DMAA and the metallic paint DMAA averaged −0.9° (SD = 2.4°). Longitudinal rotation ( P < .0001) and varus deviation (P < .02 at 10°) of the first metatarsal had a significant effect on the radiographic determination of the DMAA. Although intraobserver reliability for DMAA measurement was high, interobserver reliability for the clinical technique of measurement was poor (pooled intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.14).
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Kerrigan, Alicia, and Waleed Kishta. "Radiographic Analysis of Surgically Treated Flatfoot Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00285.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Pes planovalgus is the most common foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Many of these patients become functionally limited and require surgical intervention. The objectives of this study are to apply previously validated radiographic parameters to radiographs of children with CP who have undergone surgical intervention for pes planovalgus deformity and to assess if these radiographic parameters show improvements post-operatively. Furthermore, this study aims to determine which of these parameters can most accurately be used to quantify correction post-surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients aged five to 17 with a diagnosis of CP who underwent lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for pes planovalgus between 2006 and 2015 at London Health Sciences Center. The previously validated radiographic measurements were applied to pre-operative and post-operative radiographs. A normality test was performed to observe whether participants were normally distributed with regard to the severity of their deformity. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare changes in radiographic measurements from before and after surgery. Results: Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age of selected patients was 13.06 years (range 9.42-16.75 years). This included 11 males and six females, all with spastic CP (12 diplegic, five hemiplegic). Of these patients, 11 underwent bilateral surgery and six underwent unilateral surgery (28 feet). These patients were followed post-operatively for a mean of 7.97 months (range 1.5-20 months). In comparing the radiographs from before and after surgery, statistically significant changes were seen in five out of the seven measurements. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to have the most significant change post-correction. Conclusion: The previously validated radiographic parameters used to assess foot and ankle deformity can be applied to the surgically treated pes planovalgus foot in patients with CP. It was found that five out of the seven measurements used to assess foot deformity changed significantly with surgical intervention. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to be the most accurate measure for post-surgical correction. This is the first study to apply these parameters to CP patients with surgically treated flatfoot deformity. Lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy significantly improves these radiographic measures.
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Beregi, A., Cs Székely, L. Békési, Judit Szabó, V. Molnár, and K. Molnár. "Radiodiagnostic examination of the swimbladder of some fish species." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 49, no. 1 (2001): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.49.2001.1.11.
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Radiodiagnostic methods have not been used previously for studying the anatomy and diseases of the swimbladder of freshwater fish species. In this study, the radiographic anatomy of the swimbladder and species-related differences in swimbladder structure were studied on plain radiographs taken of 12 Hungarian fish species of major economic importance. Changes observed by radiography were also studied by conventional parasitological methods. The radiodiagnostic method reported here appears to be a useful complement to diagnostic examinations that have been based merely on dissection so far. It enables evaluation of the pathological lesions in live condition, without causing damage to the fish.
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Shah, Himali A., and Jigna S. Shah. "Soft palate morphology in OSMF patients: Radiographic evaluation." IP International Journal of Maxillofacial Imaging 7, no. 2 (2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijmi.2021.014.
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Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic progressive, scarring disorder of oral cavity, which includes buccal mucosa, tongue, lips, anterior faucial pillars, soft palate, and oropharynx. Changes in soft palate morphology will start even before the OSMF, present itself clinically. These changes can lead to sleep apnea, difficulty in speech, swallowing & respiration. Various radiographs are good diagnostic aid to assess the soft palate and its morphology or any changes in morphology. To evaluate and compare soft palate morphology and dimensions in various stages of OSMF with control by radiographic evaluation.: 60 patients were evaluated and compared for soft palate morphology, its length, width and angle by using lateral cephalogram and Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Most common type of soft palate was found to be type 1 (leaf shaped) in both groups as well as by both radiographic techniques. Significant decrease in length and increase in width with increasing grades of OSMF group. As per p value CBCT gave more precise result. As the OSMF progresses soft palate becomes stout and bulky and significant changes occur in soft palate dimensions and are better evaluated by CBCT. As involvement of the soft palate is the earliest change to be noticed, radiographs should be used as one of the diagnostic aids in OSMF patients.
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Song, In Sup, Dong Chul Jang, Seung Chul Kim, Sun Dae Song, and Kun Sang Kim. "Chest radiographic changes after lobactomy and pneumonectomy." Journal of the Korean Radiological Society 27, no. 1 (1991): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3348/jkrs.1991.27.1.49.
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PUVANESWARY, M. "Pulmonary Radiographic Changes in Pseudoxanthoma Elasf icum." Australasian Radiology 30, no. 4 (1986): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1673.1986.tb01760.x.
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Albandar, Jasim M., and Dhia K. Abbas. "Radiographic quantification of alveolar bone level changes." Journal of Clinical Periodontology 13, no. 9 (1986): 810–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051x.1986.tb02235.x.
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Fuhrmann, Renée A., Frank Layher, and Wolf D. Wetzel. "Radiographic Changes in Forefoot Geometry with Weightbearing." Foot & Ankle International 24, no. 4 (2003): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110070302400404.
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Quality assessment of forefoot surgery depends mainly on weightbearing radiographs. A prospective study has been performed to compare the influence of weightbearing on forefoot geometry. Dorsoplantar radiographs for weightbearing and non-weightbearing conditions were performed in 99 patients. Hallux valgus angle, the intermetatarsal angles between the first and second and first and fifth metatarsals and intermetatarsal distance were measured using an interactive digitizer connected to a computer. The intermetatarsal angles showed a statistically significant increase during weightbearing. Unrelated to the severity of hallux valgus deformity, hallux valgus angles demonstrated an inverse behavior showing larger values under non-weightbearing conditions. For that reason, radiological evaluation of forefoot geometry strictly requires similar weightbearing conditions and comparable positioning of the foot.
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Lai, Lillian M., and Ralph S. Lachman. "Early characteristic radiographic changes in mucolipidosis II." Pediatric Radiology 46, no. 12 (2016): 1713–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-016-3673-0.
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Fujita, Minoru, Keiji Tanimoto, and Takuro Wada. "Early radiographic changes in radiation bone injury." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 61, no. 6 (1986): 641–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(86)90111-8.
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Rindell, Kaj, Kaj Tallroth, and T. Sam Lindholm. "Radiographic changes of the revascularized femoral head." European Journal of Radiology 10, no. 1 (1990): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0720-048x(90)90079-q.
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Burkus, J. Kenneth, Kevin Foley, Regis Haid, and Jean-Charles LeHuec. "Surgical Interbody Research Group–radiographic assessment of interbody fusion devices: fusion criteria for anterior lumbar interbody surgery." Neurosurgical Focus 10, no. 4 (2001): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2001.10.4.12.
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The authors present their radiographic criteria for assessing fusion of the lumbar spine after anterior interbody fusion with intradiscal implants. These criteria include the assessment of plain radiographs, dynamic motion radiographs, and thin-cut computerized tomography scans. Fusion within the instrumented spinal motion segment can be determined using radiographic evaluation to assess spinal alignment on sequential examinations, angular and translational changes on dynamic motion studies, and device–host interface, and to identify new bone formation and bone remodeling. Finally, to aid the clinician in assessing fusion, the authors describe the five zones of fusion within the intervertebral disc space.
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van der Heijde, Désirée, Dafna D. Gladman, Oliver FitzGerald, et al. "Radiographic Progression According to Baseline C-reactive Protein Levels and Other Risk Factors in Psoriatic Arthritis Treated with Tofacitinib or Adalimumab." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 9 (2019): 1089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.180971.
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Objective.To evaluate the effect of baseline risk factors on radiographic progression in patients with active psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who had an inadequate response to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARD) and were treated with tofacitinib or adalimumab (ADA).Methods.Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of PsA. OPAL Broaden was a 12-month, double-blind phase III trial. Patients received tofacitinib 5 mg twice daily (BID; n = 107), tofacitinib 10 mg BID (n = 104), or ADA 40 mg once every 2 weeks (n = 106), all with 1 background csDMARD. Radiographs (baseline and Month 12) were scored using the van der Heijde-modified total Sharp score (mTSS) for PsA. Radiographic nonprogression was defined as an increase from baseline in mTSS ≤ 0.5, ≤ 0, or ≤ 0.66. Changes from baseline in mTSS and nonprogression (≤ 0.5 increase from baseline in mTSS) were analyzed by baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) > 2.87 or ≤ 2.87 mg/l. Baseline predictors of radiographic progression were analyzed.Results.At Month 12, > 90% of patients receiving tofacitinib or ADA met all radiographic nonprogression criteria. Mean changes from baseline through Month 12 in mTSS, erosion, and joint space narrowing scores were close to 0. Changes in radiographic outcomes were minimal, irrespective of baseline CRP levels > 2.87 or ≤ 2.87 mg/l, with a small numerical difference observed for tofacitinib 5 mg BID. A significant relationship was observed between baseline CRP level and increases from baseline in mTSS > 0.5 at Month 12.Conclusion.Elevated CRP levels at baseline were associated with greater structural progression. Changes in radiographic outcomes were minimal regardless of CRP levels. [Clinical trial registration number (www.ClinicalTrials.gov): NCT01877668]
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Seyrek Intas, D., G. Yilmazbas, K. Seyrek Intas, et al. "Radiographic pelvimetry and evaluation of radiographic findings of the pelvis in cats with dystocia." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 36, no. 04 (2008): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622688.
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Summary Objective: The aim of this study was to determine reference values for pelvic dimensions in radiographically unremarkable native Turkish cats (similar to European Shorthair cats) and to evaluate radiographic findings of the pelvis in cats with dystocia and to compare their pelvimetric measurements with those of radiographically unremarkable cats. Material and methods: Pelvimetry was performed on ventro-dorsal and lateral radiographs of radiographically unremarkable male (n = 34) and female cats (n = 23) with no history of dystocia and cats presented with dystocia. Cats with dystocia were classified in groups according to radiographical findings: cats without obvious radiographical changes, cats with traumatic pelvic stenosis and cats with pelvic narrowing due to metabolic disease. Statistical analyses were performed to find out significant differences between both groups with respect to gender and age. Results: Pelvic dimensions of radiographically unremarkable cats are greater in males compared to females. These differences increase with increasing age, but are not significant in cats older than 2 years. Twenty-five out of 37 queens presented with dystocia had significantly smaller pelvic dimensions compared to radiographically unremarkable queens. Deformation/narrowing of the pelvis in 12 cats (32%) due to old fractures and metabolic bone disease occurred in 7 and 5 cases, respectively. Conclusion: Old, untreated pelvic fractures and metabolic disorders may cause stenosis of the birth canal and dystocia. However, there is a high rate of queens without deformation, but smaller pelvic dimension experiencing dystocia. As 80% of these cats are around 1 year of age they might still be growing or are underdeveloped, despite pelvic physeal growth plates are already closed. Clinical relevance: Pelvic radiographs and pelvimetry before mating enables to identify cats with pelvic narrowing due to traumatic, metabolic, or developmental reasons and may prevent the queen from potential dystocia.
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O'Connor-Robison, C. I., and B. D. Nielsen. "Comparison of two software packages for determining radiographic bone aluminium equivalent values." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 3-4 (2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13024.
Full textAbstract:
Radiographic photodensitometry has been used to track changes in bone mineral content in the distal limb of horses through traditional film radiographs. With increasing popularity of digital radiographs, the technique has been adapted for digital technology. The objective of this study was to validate and describe the analysis of digital radiographs and to compare traditional densitometric analysis to digital analysis. Twelve traditional and 12 digital radiographs were taken of the left third metacarpal (MCIII) of 12 horses with an aluminium stepwedge penetrometer attached to the radiographic cassette. Both medial-lateral and dorsal-palmar views were represented. The traditional and digital radiographs were each analysed using two different methods to compare results. Analysis involved determining optical density at each step of the aluminium stepwedge, plotting optical density verses mm Al, and then determining the equation of the subsequent line. The optical density of each cortice was inserted into the equation and radiographic bone aluminium equivalents (RBAE) in mm Al for each cortice was determined. Total RBAE was also examined 1 cm distal to the nutrient foramen of the MCIII. Data were analysed using Proc CORR (SAS v. 9.1) and are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Total RBAE on the dorsal-palmar view from traditional radiographs averaged 286±154 mm Al for digital analysis and 292±173 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.98). Total RBAE on medial-lateral view from the digital radiographs averaged 539±137 mm Al for digital analysis and 530±165 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.95). The results demonstrate high correlations between analyses, thereby validating that digital analysis yields similar results as densitometric analysis. Digital radiographs, with increased clarity as compared to traditional films, should allow greater ability to detect treatment differences in research trials, and monitor changes associated with training or nutrition.