Journal articles: 'Radiographic density'

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Gunawan, Gunawan, Suhardjo Sitam, and Lusi Epsilawati. "Densitas tulang mandibula pengguna obat anti hipertensi calcium channel blocker (CCB) melalui radiograf panoramik." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia 4, no. 2 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v4i2.527.

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Objectives: The purpose of this research was to describe radiographic density of mandibular bone in calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users. Bone density in the mandible is assessed from the trabecular. Panoramic radiograph is a routine examination that is often done in dentistry that can be used to assess changes in quality in the form of changes in bone density in users of anti-hypertensive calcium channel blockers  Material and Methods: This research is a descriptive study of 21 panoramic radiographs of calcium channel blocker anti-hypertensive drug users aged 40-75 years. Panoramic radiograph archive density checks in the distal region of the foramen mentale and the mandibular angular region using software image j, with the final result was the percentage between bone and marrow.  Results: This research showed the average radiographic density in male using calcium channel blocker antihypertensive drugs was 18.81% and the average radiographic density in female was 20.92%.  Conclusion: Based on the results of the study found that the average radiographic density of female patients taking antihypertensive drugs calcium channel blockers was higher than male.

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Heaven, T. J., A. R. Firestone, and F. F. Feagin. "Quantitative Radiographic Measurement of Dentinal Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 1 (1990): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690010801.

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The purpose of this investigation was the comparison of the precision and accuracy of two reference ramp techniques for the quantification of radiographic density changes in teeth. Radiographs (65 kVp, 10 ma, 1 s, and intra-oral ultraspeed film) of transverse sections from extracted permanent human molars were made before and after dentinal lesions were created. Each radiograph contained the image of a tooth section and the aluminum reference ramp. Method A used the image of the ramp on both the before- and after-lesion radiographs, and method B used the image of the ramp only on the before-lesion radiograph. Three groups of lesions (0.525-mm diameter, n = 11; 0.675-mm diameter, n = 9; and the 0.525-mm holes enlarged to 0.675 mm) were measured radiographically by each technique and by direct planimetry of the lesions. Radiographic method B produced results in close agreement with the planimetric measurements. Method B differentiated (p<0.05) between groups that had a mean planimetric size difference of 0.10 mm (equivalent to a change in density difference of 0.6%). These density change measurements are in absolute units of mm of aluminum that can be compared between lesions and between samples. This technique may prove useful for the quantification of changes in mineral density of caries lesions detectable in longitudinal radiographic records.

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Shrestha, S., S. Maharhan, U. Khanal, and M. Humagain. "Evaluation of image quality in cervical spine lateral radiographs." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 6, no. 1 (2017): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmc.v6i1.16652.

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In diagnostic radiography, cervical lateral spine x-ray is common radiographic examination among imaging of cervical spine. Thus, it is important to show entire anatomical structure, adequate penetration, soft tissue of neck and bony detail. This study attempts to quantify the quality of cervical spine radiographs by evaluating the quality of depiction of the anatomical and physical details. In this cross-sectional study, about 188 cases of cervical spine lateral radiographs were collected for study over the three months of period. Nine image criteria i.e. anatomical coverage, soft tissue visualization, C7/T1 junction, sharp bony detail, proper chin raise, artifact, density, patient rotation and collimation were followed and tabulated. Obtained data were analyzed using in SPSS v.20 software and shown in frequency, percentages, bar diagrams and graphs. Among 188 patients, about 23.4% cervical radiographs met all image criteria but remaining 76.6% did not meet these criteria due to no anatomical coverage (33.5%), no proper chin raise (46.3%), artifact (13.3%), patient rotation (50%) and no collimation (33.5%). It is difficult to perform good quality cervical radiograph according to European guidelines14. To a great extent the quality of cervical radiographs depends upon skill of radiographer, equipment condition (x-ray machine, CR reader) and co-operation of patients. This is always a challenge for radiographer and technologist.

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MADELEY, N. J., A. B. STEPHEN, N. D. DOWNING, and T. R. C. DAVIS. "Changes in Scaphoid Bone Density after Acute Fracture." Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (2006): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.03.164.

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The radiographic density of the proximal fragments of 16 scaphoid fractures was assessed on scaphoid series radiographs taken at 6 to 12 weeks. In addition, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements of bone mineral density in the distal radius and proximal and distal fracture fragments were performed at 1 to 2 weeks and 6 to 12 weeks. Median reductions of 9% and 10% were observed in bone mineral density in the proximal fracture fragment and the distal radius respectively, but these did not correlate with the radiographic density of the proximal fragment. A greater median reduction in bone mineral density (27%) was observed in the distal fracture fragment and more bone loss occurred at this site when there was an apparent increase in the radiographic density of the proximal fragment (median fall of 0.23 g/cm2 versus 0.14 g/cm2). Thus, apparent increased radiographic density of the proximal fragment may be due to increased bone loss from the distal fragment.

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Frazao, Paulo J. R., Rodrigo Crispim, Cesar A. M. Pereira, et al. "CORRELATION STUDY BETWEEN BONE MINERAL DENSITY DETERMINED BY RADIOGRAPHIC ABSORPTIOMETRY AND BONE RESISTANCE OF EQUINE THIRD METACARPAL BONE SUBMITTED TO BIOMECHANICAL TESTING." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 15, no. 01 (2012): 1250007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957712500078.

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Knowledge about non-invasive methods for early diagnostics in equine orthopedic disorders is economically important and has been widely studied. In this study, bone mineral density determined by radiographic absorptiometry was correlated to bone resistance of the equine third metacarpal bone submitted to biomechanical testing. Thirty pairs of third metacarpal bone of adult horses were collected, dissected, radiographed, analyzed by the radiographic absorptiometry technique, and submitted to tomographic study and biomechanical testing. No significant linear correlation between radiographic bone density values and measured biomechanical properties was observed. Therefore, bone mineral density of the third metacarpal bone determined by radiographic absorptiometry does not predict bone capacity to resist compression and flexion loads. Further studies should be developed to establish which techniques are reliably capable of giving such predictive information.

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Stewart, A., B. Benson, B. Tennent-Brown, J. Foreman, and C. Byron. "Effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy on radiographic and scintigraphic outcomes in horses with palmar heel pain." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 22, no. 02 (2009): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-08-04-0037.

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Summary Objective: To investigate the effects of radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (RESWT) on radiographic and scintigraphic variables in horses with clinical pain referable to the palmar heel. Methods: Eight client-owner horses with palmar heel pain were treated with RESWT for a total of three treatments. Nuclear scintigraphy and radiography were repeated at the beginning and completion of the study. Scintigram region of interest (ROI) density ratios were calculated and compared between treated limbs, untreated limbs, and a population of comparison limbs from eight horses free of lameness. Radiographs were scored for whole navicular bone appearance as well as distal border synovial fossae number and severity. Results: There was not any preversus post-treatment difference in scintigraphic navicular pool phase or delayed phase ROI density ratios in treated limbs, or between treated and untreated limbs. Delayed phase ROI density was increased in the central navicular region in treated limbs compared to comparison limbs from non-lame horses at both time points. Radiographic scores remained unchanged. Clinical significance: RESWT as applied in the present study has no effect on acute palmar heel region scintigraphic or radiographic parameters. Any acute clinical benefit may be due to analgesic effects rather than stimulation of local tissue metabolism.

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Spin-Neto, Rubens, Felipe Leite Coletti, Rubens Moreno de Freitas, Chaíne Pavone, Sérgio Paulo Campana-Filho, and Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio. "Chitosan-based biomaterials used in critical-size bone defects: radiographic study in rat's calvaria." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 41, no. 5 (2012): 312–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-25772012000500003.

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OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated, using digital radiographic images, the action of chitosan and chitosan hydrochloride biomaterials, with both low and high molecular weight, used in the correction of critical-size bone defects (CSBD's) in rat's calvaria. MATERIAL AND METHOD: CSBD's with 8 mm in diameter were surgically created in the calvaria of 50 Holtzman rats and these were filled with a blood clot (Control), low molecular weight chitosan, high molecular weight chitosan, low molecular weight chitosan hydrochloride and high molecular weight chitosan hydrochloride, for a total of 10 animals, which were divided into two experimental periods (15 and 60 days), for each biomaterial. The radiographic evaluation was made using two digital radiographs of the animal's skull: one taken right after the bone defect was created and the other at the moment of the sacrifice, providing the initial and the final radiographic bone density in the area of the defect, which were compared. RESULT: Analysis of radiographic bone density indicated that the increase in the radiographic bone density of the CSBD's treated with the proposed biomaterials, in either molecular weight, in both observed periods, where similar to those found in control group. CONCLUSION: Tested chitosan-based biomaterials were not able to enhance the radiographic density in the CSBD's made in rat's calvaria.

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Verma, Abhishek, Stuti Verma, Anushikha Dhankhar, Nitin Kumar Moral, Nidhi Nagar, and Ajeet Singh Bhadoria. "Predicting the Risk of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury in Impacted Lower Third Molars Using Panoramic Radiography and Cone Beam Computed Tomography." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 34 (2021): 2910–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/593.

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BACKGROUND A serious complication of surgical removal of impacted lower third molars is inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) injury. Evaluation of radiographic factors to predict IAN injury using CT and panoramic radiography includes root morphology assessment, follicular sac size, mandibular bone density, inferior alveolar nerve and vessels, condition of the overlying tissues, relation of the impacted tooth with the body and ramus of the mandible and the adjacent teeth. This study was done to evaluate the radiological features of the impacted lower mandibular teeth and their relationship with IAN through panoramic radiography and CT and to assess the most predictable radiological criteria for inferior alveolar nerve injury in impacted third molar surgery. METHODS All the patients indicated for lower third molar extraction were included in the study and pre-operative conventional panoramic radiographs (Planmeca Proline PM 2002 CC, Helsinki, Finland) and CBCT (Kodak CBCT) were taken. Any post-operative nerve injuries detected were followed up after 15 days or 1 month. Fisher’s exact test was done to find the association between the outcome variable and explanatory variables. RESULTS Only 11.4 % (N = 4) of all participants had IAN injury following surgical disimpaction. All the participants with IAN injury showed narrowing of the canal on their preoperative panoramic radiographs and presence of nerve approximation with the tooth in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) reports (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A statistically significant association exists between IAN injury and nerve exposure, radiographic signs of nerve involvement for panoramic radiograph, level of third molar impaction, and nerve approximation in CBCT. KEY WORDS Inferior Alveolar Nerve Injury, Lower Third Molar Impaction, Panoramic Radiography, CBCT

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Medigovic, Ivana, and Djordje Antonijevic. "In vitro radiographic density of dental posts measured by digital radiography." Oral Radiology 30, no. 1 (2013): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11282-013-0129-1.

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Korstjens, C. M., L. Mosekilde, R. J. Spruijt, W. G. M. Geraets, and P. F. van der Stelt. "Relations between Radiographic Trabecular Pattern and Biomechanical Characteristics of Human Vertebrae." Acta Radiologica 37, no. 3P2 (1996): 618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02841851960373p240.

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Purpose: Relations between the radiographic trabecular pattern and the biomechanical characteristics of bone were studied. Material and Methods: The material comprised L2 and L3 vertebral bodies of 14 individuals (aged 22–76 years; 6 women and 8 men). Compressive strength and ash density of the complete L2 vertebral body were determined. Of the L3 vertebral body, ash density and compressive strength in both horizontal and vertical directions were measured on cylinders of merely trabecular bone. Radiographs were taken of a midsagittal slice of L3 vertebrae. They were digitized to measure trabecular bone geometry and orientation. The procedure was repeated several times to obtain reliable measures. Results: The radiographic trabecular pattern was significantly related to compressive strength, ash density and age. One of the radiographic geometric features in particular seems to offer information concerning the structural integrity of the trabecular architecture. Conclusion: Analysis of the radiographic trabecular pattern appears to be a promising technique for prediction of trabecular bone strength.

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Castilho, Júlio Cezar de Melo, Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita, Luis Roque de Araújo dos Santos, Luiz César de Moraes, Edmundo Medici Filho, and Mari Eli Leonelli de Moraes. "Digital radiographic evaluation of optical density of porcelains used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prosthesis." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 1 (2006): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000100004.

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The purpose of this article was to compare the mean value of optical density of four porcelains commonly used for fabrication of inlay/onlay prostheses using direct digital radiograph. The sample consisted of 20 2-mm thick porcelain specimens (measured by digital pachymeter): Empress (Ivoclair), Simbios (Degussa), Vita Omega 900 and Vitadur Alpha (Vita Zahnfabrik). The values of optical density of the specimens were expressed in millimeters aluminum equivalent (mm eq Al). The samples were X-rayed using two charge coupled devices (CCD) - RVG (Trophy) - Visualix (Gendex) and a phosphor plate system - Digora (Soredex). The optical density reading was performed with Image Tool 1.28 in a total of 110 measurements. Statistical analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in all materials studied (p < 0.05) regardless of the radiographic system used. The highest optical density value was found for Omega 900 (1.8988 mmeqAl - Visualix - Gendex) and the lowest for Vitadur Alpha (0.8647 - Visualix - Gendex). Thus, the material presenting the highest degree of optical density was Omega 900, Empress and Simbios presented intermediate optical density values, Vitadur Alpha presented the lowest value, and the optical density of porcelains was not influenced by the digital radiography systems.

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Silva, Paula Verona Ragusa da, Renan Roberto da Costa, Mariliani Chicarelli da Silva, Lilian Cristina Vessoni Iwaki, and Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita. "Digital evaluation of the influence of interruption of the fixation process on radiographic contrast and base-plus-fog density in three commercial brands of radiographic films." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 43, no. 1 (2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-25772014000100007.

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INTRODUCTION : With the interest in anticipating access to the result of intraoral radiography, the radiographic processing is frequently neglected, compromising image quality. OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of interrupting the fixation process on the radiographic contrast and base-plus-fog density (BPFD) in three brands of periapical films. MATERIAL AND METHOD : Ninety radiographs were taken of an aluminum stepwedge and a lead plate for each brand, and they were divided according to the time of initial immersion in the fixative in: control group (without interrupting the fixing), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 seconds. During processing, films had the fixing stage stopped and were exposed to a negatoscope for 1 minute, then the fixation time of 10 minutes was completed. The radiographs were digitized and exported to Image Tool 3.0.software. RESULT : Kodak(r) film showed no statistically significant differences between groups, while Agfa(r) film presented difference in BPFD compared with Group 5 seconds, and Dentix(r) film showed statistical difference in all groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION : Under the conditions studied, Kodak(r) film is not influenced by disruption of fixation as regards BPFD and image contrast, enabling early access to the results of radiographs, whereas Agfa(r) film requires at least 10 seconds of initial fixation, and Dentix(r) film obtains better results when the process of fixation is not interrupted.

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Araujo, Melissa Rodrigues, Rafael Zancan Mobile, Lucas De Oliveira Azevedo, Shaiene Gomes, Tatiana Miranda Deliberador, and Allan Fernando Giovanini. "The influence of early bisphosphonate treatment on craniofacial radiographic bone density." Brazilian Dental Science 22, no. 4 (2019): 513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2019.v22i4.1747.

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Objective: To evaluate the effects of alendronate (AL), a bisphosphonate, on visual bone density by means of a radiographic analysis. Material and methods: Sixty-two Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Group AA (AL with autogenous graft); group AW (AL without autogenous graft) both receiving AL on alternate days for 4 weeks before surgery; control group CA (with autogenous graft); group CW (without autogenous graft) both receiving saline solution before surgery. Experimental periods of evaluation were 2 weeks and 4 weeks post-surgery. Conventional and digital radiographs were obtained, and a 5-point grading system (score) was used to assess visual radiographic bone density. Results: There were no statistical differences between CA and AA groups at 2 and 4 weeks. The AA group had a higher mean score of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 2 weeks (P < 0.05). The CA and AA groups had higher scores of bone density than the CW and AW groups at 4 weeks (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Treatment with AL did not affect radiographic bone density at 2 and 4 weeks after surgery. The presence of an autograft resulted in higher scores of bone density.

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O'Connor-Robison, C. I., and B. D. Nielsen. "Comparison of two software packages for determining radiographic bone aluminium equivalent values." Comparative Exercise Physiology 9, no. 3-4 (2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep13024.

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Radiographic photodensitometry has been used to track changes in bone mineral content in the distal limb of horses through traditional film radiographs. With increasing popularity of digital radiographs, the technique has been adapted for digital technology. The objective of this study was to validate and describe the analysis of digital radiographs and to compare traditional densitometric analysis to digital analysis. Twelve traditional and 12 digital radiographs were taken of the left third metacarpal (MCIII) of 12 horses with an aluminium stepwedge penetrometer attached to the radiographic cassette. Both medial-lateral and dorsal-palmar views were represented. The traditional and digital radiographs were each analysed using two different methods to compare results. Analysis involved determining optical density at each step of the aluminium stepwedge, plotting optical density verses mm Al, and then determining the equation of the subsequent line. The optical density of each cortice was inserted into the equation and radiographic bone aluminium equivalents (RBAE) in mm Al for each cortice was determined. Total RBAE was also examined 1 cm distal to the nutrient foramen of the MCIII. Data were analysed using Proc CORR (SAS v. 9.1) and are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Total RBAE on the dorsal-palmar view from traditional radiographs averaged 286±154 mm Al for digital analysis and 292±173 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.98). Total RBAE on medial-lateral view from the digital radiographs averaged 539±137 mm Al for digital analysis and 530±165 mm Al for densitometric analysis (R2=0.95). The results demonstrate high correlations between analyses, thereby validating that digital analysis yields similar results as densitometric analysis. Digital radiographs, with increased clarity as compared to traditional films, should allow greater ability to detect treatment differences in research trials, and monitor changes associated with training or nutrition.

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Aldous DDS, MS, Jay A., Gary Lowder DDS, and Jerald Boseman DDS. "Evaluation of a Caries Detecting Software System." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 19, no. 3 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v19i3.29161.

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The diagnostic accuracy of caries detecting software that assesses density in digital radiographs was questioned. Analysis of radiographs of extracted teeth using Logicon revealed a deviation in specificity for caries from visual examination of the teeth as well as from their radiographic images. Subsequent preparation of teeth similar to a clinical preparation for a restoration revealed a marked deviation from the Logicon analysis. Radiographic interpretation of early caries and resultant treatment decisions are a multifaceted complex process that is not simplified by desired but unreliable current computerized technique.

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Dutta, Parul, Zohra Ahmad, Mandeep Sagar, Rupjyoti Nath, and C. M. Rahul. "Back to the basics: Study of portable chest radiographic findings in 116 COVID-19 positive patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging 31, S 01 (2021): S148—S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijri.ijri_550_20.

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Abstract Context: Paucity of literature of portable CXR findings in COVID-19. Aims: Evaluate radiographic findings in COVID-19 patients and calculate sensitivity of radiographs with RT-PCR as gold standard. Subjects and Methods: Total 116 COVID-19 patients underwent portable CXR between April-June, 2020. Two radiologists reviewed radiographs with respect to laterality, craniocaudal, mediolateral distribution, shape, density, unifocality/multifocality and number of lung zones. Sensitivity of radiography was calculated with RT-PCR as gold standard. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS Statistics Subscription software (IBM, New York, USA). Results: Many patients 67.2% (78/116) were asymptomatic. Cough (21.5%, 25/116) and fever (17.6%, 20/116) were the most frequent symptoms. 36.2% (42/116) patients revealed COVID-19 pneumonia-like abnormalities on CXR. Sensitivity of CXR with RT-PCR as gold standard was 36.2% (CI: Confidence interval = 27.46% - 44.95%). More patients in symptomatic group (68.4%, 26/38) had abnormal CXR compared to asymptomatic group (20.5%, 16/78) [P < 0.0001]. Radiographs revealed both unilateral (57.1%, 24/42), bilateral (42.8%, 18/42), GGO (80.9%, 34/42), or consolidation (11/42, 26.1%) in a middle (57.1%, 24/42), lower zone (83.3%, 35/42) and peripheral distribution (78.5%, 33/42). Lesions were commonly patchy (88%, 37/42) and multifocal (59.5%, 25/42). Majority had single (40.4%, 17/42) or two zone (35.7%, 15/42) involvement. Conclusions: Significant number of COVID-19 patients were asymptomatic. Over 1/3rd of patients showed radiographic abnormalities. Symptomatic patients were more likely to show radiographic findings than asymptomatic patients. If radiographs identify pneumonia in appropriate clinical setting, CT can be avoided. Common radiographic abnormalities among COVID 19 patients were bilateral/unilateral, patchy, multifocal, ground glass opacity or consolidation in peripheral and middle/lower zone distribution.

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KINDS, MARGOT B., ANNE C. A. MARIJNISSEN, JOHANNES W. J. BIJLSMA, MAARTEN BOERS, FLORIS P. J. G. LAFEBER, and PACO M. J. WELSING. "Quantitative Radiographic Features of Early Knee Osteoarthritis: Development Over 5 Years and Relationship with Symptoms in the CHECK Cohort." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 1 (2012): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120320.

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Objective.To evaluate whether computer-assisted, interactive digital analysis of knee radiographs enables identification of different quantitative features of joint damage, and to evaluate the relationship of such features with each other and with clinical characteristics during 5-year followup in early osteoarthritis (OA).Methods.Knee radiographs from the Cohort Hip and Cohort Knee (CHECK) study, including 1002 individuals with early OA complaints, were evaluated for different measures with knee images digital analysis (KIDA). To aid definition of different radiographic features of OA, principal component analysis of KIDA was used. Features were correlated (Pearson) to each other, evaluated for changes over time, and related to clinical outcome (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index for pain and function) using baseline, 2-year, and 5-year followup data.Results.The identified radiographic features were joint space width (JSW: minimum, medial, lateral), varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, and bone density. The features progressed in severity at different times during followup: early (medial JSW, osteophyte area), late (minimum and lateral JSW, eminence height), and both early and late (varus angle, bone density). Correlations between different radiographic features varied between timepoints. The JSW features were most strongly related to each other (largest r = 0.82), but also, e.g., osteophytes and bone density were correlated (largest r = 0.33). The relationships with clinical outcome varied over time, but were most commonly found for osteophyte area and JSW.Conclusion.In this early OA cohort, different radiographic features were identified that progressed at different rates between timepoints. The relations between radiographic features and with clinical outcome varied over time. This implies that longitudinal evaluation of different features can improve insight into progression of OA.

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Pellegrini, Henrique Auriemo, Ana DS da Silveira, Cesar A. Lascala, Maria Aparecida Alves de Cerqueira Luz, and Claudio Costa. "The influence of film type and processing method on radiographic density for occlusal caries diagnosis." Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry 21, no. 4 (2015): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.123684.

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Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the influence of the radiographic processing method on the radiographic density of two types of film. Radiographs from non-cavitated occlusal caries lesions obtained in a previous study were used. Methods: We analyzed 28 films from 12 patients that were obtained with the same X-ray device. Seven Ektaspeed (Kodak Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, NY, USA) and seven Ultraspeed (Kodak Eastman Kodak Co) films were manually processed, while seven Ektaspeed and seven Ultraspeed films were automatically processed. The angle of incidence of the X-ray beam and the distances between the apparatus, the tooth and the film were standardized. Therefore, the study comprised four groups: GE1: Ektaspeed manually processed; GE2: Ektaspeed automatically processed; GU1: Ultraspeed manually processed; and GU2: Ultraspeed automatically processed. The images were digitized (G40450 Scan Jet C/T, Hewlett-Packard) and analyzed using Digora for Windows 2.7 (Soredex Medical Systems) to obtain the average radiographic density, and the data were analyzed using the Student’s t test for paired data (Bioestat 5.3). Results: Only the Ektaspeed film showed statistically significant differences between radiographic densities with different processing methods (p = 0.0037). Conclusions: The Ektaspeed film automatic pocessed is better suited for the early diagnosis of caries lesions.

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Curtis, Paul M., J. Anthony von Fraunhofer, and Allan G. Farman. "The radiographic density of composite restorative resins." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 70, no. 2 (1990): 226–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(90)90124-b.

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Barone, Antonio, Ugo Covani, Roberto Cornelini, and Enrico Gherlone. "Radiographic bone density around immediately loaded oral implants." Clinical Oral Implants Research 14, no. 5 (2003): 610–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.00878.x.

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De Faria, Paula Cristina, Maria Fernanda Lima Villaça-Carvalho, Sérgio Lúcio Pereira de Castro Lopes, Mari Eli Leonelli De Moraes, and Luiz Roberto Coutinho Manhães Júnior. "Radiographic signs of bone mineral density in panoramic radiographs from pre and postmenopausal patients." Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 1 (2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i1.1276.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of panoramic radiographs (PR) and their radiomorphometric indices as an auxiliary method for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. Material and Methods: Twenty five women were selected, who had been prescribed PR for different purposes. The PR were analysed according to the MCI, which evaluates the mandibular cortex below the mental foramen, and then divided into two groups: normal and bone mineral loss. Bone densitometry scans were obtained (DXA) from the lumbar spine and neck of the femur/whole femur, which were used as the gold standard for comparison against the MCI. Kappa test (p&lt;0.05) was used to determine the association between the MCI and bone densitometry readings. Results: Regarding the DXA, 7 patients were normal at the lumbar spine or femur, 24 subjects showed osteopenia at the lumbar spine or femur and 9 subjects had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine or femur. Regarding the association between DXA and MCI, 18 subjects showed some degree of bone loss at the spine detected by both DXA and the Klemetti index. Conclusions: PR may be useful to assess the risk of such diseases being present.

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Kinds, Margot B., Anne C. A. Marijnissen, Max A. Viergever, Pieter J. Emans, Floris P. J. G. Lafeber, and Paco M. J. Welsing. "Identifying Phenotypes of Knee Osteoarthritis by Separate Quantitative Radiographic Features May Improve Patient Selection for More Targeted Treatment." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 6 (2013): 891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.121004.

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Objective.Expression of osteoarthritis (OA) varies significantly between individuals, and over time, suggesting the existence of different phenotypes, possibly with specific etiology and targets for treatment. Our objective was to identify phenotypes of progression of radiographic knee OA using separate quantitative features.Methods.Separate radiographic features of OA were measured by Knee Images Digital Analysis (KIDA) in individuals with early knee OA (the CHECK cohort: Cohort Hip & Cohort Knee), at baseline and at 2-year and 5-year followup. Hierarchical clustering was performed to identify phenotypes of radiographic knee OA progression. The phenotypes identified were compared for changes in joint space width (JSW), varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, bone density, for Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade, and for clinical characteristics. Logistic regression analysis evaluated whether baseline radiographic features and demographic/clinical characteristics were associated with each of the specific phenotypes.Results.The 5 clusters identified were interpreted as “Severe” or “No,” “Early” or “Late” progression of the radiographic features, or specific involvement of “Bone density.” Medial JSW, varus angle, osteophyte area, eminence height, and bone density at baseline were associated with the Severe and Bone density phenotypes. Lesser eminence height and bone density were associated with Early and Late progression. Larger varus angle and smaller osteophyte area were associated with No progression.Conclusion.Five phenotypes of radiographic progression of early knee OA were identified using separate quantitative features, which were associated with baseline radiographic features. Such phenotypes might require specific treatment and represent relevant subgroups for clinical trials.

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Faria-e-Silva, André Luis, Manoel Brito-Júnior, Carla Cristina Camilo, and Daniela Araújo Veloso Veloso. "Quality of Preclinical and Clinical Root Canal Fillings performed by Undergraduate Students on Single-rooted Teeth." International Journal of Experimental Dental Science 1, no. 2 (2012): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10029-1018.

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ABSTRACT This study evaluated the radiographic technical quality of preclinical and clinical root canal fillings (RCF) performed by undergraduate students on single-rooted teeth. Two independent calibrated endodontic specialists evaluated 94 preclinical radiographs (group 1) and 96 clinical radiographs (group 2). The apical length of each RCF was categorized as acceptable (0-2.0 mm short of the radiographic apex), underfilled (2.0 mm or more short of the radiographic apex) and overfilled (extruded beyond the radiographic apex). Inadequate or adequate homogeneity were also evaluated based on the presence of voids and the uniform density of the RCF. Cohen's kappa and Chi-square tests (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. The interexaminer agreement level was almost perfect (>0.80). Approximately 80% of RCF had acceptable length in both groups, with no significant differences among them (p > 0.05). The rate of adequate homogeneity was higher in Group 2 when compared with group 1 (p < 0.05). Overall, the quality of RCF was satisfactory with better homogeneous seal at the clinical level. How to cite this article Brito-Júnior M, Camilo CC, Popoff DAV, Saini R, Faria-e-Silva AL. Quality of Preclinical and Clinical Root Canal Fillings performed by Undergraduate Students on Singlerooted Teeth. Int J Experiment Dent Sci 2012;1(2):71-74.

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Li, K., B. Borm, F. Hug, et al. "Developments toward hard X-ray radiography on heavy-ion heated dense plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 32, no. 4 (2014): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034614000652.

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AbstractWe have studied the potential of hard X-ray radiography as a diagnostic in high energy density experiments, proposed for the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). We present synthetic radiographic images generated from hydrodynamic simulations of the target evolution. The results suggest that high-resolution density measurements can be obtained from powerful hard X-ray sources driven by a PW-class high-energy laser system. Test measurements of a prototype hard X-ray imaging detector for photon energies above 100 keV are presented.

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Rieuwpassa, Irene E., and Asmawati Asmawati. "Thickness cortex mandible on Toraja viewed from women's groups radiographic panoramic." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 3, no. 1 (2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15562/jdmfs.v3i1.697.

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Objective: This study aims to collect data on the mandibular cortical thickness of the woman inhabitants in the Toraja tribe.Material and Methods: The subjects of this study that underwent panoramic radiography were vulnerable women aged 45-90 years from the Toraja tribe. The technique used to assess cortical thickness was the measurement Mental Index (MI) by panoramic radiography. Results: MI detected a reduction in bone mass density in elderly women using panoramic radiography. Conclusion: Osteoporosis can be detected by measuring the MI using panoramic radiographs. This has been developed to detect osteoporosis.

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Postic, Srdjan. "Changes in jaw dimensions and bone density in patients with osteoporosis." Serbian Dental Journal 56, no. 1 (2009): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0901015p.

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Introduction Osteopenia and osteoporosis reduce the density and mass of jaw bones. Aim The aim of this study was to present the methods of radiographic analysis in patients with osteoporosis prior to restorative treatment. Method 127 panoramic radiographs (Kodak, USA) and 39 retroalveolar radiographs (KD 58-R 30?40 mm, USA) were used for the analysis of density (DT II 05 densitometer, England) and dimensions of jaw bones with respect to segments corresponding to bone layers. Results The results of this study indicated statistically significant differences in bone density (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in patients with osteopenia. Bone density was significantly reduced (p<0.01 and p<0.001) in osteoporotic patients, when compared to controls. Significant reductions of edentulous ridges in osteoporotic patients women X=23.05 mm (kV=30.72%) and X=22.85 mm (kV=28.81%), and men X=28.83 (kV=8.55%) as well as X=25.36 (kV=11.43%), were observed. Conclusion Bone density of the upper and lower jaw is reduced in osteoporotic patients. At the very beginning of restorative prosthodontic therapy of osteoporotic patients, retroalveolar radiographs and panoramic radiographs should be obtained. Reference lines should be assigned, contours of the alveolar and edentulous ridges on radiographs should be analysed and bone density assessed.

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TAMBURUS, José Roberto. "QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES: LABORATORY EVALUATION OF INTRAORAL FILMS, FILTERS, COLLIMATORS, AND RADIATION EXPOSURE." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo 11, no. 3 (1997): 161–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-06631997000300003.

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In order to evaluate density, radiographic contrast and dose of radiation exposure, the author analyzed 80 radiographs containing 640 optical density data of the images of a penetrometer, exposed to the radiation beam with combinations between D and E periapical films, aluminum and copper/aluminum filters, and circular or rectangular collimators. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA and allowed the following conclusions: 1) aluminum filtration resulted in improved image contrast; 2) the use of group D film and an aluminum filter produced improved image contrast quality; 3) the rectangular collimator contributed to the production of improved contrast and to the reduction of radiation exposure, but did not affect density; 4) the combination of copper/aluminum filter, E group film and rectangular collimation significantly reduced radiation exposure.

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Ogura, Ichiro, Yoshihiko Sasaki, Mikiko Sue, Takaaki Oda, Ayako Kameta, and Kazuhide Hayama. "Aging and cortical bone density of mandible with CBCT." International Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 5, no. 2 (2018): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijdi.v5n2p23.

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Purpose: To investigate changes of mandibular cortical bone with age using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Materials and methods: We reviewed the CBCT images of 202 patients who were examined in mandibular region by CBCT. The patients were classified into 2 age groups: young group (≦50 years; 51 male (age range 13-50 years, mean age 27.6 years) and 73 female (age range 11-50 years, mean age 30.0 years)) and elderly group (＞50 years; 22 male (age range 53-74 years, mean age 63.8 years) and 56 female (age range 51-82 years, mean age 66.3 years)). The relationship between age and mandibular cortical bone radiographic density as gray values using CBCT was assessed by Pearson's rank correlation test. Regarding age groups, mandibular cortical bone radiographic density using CBCT was performed with one-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Tukey's HSD test.Results: Cortical bone radiographic density in female using CBCT was significantly correlated to age (Y = -6.741X + 1946, R2 = 0.351, P = .000). Furthermore, the cortical bone radiographic density in young female (1754 ± 144) was significantly higher than that in young male (1554 ± 164, P = .000), elderly male (1533 ± 115, P = 0.000) and elderly female (1484 ± 228, P = 0.000).Conclusions: The present study confirmed the changes of mandibular cortical bone with age in female using CBCT. Furthermore, the evaluation of mandibular cortical bone using CBCT can be helpful in intercepting patients at risk of reduced bone mineral density.

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Jagur, O., M. Kull, E. Leibur, R. Kallikorm, D. Loorits, and U. Voog. "Relationship between TMJ radiographic changes and bone mineral density." International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 36, no. 11 (2007): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijom.2007.09.147.

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Bon, Jessica. "Does radiographic emphysema correlate with low bone mineral density?" Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 18, no. 2 (2012): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mcp.0b013e32834f8194.

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Tanaka, Jefferson Luis Oshiro, Edmundo Medici Filho, José Antônio Pereira Salgado, et al. "Comparative analysis of human and bovine teeth: radiographic density." Brazilian Oral Research 22, no. 4 (2008): 346–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1806-83242008000400011.

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Nevitt, Michael C., Nancy E. Lane, Jean C. Scott, et al. "Radiographic osteoarthritis of the hip and bone mineral density." Arthritis & Rheumatism 38, no. 7 (1995): 907–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.1780380706.

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Silver, R. N., R. Gore, J. Greene, F. Harlow, and R. Whitman. "Radiographic Evidence fork−5/3Scaling of Density Power Spectra." Physical Review Letters 77, no. 12 (1996): 2471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.77.2471.

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Hasan, Istabrak, Marzena Dominiak, Artur Blaszczyszyn, Christoph Bourauel, Tomasz Gedrange, and Friedhelm Heinemann. "Radiographic evaluation of bone density around immediately loaded implants." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 199 (May 2015): 52–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2014.02.009.

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da Silva, Renan Lucio Berbel, Eduardo Felippe Duailibi Neto, Franscisco Fernando Todescan, Glaucio Morente Ruiz, Claudio Mendes Pannuti, and Israel Chilvarquer. "Evaluation of cervical peri-implant optical density in longitudinal control of immediate implants in the anterior maxilla region." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 6 (2020): 20190396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190396.

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Objective: This research aimed to longitudinally evaluate the optical density of peri-implant alveolar bone. The data acquired from study participants previously treated with 37 osseointegrated implants were analyzed utilizing the radiographic subtraction technique. Methods and materials: The radiographic follow-ups were performed five times: at the implantation of the prostheses and after 15, 90, 180 and 360 days. Intraoral radiographs were obtained by the paralleling technique using individualized Hanshin-type positioners to guarantee the standardization of the images. The obtained digital images were aligned and equalized before they were submitted to the radiographic subtraction procedure. Results: A significant difference was found between the distal region of Group I (patients treated with osseointegrated implants who required extraction of the dental element) and the 360 day follow-up and the distal region of Group II (patients with healed alveolar sockets) in all follow-up analyses (p < 0.05). We did not observe a significant difference between the groups analyzed and other follow-ups concerning the subcrestal and middle third regions for both the mesial and distal variables (p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference in the distal sites [χ2 = 5,745,, p = 0.03], showing a significant association between time and the presence of bone resorption. This association was not shown on the mesial surface (p = 0.16). Conclusion: We concluded that there was no statistically significant difference between groups I and II. Using this technique, we were able to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate the changes in the proximal sites on the digital radiographic images for the analyzed data. Digital subtraction technology to measure peri-implant bone density is an accurate and reproducible technique for quantifying peri-implant bone reactions to different therapeutic modalities.

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Medeiros, André Dantas de, Joyce de Oliveira Araújo, Manuel Jesús Zavala León, Laércio Junio da Silva, and Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias. "Parameters based on X-ray images to assess the physical and physiological quality of Leucaena leucocephala seeds." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (2018): 643–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426023318.

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ABSTRACT Non-destructive and high performance analyses are highly desirable and important for assessing the quality of forest seeds. The aim of this study was to relate parameters obtained from semi-automated analysis of radiographs of Leucaena leucocephala seeds to their physiological potential by means of multivariate analysis. To do so, seeds from five lots collected from parent trees from the region of Viçosa, MG, Brazil, were used. The study was carried out through analysis of radiographic images of seeds, from which the percentage of damaged seeds (predation and fungi), and measurements of area, perimeter, circularity, relative density, and integrated density of the seeds were obtained. After the X-ray test, the seeds were tested for germination in order to assess variables related to seed physiological quality. Multivariate statistics were applied to the data generated, with use of principal component analysis (PCA). X-ray testing allowed visualization of details of the internal structure of seeds and differences regarding density of seed tissues. Semi-automated analysis of radiographic images of Leucaena leucocephala seeds provides information on seed physical characteristics and generates parameters related to seed physiological quality in a simple, fast, and inexpensive manner.

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Singh, Sandeepa Rajbaran, and Alan I. Black. "Gardner syndrome." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 06 (2021): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no6a9.

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A 58-year-old male patient was referred for a panoramic radiograph after having presented with a hard swelling of the right mandible. Panoramic radiographic examination (Fig. 1) demonstrated multiples dental anomalies and variable bone densities in both jaws prompting clinicians to “dig” further. Teeth 17, 12, 11, 26 and 27 were missing. Teeth 13, 23, 24, 25, 38, 34, 33 and 43 were unerupted. An unerupted supernumerary left mandibular molar appeared in the region of the mandibular coronoid process. Multiple, small, well-defined radiopacities of density comparable to odontogenic material were evident in the anterior maxilla and mandible. These opacities often demonstrated radiolucent borders consistent with the finding of multiple odontomas. Both jaws demonstrated variable bone density. Cottonwool like opacities partially blending into adjacent trabeculae were evident in the mandible and maxilla posteriorly. The contour of the inferior border of the mandible bilaterally in proximity to the angle was irregular with multiple, well-defined, smooth, lobulated homogenous radiopacities suggestive of osteomas. The radiographic features of multiple osteomas, odontomas, variable bone density, supernumerary and unerupted teeth warranted the referral of the patient for gastroenterological investigation to exclude Gardner Syndrome.

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Taguchi, A., Y. Suei, M. Sanada, et al. "Detection of Vascular Disease Risk in Women by Panoramic Radiography." Journal of Dental Research 82, no. 10 (2003): 838–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910308201015.

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Low bone mineral density and rapid bone loss of the skeleton are associated with mortality risk from vascular diseases in post-menopausal women. Panoramic radiographic measurements are considered as indicators of skeletal bone mineral density or bone turnover. We hypothesize that such measurements may be associated with vascular disease risk in post-menopausal women. Associations of mandibular cortical shape and width on panoramic radiographs with skeletal bone mineral density and risk factors related to vascular diseases were investigated in 87 post-menopausal women. Cortical shape was associated with skeletal bone mineral density, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, resting heart rate, and endothelial dysfunction. Cortical width was associated with skeletal bone mineral density, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A1. Dentists may be able to refer women with increased risk of vascular diseases, as well as low bone mineral density, to medical professionals for further examination by panoramic findings.

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IMURA, HIROYOSHI, TAKASHI MIYAGAWA, MAYUMI BADONO, KOSUKE TAKASHIMA, and JIRO HAMADA. "A Study of the Perception of Radiographic Density with Magnitude Estimation : Density Perception of High-density Areas." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 60, no. 2 (2004): 255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00000922293.

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M.B., Sule. "Burkitt’s Lymphoma of the Right Jaw in a Child: The Radiographic Features and Case Report." Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports 3, no. 6 (2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-8794/092.

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Burkitt’s lymphoma is a tumor that most often affects the jaws, most commonly seen in endemic areas of Africa, although the jaws are affected in about 15-18% in non-endemic regions, with prevalence in boys aged between 4-7 years. This is a 12-year-old male child that presented with right jaw painful swelling for more than six-months duration of onset. He was referred for plain radiographs of the jaw from a peripheral healthcare center. The jaw radiograph was done in anterior-posterior and oblique views of both sides respectively. The radiographs demonstrated a soft tissue density mass on the right, with associated destructive lytic lesion involving the right maxilla severelyand the right mandibleto a lesser extent. There is associated loss of lamina dura with severe dental anarchy involving the maxilla. The mandible showed lytic and expansile areas in its body with marked periosteal reaction; the sunray appearance. The contralateral maxilla and mandible have normal appearances. Complementary abdominal ultrasonography revealed normal appearances excluding abdominal involvement. Histology revealed the classic diffuse starry-sky appearance with benign histiocytes containing abundant, clear cytoplasm dispersed among a background of homogeneous, basophilic tumor cells, in keeping with Burkitt’s lymphoma. We report this case to describe the radiographic appearance of Burkitt’s lymphoma of the jaw bones.

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Warren, Melissa A., Zhiguou Zhao, Tatsuki Koyama, et al. "Severity scoring of lung oedema on the chest radiograph is associated with clinical outcomes in ARDS." Thorax 73, no. 9 (2018): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211280.

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BackgroundThere is no accurate, non-invasive measurement to estimate the degree of pulmonary oedema in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We developed the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Oedema (RALE) score to evaluate the extent and density of alveolar opacities on chest radiographs. After first comparing the RALE score to gravimetric assessment of pulmonary oedema in organ donors, we then evaluated the RALE score in patients with ARDS for its relationship to oxygenation and clinical outcomes.MethodsWe compared radiographs with excised lung weights from 72 organ donors (derivation cohort) and radiographs with clinical data from 174 patients with ARDS in the ARDSNet Fluid and Catheter Treatment Trial (validation cohort). To calculate RALE, each radiographic quadrant was scored for extent of consolidation (0–4) and density of opacification (1–3). The product of the consolidation and density scores for each of the four quadrants was summed (maximum score=48).ResultsAgreement between two independent reviewers for RALE score was excellent (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.93, 95% CI 0.91 to 0.95). In donors, pre-procurement RALE score correlated with height-adjusted total lung weight (ρ=0.59, p<0.001). In patients with ARDS, higher RALE scores were independently associated with lower PaO2/fractional inspired oxygen and worse survival. Conservative fluid management significantly decreased RALE score over 3 days compared with liberal fluid management.ConclusionsThe RALE score can be used to assess both the extent of pulmonary oedema and the severity of ARDS, by utilising information that is already obtained routinely, safely and inexpensively in every patient with ARDS. This novel non-invasive measure should be useful for assessing ARDS severity and monitoring response to therapy.

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Miranda, Lituânia Fialho de, Denise Sabbagh Haddad, Emiko Saito Arita, and Plauto Christopher Aranha Watanabe. "Quantitative and qualitative index for diagnosing osteopenia and osteoporosis in post-menopausal women." Clinical and Laboratorial Research in Dentistry 21, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2357-8041.clrd.2015.90130.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to devise a qualitatively and quantitatively reliable index for screening changes in mandibular bone density based on digital panoramic radiographs.Methods: A total of 252 panoramic radiographs and forearm bone densitometry scans of menopausal and post-menopausal women were examined. Diagnosis of osteopenia or osteoporosis was confirmed by comparing forearm densitometry diagnostic reports against diagnoses from radiographs.Results: Pearson’s tests showed a significant association between assessments by the Quantitative and Qualitative Panoramic Index (QQPI) based on panoramic radiography of the mandible and by densitometry (p &lt; 0.001). The Kappa statistic also revealed significant agreement between the two methods of assessment (p &lt; 0.001). A significant association was also found between results of panoramic radiographic assessments of left and right mandible sides (Kappa = 0.676; p &lt; 0.001).Conclusion: These results allowed confirmation of panoramic radiography as a useful method for detecting morphologic age-related changes in the mandible and creation of a single Quantitative and Qualitative Panoramic Index (QQPI) to aid the diagnosis of mandibular osteopenia/osteoporosis.

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Hoff, M., G. Haugeberg, S. Ødegård, et al. "Cortical hand bone loss after 1 year in early rheumatoid arthritis predicts radiographic hand joint damage at 5-year and 10-year follow-up." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 68, no. 3 (2008): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2007.085985.

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Objective:To examine 1-year hand bone loss in early rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as a predictor of radiographic damage at 5-year and 10-year follow-upMethods:A total of 136 patients with RA (disease duration 0–4 years) were followed for 10 years with clinical data and hand radiographs. Joint damage was scored according to the van der Heijde modification of the Sharp method (vdH Sharp score) and hand bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by digital x ray radiogrammetry (DXR). Group comparisons, correlation analyses and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between hand bone loss and radiographic joint damage.Results:Patients with hand BMD loss at 1 year had a higher median increase in vdH Sharp score compared to patients without loss at 5 years (12 vs 2, p = 0.001) and 10 years (22 vs 4, p = 0.002). In a linear regression model adjusting for age, gender, baseline C-reactive protein (CRP), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), IgM rheumatoid factor (RF) and radiographic damage, absolute hand DXR-BMD loss at 1 year was an independent predictor of radiographic outcome at 5 years (p<0.01) and 10 years (p = 0.02). In a logistic regression model the odds ratio (95% CI) for radiographic progression among patients with hand BMD loss was 3.5 (1.4 to 8.8) and 3.5 (1.4 to 8.4) at 5 and 10 years, respectively.Conclusion:Early hand bone loss measured by DXR-BMD is an independent predictor of subsequent radiographic damage. Our findings support that quantitative hand bone loss in RA precedes radiographic joint damage and may be used as a tool for assessment of bone involvement in RA.

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Nevitt, M. C., and D. T. Felson. "High bone density and radiographic osteoarthritis: questions answered and unanswered." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 28, no. 9 (2020): 1151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2020.05.006.

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Martin, R. Bruce, Thomas Papamichos, and Greg A. Dannucci. "Linear calibration of radiographic mineral density using video-digitizing methods." Calcified Tissue International 47, no. 2 (1990): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02555991.

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Stan, Camelia V., Alison M. Saunders, Matthew P. Hill, et al. "Radiographic areal density measurements on the OMEGA EP laser system." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 5 (2021): 053901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0043512.

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Baaklini, G. Y. "NDE Reliability and Process Control for Structural Ceramics." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 109, no. 3 (1987): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240034.

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The reliability of microfocus x-radiography and scanning laser acoustic microscopy for detecting microvoids in silicon nitride and silicon carbide was statistically evaluated. Materials and process-related parameters that influenced the statistical findings in research samples are discussed. The use of conventional x-radiography in controlling and optimizing the processing and sintering of an Si3N4-SiO2-Y2O3 composition designated NASA 6Y is described. Radiographic evaluation and guidance helped develop uniform high-density Si3N4 modulus-of-rupture bars with improved four-point flexural strength (857, 544, and 462 MPa at room temperature, 1200°C, and 1370°C, respectively) and reduced strength scatter.

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Lynn, Elizabeth T., Julia Chen, Eric J. Wilck, Kerri El-Sabrout, Chris C. Lo, and Celia M. Divino. "Radiographic Findings of Anastomotic Leaks." American Surgeon 79, no. 2 (2013): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481307900231.

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Although computed tomography (CT) scans play an important role in the diagnosis and management of anastomotic leaks (AL), there is no consensus on what radiographic findings are associated with AL. The purpose of this study is to identify the most common CT scan findings associated with AL and whether the amount of extraluminal air or the density of extraluminal fluid can be correlated with the presence of an AL. A retrospective chart review of 210 patients with anastomotic leaks from 2003 to 2010 at Mount Sinai Medical Center was performed. Eighty-six patients fit our criteria and were included. All CT scans were reread by an independent radiologist not involved with patient care. Our study included 59 per cent men and 41 per cent women with a mean age of 51 years. Diagnoses included inflammatory bowel disease (53%), malignancy (21%), and diverticulitis (12%). One hundred per cent of the patients had one of three findings: extraluminal air (92%), extraluminal fluid (88%), or extravasation of contrast (32%). Eighty-one per cent (70/86) had both fluid and air simultaneously. Extraluminal air was seen in 79 patients. The estimated amounts of extraluminal air were as follows: 0 to 25 mL (49%), 26 to 500 mL (41%), 500 to 1000 mL (5%), and more than 1000 mL (5%). The Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements of the fluid ranged from 3 to 633 HUs. The most common CT findings associated with AL are pneumoperitoneum and extraluminal fluid, including extravasation of contrast, which can be seen in up to 100 per cent of patients. The amount of estimated extraluminal air and density of fluid collection have no prognostic value in predicting AL.

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Dias, Bianca Marfil, Anderson F. de Souza, and André Luis do V. De Zoppa. "Evaluation of bone mineral density through radiographic optical densitometry in 42 canine femures." Clínica Veterinária XXVI, no. 150 (2021): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2021.xxvi.n.150.p.64-69.

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This study evaluates the bone mineral density of 42 canine femurs using radiographic optical densitometry and validates radiographic optical densitometry as a parameter to standardize bone tissue samples used in biomechanical tests, contributing to the diagnosis of osteoporosis in dogs. The ImageJ 1.46r® program was used for the radiographic optical densitometry. After selecting the aluminum steps and the area of interest in the femur, the data obtained were stored in a table and converted into mm/Al using the MS Excel® trend function. Statistical analysis demonstrated the absence of atypical values (outiliers) in the samples analyzed. The samples evaluated were homogeneous and the densitometric data obtained may contribute to reducing the scarcity of densitometric references in the veterinary literature. Ex vivo biomechanical studies may benefit from the method used in this study to standardize their sample when evaluating bone mineral density, validating their respective projects

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Goes, Paula, Ana Patrícia Souza Lima, Iracema Matos Melo, Rodrigo Otávio Citó César Rêgo, and Vilma Lima. "Effect of Atorvastatin in radiographic density on alveolar bone loss in wistar rats." Brazilian Dental Journal 21, no. 3 (2010): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402010000300003.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Atorvastatin (ATV) on alveolar bone loss induced in rats. Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement around the upper second left molar in a total of 24 male Wistar rats (± 200 g). Groups of 6 animals received via oral gavage either saline or ATV (1, 3 and 9 mg/kg) during 11 days. After this time, the animals were sacrificed and their maxillae were removed, defleshed, radiographed by Digora System®, and latter stained to be photographed using a digital camera. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Bonferroni test at 5% significance level and presented as mean ± SEM. ATV (9 mg/kg) caused a significant increase on gray tone variation of over 48% (118.3 ± 12.0 gray tones) when compared to saline (79.8 ± 6.2 gray tones), indicating greater radiographic density. These data were corroborated by macroscopic findings, where ATV (9 mg/kg) reduced alveolar bone loss by over 47% (p<0.05), when compared to the group of untreated animals (saline). In summary, ATV was able to prevent alveolar bone loss seen on a ligature-induced periodontitis model.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiographic density'

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