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1
Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
Full textAbstract:
Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
2
Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of Philosophy<br>Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
3
Polinsky, Adam S. "Evaluation and Comparison of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films and Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5767.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment.
Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. McNemar’s chi-squared test was used to determine agreement in the proportion of lesions that were absent (0x0) between the PA and corresponding view of CBCT. This data was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predicative value (NPV).
Results: A total of 51 patients with a median healing time of 13 months were included in the analysis. Significant healing was observed on both PA and CBCT images (p-value
Conclusion: Assessment using CBCT revealed a lower healing rate for all treatment categories compared with periapical radiographs. CBCT was more likely to detect the presence of a PARL, whereas a periapical radiograph would be less sensitive to detection of a PARL. Significant healing cannot be detected at an earlier point in time with PA radiographs or CBCT.
4
Almeida, Raquel Lopes da Costa Ferreira de. "Canine hip dysplasia: radiographic evaluation of german shepherds." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/30759.
Full textAbstract:
Canine hip dysplasia is a common orthopedic disorder that affects dogs of all ages and
breeds. The exact cause and hereditability of this condition remain unclear. However,
good progress has been made in recent years. It is described as a polygenic multifactorial
condition. Different treatments are available, whether a surgical or conservative approach
is pursued.
This dissertation includes a literature review considering the topic of canine hip dysplasia
and a preliminary, exploratory study that has the objective of evaluating different
radiographic measurements and investigating their correlations and their possible value
to help diagnose and differentiate German Shepherds with or without hip dysplasia. For
this purpose, acetabular measurements were made in radiographs obtained in the standard
hip-extended ventrodorsal view.
The results suggest statistically relevant differences between dysplastic and nondysplastic
and also between male and female dogs. However, further investigation on
these measurements and their utility is warranted; RESUMO:
DISPLASIA DE ANCA EM CÃES: AVALIAÇÃO RADIOGRÁFICA DE
PASTORES ALEMÃES EM PORTUGAL
Displasia de anca em cães é um problema ortopédico comum que afeta cães de todas as
idades e raças. As causas e heritabilidade exata desta condição continuam obscura. Apesar
de se ter registado um bom progresso ultimamente. É descrita como uma doença
poligénica e multifatorial. Diferentes tratamentos médicos e cirúrgicos estão disponíveis.
Esta dissertação inclui uma revisão bibliográfica sobre displasia de anca em cães e um
estudo preliminar e exploratório que tem como objetivo avaliar diferentes medidas
radiográficas e investigar as suas correlações e o seu potencial valor para ajudar no
diagnóstico e diferenciação de Pastores Alemães com ou sem displasia. Assim, foram
realizadas diferentes medidas acetabulares foram realizadas em radiografias obtidas na
vista ventrodorsal com os membros em extensão máxima.
Os resultados sugerem diferenças estatisticamente relevantes entre cães com e sem
displasia e entre machos e fêmeas. Contudo, mais estudos sobre estas medidas e a sua
utilidade são necessários.
5
Ho, Danny. "CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF NOBELACTIVETM DENTAL IMPLANTS." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7076.
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Månsson, Lars Gunnar. "Evaluation of radiographic procedures investigations related to chest imaging /." Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Radiation Physics, Göteborg University, 1994. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35482139.html.
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Colorado, Claudia. "Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of MTA Pulpotomies: A Retrospective Study." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3438.
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Vital pulp therapy is the group of procedures indicated to maintain pulp vitality allowing for continued root development and apical closure in the presence of pulp exposure due to caries or trauma. Complete maturation results in stronger tooth structure that is more able to withstand occlusal forces. Historically, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was the material of choice for a vital pulpotomy. Recently mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used as a pulp sealing material because of its biocompatibility and its ability to induce hard tissue barrier formation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of vital pulp therapy procedures performed with MTA. All patients receiving MTA pulpotomies and MTA pulp caps at Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry Graduate Endodontic Practice between November 30, 2009 and August 15, 2013 were recalled and evaluated for presence or absence of clinical symptoms, pulp vitality, radiographic evaluation of continued root development, dentin bridge formation or pulp canal obliteration. Results were analyzed descriptively. At time of treatment caries was found to be the most common etiologic factor. Fifty-seven percent of cases were symptomatic at time of treatment (43% asymptomatic). Forty-seven percent of the teeth presented with immature apices (53% with radiographically closed apices). Overall recall rate was 50%. At recall all teeth were clinically asymptomatic. Forty seven percent of teeth tested normally to cold (33% were non-responsive to cold) at recall. Pulp canal obliteration was seen in 6 cases, 4 molars and 2 anterior teeth. In conclusion, MTA pulpotomy and MTA direct pulp caps are a predictable treatment modality for young vital permanent teeth affected by caries or trauma.
8
Saunders, Andrea J. "An evaluation of radiographic screening for tuberculosis in immigrants to Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79120.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Foreign-born persons applying for permanent residence in Canada must undergo radiographic screening for tuberculosis (TB). As a screening tool for TB, however, the chest x-ray has a number of limitations.<br>Objectives. To evaluate the reliability of chest radiographic screening as well as its ability to detect prevalent active TB and predict future incident disease in immigrants to Canada.<br>Methods. Immigration screening x-rays were categorized by 12 physicians experienced in TB; observer agreement was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The prevalence and incidence of active TB diagnosed among applications screened at the Montreal Chest Institute between 1995 and 1998 was measured.<br>Results. Intra- and inter-observer agreement was fair to moderate. Among 36,433 applicants screened, 53 prevalent cases were detected (0.145%) and 19 incident cases were reported post-screening (25.7 per 100,000 person-years).<br>Conclusion. Radiographic screening successfully detects immigrants with active TB but is limited in preventing future incident cases. Observer agreement needs to be improved.
9
Barallat, Sendagorta Lucía. "Histologic and radiographic evaluation of different bone grafts in ridge preservation procedures." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392633.
Full textAbstract:
The main goal of this PhD project was to better understand how different types of bone
grafts behave in ridge preservation procedures. There is clear evidence that, after tooth
removal, a healing process takes place in which the blood clot that fills the socket is
gradually substituted with new bone. This process is accompanied by a reduction in height and width of the alveolar ridge. These events may result in limited bone
availability, which may compromise an adequate implant placement in order to replace the missing teeth.
For this reason, the insertion of different graft materials into the extraction socket has been reported. From the available evidence, it may be concluded that ridge preservation procedures do not completely prevent, but minimize loss of horizontal and vertical ridge alterations.
From an histological point of view, several studies have analyzed the histological
composition of previously preserved areas in order to determine the amount of vital bone formed. Since the additional benefits of different graft materials in terms of newly formed bone compared to natural healing of the extraction socket was still unknown, we conducted a systematic review in order to answer this question. Calcium sulfate, magnesium enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) and porcine-derived bone grafts resulted in a significant greater amount of newly formed bone than natural healing sites. Studies evaluating allografts, autologous bone and bioactive glass showed no statistical significant differences between treatment groups. Due to the great variability of the included studies, no firm conclusions could be drawn.
Demineralized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) and demineralized bone bovine mineral embedded in 10% collagen matrix (DBBM-C) have been widely used in regenerative therapies and particularly in ridge preservation procedures. However, the possible differences between both grafting materials had not previously been analysed.
Therefore, a double blind randomized clinical trial comparing DBBM and DBBM-C in ridge preservation procedures was conducted. A reduction in height and width was observed 5 months after tooth extraction in sites preserved either with DBBM or DBBM-C, but no significant differences were encountered between treatment groups. On the other hand, the histomorphometric analysis resulted in a similar composition in terms of new bone formation, non-mineralized connective tissue and residual graft particles in both treatment groups.
From the above mentioned research projects it may be concluded that there is no
consensus on which graft material offers the best outcomes from an histological point of view. More specifically, the results of the randomized clinical trial suggest that there are no statistically significant differences between DBBM and DBBM-C neither in height and width reduction of the alveolar ridge nor in their histological composition after a healing period of 5 months.<br>El objetivo final de este proyecto de tesis doctoral era conocer mejor el comportamiento de distintos materiales de injerto en la técnica de preservación alveolar. Hay evidencia de que, después de la extracción dental, comienza un proceso de cicatrización durante el cual el coágulo sanguíneo es progresivamente reemplazado por hueso nuevo. Además, se produce una reducción en altura y anchura de la cresta alveolar, que puede a su vez dar lugar a una disponibilidad ósea limitada pudiendo comprometer la posterior colocación de implantes.
Por este motivo, se ha propuesto la introducción de distintos materiales de injerto en el alveolo postextracción. La literatura científica sugiere que los procedimientos de preservación alveolar minimizan estas alteraciones dimensionales de la cresta en sentido horizontal y vertical .
Desde un punto de vista histológico, múltiples estudios han evaluado la composición histológica de áreas donde previamente se había realizado una preservación alveolar para determinar la cantidad y calidad del hueso nuevo formado. Como el beneficio adicional a nivel histológico de la preservación alveolar con distintos materiales de injerto respecto a la cicatrización natural del alveolo postextracción no se conocía, realizamos una revisión sistemática para responder esta cuestión. El sulfato de calcio, la hidroxiapatita enriquecida con magnesio (MHA) y los xenoinjertos de origen porcino resultaron en un porcentaje de hueso nuevo formado significativamente mayor que las áreas control. Otros estudios que utilizaron autoinjertos, aloinjertos o biovidrios no observaron diferencias significativas entre grupos. Sin embargo, debido a la gran variabilidad de los estudios incluídos, no se pudieron sacar conclusiones definitivas.
El injerto bovino desproteneizado (DBBM) y el injerto bovino desproteneizado en una matriz de colágeno (DBBM-C) han sido ampliamente utilizados en terapias regenerativas y, particularmente, en preservación alveolar aunque aún no se han analizado las posibles diferencias entre ambos materiales. Por eso se realizó un ensayo clínico randomizado a doble ciego comparando DBBM y DBBM-C en preservación alveolar. Cinco meses después de la extracción, se observó una reducción en anchura y altura de la cresta alveolar en ambos grupos de tratamiento, pero no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre ambos. Por otro lado, el análisis histomorfométrico demostró una composición histológica similar en áreas tratadas con DBBM y áreas tratadas con DBBM-C.
De los estudios mencionados previamente, se puede concluir que no hay un consenso sobre qué material de injerto ofrece los mejores resultados en cuanto a composición histológica. Particularmente, los resultados del ensayo clínico randomizado sugieren que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre DBBM y DBBM-C en cuanto a cambios dimensionales ni en cuanto a composición histológica 5 meses después de realizar la preservación alveolar.
10
Uhlhorn, Henrik. "Third carpal bone sclerosis : radiographic evaluation and clinical implications in standardbred trotters /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2000. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2000/91-576-5948-6.pdf.
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陳德錦 and Tak-kam Chan. "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of root canal treated teeth 10 to20 years after treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628089.
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Hazey, Michael A. "Sensitivity comparison evaluation of computer-generated three dimensional surface topography to conventional maxillofacial radiographic imagery." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2006. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=4481.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2006.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains x, 220 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-74).
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Chan, Tak-kam. "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of root canal treated teeth 10 to 20 years after treatment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628089.
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Nilsson, Kjell G. "Kinematics and fixation of total knee arthroplasties : a clinical, radiographic, scintimetric, and roentgen stereophotogrammetric evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Ortopedi, 1992. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-100552.
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Aseptic loosening of the tibial component is an important cause of failure after total knee arthroplasty. Bone destruction often claimed to be caused by the cement makes the revision difficult. In order to treat younger patients, uncemented fixation has been introduced, but the etiology to loosening is multifactorial and only partly known. Early detection of implant migration facilitates research in this field but is difficult using conventional techniques. In this study modified versions of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) were developed to obtain accurate and standardized evaluations facilitating comparison between prosthetic designs. The method was used to record the efficacy of cemented and uncemented fixation of different designs of the tibial component, to determine the accuracy of scintimetry in the detection of early aseptic loosening, and to analyse the in vivo kinematics of knee arthroplasties with different design and stability between the joint surfaces. Forty-three arthroplasties with comparatively high inherent stability of the joint surfaces were randomized to cemented or uncemented fixation of the tibial component. In all groups micromovements were rather large, but with no differences between the cemented and uncemented components. The preoperative diagnosis (arthrosis OA, n=25; rheumatoid arthritis RA, n=18) did not influence the magnitude of micromotion. 20 arthroplasties with the same design as above but equipped with an intramedullary stem, were randomized to cemented or uncemented fixation in patients with RA. Cement improved the fixation. Uncemented stemmed components displayed micromovements seemingly larger than unstemmed ones. 34 arthroplasties with an unconstrained design of the joint area and fixed to the tibia with four pegs were randomized to cemented or uncemented fixation in patients with OA. When used uncemented 4 screws were added. Compared with previously investigated designs small micromotions were recorded, and especially in the cemented cases. Uncemented components with thin polyethylene inserts displayed larger initial micromotions. The preoperative deformity influenced the direction of the micromotion. 33 knees were followed prospectively with RSA and scintimetry to evaluate any correlation between these methods. Low activity under the tibial component at 2 years implied prosthetic stability, whereas high activity indicated instability or high bone remodelling caused by the preoperative malalignment. The in vivo kinematics in three different designs of knee arthroplasties were analyzed during active flexion and extension without weight-bearing. Each type of prosthesis displayed design-specific abnormalities when compared with a normal material. Pronounced posterior tibial translations were recorded during flexion regardless whether the posterior cruciate ligament had been sacrificed or not. Data from the kinematic and the fixation studies suggest that movements restricted by the design of the joint area are transmitted to the bony interface with design-specific micromotions as the result. Analysis of knee joint kinematics during extension and weight-bearing revealed small alterations compared with non-weight-bearing. Evaluation of the three-dimensional movements in terms of helical axis rotations and translations confirmed the constrained or unconstrained in vivo behaviour of the designs under study. This analysis also facilitated the interpretation of the kinematic behaviour of the prosthetic knees and may be of value in the evaluation of new designs.<br><p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1992, härtill 7 uppsatser.</p><br>digitalisering@umu
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Christersson, Albert. "Fractures of the distal radius : Factors related to radiographic evaluation, conservative treatment and fracture healing." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Ortopedi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-312931.
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Distal radius fractures (DRFs) are one of the most common injuries encountered in orthopaedic practise. Such fractures are most often treated conservatively, but surgical treatment has become increasingly common. This trend is not entirely scientifically based The aims of this thesis were threefold: to increase measurement precision in dorsal angulation (DA) on radiographs and computer tomographies (CTs); to assess the results after shortened plaster cast fixation time in reduced DRFs; and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of applying Augment® (rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP) in DRFs. In Paper I and Appendix 1 and 2, a semi-automatic CT-based three-dimensional method was developed to measure change in DA over time in DRFs. This approach proved to be a better (more sensitive) method than radiography in determining changes in DA in fractures of the distal radius. In Paper II, a CT model was used to simulate lateral radiographic views of different radial directions in relation to the X-ray. Using an alternative reference point on the distal radius, precision and accuracy in measuring DA was increased. Paper III and IV are based on a prospective and randomised clinical study (the GitRa trial) that compares clinical and radiographic outcomes after plaster cast removal at 10 days versus 1 month in 109 reduced DRFs. Three patients in the early mobilised group were excluded because of fracture dislocation (n=2) or a feeling of fracture instability (n=1). For the remaining patients in the early mobilised group (51/54) a limited but temporary gain in range of motion, but a slight increase in radiographic displacement were observed. Our results suggest that plaster cast removal at 10 days after reduction of DRFs is not feasible. Paper V is based on a prospective, randomised clinical study (the GEM trial) in which 40 externally fixated DRFs were randomised to rhPDGF-BB/β-TCP into the fracture gap or to the control group. Augment® proved to be convenient and safe during follow-up (24 weeks). However, because of the nature of the study design, the effect on fracture healing could not be determined. A decrease in pin infections was seen in the Augment® group, a finding we could not explain.
16
Brealey, Stephen. "An evaluation of radiographer plain radiograph reporting." Thesis, University of York, 2003. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14062/.
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Meggiolaro, Silvia. "Comparison of a 3-dimensional model and standard radiographic evaluation of femoral and tibial angles in the dog." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427216.
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Bone deformities are a common problem in veterinary medicine. These problems are frequently related to the main hind limb pathologies that commonly affect our animals, such as hip dypslasia, cranial cruciate ligament rupture and patellar luxation. It has been demonstrated that a precise and accurate preoperative planning is crucial to the success of the corrective surgeries.
The assessment of hind limb deformities has been studied in the past years and up till now there is still a lot of confusion in understanding what could be the best method to apply for a correct evaluation of the deformity. Several methods have been suggested to measure femoral and tibial angles, some studies suggested even an assessment using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. During the last years new methods combining traditional images with reverse engineering technique have been suggested too but although the use of different techniques have been described, radiographic measurement still represents the most common method used for the interpretation of hind limb deformities.
This study aimed to compare a 3-dimensional model with standard radiographic evaluation of femoral and tibial angles.
Cadavers of eight adult dogs, deceased for reason unrelated to this study, were obtained. Radiographs were obtained using four standard projections: an elevated-torso/hip-extended radiograph, a mediolateral radiograph of the femur, a caudocranial view of the stifle joint and a mediolateral radiograph of the stifle. All radiographs included in the study were made by two single individuals and reviewed and approved in terms of quality and positiong by three different examiners.
Evaluation of the neck-shaft angle, the aLPFA, mLPFA, aMDFA and mMDFA, the angle of version and the varus angle for the femur and of the mMPTA, mMDTA and MAD for the tibia, was performed applying the main methods available in literature.
After femoral and stifle radiographs were made of each cadaver, the femurs and tibia were harvested and freed of all of the soft tissues sparing the articular cartilage. Every bone was then scanned to create a 3-dimensional computed model.
Using RAPIDFORM 2006 (Inus Technology INC.) we could manipulate the shell to evaluate all of the angles previously determined in the 2-dimensional model.
The average error in assessing mLPFA , mMDFA , mMPTA and mMDTA, was less than 5% comparing the 2-dimensional method with our 3-dimensional model. Based on these findings, we feel that the reported radiographic methodologies and values may be used to diagnose and quantify hindlimb deformities with a good accuracy.
aLPFA and aMDFA values were acceptable for three of the four methods and neck-shaft angle was better represented from the combination of Symax method for the neck axis and Kowalesky's method for the anatomic one.<br>Le deformita' ossee rappresentano un problema relativamente comune in mediacina veterinaria. Queste alterazioni sono frequentemente associate ad alcune delle principali patologie ortopediche dell'arto posteriore che comunemente affliggono i nostri animali, come per esempio la displasia dell'anca, la rottura del legamento crociato craniale e la lussazione di rotula. E' stato dimostrata la necessita' di eseguire planning preoperatori accurati e precisi, cio' risulta fondamentale per il successo di eventuali chirurgie correttive.
Le principali linee guida per la misurazione delle deviazioni ossee sono state studiate nel corso degli anni e ad oggi persiste un ampio dibattito su quale possa essere considerato il metodo migliore per una valutazione delle deformita'. Sono stati suggeriti diversi metodi per la misura degli angoli femorali e tibiali, alcuni lavori suggeriscono l'impiego di tac e risonanza magnetica. Durante gli ultimi anni sono stati proposti metodi innovativi che combinano le metodologie tradizionali con l'impiego di elaborati software ingegneristici per la rielaborazione delle immagini e creazione di modelli tridimensionali. Nonostante sia stato suggerito l'impego di diverse tecniche, nel panorama odierno la radiografia continua a rappresentare il metodo piu' comunemente utilizzato per l'interpretazione delle deformita' scheletriche dell'arto posteriore.
Questo studio vuole confrontare un modello 3-dimensionale e il metodo radiografico standard nella valutazione degli angoli femorali e tibiali.
Sono stati ottenuti otto cadaveri di cani adulti, deceduti per cause esterne allo studio. Tutti i soggetti sono stati sottoposti a studio radiografico di entrambi gli arti posteriori, eseguendo quattro proiezioni standard: una proiezione ventrodorsale “a cane seduto”, una proiezione mediolaterale del femore, una caudocraniale ed una mediolaterale del ginocchio e della gamba. Tutte le radiografie incluse nel presente studio sono state selezionate in termini di qualita' e posizionamento da tre diversi operatori.
E' stata quidi eseguita la valutazione dell'angolo cervico-diafisario, dell'aLPFA, mLPFA e mMDFA, l'angolo di versione e l'angolo di varismo femorale per il femore, e dell'angolo mMPTA, mMDTA e MAD, per la tibia, utilizzando alcuni dei principali metodi descritti in letteratura.
Dopo l'esecuzione delle proiezioni radiografiche, sono stati scheletrizzati i femori e le tibie risparmiando la cartilagine articolare. L'immagine di ogni osso e' stata quindi acquisita tramite l'impiego di uno scanner per creare successivamente un modello tridimensionale.
Usando il programma RAPIDFORM 2006 (Inus Technology INC.) abbiamo potuto lavorare con il nostro modello per valutare tutti I valori precedentemente calcolati nell'immagine radiografica.
L'errore medio nella valutazione del mLPFA , mMDFA , mMPTA and mMDTA, e' stato inferiore al 5% confrontando il modello bidimensionale con quello tridimensionale. Basandoci su questi risultati ci sentiamo di suggerire che le metodologie radiografiche descritte possono essere utilizzate per diagnosticare e quantificare le deformita' degli arti posteriori con una buona accuratezza.
I valori ottenuti per gli angli aLPFA e aMDFA sono stati accettabili in tre dei quettro metodi applicati mentre il metodo che meglio ha rappresentato l'angolo crevico-diafisario e' risultato dalla combinazione dell'utilizzo dell'asse cervicale Symax con l'anatomico di Kowalesky .
I metodi utilizzati per il calcolo degli angoli di varismo femorale, verione e MAD sono risultati non accettabili con un valore del parametro p significativamente > 0.1 in tutti I casi.
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Pinto, Daniela Nunes. "Clinical and radiographic evaluation of two types of sealers used in endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth after trauma." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3860.
Full textAbstract:
FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>The endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth after trauma has been advocated for maintaining functional and aesthetic rules of these teeth the oral cavity. Various materials have been used for root canal filling of deciduous teeth, but none meets all the criteria for an ideal filling material. In view of the lack of consensus in the literature about the best filling material to be used for this purpose, the objective of this study was to compare two root canal filling materials used in endodontic treatment of necrotic primary teeth after trauma. The sample consisted of 31 teeth, and a total of 26 patients between 2 and 5 years old. The filling materials used were zinc oxide and eugenol (Group I) and Calen  paste thickened with zinc oxide (Group II). The endodontic treatment was performed in two sessions with an interval of 30 days between them; Calen  was used as a root canal dressing. Clinical success was evaluated by no pain, mobility, and fistula and radiographic success was based on the absence or reduction of lesion, absence of pathological root resorption and the presence of new bone formation. There was a success rate of 93.3% for Group I and 87.5% for Group II. The results were submitted to statistical analysis by Fisher test and there was no statistically significant difference between groups. It has been demonstrated that zinc oxide and eugenol and Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide can be indicated for endodontic therapy of deciduous teeth, and these two filling materials did not differ in the clinical success of treatment.<br>O tratamento endodÃntico de dentes decÃduos necrosados apÃs trauma tem sido preconizado para a manutenÃÃo funcional e estÃtica dos mesmos na cavidade bucal. Diversos materiais sÃo utilizados para obturaÃÃo de canais radiculares de dentes decÃduos anteriores, porÃm nenhum preenche todos os requisitos de um material obturador ideal. Tendo em vista, que nÃo hà consenso na literatura quanto ao melhor material obturador a ser utilizado com essa finalidade, o objetivo deste trabalho foi o de comparar dois cimentos obturadores usados no tratamento endodÃntico de dentes decÃduos necrosados apÃs trauma. A presente amostra consistiu de 31 dentes, totalizando 26 pacientes entre 2 a 5 anos de idade. Os materiais obturadores utilizados para a obturaÃÃo foram o Ãxido de zinco e eugenol (Grupo I) e a pasta Calen espessada com Ãxido de zinco (Grupo II). O tratamento endodÃntico foi realizado em duas sessÃes com intervalo de 30 dias entre as mesmas, sendo utilizada a pasta Calen como curativo entre sessÃes. O sucesso clÃnico foi avaliado atravÃs da ausÃnÃia de dor, mobilidade e fÃstula e o sucesso radiogrÃfico se baseou na ausÃncia ou diminuiÃÃo de lesÃo periapical, a ausÃncia de reabsorÃÃo patolÃgica da raiz e presenÃa de neoformaÃÃo Ãssea. Pode-se verificar um Ãndice de sucesso de 93,3 % para o Grupo I e 87,5% para o Grupo II. Os resultados foram submetidos à anÃlise estatÃstica pelo teste de Fisher nÃo havendo diferenÃas estatisticamente significativas entre os Grupos, pois p = 1. Pode-se concluir que: O Ãxido de zinco e eugenol e a pasta Calen espessada com Ãxido de zinco nÃo apresentam diferenÃas no tratamento de dentes decÃduos necrosados apÃs trauma, com um acompanhamento de 1 ano, podendo ser indicados para este fim.
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He, Libo [Verfasser]. "Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone level changes around implants and abutment with non-corresponding diameters : a prospective pilot study / Libo He." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113592915/34.
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He, LiBo [Verfasser]. "Radiographic evaluation of crestal bone level changes around implants and abutment with non-corresponding diameters : a prospective pilot study / Libo He." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1113592915/34.
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Antonious, Marian. "Clinical, radiographic and histologic evaluation of a novel alveolar ridge reconstruction approach in post-extraction dehiscence defects: a case series study." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3246.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose:
The purpose of this case series study was to clinically, radiographically and histologically evaluate the treatment of dehiscence defects in extraction sockets using a minimally-invasive GBR technique that involved the application of a particulate bone allograft and a non-resorbable d-PTFE (Dense polytetrafluoroethylene) membrane.
Methods:
Subjects with single-rooted teeth exhibiting a bone dehiscence defect indicated for extraction and interested in future implant therapy for tooth replacement were recruited based on eligibility criteria. An intraoral scan and a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan of the arch containing the tooth to be extracted were obtained prior to tooth extraction. Following minimally invasive tooth extraction and debridement, the presence of a dehiscence defect was confirmed After creating a soft tissue ‘pouch’ using tunneling instruments, a d-PTFE barrier membrane, trimmed to a size and shape that would allow for complete extension over the intact bone surrounding the dehiscence defect, was tucked between the mucosa and the alveolar bone. Then, the extraction sockets were grafted with particulate allograft and sealed with an extension of the membrane, which was stabilized using a cross mattress suture. Subjects were recalled at one, two, five, and twenty week(s) to monitor healing and assess the level of discomfort using a visual analog scale at the end of each visit. At the 5-week visit, the membrane was gently removed and the site was left to heal by secondary intention. At 20 weeks after tooth extraction a second intraoral scan and CBCT scan were obtained to radiographically evaluate the site for implant placement. Bone volumetric reconstructions of the alveolar ridge at baseline and at 20 weeks were made using the CBCT data to assess changes affecting the bone housing. If the site healed adequately, implant placement was performed at 24 weeks after tooth extraction. At the time of implant placement, a bone core biopsy was obtained in order to histologically analyze the characteristics of the grafted substrate. The ability to achieve implant placement and the need for additional grafting at the time of implant placement were recorded. Subjects returned for the final study visit at 2 weeks following implant placement to evaluate the healing prior to being referred to the restorative dentist.
The main outcomes of interest included the magnitude of volumetric changes of the alveolar ridge, both at a hard and soft tissue level, as measured using the radiographic CBCT and intraoral scan data. Secondary outcomes included the change in buccal and lingual bone height, histologic outcomes, and patient-centered outcomes. One-sample t-tests were performed to assess whether the observed changes in volume and bone heights were significantly different than zero.
Results:
At baseline, the average defect height in an apico-coronal dimension as measured clinically was 7.7mm. Linear radiographic measurements revealed an increase in buccal bone height of 4.87mm at 20 weeks following the surgery, indicating that the ridge defects were effectively repaired. Interestingly, the average reduction in ridge volume at 20 weeks was only 1.69% as measured on CBCT scans and 12.15% as measured on the intraoral scans; only the latter, which included the soft tissue component of the alveolar ridge, was found to be statistically significant. All treated sites demonstrated adequate ridge volume and height at the 20-week follow-up to allow for implant placement at 24 weeks, without need for further site development or delayed implant placement. All implants demonstrated adequate primary stability at the time of implant placement. Although adequate bony housing was present at all of the prepared osteotomies to provide stability, seven of the fourteen sites underwent additional bone grafting at the time of implant placement to increase the thickness of the buccal bone and provide support for a stable soft tissue profile. The histological analysis of bone core biopsies [n=9] revealed the presence of remaining allograft particles that were well integrated with vital bone. Among these samples, an average area of 31.4% mineralized tissue, 17.7% remaining allograft, and 50.9% non-mineralized tissue was measured. Additionally, the procedure employed was very well accepted by patients, with low reported pain that was decreasing over the follow-up period. The highest mean pain reported score using the VAS scale was 19/100 at the 2-week follow-up following the baseline surgery and this decreased and remained low [mean VAS ranging 3.1-7.8] through the remainder of the study. Patients reported a very high satisfaction level at the study’s completion – a mean of 95.1% satisfaction.
Conclusions:
The reconstructive technique employed in this study for the treatment of extraction sites exhibiting significant bone dehiscences was highly successful, allowing for the predictable treatment of deficient ridges via implant therapy, and it was well accepted by the participants.
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Yuan, Anna [Verfasser], and Siegmar [Akademischer Betreuer] Reinert. "Investigation of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw by real-time in vitro assays, histologic examination, and radiographic evaluation / Anna Yuan ; Betreuer: Siegmar Reinert." Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1199356395/34.
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Lima, Vicente José Muratore de. "\"Estudo prospectivo dos parâmetros periodontais e peri-implantares dos pilares que recebem prótese dento-implanto-suportada\"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23137/tde-30102006-153856/.
Full textAbstract:
Desde a introdução dos implantes na Odontologia, controvérsias tem havido acerca da propriedade de conectar os implantes a dentes em próteses fixas. Os implantes osseointegrados não apresentam nenhum ligamento periodontal e são mais firmemente ancorados ao osso. A diferença apresentada nesta ancoragem tem levantado preocupações acerca de o implante osseointegrado, por sua firme fixação ao osso, apresentar pouca flexibilidade para dividir as cargas funcionais com os dentes conectados. O presente estudo teve como propósito acompanhar prospectivamente os parâmetros periodontais ? índice gengival, índice de sangramento, profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção entre o dente pilar de uma prótese dento-implanto-suportada com o dente colateral do mesmo paciente, e também os parâmetros peri-implantares dos implantes que suportam estas próteses - índice gengival; índice de sangramento; profundidade de sondagem e perda de inserção. Para verificar a perda de inserção foi utilizado o recurso da subtração radiográfica da região em que a prótese foi instalada, com tomadas radiográficas efetuadas no momento da instalação da prótese, decorridos seis meses e após 12 meses de uso, com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência, ou não, de alteração do suporte ósseo peri-implantar. Foram selecionados 12 pacientes com estado de saúde normal, apresentando área posterior de mandíbula edêntula onde estava indicada a reabilitação protética por meio de prótese fixa unindo dente a implante. Estes foram tratados com implante de um estágio de 10 mm padrão da Straumann (ITI), que apresenta um pescoço polido de 2.8mm, onde a porção do implante que permanece intra-óssea apresenta uma superfície tratada, com diâmetro de 4.1mm. O implante foi instalado no espaço onde se localizaria o retentor mais distal da futura prótese parcial fixa, seguindo o protocolo. As radiografias digitais obtidas foram avaliadas num software de subtração radiográfica, Matrox Inspector versão oito, para verificar a alteração da variação de densidade óptica e contraste das radiografias quando superpostas, sendo os valores observados no implante comparados com os critérios de sucessos , amplamente abordados nos estudos verificados. Todos os implantes instalados nos pacientes osseointegraram, não houve registro de alteração óssea ao redor dos mesmos e nos dentes pilares das próteses em avaliações feitas após seis meses e 12 meses. As próteses continuaram clinicamente em excelente estado após 12 meses de avaliação nas análises clínicas e radiográficas. Ainda, de acordo com o teste de Sinais de Postos de ilcoxon, concluiu-se estatisticamente que não houve diferença nos parâmetros peri-implantares de cada paciente durante os períodos analisados (zero, seis meses e 12 meses), bem como quando comparados com os respectivos dentes colaterais.<br>Since the introduction of implants in Dentistry, controversies have arisen about the possibility of connecting implants to teeth in fixed prostheses. Osseointegrated implants do no present any periodontal ligature and are more firmly anchored to the bone. The difference presented by this type of anchorage has led to some concern about the limited flexibility of the osseointegrated implant to share the functional loads with the connected teeth. This study intended to follow-up prospectively the periodontal parameters bleeding index, probing depth between the pillar tooth of an implant supported prosthesis with one control tooth of the same patient and also the implants that support theses prostheses. That is why subtraction radiography of the region in which the prosthesis was placed was used, with radiographs taken at prosthesis placement, after six months and one year of use to verify if the periimplant osseous support had or had not undergone changes. Twelve patients with normal health conditions were selected who presented a posterior area edentulous jaw where a prosthetic rehabilitation by a fixed prosthesis joining tooth to implant was indicated. Patients were treated with an implant of one stage of 10mm standard Straumann (ITI) with a 2.8 mm polished neck, in which the remaining intraosseous portion of the implant has a treated surface of 4.1 mm diameter. The implant was placed in the space where according to the protocol, the more distal retainer of the future fixed partial prosthesis would be located. Digital radiographs were assessed with a subtraction radiography software Matrox Inspector version eight, to corroborate the change of contrast in the radiographs when superimposed, with values observed in the implant compared with the success criteria , widely mentioned in surveyed studies. All implants placed in patients became osseointegrated. There was no record of bone change around them and in the dental pillars of the prostheses at the one year follow-up. Prostheses continue to be in excellent conditions after the one year follow-up based upon clinical and radiographic analyses. Furthermore, in accordance with the Wilcoxon test of matched pairs and signed rank, it was concluded that there was no statistical difference between each group of each patient during the time period analyzed (baseline and one year) as well as when the pillars were compared to their respective controls.
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Teixeira, João Afoito de Almeida. "Avaliação radiográfica de osteocondrose como contributo na selecção de reprodutores equinos da raça Puro Sangue Lusitano." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1573.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A osteocondrose (OC) é uma doença ortopédica do desenvolvimento com importantes
repercussões no sector da indústria equina. Tratando-se de uma doença multifactorial para
a qual contribuem em cerca de 75% os factores ambientais e em 25% a predisposição
genética, é compreensível que da manipulação dos primeiros factores seja esperada uma
maior influência sobre a prevalência da OC nas populações. Os factores ambientais são
determinados diferenciadamente por cada criador. Sobre estas circunstâncias os livros
genealógicos não possuem qualquer controlo. No entanto, é possível que este seja exercido
ao nível da selecção de reprodutores. Esta toma, assim, especial importância no combate
contra a OC. Nestes protocolos de selecção, o diagnóstico radiográfico apresenta-se como o
método imagiológico de eleição na avaliação das lesões osteocondrais.
O objectivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar radiograficamente possíveis lesões de OC
numa população de 36 garanhões da raça Puro Sangue Lusitano. Foram obtidas imagens
radiográficas em suporte digital das articulações metacarpofalângicas, metatarsofalângicas,
tarsocrurais e femoropatelares. Todos os cavalos foram sujeitos a uma sedação prévia aos
exames radiográficos.
Avaliando os resultados obtidos, e ao comparar os dados entre articulações, verificou-se
uma maior prevalência de lesões de OC no conjunto das articulações do boleto num total de
47,2%. No entanto, caso essas articulações sejam analisadas separadamente como
metacarpofalângicas e metatarsofalângicas, a maior prevalência de OC, ao considerar o
universo das 4 articulações estudadas, corresponderá à do curvilhão com 36,1%. Um valor
relativamente inferior de 17,1% foi encontrado ao nível da soldra. No total de animais
radiografados, 74,3% evidenciaram a existência de alguma lesão osteocondrótica.
Embora admitindo que a população estudada possa não reflectir exactamente a realidade
para a raça no geral, estes resultados deverão ser interpretados como um alerta para a
presença da osteocondrose em níveis potencialmente importantes e que justificam a
necessidade da criação de um protocolo de selecção contra a osteocondrose.<br>ABSTRACT -
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OSTEOCONDROSIS AS A CONTRIBUTE IN
THE SELECTION OF STUD-HORSES OF THE PURO SANGUE LUSITANO
BREED -
The osteochondrosis (OC) is a developmental orthopaedic disease with important
repercussion on the horse-breeding industry. Being a disease due to multiple factors, to
which contribute the environmental factors, with about 75%, and the genetic predisposition,
with 25%, it’s understandable that from the manipulation of the first factors a bigger influence
on the prevalence of the OC is expected. The environmental factors are diversely determined
by each breeder. The studbooks have no control on these circumstances. However, it is
possible that some control can be done at the level of the selection of studs. So, selection is
of special importance in the fight against OC. In these registries of selection, the
radiographic diagnosis appears as the image method of excellence in the OC injuries
evaluation.
The main goal of this study was to evaluate in radiographic terms the possible OC injuries in
a population of 36 stallions of Puro Sangue Lusitano breed. Digitally supported radiographic
images of the metacarpophalangeal, metatarsophalangeal, tarsocrural and femoropatellar
articulations were taken, and all the horses were submitted to previous sedation.
Evaluating the obtained data, comparing the results among articulations, a bigger prevalence
of OC injuries was verified, in the whole of the fetlock joints articulations, which was about
47.2%. However, if these articulations are to be analysed separately, as
metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal, the biggest prevalence of OC, considering
the universe of the four studied articulations, will correspond to the hock joint articulation,
with 36.1%. A relatively inferior value of 17.1% was found at the stifle level. In the total set of
analysed animals, 74.3 % showed the existence of some OC injury.
Although admitting that the studied population may not exactly reflect the reality in terms of
the general breed, these results must be interpreted as an alert to the presence of
osteochondrosis in potentially important levels, which justify the need for a selection registry
against osteochondrosis.
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Jacome, Victor Roland. "Evaluation of dose and image quality parameters for cone-beam CT localization protocols in radiation therapy." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.
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Kobayashi, Masatake. "Evaluation Tools to Quantify Congestion and Prognostic Implication in Patients with Heart Failure." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0165.
Full textAbstract:
La congestion réfère aux œdèmes pulmonaires et systémiques habituellement observés dans un contexte d’augmentation des pressions intracardiaques. C’est un prédicteur majeur de mauvais pronostic en insuffisance cardiaque (IC). Une meilleure évaluation et quantification de la congestion au cours du parcours de soins (en amont d’une décompensation, aux urgences, en cours d’hospitalisation et en contexte ambulatoire) est souhaitable pour améliorer la stratification du risque et le management de ces patients. Des outils d’évaluation de la congestion facilement accessibles et d’utilisation simple seraient utiles dans ce contexte. Nous avons évalué 1) la capacité diagnostique et pronostique du score de congestion pulmonaire radiologique dans le contexte de la dyspnée aigue, 2) les implications cliniques et pronostiques de la quantification du volume plasmatique estimé à partir de l’hémoglobine et de l’hématocrite sanguine en IC et 3) l’utilité de la combinaison de ces 2 variables en IC décompensée. Nous avons dans un premier temps étudié la valeur diagnostique et pronostique d’un score radiologique de congestion pulmonaire. Nos résultats montrent que ce score améliore la performance diagnostique en plus de l’utilisation de variables cliniques et la valeur pronostique en IC. Concernant notre deuxième marqueur d’intérêt de congestion, le volume plasmatique estimé, nous avons évaluer son association avec des variables biologiques, échographiques et hémodynamiques de congestion ainsi qu’avec le risque d’évènements cliniques dans différents contextes (en IC décompensée et en IC avec fraction d’éjection préservée). Nos résultats suggèrent que le volume plasmatique estimé est un marqueur de congestion préférentiellement gauche et est associé au pronostic des patients IC. Par ailleurs, nous avons exploré la valeur pronostique combinée du score radiologique de congestion pulmonaire et du volume plasmatique estimé chez des patients hospitalisés pour aggravation d’IC et, avons trouvé qu’une approche bivariable avait une valeur importante pour la stratification du risque dans les suites de l’hospitalisation. Notre travail souligne l’utilité clinique du score radiologique de congestion pulmonaire, du volume plasmatique estimé et de leur évaluation conjointe dans le champ de l’IC. Par ailleurs, nous montrons la bonne performance d’une approche mêlant marqueurs d’imagerie et marqueurs biologiques évaluant différentes composantes de la congestion. Dans la lignée de ces travaux, une intégration des marqueurs de congestion au sein d’une démarche multiparamétrique pourrait apporter une meilleure caractérisation du profil congestif individuel. Des travaux futurs utilisant de grandes bases de données comportant des informations relatives à des variables variées de congestion pourrait aider à l’intégration de ces variables à des modèles diagnostiques et pronostiques en IC<br>Congestion expresses systemic and pulmonary edema associated with elevated intracardiac pressure, and is a major predictor of poor prognosis in heart failure (HF). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to better assess congestion at each point of patient management (i.e., before progression to decompensation, prior discharge assessment, outpatient clinic). Accumulated data highlighted that several evaluation tools of congestion can help clinicians diagnose acute HF and manage optimally patients with chronic HF or acutely decompensated HF. However, the availability of these congestion markers may limit their clinical utility. Readily and widely available evaluation tool is warranted to quantify and/or monitor congestion and eventually improve risk-stratification. Congestion score evaluated from chest radiography and plasma volume estimated from hemoglobin and hematocrit may provide relevant information in patients with HF. Our aims were; 1) to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic performance of radiographic pulmonary congestion quantification in acute HF; 2) to evaluate the clinical and prognostic implications of estimated plasma volume (ePV) in HF; and 3) to assess the prognostic value of a combination of these congestion markers. We studied the diagnostic value of a radiographic congestion score for acute HF, and its prognostic value in acute HF. Our results showed that this score improved clinical-based diagnostic performance, and expressed residual congestion with poor prognostic value in acute HF. Regarding our second congestion marker of interest, ePV, we investigated its associations with biological, echocardiographic and hemodynamic markers of congestion and outcomes in different settings of HF (HF with preserved ejection fraction, and acute HF). Our results suggested that ePV appears as a left-sided congestion marker (i.e., natriuretic peptide) and an independent prognostic marker. Furthermore, we explored the prognostic value of the combination of radiographic congestion score and ePV on admission in patients hospitalized for worsening HF in different patient populations/managements (emergency department and cardiology department), and found that this bivariable approach had promising prognostic utility for in-hospital outcomes and post-discharge short-term outcomes. Our work provided the clinical relevance of radiographic pulmonary congestion scoring, ePV and their combination in patients with HF. Throughout our research, better performance of a combination of different type congestion markers was observed; thus, integration of multiple congestion markers might provide more pragmatic and clinically useful information about diagnosis for HF and prognosis in HF. Further research would be warranted
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Maschio, Maria Celeste. "Performance evaluation of detector for digital radiography." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8317/.
Full textAbstract:
Lo scopo di questo lavoro è la caratterizzazione fisica del flat panel PaxScan4030CB Varian, rivelatore di raggi X impiegato in un ampio spettro di applicazioni cliniche, dalla radiografia generale alla radiologia interventistica.
Nell’ambito clinico, al fine di una diagnosi accurata, è necessario avere una buona qualità dell’immagine radiologica mantenendo il più basso livello di dose rilasciata al paziente.
Elemento fondamentale per ottenere questo risultato è la scelta del rivelatore di radiazione X, che deve garantire prestazioni fisiche (contrasto, risoluzione spaziale e rumore) adeguati alla specifica procedura. Le metriche oggettive che misurano queste caratteristiche sono SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio), MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) ed NPS (Noise Power Spectrum), che insieme contribuiscono alla misura della DQE (Detective Quantum Efficiency), il parametro più completo e adatto a stabilire le performance di un sistema di imaging. L’oggettività di queste misure consente anche di mettere a confronto tra loro diversi sistemi di rivelazione.
La misura di questi parametri deve essere effettuata seguendo precisi protocolli di fisica medica, che sono stati applicati al rivelatore PaxScan4030CB presente nel laboratorio del Centro di Coordinamento di Fisica Medica, Policlinico S.Orsola.
I risultati ottenuti, conformi a quelli dichiarati dal costruttore, sono stati confrontati con successo con alcuni lavori presenti in letteratura e costituiscono la base necessaria per la verifica di procedure di ottimizzazione dell’immagine radiologica attraverso interventi sul processo di emissione dei raggi X e sul trattamento informatico dell’immagine (Digital Subtraction Angiography).
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Rivetti, Di Val Cervo Stefano <1975>. "Performance evaluation of detectors for digital radiography." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3611/1/stefano_rivetti_tesi.pdf.
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To date the hospital radiological workflow is completing a transition from analog to digital technology. Since the X-rays digital detection technologies have become mature, hospitals are trading on the natural devices turnover to replace the conventional screen film devices with digital ones. The transition process is complex and involves not just the equipment replacement but also new arrangements for image transmission, display (and reporting) and storage.
This work is focused on 2D digital detector’s characterization with a concern to specific clinical application; the systems features linked to the image quality are analyzed to assess the clinical performances, the conversion efficiency, and the minimum dose necessary to get an acceptable image.
The first section overviews the digital detector technologies focusing on the recent and promising technological developments.
The second section contains a description of the characterization methods considered in this thesis categorized in physical, psychophysical and clinical; theory, models and procedures are described as well.
The third section contains a set of characterizations performed on new equipments that appears to be some of the most advanced technologies available to date.
The fourth section deals with some procedures and schemes employed for quality assurance programs.
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Rivetti, Di Val Cervo Stefano <1975>. "Performance evaluation of detectors for digital radiography." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3611/.
Full textAbstract:
To date the hospital radiological workflow is completing a transition from analog to digital technology. Since the X-rays digital detection technologies have become mature, hospitals are trading on the natural devices turnover to replace the conventional screen film devices with digital ones. The transition process is complex and involves not just the equipment replacement but also new arrangements for image transmission, display (and reporting) and storage.
This work is focused on 2D digital detector’s characterization with a concern to specific clinical application; the systems features linked to the image quality are analyzed to assess the clinical performances, the conversion efficiency, and the minimum dose necessary to get an acceptable image.
The first section overviews the digital detector technologies focusing on the recent and promising technological developments.
The second section contains a description of the characterization methods considered in this thesis categorized in physical, psychophysical and clinical; theory, models and procedures are described as well.
The third section contains a set of characterizations performed on new equipments that appears to be some of the most advanced technologies available to date.
The fourth section deals with some procedures and schemes employed for quality assurance programs.
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MELO, áureo Honorato e. "Estudo comparativo da densidade radiográfica de diferentes cimentos odontológicos restauradores à base de ionômero de vidro." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2007. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1366.
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Previous issue date: 2007-10-05<br>Glass ionomer cements are generally represented by a combination of a powder, which main components are alumina (Al2O3 ), silica (Si2O3 ) and calcium fluoride (CaF2 ), and a liquid, which is an aqueous solution basically compound of polyacrilic acid and tartaric acid. Its excellent features have
been described since the 1960 s, and some of these are the radiopacity and fluoride release. The aim of this work is to study the radiopacity measured by radiographic exposures of the following restorative glass ionomers: Vidrion R (SS White Manufacturing Ltd, Gloucester, England); Chemfil (DENTSPLY DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany); Vitro Molar (DFL); Maxxion R (FGM Dental products Ltd); Riva self cure powder and liquid and Riva self cure in capsules (Riva SC, SDI Ltd, Bayswater, Australia) and to make comparisons among them. Then, different radiographic densities from an aluminum scale were attained and they could be compared and used in the clinical work. The specimens were made using standard glass plates (25,4 x 76,2 x 1,0 mm) manufactured by Global Trade Technology and they were perforated by a 5mm bur (number 5, Black & Decker, Brazil) especially used for glass. For the radiopacity evaluation, the samples were radiographed using three different types of films, which are the following: Kodak Dental Intraoral ESpeed Film (EASTMAN KODAK Co., Rochester, N.Y.); Contrast DFL DV-58 (DFL Ltd); and Agfa Dentus M2 Confort (Heraeus Kulzer Inc.). A 99,5% pure
aluminum step wedge and a Gnatus XR 6010 X-ray equipment were utilized in this work. The data were collected by 5 examiners, who were properly calibrated, and analyzed by Friedman and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. The results showed no statistical differences among the averages of each examiner comparing the cements and the films. And the results also showed that all the cements present radiographic density average values below 1.<br>Os propósitos deste trabalho foram estudar a radiopacidade de cimentos de ionômero de vidro restauradores a partir de tomadas radiográficas e comparálas entre si. Para a consecução, obtiveram-se a partir de uma escala de
alumínio, densidades radiográficas comparáveis e possíveis de serem utilizadas no trabalho clínico. Corpos-de-prova cilíndricos foram obtidos utilizando-se lâminas de vidro de 25,4 x 76,2 x 1,0 mm perfuradas por uma broca número 5 com 5,0 mm de diâmetro. As radiografias dos corpos-deprova foram obtidas em três marcas de filmes. Foi utilizado neste experimento uma escala de alumínio padronizada denominada penetrômetro e um aparelho de raios-X Gnatus XR 6010. Os dados foram coletados por cinco examinadores devidamente calibrados e analisados pelos testes de Friedman e de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que existiu diferença estatisticamente significante nas médias conseguidas por cada examinador nos grupos formados pelos cimentos e pelos filmes. Também mostrou que todos os cimentos apresentaram valores médios de densidade
radiográfica menor que 1.
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Pineda, Fortin Angel. "Detection-theoretic evaluation in digital radiography and optical tomography." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280094.
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This dissertation explores the application of objective assessment of image quality (OAIQ) to hardware evaluation for both linear shift-variant and nonlinear imaging systems. We define our task to be the detection of a known signal in either a uniform or structured background. In particular, we study the detection of signals in digital radiography and optical tomography. In digital radiography, current figures of merit are based on stationarity assumptions on the data. The Hotelling observer as we compute it does not make such assumptions. We quantify, from a detection-theoretic perspective, the errors incurred by using stationarity assumptions for nonstationary digital data. We find that by using Monte Carlo methods, the Hotelling observer carries over to the nonlinear setting, and we use it to study spatially varying detectability in optical tomography. In optical tomography there are several data types that can be used to detect signals. Using our methodology, we quantify the information content of those data types. Our results show that information content depends on the type of signal and background as well as how deep the signal is in the tissue. This type of analysis is meant to guide experimental techniques to be suited for the desired detection task.
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Andersson, Bodil T. "Radiographers’ Professional Competence : Development of a context-specific instrument." Doctoral thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för omvårdnad, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19717.
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Aims: The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe radiographers‟ professional competence based on patients‟ and radiographers‟ experiences and to develop a context-specific instrument to assess the level and frequency of use of radiographers‟ professional competence. Methods: The design was inductive and deductive. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The data collection methods comprised interviews (Studies I-II) and questionnaires (Studies III-IV). The subjects were patients in study I and radiographers in studies II-IV. In study I, 17 patients were interviewed about their experiences of the encounter during radiographic examinations and treatment. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. In study II, 14 radiographers were interviewed to identify radiographers‟ areas of competence. The critical incident technique was chosen to analyse the interviews. Studies III and IV were based on a national cross-sectional survey of 406 randomly selected radiographers. Study III consisted of two phases; designing the Radiographer Competence Scale (RCS) and evaluation of its psychometric properties. A 42-item questionnaire was developed and validated by a pilot test (n=16) resulting in the addition of 12 items. Thus the final RCS comprised a 54-item questionnaire, which after psychometric tests was reduced to 28 items. In study IV, the 28-item questionnaire served as data. The level of competencies was rated on a 10-point scale, while their use was rated on a six-point scale. Results: In study I, the female patients‟ comprehensive understanding was expressed as feelings of vulnerability. The encounters were described as empowering, empathetic, mechanical and neglectful, depending on the radiographers‟ skills and attitudes. Study II revealed two main areas of professional competence, direct patient-related and indirect patient-related. The first focused on competencies in the care provided in close proximity to the patient and the second on competencies used in the activities of the surrounding environment. Each of the two main areas was divided into four categories and 31 sub-categories that either facilitated or hindered good nursing care. In study III the analysis condensed the 54-item questionnaire in two steps, firstly by removing 12 items and secondly a further 14 items, resulting in the final 28-item RCS questionnaire. Several factor analyses were performed and a two factor-solution emerged, labelled; “Nurse initiated care” and “Technical and radiographic processes”. The psychometric tests had good construct validity and homogeneity. The result of study IV demonstrated that most competencies in the RCS received high ratings both in terms of level and frequency of use. Competencies e.g. „Adequately informing the patient‟, „Adapting the examination to the patient‟s prerequisites and needs‟ and „Producing accurate and correct images‟ were rated the highest while „Identifying and encountering the patient in a state of shock‟ and „Participating in quality improvement regarding patient safety and care‟ received the lowest ratings. The total score of each of the two dimensions had a low but significant correlation with age and years in present position. The competence level correlated with age and years in present position in both dimensions but not with the use of competencies in the “Nurse initiated care” dimension. Conclusion: This thesis has shown that professional competence is important in the encounter between patient and radiographer. It has also demonstrated that radiographers‟ self-rated professional competence is based on nursing, technological and radiographic knowledge. From a radiographer‟s perspective, „Nurse initiated care‟ and „Technical and Radiographic processes‟ are two core dimensions of Radiographer Competence Scale. The 28-item questionnaire regarding level and frequency of use of competence is feasible to use to measure radiographers‟ professional competence.
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Patel, Jay Vijendra. "EVALUATING THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF LATERAL CEPHALOGRAM RADIOGRAPHS." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/216600.
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Oral Biology<br>M.S.<br>There remains a discord among orthodontists regarding the usefulness of a lateral cephalogram radiograph as a part of diagnostic records for treatment planning. Today, orthodontists take diagnostic lateral cephalograms largely based on a personal preference, rather than following any evidence-based approached for determining whether taking the radiograph will affect treatment planning. The aim of this study is to identify patients with the type of malocclusion for which the availability of a lateral cephalogram radiograph will affect the treatment plan. This would prevent patients, whose treatment plan would not benefit from a diagnostic lateral cephalogram, from receiving unnecessary ionizing radiation. The data for this study was obtained from responses to two questionnaires, mailed five weeks apart, to ten orthodontists with clinical experience. Primarily, the orthodontists were required to treatment plan twenty cases, twice, once with full diagnostic records including a lateral cephalogram radiograph and once without. Six orthodontists completed both questionnaires. Based on the data, it was found that for approximately 25% of patients having a lateral cephalogram radiograph does affect treatment planning. These patients present with bilateral, sagittal dental malocclusions, matching significant soft-tissue profile disharmony and at least one arch with a moderate arch length discrepancy. A larger, follow-up study is suggested to further investigate the relationship between malocclusion, lateral cephalogram radiographs, and treatment planning.<br>Temple University--Theses
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Mörner-Svalling, Ann-Catherine. "Digital intraoral radiography determination of technical properties and application evaluations /." Stockholm, Sweden : Departments of Oral Radiology and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Odontology, Karolinska Institutet, 2002. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/49899342.html.
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LE, BRAZIDEC ALAIN. "Evaluation clinique et radiologique des poches parodontales." Nantes, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NANT02OD.
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Ågren, Brita. "Radiological evaluation of bone marrow transplanted multipel myeloma patients /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/91-628-2609-3/.
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Simpson, Andrew Kyle. "The utility of plain radiography in the evaluation of degenerative spine disease." [New Haven, Conn. : s.n.], 2008. http://ymtdl.med.yale.edu/theses/available/etd-12092008-162439/.
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Mace, Alain. "Evaluation statistique de deux series aleatoires de dents depulpees sur des criteres uniquement radiographiques ; incidence sur les frequences de traitement et le pronostic." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE7502.
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Hernandez, John B. "Evaluating a multi-hospital quality improvement strategy to implement clinical guidelines for radiographic contrast agents." Santa Monica, CA : Rand, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/42204634.html.
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Kano, Hiroshi, Tokiko Endo, Mitsuru Ikeda, Mikinao Oiwa, and Takeo Ishigaki. "Evaluation of New Image Processing Conditions for Digital Mammograms from FUJI Computed Radiography." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6906.
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Dykes, Dana Michelle Hines. "Evaluating the use of a new radiographic tool to identify high-risk pediatric Crohn's Disease patients." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337350979.
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Sabet, Motlagh Mona, and Judith Ayele. "Medical age estimation through evaluation of wisdom teeth on panoramic radiographs, a literature study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för odontologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-154429.
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Due to lack of identification documents or uncertainty in regard to past life stories asylum-seeking individuals in Sweden are offered medical age estimation by The Swedish Migration Agency to determine if the person is ≥18 years old. The age estimation process consists of two examinations; panoramic examinations of the lower wisdom teeth and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) of the thigh bone. Dentists and medical radiologist assess the radiographs according to a probability scale made by The Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine and provide separate age assessment that are used to determine whether or not the person of interest is of legal age. The purpose of this review was to evaluate studies that have analyzed wisdom teeth development in panoramic radiographs for medical age estimations and assess if it is a reliable method. Searching the databases PubMed and Web of Science identified included articles. The search resulted in 97 findings. After abstract and full text review 25 studies were included. 13 studies present mean age and standard deviation at different root development stages. Based on this information the proportion of individuals <18 years old presenting fully and not fully developed lower wisdom teeth was compiled. As a mean, a relative small portion of individuals <18 years old presented fully developed roots, though with large spread. Given there are few alternatives, using fully developed lower wisdom teeth as an indicator of age ≥18 years is a reasonably reliable method due to a low risk of assessing someone as adult when minor.
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COSSET, COUGNAUD FRANCOISE. "Evaluation de trois ans de depistage radiophotographique en medecine du travail et perspectives d'avenir." Nantes, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NANT166M.
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Guzman, Dawn Nella. "Curriculum guide to teach computed radiography at El Camino College." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2147.
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The purpose of the project was to design a curriculum guideline for educators to teach computed radiography. This project can be used as a stand-alone course, or integrated into existing radiologic technology courses.
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Silva, Francisco Wanderley Garcia de Paula e. "Métodos de avaliação e mecanismos envolvidos no reparo apical e periapical após tratamento endodôntico em dentes com lesão induzida experimentalmente." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58135/tde-19032010-111831/.
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Considerando-se a localização intra-óssea das lesões periapicais, o diagnostico clinico e dificultado e a avaliação radiográfica não fornece informações suficientes para o diagnostico de um periodonto apical sadio pós-tratamento. Dessa maneira, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os achados radiográficos e por tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico com a avaliação microscópica após tratamento de canais radiculares em dentes de cães e avaliar a participação das metaloproteinases da matriz (MMPs) na lesão periapical e nos tecidos em processo de reparação, assim como em cistos e granulomas periapicais obtidos de humanos. A seguir, os mecanismos envolvidos na cementogênese apical foram investigados utilizando células do ligamento periodontal de humanos. Foram induzidas lesões periapicais em dentes de cães e o tratamento endodôntico foi realizado em sessão única ou apos utilização de um curativo de demora a base de hidróxido de cálcio [Ca(OH)2]. Avaliações radiográficas e tomográficas foram realizadas previamente, após a indução das lesões periapicais e 180 dias apos o tratamento endodôntico. Os tecidos periapicais foram avaliados por meio de microscopia de luz, imunofluorescência, imunoistoquímica e RT-PCR em tempo real. In vitro, células do ligamento periodontal foram utilizadas para avaliar os efeitos da estimulação com Ca(OH)2 nos processos de migração, proliferação, diferenciação celular e mineralização. As vias de sinalização envolvidas na diferenciação cementoblastica foram investigadas por meio de inibidores bioquímicos da via das proteínas quinases ativadoras de mitose (MAPK), bloqueadores de canais de cálcio e silenciadores de RNA para proteínas quinases reguladas por sinal extracelular (ERK-1 / ERK-2). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, a tomografia computadorizada permitiu a detecção de lesões periapicais com maior sensibilidade e acuracia que a radiografia periapical convencional, utilizando-se a avaliação microscópica como padrão-ouro. Histologicamente, as lesões periapicais experimentalmente induzidas apresentaram bactérias distribuídas pelo sistema de canais radiculares e lacunas de reabsorção do cemento e estavam associadas a desorganização das fibras colágenas e alta expressão de MMPs. A presença das MMPs em processos inflamatórios periapicais de humanos (cistos e granulomas) foi confirmada. Nos dentes com lesão periapical submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico em sessão única o desfecho do tratamento endodôntico foi caracterizado pela manutenção ou progressão da lesão periapical e alta expressão de MMPs. Por outro lado, nos dentes submetidos ao tratamento endodôntico utilizando o Ca(OH)2 como curativo de demora, maior numero de espécimes apresentaram regressão da lesão periapical e houve modulação da expressão de MMPs pelo tratamento. Neste grupo foi evidenciada neoformação de cemento no forame apical. Células do ligamento periodontal estimuladas com Ca(OH)2 expressaram proteínas especificas de cementoblastos (CEMP-1, CAP) e foram capazes de sintetizar nódulos de mineralização, mediados via ERK MAPK. A ação do Ca(OH)2 ocorreu via canais de cálcio, uma vez que o bloqueio destes canais inibiu a fosforização de ERK-1 e ERK-2 e, portanto, a expressão de CEMP-1 e CAP. CEMP-1 estimulou a migração, proliferação e mineralização mediada por células, exercendo um papel central na cementogenese, uma vez que o bloqueio de CEMP-1 inibiu a migração celular e mineralização. Juntos, estes resultados permitem concluir que a tomografia computadorizada e superior a radiografia periapical convencional para detecção de lesões periapicais refratarias ao tratamento de canais radiculares. Ainda, o tratamento endodôntico realizado utilizando o hidróxido de cálcio como curativo de demora propiciou um reparo apical e periapical mais favorável do que o tratamento endodôntico em sessão única, possivelmente devido a capacidade do Ca(OH)2 induzir a diferenciação de células do ligamento em células com um fenótipo cementoblastico e posterior mineralização.<br>Clinical diagnosis of apical periodontitis is difficult due to the intraosseous nature of the disease and radiographic evaluation does not provide sufficient information to determine a healthy apical periodontium following root canal therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the radiographic and cone beam computed tomographic findings with microscopic evaluation following root canal treatment in dogs teeth. Then, the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in apical periodontitis and during the healing phase following treatment was evaluated and compared to the expression of MMPs in periapical cysts and granulomas obtained from human. Finally, the mechanisms involved in apical cementogenesis were investigated using human periodontal ligament cells. Apical periodontitis was induced in dogs teeth and then root canal treatment was performed in a single visit or using calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2] as the root canal dressing. Tomographic and radiographic evaluations were performed prior to and following induction of apical periodontitis, and 180 days following root canal therapy. Periapical tissues were evaluated by conventional light microscopy, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and real time RT-PCR. In vitro, periodontal ligament cells were used to evaluate the effects of Ca(OH)2 treatment on cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization. The signaling pathways triggered by treatment with Ca(OH)2 were investigated using mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) biochemical inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK-1 / ERK-2) silencing RNAs. Based on the results obtained, apical periodontitis was detected with higher sensitivity and accuracy by means of cone beam computed tomography compared to conventional periapical radiographs, using microscopic evaluation as the gold standard. Histological evaluation revealed that teeth with apical periodontitis presented microorganisms throughout the root canal system and in areas with resorption of cementum. Apical periodontitis was characterized by collagen fiber disorganization and high expression of MMPs. The presence and activity of MMPs was confirmed in periapical inflammatory diseases (cysts and granulomas) obtained from humans. Root canal treatment outcome was characterized by maintenance or progression of apical periodontitis and high expression of MMPs in teeth submitted to root canal treatment in a single visit, whereas root canal treatment outcome in teeth submitted to root canal treatment using Ca(OH)2 as the root canal dressing, higher number of teeth presented reduced apical periodontitis and lower expression of MMPs. In this group, cementum neogenesis was evident in the apical foramina. Periodontal ligament cells stimulated with Ca(OH)2 expressed cementoblastic specific proteins (CEMP-1, CAP) and were able to synthesize mineralized nodules via ERK MAPK. The effects of Ca(OH)2 occurred via calcium channels, since their blockade prevented ERK-1 and ERK-2 phosphorylation and therefore expression of CEMP-1 and CAP. CEMP-1 stimulated cell migration, proliferation, and mineralization and it was central to cementogenesis because blockade of activity of CEMP-1 prevented cell migration and mineralization. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that cone beam computed tomography is superior to conventional periapical radiography for detection of refractory apical periodontitis. Furthermore, the root canal treatment using Ca(OH)2 as the root canal dressing permitted a more favorable outcome than the root canal treatment performed in a single visit, probably due to the ability of Ca(OH)2 induce cementoblastic differentiation of periodontal ligament cells and mineralization.
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ISHIGAKI, TAKEO, MITSUHIKO HIROSE, KIYOKO NAKAMURA, MITSURU IKEDA, KENGO ITO, and NICOLAS MILLA. "FUNDAMENTAL AND CLINICAL EVALUATION OF CHEST COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IMAGING IN DETECTABILITY OF PULMONARY NODULE." Nagoya University School of Medicine, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/16074.
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Patarin, Yves Jean Alain. "Evaluation des générateurs de rayons X utilisés pour les radiographies intra buccales au C.S.D de Nantes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/CDpatarin.pdf.
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Sari-Minodier, Irène. "Evaluation biogénotoxicologique des expositions professionnelles aux rayonnements ionisants dans les secteurs de la santé et de la radiographie industrielle." Aix-Marseille 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX20679.
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Neep, Michael J. "The delivery of image interpretation education for radiographers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2018. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123708/1/Michael_Neep_Thesis.pdf.
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Failure to correctly diagnose fractures on x-rays is an important problem in hospital emergency departments. This thesis included the first randomised controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of intensive and non-intensive formats of delivery of x-ray interpretation education for radiographers. The education was designed to improve the ability of radiographers to detect and describe abnormalities visualised on trauma radiographs. Findings suggest that the intensive format of delivery was more effective, although participants in both trial arms demonstrated improvement. These findings have relevance for healthcare and education providers who are seeking to improve radiographers' image interpretation in emergency settings.
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Wiseman, Martin Nurock. "First pass radionuclide angiography and the evaluation of valvular regurgitation." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301300.
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