Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic exam'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic exam"
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Rosa, Isadora Veiga da, Janine Hastenteufel Dias, Rochelle Lykawka, Mauricio Anes, Luany Nobre Furlan, and Alexandre Bacelar. "Análise dos índices de exposição de exames de radiografia digital." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): e2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2435.
Full textAbstract:
Radiography is a crucial diagnostic imaging modality in clinical practice, with persistent challenges in digital radiography regarding the level of exposure. The International Electrotechnical Commission standardized the Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) in digital systems, aiming to improve the assessment of radiation exposure. Each exam has an associated Target Exposure Index (EIT), representing the balance between radiation dose and image quality. This study analyzed the EI and DI of digital radiographs at a university hospital, using a database of 71,760 radiographs. The analysis considered the action limits as suggested by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The group of exposures carried out in radiography rooms presented a DI of 1.2, while that of exposures carried out on mobile equipment, 2.4. In contrast, the first group presented standard deviation values between 1.5 and 3.9, while the second, between 1.8 and 2.6. These results suggest that exposures performed using Automatic Exposure Control (CAE) differ less from EIT, however, radiographic techniques were more standardized among exams with mobile equipment, performed with manual selection of exposure parameters, as these exams presented a smaller DI dispersion range. The creation of an automated tool in Google Looker Studio facilitated interactive data analysis, presenting information by anatomical region and view, with the potential to continuously monitor radiological practices. For certain incidences, the average DI values obtained differed substantially from the ideal value, which requires optimization actions, investigation into the definition of adequate EIT and calibration of the CAE. The study provided a detailed overview of local radiographic practices, highlighting priorities for optimization and standardization actions.
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Wollstein, Ronit, Julio Clavijo, and Louis A. Gilula. "Osteoarthritis of the Wrist STT Joint and Radiocarpal Joint." Arthritis 2012 (August 26, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/242159.
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Our understanding of wrist osteoarthritis (OA) lags behind that of other joints, possibly due to the complexity of wrist biomechanics and the importance of ligamentous forces in the function of the wrist. Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) OA is common, but its role in wrist clinical pathology and biomechanics is unclear. We identified the prevalence of radiographic STT joint OA in our hand clinic population and defined the relationship between STT and radiocarpal OA in wrist radiographs. One hundred consecutive wrist clinical and radiographic exams were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence and stage of OA. The mean age was 61.3 (14.5) years. The radiographic occurrence of STT joint OA was 59% and of radiocarpal (RC) OA was 29%. Radiographic STT and RC joint OA were inversely related. Tenderness over the STT joint in physical exam was not associated with OA in the STT or other joints. STT OA in our series was not related to wrist pain. These findings support the discrepancy between radiographic and cadaver findings and clinically significant OA in this joint. The inverse relationship between STT and RC OA, as seen in scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist, requires further biomechanical study.
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Lorenzoni, Diego Coelho, Ana Carolina Cuzzuol Fracalossi, Viviane Carlin, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, and Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna. "Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 1 (2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/013112-88.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning. Materials and Methods: A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n = 24) and Radiographic Set (n = 25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference (P > .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (P < .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (P < .044). Conclusion: According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.
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Fagundes, Bruna Dias, Mariana C. H. Rondelli, Eduarda A. N. L. D. Cavalcanti, et al. "Acquired megaesophagus in a dog – case report." Clínica Veterinária XXVI, no. 150 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2021.xxvi.n.151.p.46-55.
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Acquired megaesophagus is an uncommon cause of regurgitation in dogs. Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography, scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulphate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive if dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food, which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine megaesophagus, particularly when other radiographic approaches are inconclusive.
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Sendyk-Grunkraut, Alessandra, Lenin Arturo Villamizar-Martinez, Carina Outi Baroni, Karen Maciel Zardo, Claudia Matsunaga Martin, and Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca Pinto. "Radiographic and tomographic features of elbow dysplasia – a literature review." Clínica Veterinária XVIII, no. 107 (2013): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2013.xviii.n.107.p.100-108.
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Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a frequent condition in young and young adult dogs and one of the most frequent causes of thoracic limb lameness. The main causes of ED are: ununited anconeal process (UAP), fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna (FMCP), osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans of the distomedial aspect of the humeral trochlea (OH) and articular incongruity (AI). Radiographic diagnosis of ED poses many challenges to the clinician. OA and AI can be easily detected in radiographic exams, but OH and FMCP may demand further analysis with other imaging modalities for the final diagnosis to be established, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this review is to discuss the radiographic and tomographic features of ED, as well as the advantages of computed tomographic images in relation to the radiographic exam.
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Kruger, Marília Sfredo, Amália Isaura Medeiros Klaes, Ana Claudia de Souza, et al. "Atypical Intracranial Calcifications in a conventional radiographic exam." Clinical & Biomedical Research 34, no. 4 (2014): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2357-9730.50633.
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Lo Giudice, R., F. Nicita, F. Puleio, et al. "Accuracy of Periapical Radiography and CBCT in Endodontic Evaluation." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2514243.
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Introduction. A radiological evaluation is essential in endodontics, for diagnostic purposes, planning and execution of the treatment, and evaluation of the success of therapy. The periapical radiography is nowadays the main radiographic investigations used but presents some limits as 3D anatomic alteration, geometric compression, and possible anatomical structures overlapping that can obscure the area of interest. CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) in endodontics allows a detailed assessment of the teeth and surrounding alveolar anatomy for endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT in comparison with conventional intraoral radiographs used in endodontic procedures. Materials and Methods. Statistical analysis was performed on 101 patients with previous endodontic treatments with the relative radiographic documentation (preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up intraoral X-ray) that had underwent at CBCT screening for surgical reasons. The CBCT scans were evaluated independently by two operators and compared with the corresponding periapical images. Results. Our analysis shows that the two radiological investigations statistically agree in 100% of cases in the group of patients without any endodontic sign. In the group of patients with an endodontic pathology, detected with CBCT, endodontic under extended treatments (30.6%), MB2 canals in nontreated maxillary molars (20.7%), second canals in nontreated mandibular incisors (9%), root fractures (2.7%), and root resorption (2.7%) were not always visible in intraoral X-ray. Otherwise, positivity in the intraoral X-ray was always confirmed in CBCT. A radiolucent area was detected in CBCT exam in 46%, while the intraoral X-ray exam was positive only in 18%. Conclusions. Our study shows that some important radiological signs acquired using CBCT are not always visible in periapical X-ray. Furthermore, CBCT is considered as a II level exam and could be used to solve diagnostic questions, essential to a proper management of the endodontic problems.
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Chambers, Michael G., Garrett W. Britton, and Leopoldo C. Cancio. "798 Introduction of Bedside Echocardiography by Mid-level Providers into Burn Intensive Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (2020): S235—S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.375.
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Abstract Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (US) has been shown to be a useful adjunct in assessment of various shock states and has been utilized to guide both resuscitation and post-resuscitation de-escalation. We aimed to characterize the use of bedside ultrasound examinations performed by advance practice providers (APPs) and attending physicians in a burn intensive care unit (BICU). Methods We introduced routine US by an APP into our BICU and evaluated our experience under an approved PI project. Daily beside US exams were performed utilizing a portable US machine with a cardiac probe and tissue filter. US exams included focused transthoracic echocardiography, assessment of inferior vena cava diameter with distensibility/collapsibility indices, and pulmonary evaluation. The images were archived to a centralized repository and reviewed daily during multi-disciplinary rounds. US data were utilized in conjunction with physical exam, radiographic, and laboratory findings for medical management decision making. Results Thirty-four exams of 34 patients have been conducted to date. 91% of US findings corresponded to physical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, and contributed positively to medical decision making. 9% of US findings either did not contribute to medical decision making or conflicted with physical exam, radiographic, or laboratory findings. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the feasibility of routine US by an APP in the BICU, and indicate that bedside US helps guide both resuscitative and post-resuscitative care. Applicability of Research to Practice It is well known that positive fluid balance is associated with worse clinical outcomes. We believe point-of-care US is a viable tool in preventing over-resuscitation as well as to guide post-resuscitative diuresis.
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Durler, Shelby, Kelly Lightwine, Elizabeth Ablah, Thomas Cox, and James M. Haan. "Evaluating the Long-Term Neurologic Sequelae Among Trauma Patients who Received Flexion-Extension Radiographs." Kansas Journal of Medicine 17, no. 4 (2024): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol17.21379.
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Introduction. This study evaluated the presence of neurologic sequelae among trauma patients after flexion-extension (F/E) radiographs. Methods. Authors of the study conducted a retrospective review of patients (age ≥ 14 years) with a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 who sustained a blunt traumatic injury and received F/E radiographs. Radiographic scans were defined as positive, negative, inconclusive, or incomplete. The neurologic status of each patient was assessed before and after the F/E radiographs, and at discharge and follow-up. Results. Of the 501 patients included in the analysis, 84.6% (n = 424) had negative F/E radiographs, and 3.2% (n = 16) had positive F/E radiographs. Ten percent (n = 51) of patients had incomplete F/E radiographs, and 2.0% (n = 10) were inconclusive due to the inability to rule out a ligamentous injury. Three patients (0.6%) had MRI-confirmed ligamentous injuries, all of which had initial incomplete F/E radiographs due to pain. No patient had a documented neurological deficit before or after the F/E exam. Three patients with an initial negative F/E radiograph returned to the clinic with symptoms of neurologic sequelae. Two of these patients had symptom resolution with no further issues at future follow-up appointments. The third patient was found to have chronic neurologic symptoms after further evaluation. Conclusions. The inclusion of F/E exams in cervical spine clearance protocols did not demonstrate any new long-term iatrogenic neurologic injuries. Consideration should be given to performing MRIs on patients with incomplete F/E radiographs that cannot rule out a ligamentous injury.
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Tchaou, M., G. N. Gnakadja, B. N’timon, et al. "Revue Des Doses D’exposition Et De La Justification Des Radiographies Standard En Pratique Pédiatrique Au Togo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p223.
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Aims: To assess the justification of indications and exposure doses to children during radiographics. Methods: Prospective study of 102 X-ray exams of children collected over a period of 6 months in the Department of Radiology of Kara Teaching Hospital. Objectives: To assess the rationale guidance and exposure doses to children when standard radiographic examinations. Methodology: prospective observational study of 102 standard radiographs (Rx) collected in the radiology department of the University Hospital of Kara on a 6 month period. Results: Male children were predominant with a sex ratio boy / girl of 1.3. The predominant age group was the 5 to 10 years. Chest X-rays were the most practiced exam, with 43%. According to the Guide of well practices of French Society of Radiology (SFR) and the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine (SFBMN), 80% of exams were justified. The comparison of our results to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) shows that 43% and 39% of standard X-rays had dosimetric values exceeds the RDLs respectively the entrance Dose (De) and Dose Surface Product (DSP). Conclusion:Our study reveals that compliance guidance assessments to the proper use of medical imaging examinations guide was not always effective but satisfactory. The study dosimetric constants showed that the dose to children exceeded in a large proportion of the French and Belgian DRLs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic exam"
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Costa, Emanuel Dias. "Prevalência de alterações radiográficas associadas à doença articular degenerativa no gato doméstico : estudo retrospetivo de 100 casos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16330.
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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A doença articular degenerativa (DAD) apresenta uma etiologia multifatorial, envolvendo
fatores genéticos, biomecânicos e bioquímicos, caracterizando-se pela existência de
degeneração da cartilagem articular com produção de novo tecido ósseo. A sua prevalência na
população felina parece aumentar com a idade, sendo o seu diagnóstico feito com base na
associação de sinais clínicos e alterações ao exame radiográfico.
O presente estudo teve por base uma amostra de 100 pacientes felinos (N=100) com exame
radiográfico e anamnese disponíveis. Os objetivos principais foram calcular a prevalência de
DAD na presente amostra e avaliar a frequência e a gravidade das lesões no esqueleto axial e
apendicular. Para isto, os exames radiográficos dos 100 animais foram avaliados por dois
observadores quanto à existência de sinais radiográficos compatíveis com DAD e respetivo
grau de gravidade.
Na população avaliada, a prevalência de sinais radiográficos compatíveis com DAD foi de
38%. Os esqueletos apendicular e axial apresentaram alterações em 24% e 25% dos animais,
respetivamente. Existiam lesões simultaneamente na coluna e nas articulações apendiculares
em 11% dos animais avaliados. A articulação do esqueleto apendicular mais frequentemente
afetada foi a articulação úmero-rádio-ulnar, e a que apresentou lesões de maior gravidade foi a
articulação femoro-tíbio-patelar. No esqueleto axial, o segmento da coluna com maior
frequência de alterações compatíveis com DAD foi a região torácica. Já a região lombar
apresentou scores de gravidade mais elevados quando comparado com os restantes
segmentos. Não foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença
de sinais radiográficos e o sexo ou a idade. No entanto, foi encontrada uma relação
estatisticamente significativa entre a raça do animal e a presença de DAD (p<0,05). A
prevalência encontrada (38%) é largamente superior ao número de animais da amostra em que
se suspeitava da existência de doença articular (3%).
Além de frequente, a DAD é sub-diagnosticada na prática clínica, sendo responsável por
provocar dor crónica nos pacientes felinos passando muitas vezes desapercebida quando a
avaliação se baseia na anamnese e nos sinais clínicos. Sendo assim, o exame radiográfico e
sua correta apreciação reveste-se de extrema importância de modo a identificar e possibilitar o
tratamento desta doença.<br>ABSTRACT - Prevalence of radiographic changes associated with degenerative joint disease in the
domestic cat – retrospective study of 100 cases - Degenerative joint disease (DJD) has a multifactorial etiology that involves genetics,
biomechanics and biochemistry factors and it is characterized by the degeneration of the
cartilage with production of new bone tissue. Its prevalence in the feline population increases
with age and its diagnosis takes in consideration the clinical signs as well the radiographic
chances.
The present study used a sample of 100 feline patients (N=100) with radiographic exams and
anamnesis available. The main objective was to calculate DJD prevalence in the sample as
well as determine the frequency and severity of these lesions in the axial and appendicular
skeleton. To accomplish this, radiographic exams from 100 patients were observed and
evaluated by two different observers, who assessed them for the presence of radiographic
signs compatible with DJD and respective degree of severity.
In the evaluated population, the prevalence of radiographic signs compatible with DJD was
38%. The appendicular and axial skeleton had shown changes in 24% and 25% of the
animals, respectively. There were lesions in both spine and appendicular joints in 11% of the
population. The most frequently affected joint of the appendicular skeleton was the elbow,
and the one that presented with the most severe lesions was the knee. In what concerns to the
axial skeleton, the segment of the spine with the highest frequency of compatible with DJD
was the thoracic region. The lumbar region presented higher severity scores when compared
to the other segments.
No statistically significant association was found between the presence of radiographic signs
and sex or age. However, a statistically significant relationship was found between the
patient’s breed and the presence of DJD (p<0,05. The prevalence of DJD determined (38%) is
significantly higher than the number of patients in which it was suspected (3%).
DJD is not only frequent and responsible for causing chronic pain in feline patients, but also
under-diagnosed in the clinical practice, going unnoticed when the evaluation is based on
anamnesis and clinical signs. Therefore, the radiographic examination and its correct
evaluation is of extreme importance to identify and make the treatment of this disease
possible.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Martins, João Tiago Ribas. "Incidência de lesões toracolombares em cavalos de horseball." Master's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5121.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária.<br>Vários estudos têm confirmado o facto de lesões toracolombares, em equinos, terem
importantes repercussões no sector da indústria equina. Deste modo, são consideradas das
mais importantes causas dos problemas do equino atleta, uma vez que estão na origem das
alterações no movimento, ou da perda do mesmo.
O diagnóstico das lesões toracolombares é complexo devido ao acesso às estruturas ser
condicionado, e também à ausência de sinais clínicos específicos. Na disciplina equestre
horseball o diagnóstico destas lesões assume uma importância extrema, uma vez que todos os
exercícios específicos da modalidade exigem uma disponibilidade total do dorso. No caso de
existir alguma afecção na região em estudo, poderá verificar-se uma queda abrupta no
rendimento do equino. O objectivo principal deste projecto foi identificar lesões na região
toracolombar de equinos da disciplina de horseball, procurando a associação das mesmas a
esta modalidade. Este trabalho de diagnóstico foi realizado através de exames físicos,
radiográficos e ultra-sonográficos, numa amostra de 24 animais. Foram, para o efeito,
executados no exame fisico testes estáticos e testes dinâmicos. No exame radiográfico foram
utilizadas projecções latero-laterais para processos espinhosos dorsais entre T3-L4. Por fim,
realizou-se o exame ultra-sonográfico, efectuando-se cortes sobre o ligamento supraespinhoso,
sobre os processos espinhosos, e sobre os músculos longo e lombar dorsal e
multifidus. Avaliando e cruzando os resultados obtidos, pode afirmar-se que a rigidez da
musculatura toracolombar, encontrada em 58,3% dos equinos avaliados, é associável
especificamente à modalidade. As lesões no ligamento supra-espinhoso, ao nível do
paralelismo de fibras, podem ser testadas por via de exercícios específicos da disciplina, tais
como paragens e mudanças de direcção bruscas.
Em suma, este projecto permitiu identificar algumas afecções específicas nos equinos da
modalidade de horseball. Na origem das mesmas poderão estar lacunas ao nível da
preparação física diária dos equinos desta modalidade. Todavia, para corroborar esta hipótese,
será necessário realizarem-se mais estudos ao nível do exame de afecções toracolombares em
geral, e afecções especificas desta disciplina equestre, em particular.<br>ABSTRACT - Incidence of thoracolumbar lesions in Horseball horses -
Several studies are confirming that thoracolumbar lesions in horses have a great impact in the
equine industrial sector. These lesions are though considered one of the major causes of
athletic horse problems, once they are in the origin of movement changes, or even its total
lost.
Thorocolumbar lesions diagnosis is a complex process. Their location is conditioned and
there are no specific clinical signals. In the equestrian discipline horseball, these lesions
diagnosis are of utmost importance, as all its specific exercises demand a total back
availability. When there is any condition in this focused area the horse might present a sudden
decrease on its performance. The main purpose of this project was to identify horseball equine
thorocolumbar conditions, looking for their connections to this discipline. This diagnosis
work was done through physical, radiographical and ultrasonographical examinations, in a
sample of 24 animals. For this purpose, in the physical examination static and dynamic tests
were performed. In the radiographic examination, laterolateral projections for dorsal spinous
processes between T3-L4 were taken. Finally, the ultrasonographic examination was done
through cuts on supra-spinous ligament, spinous processes and longissimus and multifidus
muscles. When evaluating and crossing the values obtained, it can be state that thoracolumbar
muscle rigidity, found in 58,3% of examined horses, is associated to this discipline. The
supra-spinous ligament lesions, at fiber parallelism level, can be tested through this discipline
specific exercises, such as stops and sudden direction changes.
In brief, this project allowed to identify some specific conditions in horseball equines. Their
cause may lay down in gaps during horses daily physical preparation of this discipline.
However, to prove this hypothesis further studies are necessary on thoracolumbar conditions
in general, and on specific conditions of this equestrian discipline in particular.
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Lobo, Inês Duarte. "Contribuição do exame radiográfico no diagnóstico de doença dentária em lagomorfos : estudo retrospetivo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16487.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária<br>A doença dentária é uma das causas mais frequentes de admissão dos coelhos nos CAMVs
(Centros de Atendimento Médico-Veterinários), apresentando os animais, gradualmente,
alterações na forma, estrutura e posição dos dentes.
O diagnóstico desta doença através do exame da cavidade oral sem anestesia é bastante
limitado, tendo o exame imagiológico grande importância. A radiografia (Rx) fornece
informação crucial para o diagnóstico de doença dentária e, em conjunto com as alterações
encontradas no exame físico e no exame intraoral sob anestesia, permite estadiar a doença
e informar o tutor do animal acerca do prognóstico. Sendo o exame intraoral também um
exame de diagnóstico pode tornar-se tentador dispensar o exame radiográfico.
O presente estudo retrospetivo teve como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do exame
radiográfico para o diagnóstico da doença dentária em lagomorfos, comparando-o com o
exame intraoral. Foram incluídos 24 animais com doença dentária que haviam realizado
exames radiográficos e intraorais. As radiografias foram sujeitas a uma interpretação
subjetiva e objetiva (com recurso a linhas de referência radiográficas), tendo os resultados
obtidos sido descritos, em conjunto com as observações do exame intraoral, para efeitos de
análise.
Compararam-se o sobrecrescimento e má oclusão dentária detetados na avaliação subjetiva
das radiografias com o observado no exame intraoral, existindo na maioria dos casos uma
concordância moderada entre observações. Apenas no 1º incisivo maxilar foram detetadas
diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os procedimentos, constatando-se que, no
geral, o Rx deteta mais casos positivos que o exame intraoral com anestesia geral.
Na globalidade, o exame intraoral apresentou valores de sensibilidade superiores a 65% e
de especificidade e exatidão superiores a 50%, assumindo o Rx como gold standard.
No que diz respeito às linhas de referência radiográficas, o uso destas só evidenciou
diferenças estatisticamente significativas no caso da linha 7 e 8 com as alterações detetadas
na avaliação subjetiva do Rx e no exame intraoral, havendo na maioria dos casos uma
concordância muito fraca entre observações.
Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que o exame radiográfico é imperativo para o
diagnóstico de doença dentária em lagomorfos. O Rx, em conjunto com o exame intraoral, é
adequado e essencial no diagnóstico desta doença e o uso de linhas de referência
radiográficas pode trazer vantagens.
O exame radiográfico e o exame intraoral devem, portanto, ser utilizados em conjunto pelos
Médicos Veterinários.<br>ABSTRACT - CONTRIBUTION OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF
DENTAL DISEASE IN LAGOMORPHS – A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY - One of the most frequent causes of rabbits' admission to the veterinary animal care facilities
is the dental disease, in which the animals exhibit a gradual change in the shape, structure
and position of the teeth.
The diagnosis of the disease based on the intraoral exam without anaesthesia is very
challenging, thus the radiographic study is paramount. Radiography (x-ray) provides crucial
information in the diagnosis of dental disease and together with the physical and intraoral
inspection under anaesthesia, allows the veterinarian to stage the disease and advise the
animal owner of the prognosis.
Being the intraoral exam also a diagnostic tool, it can be tempting to skip the radiographic
examination.
The main goal of this retrospective study was to assess the contribution of the radiographic
examination in the diagnosis of dental disease in lagomorphs, compared to the intraoral
exam. For this study 24 animals with dental disease that had done radiographic and intraoral
examinations were included. Radiographs were reviewed subjectively and objectively (using
radiographic reference lines) and the results were described, together with the results of the
intraoral exam, so the data analysis could be performed.
The dental overgrowth and malocclusion detected on the x-ray subjective evaluation were
compared to the intraoral exam findings, revealing a moderated agreement between them. In
general statistically significant differences were only detected on the 1st maxillary incisor and
the x-ray detected more positive cases than the intraoral exam.
In general, the intraoral exam showed sensitivity values higher than 65% and specificity and
accuracy values higher than 50% when using the x-ray as the gold standard.
With regard to the radiographic reference lines, there were only statistically significant
differences between their use and the subjective x-ray interpretation and intraoral findings in
the case of line 7 and 8. In most of the cases, the agreement between the observations was
poor.
The results of this study suggest that the radiographic exam is imperative for the diagnosis of
dental disease in lagomorphs. The Rx together with the intraoral examination is suitable and
essential in the diagnosis of this disease and the use of radiographic reference lines can be
beneficial.
Therefore, the veterinarians should use the radiographic and intraoral examination together.<br>N/A
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Travessas, Juliana Andréa Corrêa. "Dosimetria clínica em exame periapical utilizando diferentes colimadores." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17505.
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Exames radiográficos para fins de saúde constituem a principal fonte de exposição da população à radiação ionizante artificial, devendo empregar a dose mínima necessária para que se obtenha imagem de qualidade. Colimadores retangulares têm sido propostos em substituição aos circulares para reduzir a exposição de órgãos críticos. Este estudo teve por objetivo verificar se existe diferença na dose de radiação nas regiões de cristalino e tireóide durante a realização de um exame periapical completo, em função da forma e do tamanho do colimador utilizado. Trinta pacientes foram aleatoriamente distribuídos em três grupos: 1 - colimador circular convencional com 60 mm de diâmetro; 2 - colimador retangular com 24 x 32 mm² e 3 - colimador retangular com 30 x 40 mm2. As condições de exame foram padronizadas para os três grupos. A dose foi obtida por meio de dosímetros termoluminescentes de LiF:Mg.Cu.P (TLD-100H), que permaneceram, durante a execução das 14 radiografias do exame completo periapical, posicionados sobre os olhos (cristalino) direito e esquerdo e sobre a região da tireóide, abaixo do protetor plumbífero. Os resultados finais foram submetidos aos testes não-paramétricos de Kruskal-Wallis e Friedman, ambos complementados por seus testes de comparações múltiplas, ao nível de significância de 5%. No grupo 2 houve redução significativa na dose de radiação absorvida na região dos olhos em relação aos grupos 1 e 3. Os grupos 2 e 3 apresentaram redução significativa na dose de radiação absorvida na tireóide em relação ao grupo 1. Nos três grupos, a dose absorvida na região dos olhos é significativamente maior do que a dose absorvida pela tireóide. O uso do colimador retangular reduziu significativamente a dose absorvida na tireóide.<br>X rays examinations are the main source of population's exposure to artificial ionizing radiation. Radiation dose in such examinations should be as low as possible but still ensuring a good image quality. Rectangular collimators have been proposed in substitution to the circular ones in order to minimize the radiation exposure to nearby critical organs. This study aims to compare the radiation doses in the lens of the eyes (right and left) and thyroid gland obtained using different collimators, in a complete periapical examination (14 radiographic exposures). Thirty patients have been randomly allocated to three groups: 1 - using a 60 mm diameter conventional circular collimator; 2 - using a 24 x 32 mm² rectangular collimator; and 3 - using a 30 x 40 mm2 rectangular collimator. The doses were measured by LiF:Mg,Cu,P thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H) positioned over both right and left eyes and under the lead thyroid protector shield, in the thyroid gland position. Final results were submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman non-parametric statistics analysis, complemented by multiple comparison tests, with 5% significance level. Group 2 presented a significant dose reduction in the eyes region compared to groups 1 and 3. Groups 2 and 3 showed a significant dose reduction in the thyroid gland region compared to group1.
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Chamberlain, Encarnita Antonia. "A Case Study on the Process of Passing a Radiography Registry Examination." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1839.
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This project study addressed the problem of the low percentage of a Mid-Atlantic university's radiography graduates passing their credentialing registry examination. The cohort had a 2014 pass rate of 83% while the majority of surrounding schools had pass rates of 100%. In order to become registered radiographers, graduates must be able to take what they have learned in their educational program and directly apply it to their professional skill set. The conceptual framework for the study was social constructivism, adapting and transforming what was new information to previous experiences and group activities. A qualitative case study research design was chosen, and interviews were conducted with 9 graduates from the 2014 radiography cohort. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, manually coded, and analyzed for emerging themes. Key results indicated the graduates needed to self-monitor, self-motivate, and self-propel to successfully pass their credentialing exam. A 3-day professional development plan for graduates was created based on the findings from the study. Passing the credentialing exam affects social change in that knowledge and education produces positive outcomes, and for allied health professionals, it produces optimum patient care. Social change is possible through education, which will enhance an individual's self-efficacy, thereby enriching the society and culture to which they contribute. This knowledge will support the local problem in that optimum performance for radiography graduates will be monitored for standards of excellence.
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Silva, Renato Pereira da. "Tecnologias de exame da carie dentaria : o desafio de seu uso sob diferentes criterios de diagnostico." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/290342.
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Orientadores: Antonio Carlos Pereira, Andrea Videira Assaf<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T21:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O padrão mundial de desenvolvimento da doença cárie dentária tem um dentado a complexidade do diagnóstico de lesões cariosas, principalmente em superfícies dentárias oclusais, por meio do tradicional exame clínico visual-tátil, constituindo um dos grandes desafios da Odontologia em Saúde Coletiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a reprodutibilidade (estatística Kappa [?] intra e interexaminador) e validade (área sob a curva ROC [AZ]) das tecnologias adjuntas de diagnóstico de cárie "iluminação artificial" (CL2), "radiografia interproximal bitewing" (BW), "transiluminação por FOTI" (FT) e "exame por fluorescência laser (DIAGNOdent®)" (DD), isoladamente ou em associação ao exame clínico visual-tátil (CL1), sob condições epidemiológicas, adotando-se os critérios diagnósticos OMS (D3) e OMS+LI (D1). Para o estudo da reprodutibilidade, 13 crianças, com baixa a alta prevalência de cárie, na faixa etária de 12 anos, da rede pública de ensino de Piracicaba, SP, foram aleatoriamente selecionadas, contando com a participação de 1 examinador padrão e 3 examinadores experientes. Para o estudo da validade, 165 crianças, com as mesmas características, foram selecionadas, contando com participação de 1 examinador padrão e 1 examinador experiente. A reprodutibilidade (intra/interexaminador), por superfícies dentárias, sob os critérios diagnósticos D3 e D1, foi "quase perfeita" para os exames CL1 (D3: ?intra=0,91/?inter=0,85; D1: ?intra=0,89/?inter=0,84), CL2 (D3: intra=0,91/?inter=0,85; D1: ?intra=0,88/?inter=0,83), BW (D3: intra=0,95/?inter=0,92; D1: ?intra=0,99/?inter=0,90) e FOTI (D3: intra=0,97/?inter=0,93; D1: ?intra=0,87/?inter=0,83) e "sofrível" para o exame DD D3: ?intra=0,36/?inter=0,35; D1: ?intra=0,30/?inter=0,32). As associações de tecnologias diagnósticas CL2+FT+DD+BW (AZ-D1=0,8541; AZ-D3=0,6963), para superfícies oclusal + proximais, CL2+DD+BW (AZ-D1=0,8187; AZ-D3=0,6650), para superfície oclusal, e CL2+FT+BW (AZ-D1=0,7234; AZ-D3=0,6836), para superfícies proximais, apresentaram maior validade, sob os critérios diagnósticos D1 e D3, respectivamente. Conclui-se que os exames CL1, CL2, FT e BW apresentam uma reprodutibilidade compatível com a realização de levantamentos epidemiológicos de cárie dentária, e que as associações CL2+FT+DD+BW, CL2+DD+BW e CL2+FT+BW são os melhores métodos de diagnóstico para as superfícies dentárias oclusal + proximais, oclusal e proximais, respectivamente, sob os critérios diagnósticos D1 e D3, em condições epidemiológicas.<br>Abstract: The world development pattern of dental caries disease has increased the complexity of carious lesions diagnosis especially in occlusal surfaces by the visual-tactile exam, constituting one of the great challenges of the Public Health Dentistry. The aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility (intra and interexaminer Kappa [?] statistics) and the validity (area under the ROC curve [AZ]) of the "artificial illumination" (CL2), "bitewing radiographs" (BW), "transillumination by FOTI" (FT) and "laser fluorescence examination (DIAGNOdent®) " (DD), adjunct technologies of dental caries diagnosis, separately or in association with the visual-tactile exam (CL1), under epidemiological settings and WHO (D3) and WHO+IL (D1) diagnostic criteria. Concerning the reproducibility, 1 standard and 3 experienced examiners examined 13 schoolchildren (twelve-years-old) enrolled in public schools from Piracicaba, SP. The reproducibility sample were randomly selected and presented low to high dental caries prevalence. In relation to the validity, 1 standard and 1 experienced examiner examined 165 twelve-years-old schoolchildren that presented the same characteristics of the reproducibility sample. The (intra/interexaminer) reproducibility, for dental surfaces, under the D3 and D1 diagnostic criteria, was almost perfect for the CL1 (D3: ?intra=0.91/?inter=0.85; D1: ?intra=0.89/?inter=0.84), CL2 (D3: ?intra=0.91/?inter=0.85; D1: ?intra=0.88/?inter=0.83), BW (D3: ?intra=0.95/?inter=0.92; D1: ?intra=0.99/?inter=0.90) e FOTI (D3: ?intra=0.97/?inter=0.93; D1: ?intra=0.87/?inter=0.83) examinations and it was fair for the DD (D3: ?intra=0.36/?inter=0.35; D1: ?intra=0.30/?inter=0.32) examination. The diagnostic technologies associations, CL2+FT+DD+BW (AZ-D1=0.8541; AZ-D3=0.6963), for occlusal + approximal surfaces, CL2+DD+BW (AZ-D1=0.8187; AZ-D3=0.6650), for occlusal surface, and CL2+FT+BW (AZ-D1=0.7234; AZ-D3=0.6836), for approximal surfaces, presented the largest validity under the D1 and D3 diagnostic criteria, respectively. It was concluded that the CL1, CL2, FT and BW examinations present a reproducibility compatible with the execution of epidemiological surveys of dental caries, and that the CL2+FT+DD+BW, CL2+DD+BW and CL2+FT+BW technologies associations are the best methods of examinations for occlusal + approximal surfaces, occlusal surfaces and approximal surfaces under D1 and D3 diagnostic criteria in epidemiological settings respectively.<br>Doutorado<br>Saude Coletiva<br>Doutor em Odontologia
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CHIORATTO, Ricardo. "Exame radiográfico transoperatório na cirurgia ortopédica de cães e gatos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2010. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/5831.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-25<br>The use of radiographic visualization of static procedure using, are guiding means to transoperatory implantation of orthopedic element, especially where direct visualization is not possible. The aim of this study was verify, the provents of the transoperatory radiographic procedure in surgery of bone fractures, of dogs and cats. A total of 100 animals, 81 dogs and 19 cats with bone fractures, were used. The first x-ray was obtained after the surgeon had reduced the fracture and/or positioned the metal implants. From the analysis of this transsurgical exam and osseous estructures, if the metalic implants and bone reductions were in absolute accuracy with the principles of orthopedic surgery, the surgeon would conclude the surgery, but if these were not in appropriate place, the necessary arrangements had to be made to relocate it in the right place, and thus more transoperatory radiographic exams were made up the observation of the perfect alignment, positioning or coaptation of fractures and the correct placement of orthopedic implants .It was found that after the transoperatory radiographic examination additional adjustments were necessary for repositioning of metallicimplants and/or bone structures in 95% of procedures. In view of the results, we can conclude that the use of transoperatory radiographic examination in orthopedic surgery of dogs and cats, regardless of the surgeon, animal species or fractured bone is important on the final result of the reductions and stabilizations of fractures, allowing greater efficiency in the placement of the osseous fragments and surgical implants. More specifically in the closed stabilizations or through minimal invasive approach, with the insertion of intramedullary pins and in the cominutive and obliquous type located in the humerus, tibia and calcaneus.<br>A utilização de imagem radiográfica estática durante o procedimento cirúrgico é um meio de orientação transoperatória que proporciona maior precisão na colocação de implantes ortopédicos, bem como a avaliação do grau de coaptação e estabilização dos fragmentos da fratura, principalmente nas reduções fechadas, onde a visualização direta não é possível. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a utilidade do exame radiográfico transoperatório na cirurgia reparadora de fraturas, previamente diagnosticadas, em cães e gatos. Foram utilizados 100 animais, 81 cães e 19 gatos, com fraturas ósseas, sendo obtido o primeiro exame radiográfico logo após o cirurgião ter reduzido à fratura e posicionado os implantes metálicos. A partir da análise dos exames transoperatórios, se os implantes metálicos e as reduções ósseas estivessem em absoluta exatidão com os princípios da cirurgia ortopédica, o cirurgião concluiria a cirurgia; caso contrário seriam tomadas as providências necessárias para reposicioná-los corretamente, devendo-se assim realizar mais exames radiográficos transoperatórios até a observação do perfeito alinhamento, aposicionamento ou coaptação dasfraturas e a apropriada localização dos implantes ortopédicos. Foi verificado que após o primeiro exame radiográfico transoperatório foram necessários ajustes adicionais para reposicionamento dos implantes metálicos e ou estruturas ósseas em 95% dos procedimentos. Pode-se concluir que a utilização desse exame em ortopedia de cães e gatos, independente da espécie é importante, no resultado final das reduções e estabilizações de fraturas, por possibilitar uma maior precisão no posicionamento dos fragmentos ósseos e dos implantes, principalmente nas estabilizações fechadas ou por abordagem minimamente invasiva, com inserção de pinos intramedulares, e nas do tipo oblíqua e cominutiva e nas situadas no úmero, tíbia e calcâneo.
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Martins, Marilia Compagnoni [UNESP]. "Desenvolvimento da peri-implantite induzida por ligadura em diferentes superfícies de implantes osseointegrados. Análise clínica e radiográfica em cães." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96213.
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martins_mc_me_arafo.pdf: 1209084 bytes, checksum: 7b11e93ab4898fd54b0df7617be967e1 (MD5)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Foram avaliados, clínica e radiograficamente, as reações de quatro diferentes superfícies de implante frente ao desenvolvimento e progressão da peri-implantite: Ticp: titânio comercialmente puro; TPS: titânio revestido com plasma spray de titânio; HA: hidroxiapatita; Ost. Superfícies tratadas com ácidos. Para tanto, foram utilizados seis cães, cujos pré-molares inferiores e superiores foram extraídos. Decorridos 90 dias, os implantes foram aleatoriamente colocados, e iniciou-se o controle químico e mecânico do biofilme bacteriano; após o período de osseointegração (90 dias) foram colocados os conectores, e após 45 dias da colocação dos conectores, iniciou-se a indução da peri-implantite por meio de ligaduras de fio de algodão (suspensão do controle do biofilme bacteriano), e os primeiros exames clínicos (profundidade de sondagem, sangramento à sondagem, índices de placa e sangramento, e mobilidade) e radiográficos (perda óssea) foram realizados. Esses parâmetros foram novamente avaliados após 20, 40 e 60 dias, quando da troca das lidaguras. A análise dos resultados não demonstrou diferença significante entre as superfícies, em nenhum dos parâmetros analisados, com exceção da mobilidade (avaliada pelo PeriotestÒ) e perda óssea, que foram menores nos implantes TPS. Concluiu-se que as superfícies apresentam comportamento semelhante durante a indução da peri-implantite, com exceção no parâmetros mobilidade e perda óssea, que apresentaram os implantes TPS com comportamento superior.<br>The reactions of four different implant surfaces were evaluated in regard to the development and progression of peri-implantitis: titanium commercially pure (Ticp), titanium plasma spray (TPS) hidroxiapatite coated (HA) and acid attached surfaces (Ost). Six dogs had their premolars extracted. After 90 days, the implants were ramdonly placed and the dogs receive soft diet, chemical and mechanical plaque control; after the osseointegration period (90 days), the healing abutments were placed. After the healing period (45 days), the plaque control was suspended, and cotton ligatures were installed when the first clinical (probing depth, bleeding on probing, plaque index, bleeding index, and mobility) and radiographic (bone loss) exams were taken. These parameters were re-exanimate after 20, 40 and 60 days, when the ligatures were changed. The results did not show significant differences between the surfaces in any parameter observed except for the mobility (evaluated with PeriotestÒ), and bone loss. These two parameters had the TPS surface with the lower rates. It was conclude that the surfaces show similar behavior during the induction of peri-implantitis, except for the mobility and bone loss parameters witch the TPS implants had better behavior.
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Bertazzoli, Rita de Cassia Brandão. ""Estudo do desenvolvimento dentário de crianças portadoras de HIV através de exame clínico e radiográfico"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-22032006-092537/.
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Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar se existe relação entre o uso de terapia anti-retroviral por crianças portadoras do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) contaminadas pela via vertical e a ocorrência de alterações de desenvolvimento da dentição permanente detectáveis radiograficamente. Foram avaliadas 76 crianças com idades entre 4 anos e um mês e 12 anos e 11 meses que foram distribuídas em 2 grupos: (1) 46 crianças portadoras do HIV em uso de terapia anti-retroviral; (2) 30 crianças sem a infecção. As crianças foram submetidas a radiografias panorâmicas para a avaliação dos estágios de calcificação dentária e através de exame clínico foi avaliada a freqüência de erupção dos dentes permanentes em ambos os grupos. Os resultados obtidos não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significativa nos estágios de calcificação (p=0,051) e na freqüência de erupção dos dentes permanentes (p=0,18), indicando que o uso de anti-retrovirais não interfere no desenvolvimento dentário de crianças portadoras do HIV adquirido pela via vertical<br>This survey was conducted to verify the correlation between the use of antiretroviral therapy and developmental disturbances in the permanent dentition of children vertically infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Seventy-six children aged from 4 years to 1 month and 12 years and 11 month were divided in two groups: 1) 46 children HIV-infected and under antiretroviral therapy; 2) 30 uninfected children. A panoramic radiograph for dental development evaluation was obtained from each child, in order to evaluate the dental calcification stages and the frequency of permanent teeth eruption in both groups. The results did not show any significant statistical difference on dental calcification stages (p=0,051) as well as the permanent teeth results of the frequency eruption (p=0,18) between the HIV-infected and the uninfected children, showing that the antiretroviral therapy does not interfere in the dental development of children infected by HIV acquired by vertical transmission
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Duarte, Glauber Vieira. "Avaliação do exame radiográfico convencional e digital e digital no diagnóstico da adaptação entre implantes dentários e protéticos." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Odontologia da UFBA, 2007. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/11025.
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>A Implantologia é uma das modalidades de reabilitação bucal, inclusive pela alta taxa de sucesso das próteses implanto-suportadas. No entanto, estão sujeitas a alguns problemas exclusivos, como o afrouxamento do parafuso e a fratura do parafuso de fixação. A adaptação marginal de um pilar protético sobre o implante é imprescindível para que muitas destas falhas não ocorram. Além disso, desadaptações e cavidades entre estes componentes podem favorecer o acúmulo de bactérias e causar reações inflamatórias nos tecidos periimplantares. O estudo da adaptação marginal entre estes componentes faz parte de uma linha de pesquisa, com o objetivo de estabelecer um método diagnóstico padronizado, eficaz e reprodutível de avaliação. O presente estudo propôs-se a verificar a validade do método radiográfico convencional e sistema digital Digora, quanto à capacidade diagnóstica da adaptação marginal de cinco pilares protéticos, em titânio Procera Alltitan®, com diferentes aberturas entre o implante e o pilar protético. Os pilares foram aparafusados em um implante, que foi posteriormente fixado a uma base metálica hexagonal, permitindo a padronização das tomadas radiográficas e da avaliação microscópica. Os pilares foram avaliados quanto a sua adaptação no implante, utilizando um microscópio óptico comparador (Mitutoyo®), utilizado como padrão-ouro do estudo. Foram utilizados matrizes de poliéster em tiras com o intuito de obter aberturas marginais padronizadas de 50µm, 100µm, 150µm e 200µm, considerando que cada tira possui uma espessura de 50µm. Em cada sistema foram realizadas 75 tomadas radiográficas (15 de cada grupo de abertura marginal), obtendo imagens com cinco tipos de adaptação (adaptado, 50µm, 100µm, 150µm e 200µm). Deste modo, foram avaliados 150 pontos proximais, em cada sistema radiográfico. Dois radiologistas avaliaram as imagens e para a análise estatística foi utilizada uma matriz de decisões para a realização dos testes diagnósticos de: sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valor preditivo positivo e negativo e a medida estatística Kappa. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que os sistemas radiográficos, convencional e digital, possuem alta sensibilidade, especificidade, acurácia, valores preditivos e bom nível de concordância com o grupo-ouro, com uma discreta, mas não relevante, redução da eficácia diagnóstica do sistema digital. Observou-se que os sistemas radiográficos avaliados são excelentes ferramentas de diagnóstico quando aberturas marginais maiores que 50µm não são aceitáveis. Deve-se considerar que o sistema radiográfico digital Digora® possui grandes vantagens sobre o sistema convencional, como a redução da dose de radiação, a eliminação de erros humanos durante o processamento e a economia de tempo. Deste modo, o sistema Digora pode ser incluído como uma ferramenta de grande importância na reabilitação protética sobre implantes.<br>Salvador
Books on the topic "Radiographic exam"
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Saia, D. A. Radiography: Prep : program review & exam preparation. Appleton & Lange, 1996.
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Egan, O'Connor, ed. X-rays, health effects of common exams. Sierra Club Books, 1985.
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Hagen-Ansert, Sandra L. Abdominal ultrasound study guide and exam review. Mosby, 1996.
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Chong, Ji Y., and Michael P. Lerario. A Horner’s Syndrome Following Trauma. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190495541.003.0017.
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Carotid dissection should be considered as a stroke etiology, especially in young patients with a history of trauma. Carotid dissection can be recognized by exam findings and radiographic studies. Treatment can include aspirin or anticoagulation.
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Bonsignore, Karen, Myke Kudlas, Dana Maiellaro, Abraham Thengampallil, and Stinsey S. Thengampallil. Kaplan Radiography Exam with CD-ROM (Kaplan Radiography Exam). Kaplan Publishing, 2007.
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Giacomini, G., D. R. Pina, M. Alvarez, et al. "Objective Quantification of Chest Radiography Exams for Pulmonary Fibrosis." In VI Latin American Congress on Biomedical Engineering CLAIB 2014, Paraná, Argentina 29, 30 & 31 October 2014. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13117-7_236.
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Andrews, Keith A., and Mada Helou. "General Radiographic Anatomy." In Basic Anesthesia Review, edited by Alaa Abd-Elsayed. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197584569.003.0002.
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Abstract Diagnostic radiographic imaging is a fundamental element of modern medical practice, including the practice of anesthesiology. More specifically, the utilization of radiographic, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound modalaties to aid in diagnosis, to monitor response to treatment, and to confirm placement of lines and other devices is critical in modern anesthesia practice. Depending on the body region, different modalities can be employed to answer specific clinical questions. This chapter, divided into sections by body region, will provide a foundational reference for diagnostic imaging that is relevant to anesthesia practice. Special attention is paid to high-yield content pertinent to the Anesthesia Basic exam.
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Ro, Esther, Yamini Jadcherla, and Maegan S. Reynolds. "Green Vomit . . . Ewwww!!!" In Pediatric Emergency Radiology. Oxford University PressNew York, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197628553.003.0003.
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Abstract The triad of bilious emesis, abdominal pain, and distention in a neonate is suggestive of intestinal obstruction typically from malrotation or midgut volvulus (MGV). Neonates may not always present with all of these findings, and neonates with more subtle findings may rapidly deteriorate and require prompt intervention. Initial resuscitation includes gastric decompression via nasogastric tube and intravenous fluids. Radiographic findings for MGV are nonspecific and can vary from normal to diffuse bowel dilatation. The clinician should not be reassured by normal radiographic imaging in this clinical setting. Fluoroscopic upper gastrointestinal (UGI) series is typically the first-line imaging exam to diagnose or exclude MGV. Ultrasound (US) can demonstrate reversed SMA/SMV relationship, which can indicate malrotation and prompt further evaluation with UGI. Volvulus can be diagnosed on UGI, as well as US. Definitive management includes surgical repair with detorsion of the bowel and a Ladd’s procedure.
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Ghadiri, Fereshteh, and Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi. "Dysphagia in Neuroinflammatory Diseases of the Central Nervous System." In Dysphagia - New Advances [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101794.
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Neuroinflammatory disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) consist of a relatively heterogeneous group of diseases that share the autoimmune activity against different parts of the system. Swallowing problems could happen in many of these cases. Its effect on the patients’ quality of life is undeniable. It could be an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Detailed medical history and physical exam are important. Several questionnaires could help monitor dysphagia. Radiographic and endoscopic evaluations may be necessary to detect overlooked swallowing problems. The main treatment appears to be treating the underlying disease, besides general supplementary options like rehabilitation and speech therapy.
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Parent S., Deschênes S., Charron G., et al. "Reducing radiation exposure for scoliosis." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2008. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-58603-888-5-369.
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The efficiency of two digital x-ray systems was evaluated: the new EOSTMand the Fuji FCR 7501S. Postero-anterior and lateral images were acquired with both systems for 50 consecutive adolescent patients with scoliosis. Images were taken sequentially with the Fuji System while the EOS acquires the two views simultaneously using vertical scanning of the patient with collimated fan beams coupled with linear gazeous detectors. Optically Stimulated Luminescent dosimeters (OSL) from Landauer were strategically placed on the patient to measure skin dose during the whole CR examination. Then, the set of OSL was replaced for the EOS exam. The same kVp was used for both acquisitions and mAs were chosen to produce images with similar SNR. Image quality assessment was obtained using a questionnaire targeting anatomic landmarks based on the European Guidelines for Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Paediatrics, and was performed by two radiologists and two orthopaedic surgeons.
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del Carmen Migueláñez Medrán, Blanca, Nuria Delgado Castro, Elena Riad Deglow, and Álvaro Zubizarreta Macho. "Update and Making-Decisions in Dental Traumatology." In Dentistry. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106195.
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Dental traumatology is highlighted as an unexpected emergency event which can occur at any moment, age, sex, and gender. Crown fractures account for most traumatic injuries occurring in the permanent dentition. A complete radiographic examination is considered essential in order to assess the state of the pulp, the degree of root development, and the existence of any pathologies affecting the supporting tissues. These examinations also provide a useful tool for subsequent comparisons with those conducted after treatment, ensuring adequate clinical follow-up. Additionally, avulsion of permanent teeth has been highlighted as one of the most relevant dental injuries; therefore, the prognosis of this traumatic event has been directly related to the treatment decision-making process and the time passed since the accident. In addition, dental trauma is also one of the most frequent emergency situations seen in Pediatric Dentistry; moreover, the dental injury of the temporary teeth could also affect to the permanent teeth; hence, it is necessary to perform an exhaustive clinical and radio diagnostic exam to allow a correct diagnosis and a predictable treatment plan. Therefore, the creation of action protocols makes it possible to simplify and facilitate decision-making under stressful situations for patients and clinicians.
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Bhalla, Sanjeev. "Introduction to Emergency Chest Radiology." In Chest Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199858064.003.0020.
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Because of its low cost and relative ease of performance, the chest radiograph is often used as a first line of imaging in the Emergency Department. One must have a structured approach to this deceptively simple exam. The first step of imaging interpretation should be an understanding of the clinical context of the examination (chest pain, dyspnea, blunt or penetrating trauma, for example). The second step should be comparison with any prior imaging. The third step should involve a careful search for any abnormal lucency. The final step should be to focus on the integrity of 9 lines, stripes and interfaces of the mediastinum. Using these simple steps in the analysis of all chest radiographs will allow for the highest diagnostic yield.
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Garcia, Jairo. "Bone Tumors: How to Make a Diagnosis?" In Bone Tumors - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.106673.
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The diagnosis of bone tumors begins with suspicion due to some clinical symptoms or due to image findings. From this point onwards, it should be understood the need for new imaging exams, usually based on whether the lesion is most likely benign or malignant. Some benign lesions have diagnosis defined by simple radiography; others need more detailed investigation. Malignant lesions always need a detailed location and systemic assessment. Malignant primary tumors occur generally in patients under 20 years, while secondary malignant lesions are usually related to patients over 40 years. Biopsy of a bone injury, when indicated, is always the last exam to be performed, generating a histological diagnosis and defining treatment.
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Eventov, Michelle, and Christopher J. Standaert. "“My Back Aches, and I Can’t Stand Long Enough to Make Dinner.”: Chronic Low Back Pain at 73." In Low Back Pain. Oxford University PressNew York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197652848.003.0011.
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Abstract Degenerative scoliosis develops during adulthood, the result of progressive asymmetric degenerative change, and is commonly associated with low back pain (LBP). If the physical exam shows signs of scoliosis, spine radiographs should be evaluated. These are ordered as scoliosis or “full cassette” films and run from the base of the skull to the pelvis. They must be obtained with the patient standing without external support. Scoliosis is defined by a Cobb angle &gt;10°, which measures the spine’s lateral curvature in the coronal plane, as seen in an antero-posterior (A/P) standing radiograph. In contrast to idiopathic scoliosis, degenerative lumbar scoliosis generally occurs without a compensatory curve and is more prone to postural “imbalance.” Degenerative scoliosis affects close to half of the older adult population. Treatment should be focused on function: gait mechanics, home setup, and activity modification are essential. Optimizing weight/nutritional status and bone density are also important aspects of management.
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Molloy, Phillip. "Respiratory." In How To Draw Anatomy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192883322.003.0002.
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Abstract This chapter studies basic respiratory anatomy. Drawing the lungs in particular will give the reader a better anatomical understanding behind the interpretation of chest radiographs which is key to passing exams and when working within medicine.
Conference papers on the topic "Radiographic exam"
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Wang, Xiaohui, and Hui Luo. "Automatic and exam-type independent algorithm for the segmentation and extraction of foreground, background, and anatomy regions in digital radiographic images." In Medical Imaging 2004, edited by J. Michael Fitzpatrick and Milan Sonka. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.536805.
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Antonio Diez - De Pablos, José, Luis Martí Bonmati, Nicolás Palomares, et al. "Humanizing X-Ray Services for Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Holistic Approach to Functionality, Usability and Aesthetics." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005069.
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The adequate acquisition of X-ray images is crucial for effectively monitoring and treating patients with significant spinal deformities, particularly those with mobility limitations, mainly children. Patients with these considerations include individuals with cerebral palsy, who face additional challenges in doctor-patient interactions due to speech and cognitive restrictions. Moreover, patients with spasticity resulting from paralysis may exhibit uncontrollable limb movements.In the absence of suitable devices forcing patients to maintain a stable seated position during imaging, they often adopt inadequate postures, risking misdiagnosis and unnecessary radiation exposure if exam repetition is needed. To address this issue, an X-ray Sitting Support device has been designed to accommodate patients with these pathologies and ensure high-quality radiographic images while prioritizing patient safety and comfort.The development of the X-Ray Sitting Support device was based on a Human Factors plan and User Experience methodologies, with an iterative process focusing on physical ergonomics, usability, and patient acceptance. Feedback from patients, medical personnel, and caregivers was integrated throughout the design process, from defining requirements to real-world prototype validation. This comprehensive approach ensured that the imaging sitting support met the needs of both patients and medical professionals, enhancing the effectiveness and safety of radiological examinations for individuals unable to stand.
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Becker, James W., and Matthew L. Schulte. "Volumetric Examination After PWHT on a Carbon Steel Pressure Vessel." In ASME 2014 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2014-28727.
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Carbon steel pressure vessels may require post weld heat treatment (PWHT) for stress relief in accordance with global pressure vessel safety codes. When stress relieved, most of these vessels receive a full volumetric exam, such as radiography or ultrasound. Many supplementary design specifications require the volumetric exam take place after PWHT; however, when a volumetric exam after PWHT is required, vessel fabricators commonly perform an additional examination before PWHT to mitigate the risk of a second PWHT cycle. The increased cost associated with performing two full volumetric exams is passed on to the end-user of the pressure vessel. This investigation examines the need for a volumetric exam after PWHT on a carbon steel pressure vessel. Following a literature review and after analysis of radiography results from vessel fabricators in the United States, there is little evidence supporting a volumetric examination requirement after PWHT. PWHT does not cause sub-surface flaw development or sub-surface flaw propagation. A surface examination after PWHT is still recommended to confirm flaws have not developed near the surface during PWHT; however, a full volumetric examination on a carbon steel vessel after PWHT may be unnecessary.
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Ziviani, Hugo Eduardo, Guillermo Cámara Chávez, and Mateus Coelho Silva. "Applying a Conditional GAN for Bone Suppression in Chest Radiography Images." In Seminário Integrado de Software e Hardware. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/semish.2022.222540.
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Bone suppression in radiography is a suitable technique to evaluate the health of soft tissues in exams. For instance, these techniques are essential in evaluating chest radiography images during the COVID-19 outbreak. The purpose of this work is to propose an alternative to solve the bone suppression task in chest radiography images using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). Specifically, we used a conditional GAN type (cGAN) to provide a bone-suppressed version of the initial image. To quantify the results, it was necessary to review the main metrics and some state-of-the-art papers related to ours. We compared our result to works from the literature that used the same dataset as the proposal or related techniques. The most used dataset was the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) in these works. With this set of images, we reached a PSNR index of 34.96, which was better than that reviewed in the literature, and a similarity coefficient, known as SSIM, of 0.94. As for the loss calculated by MS-SSIM, we obtained the lowest compared to the reviewed works.