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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiographic exam'
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Rosa, Isadora Veiga da, Janine Hastenteufel Dias, Rochelle Lykawka, Mauricio Anes, Luany Nobre Furlan, and Alexandre Bacelar. "Análise dos índices de exposição de exames de radiografia digital." Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences 12, no. 3 (2024): e2435. http://dx.doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2435.
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Radiography is a crucial diagnostic imaging modality in clinical practice, with persistent challenges in digital radiography regarding the level of exposure. The International Electrotechnical Commission standardized the Exposure Index (EI) and Deviation Index (DI) in digital systems, aiming to improve the assessment of radiation exposure. Each exam has an associated Target Exposure Index (EIT), representing the balance between radiation dose and image quality. This study analyzed the EI and DI of digital radiographs at a university hospital, using a database of 71,760 radiographs. The analysis considered the action limits as suggested by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM). The group of exposures carried out in radiography rooms presented a DI of 1.2, while that of exposures carried out on mobile equipment, 2.4. In contrast, the first group presented standard deviation values between 1.5 and 3.9, while the second, between 1.8 and 2.6. These results suggest that exposures performed using Automatic Exposure Control (CAE) differ less from EIT, however, radiographic techniques were more standardized among exams with mobile equipment, performed with manual selection of exposure parameters, as these exams presented a smaller DI dispersion range. The creation of an automated tool in Google Looker Studio facilitated interactive data analysis, presenting information by anatomical region and view, with the potential to continuously monitor radiological practices. For certain incidences, the average DI values obtained differed substantially from the ideal value, which requires optimization actions, investigation into the definition of adequate EIT and calibration of the CAE. The study provided a detailed overview of local radiographic practices, highlighting priorities for optimization and standardization actions.
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Wollstein, Ronit, Julio Clavijo, and Louis A. Gilula. "Osteoarthritis of the Wrist STT Joint and Radiocarpal Joint." Arthritis 2012 (August 26, 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/242159.
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Our understanding of wrist osteoarthritis (OA) lags behind that of other joints, possibly due to the complexity of wrist biomechanics and the importance of ligamentous forces in the function of the wrist. Scaphotrapeziotrapezoidal (STT) OA is common, but its role in wrist clinical pathology and biomechanics is unclear. We identified the prevalence of radiographic STT joint OA in our hand clinic population and defined the relationship between STT and radiocarpal OA in wrist radiographs. One hundred consecutive wrist clinical and radiographic exams were retrospectively reviewed. Radiographs were evaluated for the presence and stage of OA. The mean age was 61.3 (14.5) years. The radiographic occurrence of STT joint OA was 59% and of radiocarpal (RC) OA was 29%. Radiographic STT and RC joint OA were inversely related. Tenderness over the STT joint in physical exam was not associated with OA in the STT or other joints. STT OA in our series was not related to wrist pain. These findings support the discrepancy between radiographic and cadaver findings and clinically significant OA in this joint. The inverse relationship between STT and RC OA, as seen in scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist, requires further biomechanical study.
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Lorenzoni, Diego Coelho, Ana Carolina Cuzzuol Fracalossi, Viviane Carlin, Daniel Araki Ribeiro, and Eduardo Franzotti Sant'Anna. "Mutagenicity and cytotoxicity in patients submitted to ionizing radiation." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 1 (2012): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/013112-88.1.
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Abstract Objectives: To evaluate and compare mutagenicity (micronucleus) and cytotoxicity (karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis) in exfoliated buccal mucosa cells of children following cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) or conventional radiograph exposure necessary for orthodontic planning. Materials and Methods: A total of 49 healthy children were submitted to CBCT or a conventional orthodontic radiographic protocol; they were divided into two groups based on exam: CBCT (n = 24) and Radiographic Set (n = 25) groups. The micronucleus test in the exfoliated buccal mucosa cells was applied. Results: There was not a statistically significant difference (P > .05) found between the number of micronucleated buccal mucosa cells (MNC) before and after exposure to radiation in either group, showing that neither group experienced a mutagenic effect. However, radiation did cause other nuclear alterations closely related to cytotoxicity, including karyorrhexis, pyknosis, and karyolysis, in both groups (P < .05). The CBCT group presented a greater increase in cell death than was noted in the Radiographic Set group (P < .044). Conclusion: According to the micronucleus test, mutagenicity was not induced by the CBCT or the conventional radiographs, but cytotoxicity was verified after these exams, especially after CBCT. That might have happened once the CBCT group received a greater radiation dose than the Radiographic Set group as a result of the protocols used in orthodontic planning for this study.
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Fagundes, Bruna Dias, Mariana C. H. Rondelli, Eduarda A. N. L. D. Cavalcanti, et al. "Acquired megaesophagus in a dog – case report." Clínica Veterinária XXVI, no. 150 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2021.xxvi.n.151.p.46-55.
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Acquired megaesophagus is an uncommon cause of regurgitation in dogs. Diagnosis is confirmed by simple or contrast radiographs, endoscopy, tomography, scintigraphy, or magnetic resonance imaging. Esophagography with barium sulphate contrast is the most commonly used method, however, it may be inconclusive if dilation marking does not occur. This paper reports the case of a 9-year-old female dog, with a history of regurgitation over six months, simple and contrast radiographic exams showing no evidence of megaesophagus. The esophagography exam was repeated with the addition of barium contrast mixed with commercial dry pet food, which verified esophageal dilatation and confirmed megaesophagus. Although this technique is not widely used, it is an effective alternative method for diagnosis of canine megaesophagus, particularly when other radiographic approaches are inconclusive.
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Sendyk-Grunkraut, Alessandra, Lenin Arturo Villamizar-Martinez, Carina Outi Baroni, Karen Maciel Zardo, Claudia Matsunaga Martin, and Ana Carolina Brandão de Campos Fonseca Pinto. "Radiographic and tomographic features of elbow dysplasia – a literature review." Clínica Veterinária XVIII, no. 107 (2013): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2013.xviii.n.107.p.100-108.
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Elbow dysplasia (ED) is a frequent condition in young and young adult dogs and one of the most frequent causes of thoracic limb lameness. The main causes of ED are: ununited anconeal process (UAP), fragmented medial coronoid process of the ulna (FMCP), osteochondrosis/osteochondritis dissecans of the distomedial aspect of the humeral trochlea (OH) and articular incongruity (AI). Radiographic diagnosis of ED poses many challenges to the clinician. OA and AI can be easily detected in radiographic exams, but OH and FMCP may demand further analysis with other imaging modalities for the final diagnosis to be established, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The aim of this review is to discuss the radiographic and tomographic features of ED, as well as the advantages of computed tomographic images in relation to the radiographic exam.
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Kruger, Marília Sfredo, Amália Isaura Medeiros Klaes, Ana Claudia de Souza, et al. "Atypical Intracranial Calcifications in a conventional radiographic exam." Clinical & Biomedical Research 34, no. 4 (2014): 412–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/2357-9730.50633.
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Lo Giudice, R., F. Nicita, F. Puleio, et al. "Accuracy of Periapical Radiography and CBCT in Endodontic Evaluation." International Journal of Dentistry 2018 (October 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2514243.
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Introduction. A radiological evaluation is essential in endodontics, for diagnostic purposes, planning and execution of the treatment, and evaluation of the success of therapy. The periapical radiography is nowadays the main radiographic investigations used but presents some limits as 3D anatomic alteration, geometric compression, and possible anatomical structures overlapping that can obscure the area of interest. CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) in endodontics allows a detailed assessment of the teeth and surrounding alveolar anatomy for endodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up. Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of CBCT in comparison with conventional intraoral radiographs used in endodontic procedures. Materials and Methods. Statistical analysis was performed on 101 patients with previous endodontic treatments with the relative radiographic documentation (preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up intraoral X-ray) that had underwent at CBCT screening for surgical reasons. The CBCT scans were evaluated independently by two operators and compared with the corresponding periapical images. Results. Our analysis shows that the two radiological investigations statistically agree in 100% of cases in the group of patients without any endodontic sign. In the group of patients with an endodontic pathology, detected with CBCT, endodontic under extended treatments (30.6%), MB2 canals in nontreated maxillary molars (20.7%), second canals in nontreated mandibular incisors (9%), root fractures (2.7%), and root resorption (2.7%) were not always visible in intraoral X-ray. Otherwise, positivity in the intraoral X-ray was always confirmed in CBCT. A radiolucent area was detected in CBCT exam in 46%, while the intraoral X-ray exam was positive only in 18%. Conclusions. Our study shows that some important radiological signs acquired using CBCT are not always visible in periapical X-ray. Furthermore, CBCT is considered as a II level exam and could be used to solve diagnostic questions, essential to a proper management of the endodontic problems.
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Chambers, Michael G., Garrett W. Britton, and Leopoldo C. Cancio. "798 Introduction of Bedside Echocardiography by Mid-level Providers into Burn Intensive Care." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (2020): S235—S236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.375.
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Abstract Introduction Point-of-care ultrasound (US) has been shown to be a useful adjunct in assessment of various shock states and has been utilized to guide both resuscitation and post-resuscitation de-escalation. We aimed to characterize the use of bedside ultrasound examinations performed by advance practice providers (APPs) and attending physicians in a burn intensive care unit (BICU). Methods We introduced routine US by an APP into our BICU and evaluated our experience under an approved PI project. Daily beside US exams were performed utilizing a portable US machine with a cardiac probe and tissue filter. US exams included focused transthoracic echocardiography, assessment of inferior vena cava diameter with distensibility/collapsibility indices, and pulmonary evaluation. The images were archived to a centralized repository and reviewed daily during multi-disciplinary rounds. US data were utilized in conjunction with physical exam, radiographic, and laboratory findings for medical management decision making. Results Thirty-four exams of 34 patients have been conducted to date. 91% of US findings corresponded to physical, laboratory, and radiographic findings, and contributed positively to medical decision making. 9% of US findings either did not contribute to medical decision making or conflicted with physical exam, radiographic, or laboratory findings. Conclusions Our results demonstrate the feasibility of routine US by an APP in the BICU, and indicate that bedside US helps guide both resuscitative and post-resuscitative care. Applicability of Research to Practice It is well known that positive fluid balance is associated with worse clinical outcomes. We believe point-of-care US is a viable tool in preventing over-resuscitation as well as to guide post-resuscitative diuresis.
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Durler, Shelby, Kelly Lightwine, Elizabeth Ablah, Thomas Cox, and James M. Haan. "Evaluating the Long-Term Neurologic Sequelae Among Trauma Patients who Received Flexion-Extension Radiographs." Kansas Journal of Medicine 17, no. 4 (2024): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol17.21379.
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Introduction. This study evaluated the presence of neurologic sequelae among trauma patients after flexion-extension (F/E) radiographs. Methods. Authors of the study conducted a retrospective review of patients (age ≥ 14 years) with a Glasgow Coma Score of 15 who sustained a blunt traumatic injury and received F/E radiographs. Radiographic scans were defined as positive, negative, inconclusive, or incomplete. The neurologic status of each patient was assessed before and after the F/E radiographs, and at discharge and follow-up. Results. Of the 501 patients included in the analysis, 84.6% (n = 424) had negative F/E radiographs, and 3.2% (n = 16) had positive F/E radiographs. Ten percent (n = 51) of patients had incomplete F/E radiographs, and 2.0% (n = 10) were inconclusive due to the inability to rule out a ligamentous injury. Three patients (0.6%) had MRI-confirmed ligamentous injuries, all of which had initial incomplete F/E radiographs due to pain. No patient had a documented neurological deficit before or after the F/E exam. Three patients with an initial negative F/E radiograph returned to the clinic with symptoms of neurologic sequelae. Two of these patients had symptom resolution with no further issues at future follow-up appointments. The third patient was found to have chronic neurologic symptoms after further evaluation. Conclusions. The inclusion of F/E exams in cervical spine clearance protocols did not demonstrate any new long-term iatrogenic neurologic injuries. Consideration should be given to performing MRIs on patients with incomplete F/E radiographs that cannot rule out a ligamentous injury.
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Tchaou, M., G. N. Gnakadja, B. N’timon, et al. "Revue Des Doses D’exposition Et De La Justification Des Radiographies Standard En Pratique Pédiatrique Au Togo." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p223.
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Aims: To assess the justification of indications and exposure doses to children during radiographics. Methods: Prospective study of 102 X-ray exams of children collected over a period of 6 months in the Department of Radiology of Kara Teaching Hospital. Objectives: To assess the rationale guidance and exposure doses to children when standard radiographic examinations. Methodology: prospective observational study of 102 standard radiographs (Rx) collected in the radiology department of the University Hospital of Kara on a 6 month period. Results: Male children were predominant with a sex ratio boy / girl of 1.3. The predominant age group was the 5 to 10 years. Chest X-rays were the most practiced exam, with 43%. According to the Guide of well practices of French Society of Radiology (SFR) and the French Society of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine (SFBMN), 80% of exams were justified. The comparison of our results to diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) shows that 43% and 39% of standard X-rays had dosimetric values exceeds the RDLs respectively the entrance Dose (De) and Dose Surface Product (DSP). Conclusion:Our study reveals that compliance guidance assessments to the proper use of medical imaging examinations guide was not always effective but satisfactory. The study dosimetric constants showed that the dose to children exceeded in a large proportion of the French and Belgian DRLs.
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Stana, Ademir Horia, Otilia Lavinia Stana (Gag), Gheorghe Ciobanu, et al. "Applications of Imaging Technologies in Maxillary Cyst Assessment." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 5 (2017): 1130–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.5.5627.
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The use of dental radiographies is nowadays indispensible for the clinician, and the evolution of x-rays provide quality images of the anatomic structures. The indications for a radiographic exam must be based on a clinical examination of the patient. Although the most used radiographies in dentistry are the retroalveolar and the panoramic one, it is considered that the indication for a CBCT scanning should be professional justified and evaluated as a balance between the benefits and the risk of exposure at radiation. The CBCT scans provide good quality images of the anatomic structures, with an accurate delimitation of the pathologic lesions, fact that allows the practitioner to proper evaluate the surrounding structures. CBCT technique uses an x-ray beam shaped like a cone that records 3D images in a single gantry rotation (360 degrees) within 6-20 seconds, with a radiation dose that depends on several factors. The comparison of the radiation dose of the CBCT (11-674 mSv) and the panoramic radiography (2.7�24.3 mSv) demonstrates that the CBCT requires a higher dose of radiation, but the high image quality is competing with the ones obtained with MSCT (280�1,410 mSv). The panoramic radiography uses an x-ray beam that is angled at aproximately 8 degrees, providing the practitioner a 2D radiographic image of the anatomic structures. The disadvantages of the panoramic radiography are the overlapping of the anatomic structures, the distortion and the blurry image. The study is based on the measurements of cystic lesions of the mandibular and maxillary bone that were present on radiographies and CBCT scans of 25 patients. The result of the measurements was that significative differences were found between the panoramic image of the cyst and the reconstructive image that the CBCT.
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Obayda, Md Abu, Shahid Ahmed, Tanzila Parvin, and Muhtasim Aziz Muneem. "Enhancing Effective Verbal Communication Between Radiologic Technologists and Patients: Assessing the Impact of Service Delivery in Hospitals of Dhaka City." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 5, no. 5 (2023): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2023.5.5.1925.
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Objective: Effective communication is crucial in the field of radiography as it holds significant importance in the practice. Radiologic technologists need to possess an understanding of both the physical and emotional requirements of patients. This understanding can be attained through proficient communication skills. Methodology: A qualitative research study was conducted in nearly fifteen private hospitals in Dhaka City in Bangladesh and 61 radiological technologists and 111 patients responds to this study. Result: The most important thing is, radiological technologist data showed there were 40 (65.6%) radiological technologists using protective shields for patients when taking radiographic exams and likewise Patients data showed there were 65 (58.6%) patients said that the radiological technologists were not using protective shields when taking radiographic exam. This is a contradictory issue of each other. It is due to a lack of awareness among professionals and patients and also due to a lack of supervision of the concerned authority. Conclusion: The study aimed to assess the extent of verbal communication occurring between radiological technologists and patients. It also sought to recognize the significance of patient care, ensuring patient safety, and determining priorities within diagnostic radiology departments.
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Silva, Lucas Antônio de Carvalho e., Sáthyla Lander Cândida Marques, Alexandre Meireles Borba, and Ivan Onone Gialain. "Prevalence of pneumatized articular eminence of the temporal bone on panoramic and tomographic images: scoping review." Concilium 24, no. 6 (2024): 571–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.53660/clm-3102-24f03.
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Pneumatization of structures can be a significant risk factor during surgical precudures. The aim of the present scoping review was to evaluate the prevalence of pneumatized articular eminence of the temporal bone on panoramic radiograph and computed tomography images. A search was performed of the following databases: Medline/Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Scopus. Prevalence papers with use of radiographic or tomographic images. Papers from any language were included, published up to February 2024. Among the 54 selected papers, a total sample of 75015 patients was considered. The pooled prevalation of pneumatized articular eminence was 3865 (5,85) cases. Upon further comparison, computerized tomography images presented higher prevalence than panoramic radiograph. Specific prevalence analysis showed that the prevalence is higher in females (1.11:1 ratio), unilateral (1,55:1) and multilocular (2,19:1). When computed tomography was employed, the biletaral and multilocular prevalence was higher, in comparison to studies using panoramic radiography. Computed tomography should be considered the stardard imaging exam for assessing pneumatization.
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Henrique Moura Fonsêca dos Santos, Álvaro, João Pedro de Almeida Santos, Camila Gabrielly de Souza Moura, Leilane Ferreira Bernardo, Victória Brito de Almeida Couto, and Rafael De Sousa Carvalho Saboia. "IMAGING IN DENTISTRY." Health and Society 2, no. 06 (2023): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.51249/hs.v2i06.1090.
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Introduction: Since the discovery of the x-ray, imaging has progressed a lot and is applied in various areas of medicine and dentistry, the latter being an area that has undergone great evolution with the introduction of radiography, which came to complement and solve doubts about the exam and allow the dentist to make a more precise assessment and conduct. Objective: To highlight the two-dimensional and three-dimensional radiographic techniques used in dentistry, emphasizing their indications, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their relevant importance in dental practice. Methodology: This is a narrative review of the scientific literature in which data were collected through electronic searches in different databases using the descriptors Imagiology, Dentistry and Dental Imaging with the Boolean operator “AND”. Publications in Portuguese and English from the last 20 (twenty) years whose main focus was imaging applied to dentistry were used. Results and Discussion: When it comes to two-dimensional techniques, the three types of intraoral radiographs are periapical radiography, interproximal radiography and occlusal radiography. Three-dimensional techniques include computed tomography and cone-beam computed tomography. Each of these techniques has its indications, particularities, advantages and disadvantages that must always be evaluated and indicated according to the need. Conclusion: There is no doubt about the benefits that the radiographic techniques commonly used in dental practice introduce in the diagnosis, planning and treatment and in the different areas of work of the dental surgeon. It is always up to the professional to act individually with patients and evaluate the best technique to be adopted for each situation.
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Spiker, Andrea M., Peter D. Fabricant, Alexandra C. Wong, Joash R. Suryavanshi, and Ernest L. Sink. "Radiographic and clinical characteristics associated with a positive PART (Prone Apprehension Relocation Test): a new provocative exam to elicit hip instability." Journal of Hip Preservation Surgery 7, no. 2 (2020): 288–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhps/hnaa021.
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Abstract Hip instability due to mild dysplasia can be a diagnostic challenge. The physical exam is an important adjunct to radiographic evaluation for the clinical diagnosis of hip instability. Herein, we describe a new maneuver to replicate hip instability pain, called the PART (Prone Apprehension Relocation Test). We retrospectively identified patients in our institution’s hip preservation registry who presented for evaluation of hip pain. We divided patients into ‘positive’ or ‘negative’ PART and analyzed associated clinical and radiographic findings. Ninety patients (159 hips) were included, 83 female and 7 male, average age 27.3 ± 9.1 years. Thirty-four hips (21.4%) had a positive PART. There were no significant differences in hip range of motion, lateral center edge angle, or in acetabular depth. There was, however, a significant difference in acetabular version at 3 o’clock between the two test groups (18.5 ± 6.9° in negative, 21.2 ± 4.9° in positive, P = 0.045). There was no association between PART and previously described anterior apprehension testing. Historical methods of diagnosing hip dysplasia may not adequately identify patients with clinical hip instability. We describe a new provocative exam, the PART, which may be helpful in replicating hip instability symptoms in patients with anterior acetabular undercoverage. PART positive patients had significantly more acetabular anteversion at the 3 o’clock position, which is measured on computed tomography and is not visible on standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvis or false profile radiographs. We believe that the PART is a valuable supplement to clinical examination and radiographic measurements to identify patients with symptomatic hip instability.
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Guo, E., R. Sanguinetti, R. Ramchandani, S. Lama, and GR Sutherland. "P.110 Evaluating AI performance in written neurosurgery exams: a comparative analysis of large language models." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 51, s1 (2024): S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2024.213.
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Background: The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in medical education is an area of growing importance. While AI models have been evaluated extensively in multiple-choice question formats, their proficiency in written exams remains to be explored. Methods: Four AI models—GPT-4 (OpenAI), Claude-2.1 (Anthropic), Gemini Pro (Google), and Perplexity 70B (Perplexity)—were tested using the Canadian Royal College Sample Neurosurgery Exam. The written exam covered diagnostic reasoning, knowledge of neurosurgical conditions, and understanding of radiographic imaging techniques. Results: GPT-4 and Perplexity 70B both achieved a score of 68.42%, followed by Claude-2.1 with 60.53%, and Gemini Pro with 57.89%. The models showed proficiency in answering questions that required factual knowledge, such as identifying pathogens in spinal epidural abscess. However, they struggled with more complex diagnostic reasoning tasks, particularly in explaining the pathophysiology behind a sudden rise in blood pressure during surgery and interpreting radiographic characteristics of intracranial abscesses on MRI. Conclusions: The findings indicate that while AI models like GPT-4 and Perplexity 70B are adept at handling factual neurosurgical questions, their performance in complex diagnostic reasoning in a written format is less consistent. This underscores the need for more advanced and specialized AI training, particularly in the nuances of medical diagnostics and decision-making.
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Rebouças, Pedro Diniz, Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues, Adriana Kelly de Sousa Santiago, Clarice Santana Milagres, Juliana Oliveira Gondim, and José Jeová Siebra Moreira-Neto. "COMPARISON BETWEEN THE USE OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY AND CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO LOCATE DENTAL ELEMENTS SEVERE INTRUDED DUE TO TRAUMA: CASE REPORT." Pensar Acadêmico 11, no. 2 (2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21576/rpa.2014v11i2.1016.
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Intrusive luxation is a kind of traumatic injury characterized by an axial displacement of the tooth toward the alveolar bone. Its main causes are bicycle accidents, sports/recreational activities, and falls or collisions. Treatment strategies include waiting for the tooth to return to its position, immediate surgical repositioning and repositioning through dental traction by orthodontic devices. The correct diagnosis must be based on clinical and radiographic exams and it is crucial for decision-making in the treatment of injured patients. Currently, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in orthodontics, restorative dentistry and implantology as well as in the diagnosis of complex dental trauma. This article reports a case of severe dental intrusion, in which the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed because of doubts generated after clinical examination and panoramic radiograph analyze. This case report confirmed that the CBCT is an important exam to correct diagnostic.
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Rebouças, Pedro Diniz, Lorena Walesca Macedo Rodrigues, Adriana Kelly de Sousa Santiago, Clarice Santana Milagres, Juliana Oliveira Gondim, and José Jeová Siebra Moreira-Neto. "COMPARISON BETWEEN THE USE OF PANORAMIC RADIOGRAPHY AND CONE BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY TO LOCATE DENTAL ELEMENTS SEVERE INTRUDED DUE TO TRAUMA: CASE REPORT." Pensar Acadêmico 11, no. 2 (2019): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.21576/pa.2014v11i2.1016.
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Intrusive luxation is a kind of traumatic injury characterized by an axial displacement of the tooth toward the alveolar bone. Its main causes are bicycle accidents, sports/recreational activities, and falls or collisions. Treatment strategies include waiting for the tooth to return to its position, immediate surgical repositioning and repositioning through dental traction by orthodontic devices. The correct diagnosis must be based on clinical and radiographic exams and it is crucial for decision-making in the treatment of injured patients. Currently, the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) has been widely used in orthodontics, restorative dentistry and implantology as well as in the diagnosis of complex dental trauma. This article reports a case of severe dental intrusion, in which the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) was performed because of doubts generated after clinical examination and panoramic radiograph analyze. This case report confirmed that the CBCT is an important exam to correct diagnostic.
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Silva, Moana Guimarães, and Eliane Garritano Papa. "Imaging diagnosis of compound - complex odontoma and impacted dental elements: a case report." Revista Fluminense de Odontologia 3, no. 65 (2024): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.22409/ijosd.v3i65.60380.
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Odontomas are the most common type of odontogenic tumors, defined as a benign malformation, usually diagnosed in the second decade of life, during the investigation of late adjacent teeth eruption or a delay in exfoliation of deciduous teeth. They are divided into two types: compound and complex. The odontoma classified as compound is composed of multiple small tooth-like structures, in several shapes and sizes, surrounded by a thin radiolucent rim. On the other hand, complex odontomas resemble a mass of calcified tissue that presents the same dental tissue radiopacity, also surrounded by a thin radiolucent rim. Occasionally, both aspects can be seen in the same lesion. Often, odontomas can cause a local increase in bone volume due to their development. The diagnosis is made through routine radiographic examination and, when it is necessary, it is possible to make use of panoramic radiographies and cone beam computed tomography with the purpose of verifying its extension, malformations and erupted alterations caused to the adjacent teeth, as well as the tumor classification. This case report presents a Compound-Complex Odontoma in a 13-year-old male patient, treated in 2016 at the Oral Diagnosis Clinic II of the Federal Fluminense University. He presented impacted teeth 22 and 23, delayed eruption of tooth 63 and volume increase in the left anterior maxilla site. Aiming the patient’s diagnosis, the following exams were necessary: periapical radiographies, panoramic radiography, cone beam computed tomography. The aim of this paper is to explain the different image diagnostic tools which were used in this clinical study and what are the advantages of each exam. Keywords: Odontoma. radiography. tomography. Impacte.
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Moran, Maira, Marcelo Faria, Gilson Giraldi, Luciana Bastos, Larissa Oliveira, and Aura Conci. "Classification of Approximal Caries in Bitewing Radiographs Using Convolutional Neural Networks." Sensors 21, no. 15 (2021): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155192.
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Dental caries is an extremely common problem in dentistry that affects a significant part of the population. Approximal caries are especially difficult to identify because their position makes clinical analysis difficult. Radiographic evaluation—more specifically, bitewing images—are mostly used in such cases. However, incorrect interpretations may interfere with the diagnostic process. To aid dentists in caries evaluation, computational methods and tools can be used. In this work, we propose a new method that combines image processing techniques and convolutional neural networks to identify approximal dental caries in bitewing radiographic images and classify them according to lesion severity. For this study, we acquired 112 bitewing radiographs. From these exams, we extracted individual tooth images from each exam, applied a data augmentation process, and used the resulting images to train CNN classification models. The tooth images were previously labeled by experts to denote the defined classes. We evaluated classification models based on the Inception and ResNet architectures using three different learning rates: 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001. The training process included 2000 iterations, and the best results were achieved by the Inception model with a 0.001 learning rate, whose accuracy on the test set was 73.3%. The results can be considered promising and suggest that the proposed method could be used to assist dentists in the evaluation of bitewing images, and the definition of lesion severity and appropriate treatments.
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Kumar, Vinod, Keshav Sharma, Priyanka Narwade, and Dayanidhi Jena. "Surgical Management of Fetal Maceration in a Bitch." Indian Journal of Animal Reproduction 45, no. 2 (2025): 82–85. https://doi.org/10.48165/ijar.2024.45.02.15.
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A 7-year-old intact bitch was presented with a history of foul smelling serosanguinous vaginal discharge and in-appe tence since the last 15 days. Radiographic examination revealed radiopaque structures resembling scattered bony masses. Based on the history, clinical findings and radiographic analysis the case was suspected for fetal maceration and it was immediately referred for surgical intervention. Three macerated fetal masses were removed. The detailed clinical exam ination, diagnosis and surgical treatment is discussed.
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de Oliveira, Guilherme Augusto Alves, Cleiterson Rezende de Sá, Omar Ribeiro Santos Junior, Rafael Pereira da Mata Santos, and Flávio Ricardo Manzi. "Case Reports of a New Method for Differential Diagnosis of Calcified Carotid Artery Atheroma." Case Reports in Dentistry 2021 (January 4, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8874087.
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Introduction. Early diagnosis of calcified atheromas may decrease morbidity and mortality caused by brain and cardiovascular diseases, in which atherosclerosis is the main etiological factor of these pathologies. Dental examinations with the aim of detecting this pathology have been in progress since 1981, such as panoramic radiography, considered the most widely studied method for this diagnosis. However, some limitations of this exam have been reported with reference to inability to visualize the cervical region and difficulty of establishing a precise diagnosis because of many structures and calcifications that have similar radiographic characteristics. Case Report. The present study to describe a dental radiographic technique for establishing the differential diagnosis of calcified atheromas regarding other calcifications and reporting 3 clinical cases that demonstrate its effectiveness in different clinical situations. Discussion. Manzi Projection can promote a differential diagnosis of calcified atheromas in dental practice and consequently subsidize the clinician for referring the patient to the physician.
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Riemann, Monique C., Smita S. Bailey, Nicholas Rubert, Craig E. Barnes, and Judson W. Karlen. "Sonography of Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods: A Quality Initiative in the Creation of a Multidisciplinary Clinic." Journal of Diagnostic Medical Sonography 36, no. 6 (2020): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756479320946722.
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Objective: The MAGEC (Magnetic Expansion Control) rods were introduced to a medical institution in 2015. The rod expansion procedures were initially evaluated with radiographs. The staff undertook a quality initiative to reduce radiation exposure by utilizing sonography. Material and Methods: The radiation dose for a typical visit was measured by examining DICOM imaging data, stored in PACS. Imaging visit time was determined from the difference between times of first radiograph/sonogram before distraction to last radiograph/sonogram after distraction. Results: The 21 patients (8 male, 13 female) were an average age of 11.4 ± 2.82 years (age at implant = 7.5 ± 1.94) when evaluated. The average length of time for a radiographic visit was 40.7 ± 20.7 minutes, whereas a sonography visit was 10.7 ± 3.7 minutes. Radiation dose per study visit prior to the introduction of the MAGEC clinic was 0.42 ± 0.39 mSv. Given an ideal patient schedule, the MAGEC clinic could reduce radiation dose by 1.3 to 2.5 mSv annually, with 95% confidence. Conclusion: This quality improvement study demonstrated a reduction in radiation exposure and imaging time. The added benefits were providing a successful multidisciplinary imaging clinic and creation of a new exam that aligned with the “ultrasound first” initiative.
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Ottoboni, Adria, Larissa Morsky, Laura Castro, Mark Rhoades, Daniel Quesada, and Phillip Aguìñiga-Navarrete. "Acquired Pediatric Right Diaphragmatic Hernia Following Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator Placement." Clinical Practice and Cases in Emergency Medicine 3, no. 4 (2019): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5811/cpcem.2019.9.43992.
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Diaphragmatic hernias are an uncommon occurrence in the pediatric population; however, they can cause significant morbidity and mortality if the diagnosis is missed or delayed. This case discusses the radiographic and clinical exam findings of a one-year-old patient with this pathology.
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Costa, Tamires Dias, Luciana Barreto Vieira de Aguiar, Bruno Natan Santana Lima, et al. "Is panoramic radiography reliable to evaluate the relationship between maxillary molar and premolar roots and the maxillary sinus?" Research, Society and Development 12, no. 4 (2023): e27412440217. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v12i4.40217.
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Aim: To evaluate the radiographic signs of proximity relationship between maxillary molar roots and maxillary sinus in panoramic radiographs, using CBCT as control. Methods: 81 examinations of patients who had panoramic radiographs and CBCT of the maxillary molars and pre molars region were used. Pathological situations were excluded from this study. Panoramic radiographs and CBCT were evaluated randomly and separately by an experienced dental radiology examiner. 1,055 root apices were evaluated individually. When assessing the relationship between maxillary molar and pre molar apices, and maxillary sinus, the examiner rated the images, both in panoramic radiography and CBCT, according to a scale of 0 to 3, where 0–Without relationship or distant; 1-Root apex projection or overlapping; 2-Maxillary sinus circumventing the tooth root; 3-Interruption of the continuity of maxillary sinus floor. Tabulated data were statistically analyzed using Kappa test and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) respectively, with a significance level of 5%. A second analysis of the sample was performed after 15 days to analyze reproducibility. Results: Kappa test indicated near perfect reproducibility (Kw=0.973). The highest prevalence ratio, when comparing the classification in panoramic radiographs and CBCT, was for type 1 (52,7%). There was no difference between the type 1 signal and the gold standard observed on CBCT (ρ=0.2152). Conclusion: Panoramic radiography can be used to evaluate the relationship between roots of maxillary molars and premolars with the maxillary sinus. For cases where there is overlapping between apices and maxillary sinus, CBCT remains the indicated exam for better evaluation.
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De Abreu, Claudine Botelho, Rodrigo Bernardes Nogueira, Luiz Eduardo Duarte De Oliveira, Flávia Dada Paiva, Antônio Carlos Cunha Lacreta Junior, and Josilene Nascimento Seixas. "Multiple Myeloma in a Dog." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 44, no. 1 (2016): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.84398.
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Background: The multiple myeloma is a neoplasia characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of plasma cells (plasmacytes) in the bone marrow and in other tissues. The infiltration of the neoplasia cells associated to the high level of anomalous immunoglobulin production (M protein) results in a variety of clinic-pathologic anomalies. It is a rare disease in dogs, corresponding to 0.3% of all malignant neoplasia and 2% of the hematopoietic, with few literature descriptions. So, the present paper aims at properly report a multiple myeloma in a dog of non-defined breed, emphasizing the clinic, laboratorial, radiographic and pathologic aspects.Case: In a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, an 11-year-old dog of non-defined breed was admitted, weighing 10.8 kg of body mass. The clinic history was claudication of the right thoracic member, hyporexia and lethargy in the past 20 days. The main abnormalities in the physical examination were holosystolic cardiac murmur III/VI on mitral focus, and high sensibility to touch in the right humerus. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria. Radiographic examination confirmed polyostotic punctate osteolysis on the right humerus; pelvic, femurs and vertebrae bones from L2 to L7, on generalized condition. Cytology by aspiration puncture from the left femur marrow bone did not confirm neoplasia cells. The clinic condition of the referred animal was progressively getting worse and euthanasia was performed. At the dog’s necropsy it was spotted tumor infiltrations on the femur, the humerus and the vertebrae canal. Histopathological exam of the bone marrow revealed diffuse occupation by distinguished plasmacytes, in some áreas reaching around 100% of cell population. Metastases on the primary tumor were found on the liver, kidney and spleen.Discussion: The diagnosis of multiple myeloma in this dog was confirmed by bone marrow histopathological exam. It is confirmed when there is more than 20% of plasmacytes in the examined structure. In this report, certain areas were spotted with 100% occupation of neoplasia cells. On the other hand, the first cytological assess did not reveal any abnormalities, suggesting that the place which received the puncture (aspiration) was not infiltrated by tumor cells. It is described that in the bone marrow may occur grouping of plasmacytes, as it was observed the animal’s necropsy of this report. This aspect point out that the diagnosis cannot be discarded only with a negative cytological exam from the bone marrow; especially if there are clinic, laboratorial and radiographic signs compatible to the illness. The spotted clinic signs by this patient are frequent in dogs with multiple myeloma, as well as the laboratory results, except to the monoclonal gammopathy. Due to a no realization of electrophoresis, this abnormality cannot be confirmed. At the initial assessment of the disease, the radiographic exam is considered golden standard as it was observed in this dog. The radiographic abnormalities were determinant, once they conducted the diagnosis towards the suspected neoplasia. According to current diagnosis criteria, on this present case, the pancytopenia, serum hypercalcemia and Bence-Jones proteinuria also helped towards the suspicion of multiple myeloma. However, the evaluation of the bone marrow was decisive to the final diagnosis; and a special attention was given to puncture more than one place in the bone marrow, which improved/enhanced the diagnosis possibility in this patient.Keywords: plasma cells, bone marrow, pancytopenia, osteolysis, radiography.
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Ratterree, William O., Mathieu M. Glassman, Elizabeth A. Driskell, and Marc E. Havig. "Craniomandibular Osteopathy with a Unique Neurological Manifestation in a Young Akita." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 47, no. 1 (2011): e7-e11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/jaaha-ms-5464.
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This report describes a 4 mo old intact male Akita that presented for evaluation of a life-long history of facial swelling and failure to thrive. Physical examination revealed an enlarged cranium with prominent bony swellings on the maxillary bone, excessive laxity and crepitus involving multiple joints, and proprioceptive deficits. Radiographs demonstrated multiple osseous abnormalities including endosteal thickening of the femurs and ilium. Necropsy revealed gross compression of the cerebellum and brainstem. Physical exam findings, radiographic abnormalities, and histopathology of multiple boney lesions were all consistent with craniomandibular osteopathy. In this unique case of craniomandibular osteopathy, the dog was affected with severe bony proliferations leading to generalized hyperostotic lesions and brainstem compression resulting in neurologic deficits.
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Bauer, Jennifer M., Virkamal K. Dhaliwal, Samuel R. Browd, and Walter F. Krengel. "Repeat Pediatric Trisomy 21 Radiographic Exam: Does Atlantoaxial Instability Develop Over Time?" Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics 41, no. 8 (2021): e646-e650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpo.0000000000001884.
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S. T., Gomes, Schwarz, S. C., and Claus V. T. "Experimental Evaluation of Optimization in Cr and Dr Digital Radiography Systems: A Study with Anthropomorphic Phantom." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology 42, no. 28 (2023): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2023/v42i284200.
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Place and Duration of Study: Sample: The experimental optimization study was conducted at a radiology clinic in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil between June 2022 and December 2022.
 In this study, we verified the efficiency of two digital radiography image acquisition systems (CR and DR) for a radiographic system.
 Methodology: We used an anthropomorphic phantom that represents the anatomy of the pelvis region of an adult patient. For image acquisition and dosimetric measurements, the radiographic system and two clinical use image digitization systems were used, and the dosimetric measurements were obtained through a radiation detector. For optimization of the exam, five different exposure techniques were used. With ImageJ software it was possible to obtain the signal and noise values for image quality (IQ) from regions of interest (ROI) defined in the image anatomy. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was calculated. The percentage deviation (D%) was chosen to compare the readings against the reference technique, which is used by radiology professionals in the clinic for pelvic examination.
 Results: The results obtained in this study point out that the DR system offers a constant SNR and a better visualization of tissues at low contrast when compared to the CR system. It was found that by raising the X-ray tube voltage and reducing the current product by time (70 kV and 32 mAs) to (100 kV and 5 mAs) one can optimize the pelvis radiographic examination for DR system, i.e., the KERMA in the incident air (KAR) was reduced from 2.9 mGy to 0.5 mGy (-76.3%) at the patient's pelvis surface. Average dose reduction in organs from 3.07 to 0.94 mGy (-69.5%) in the testes, 0.69 to 0.33 mGy (-52.2%) in the ovaries, 1.20 to 0.51 mGy (-57.3%) in the prostate, 0.14 to 0.07% (-46.4%) mGy in the bone marrow and 35.3% and 62.2% reduction (0.45 to 0.17) mSv the total effective dose of the exam with IQ higher by 11%.
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Maxin, Anthony, Bernice G. Gulek, Rami Shaibani, Lynn McGrath, Isaac Josh Abecassis, and Michael Robert Levitt. "404 Mobile Pupillometry for Detection of Vasospasm, Delayed Cerebral Ischemia, and Neuro Exam Change in Subjects With Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." Neurosurgery 70, Supplement_1 (2024): 122–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000002809_404.
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INTRODUCTION: The pupillary light reflex (PLR) parameters are quantitative biomarkers that can be used to detect neurological disease. Vasospasm complicates aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) trajectory, causing morbidity and mortality. METHODS: We prospectively collected PLR parameters from patients with aSAH admitted to a neurological intensive care unit twice daily using quantitative smartphone pupillometry recordings. PLR parameters included: Maximum pupil diameter (MAX), minimum pupil diameter (MIN), percent change in pupil diameter (CHANGE), latency in beginning of pupil constriction to light (LAT), mean constriction velocity (MCV), maximum constriction velocity (MAXCV), mean dilation velocity (MDV). One-tailed t-tests were performed to determine changes in PLR parameters between the following comparisons: (1) patients with and without radiographic vasospasm (defined by computed tomography angiography (CTA) or digital subtraction angiography (DSA)); (2) patients with and without delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI); and (3) patients with and without neurological exam change due to vasospasm. RESULTS: 42 total subjects were enrolled. For patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 29) radiographic vasospasm, significant PLR parameter differences were observed in: MAX (p = .024) and MIN (p = .0018). For patients with (n = 14) and without (n = 28) DCI, significant PLR parameter differences were observed in: CHANGE (p = .008). For patients with (n = 13) and without (n = 29) neurological exam change due to vasospasm, significant PLR parameter differences were observed in: MIN (34.7 vs 31.7, p = .014), CHANGE (20.6 vs 24.7, p = .025), and LAT (.36 vs .2, p = .0002). All other PLR parameters were not significantly different between groups for the three comparisons. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative smartphone pupillometry may be of clinical use in the detection of radiographic vasospasm, DCI, and neuro exam changes via separate and distinct parameters from the PLR.
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Paula, Gabriela Neuman de, Carla Aparecida Batista Lorigados, Gabriela Silva Rodrigues, et al. "Intratracheal ostechondroma in an old dog – a case report." Clínica Veterinária XXI, no. 122 (2016): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.46958/rcv.2016.xxi.n.122.p.38-44.
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Primary tracheal neoplasms are uncommon in dogs and cats. Affected animals are generally middle-aged or older, except those that develop osteochondromas. Clinical signs are consistent with upper airway obstruction, most often including cough, intolerance to exercise, breathing difficulty and cyanosis. Diagnosis is usually achieved with a simple radiographic evaluation, while the tracheoscopy allows direct visualization and sampling of the lesion. Neoplastic lesions should be differentiated from other structures such as foreign bodies and polyps. This article reports the case of a 15-year-old female German Shepherd that had a one-year history of progressive dyspnea and cough. Survey radiography helped disclose a mass, but the definite diagnosis was achieved by means of a tracheoscopy followed by biopsy and histopathological exam of the tumor.
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Alarcón Apablaza, Josefa, Gonzalo Muñoz, Carlos Arriagada, Cristina Bucchi, Telma S. Masuko, and Ramón Fuentes. "Odontoma Recurrence. The Importance of Radiographic Controls: Case Report with a 7-Year Follow-Up." Medicina 60, no. 8 (2024): 1248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60081248.
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Odontomas are benign tumors characterized by slow and limited growth with a rare recurrence. Odontomas are generally detected by radiographic findings in the radiopaque stage, where calcification of the tissues is observed. This article seeks to report the recurrence of a radiologically diagnosed odontoma to show the importance of radiographic controls after enucleation as a diagnostic and follow-up method. Case report: A female patient, 9 years old, attended dental care in 2020 due to malpositioned teeth. In the intraoral clinical examination, she presented stage II mixed dentition with crowding. A radiographic exam showed no associated lesions. The patient reported a history of odontoma removal and a supernumerary tooth in sextant II in 2016. Subsequently, she was referred to orthodontics, where permanent dentition with moderate anterior crowding in the maxilla and mandible was observed. The radiographic examination showed a radiopaque area compatible with odontoma, palatal to teeth 12 and 13. Conclusions: Although recurrence is rare, complete removal in the case of an odontoma is critical. This study demonstrates the importance of performing radiographic controls 5 years after enucleation of an odontoma, considering the stages of evolution.
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Martins, Eloara Giovanna Aguiar Bonassoli de Oliveira, Monalisa Tazinasso, Barbara Dala Rosa Bianco, et al. "Diagnostic approach of hydrocephaly in Shih-Tzu dogs - case report." OBSERVATÓRIO DE LA ECONOMÍA LATINOAMERICANA 22, no. 2 (2024): e3178. http://dx.doi.org/10.55905/oelv22n2-063.
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The objective of this study was to describe the use of complementary imaging tests to aid diagnosis in cases of hydrocephalus in the canine species. A female canine, of the Shih-Tzu breed, approximately three months old, weighing 2 kg, was seen at the Unicentro veterinary school clinic, with the main complaint of not playing and not responding to auditory or visual stimuli. The patient had pain when palpated in the cranial region, as well as pain in the topography of the cervical spine. The animal was sent for imaging exam. On radiographic examination, an enlarged skull was observed with soft tissue radiopacity in the frontal bone area, associated with bone discontinuity in the anatomical topography of the frontal fontanelles. On transcranial ultrasound, anechoic areas located inside the brain were detected, as well as an increase in the dimensions of the lateral ventricles filled with anechoic content. The report was indicative of hydrocephalus. The present study showed the effectiveness of transcranial ultrasound examination and cranial radiographic examination in diagnosing hydrocephalus. Being an alternative to veterinarians, since computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are high-cost exams and these methods are often unavailable, depending on the region.
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Walley, Kempland C., Chris M. Stauch, Jeremy Silver, et al. "Pre-Operative Radiographic Parameters of Arch Collapse Do Not Predict Future Treatment Failure in Patients with Stage IIb Pes Planus." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 4 (2020): 2473011420S0048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00486.
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Category: Ankle; Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a complex pathology of the foot that often results from dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon (PTTD) and encompasses a wide spectrum of deformity. A high-degree of continued morbidity following flatfoot reconstruction exists for which prognostic indicators of future poor outcomes are uncertain. AP and lateral weight-bearing radiographs are commonly utilized to assess the severity of deformity including forefoot abduction, medial arch collapse, and hindfoot valgus. However, the relationship between pre-operative radiographic severity of deformity and predilection for future surgical treatment failure remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to perform pre-operative radiographic measurements of patients with stage IIb PTTD and determine which preoperative radiographic parameters, if any, predict future surgical treatment failure. Methods: Following IRB approval, an institutional electronic medical record database was queried from January 2000-2014 to identify all patients undergoing surgical correction for stage IIb PTTD. 256 patients with stage IIb PTTD underwent medial displacement calcaneal osteotomy and flexor digitorum longus transfer, with possible spring ligament repair and/or Achilles lengthening. Patients undergoing concomitant lateral column lengthening or midfoot fusion, patients with previous hardware, and patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Preoperative radiographs were retrospectively analyzed to assess preoperative deformity. Talonavicular coverage angle was measured using AP radiographs. Lateral radiographs were used to measure talar-1st metatarsal angle (Meary’s) angle, calcaneal pitch and medial cuneiform-floor height. Patient charts were also reviewed to determine whether patients experienced treatment failure, defined as return to the operating room for unplanned revision surgery (e.g. broken/painful hardware, nonunion, residual deformity, infection, nerve damage, blood clot/DVT). The degree of pre-operative deformity was compared between treatment failure and non-failure groups. Results: Out of the 256 patient cohort, a total of 58 patients (22.7%) experienced treatment failure indicated by the need for an unplanned revision surgery, while 198 patients (77.3%) did not experience failure. There were no significant differences in the severity of pre-operative radiographic deformity between the treatment failure and non-failure groups including Meary’s angle (p = 0.93), calcaneal pitch (p = 0.70), talonavicular coverage angle (p = 0.99), and medial cuneiform height (p = 0.52, Table 1). Conclusion: The results of this study show that there is no significant difference in pre-operative radiographic deformity between patients who experienced failure versus non-failure following surgical flatfoot correction suggesting that the degree of pre- operative deformity is not significantly associated with an increased risk for future surgical failure. The analysis of these results, may underscore the relative importance of the physical exam in the evaluation of patients with symptomatic stage IIb PTTD and a relative lack of prognostic value in radiographic parameters commonly used to describe patients’ deformity. [Table: see text]
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Teixeira, Stéfane Valgas, Fernanda Camargo Nunes, Gleide Eunice Lavalle, Rúbia Monteiro de Castro Cunha, Paula Mayer Costa, and Rubens Antônio Carneiro. "Diferential Diagnosis between Esophageal Granuloma and Pulmonary Metastasis." Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 46 (January 5, 2018): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.85112.
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Background: Spirocercosis is a parasitic infection caused by Spirocerca lupi. This pathology affects canid carnivores, especially domestic dogs. Early diagnosis has been proven challenging and most infected animals are diagnosed when disease is in advanced stage. Exams such as computed tomography scans or radiographs can aid in disease confirmation.Radiographic exam frequently reveals the presence of a mass located in mediastinal region, which can be erroneously diagnosed as pulmonary mass. The aim of this study was to report the differential diagnosis between paraesophageal granuloma, possibly due to spirocercosis, and pulmonary metastasis in a dog with a history of neurofibrosarcoma.Case: A 8 year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 17.4 kg, was presented with anterior limb suspension and a recurrent nodule of 2.0 cm diameter, located on the main pad, with previous diagnosis of neurofibrosarcoma (malignant Schwannoma). Routine evaluation work-up included thoracic radiographs and abdominal ultrasound for clinical staging, electrocardiogram, complete blood count (CBC), coagulogram, renal and hepatic function tests, with results within the normal range for the species. The dog submitted to left anterior limb amputation due to recurrent neurofibrosarcoma in the carpal region. Histopathological exam confirmed recurrent neurofibrosarcoma without vascular invasion. Considering neoplasm biological behavior and clean surgical margins, only routine follow-up was established, with clinical exams. The dogwas presented to the Veterinary Hospital five months after surgical treatment and it was presented with fever, prostration, and history of vomiting. Radiographic exam showed a circumscribed mass in caudal mediastinal area. Computed tomography scan was performed to best evaluate the mass and the result was compatible with paraesophageal abscess. These findings were consistent with paraesophageal abscess with necrotic center caused by Spirocerca lupi; however, it was not possible to exclude the possibility of lymph node neoplasms, with necrotic center/secondary abscess. Coproparasitological test result was negative; however, considering the endemic aspect of spirocercosis, the dog was treated with Ivermectin was given orally, for 14 days, and complete remission was observed at the end of the treatment, without any significant side effects.Discussion: Spirocercosis has a worldwide dissemination, limited only by the presence of intermediate host. In endemic regions, prevalence in dogs may be 100%. Diagnosis may be challenging, especially in atypical cases and in patients with complications. Spirocercosis diagnosis may be achieved from therapeutic response in typical cases, with suggestiveradiographic and tomographic findings. Radiologic and tomographic findings in this case were similar to common spirocercosis findings. Follow up by a veterinary oncologist is of utmost importance; an unprepared veterinarian could indicate thoracotomy or even euthanasia. Even though coproparasitological exam was negative, the endemic aspect of spirocercosis in the area supported the decision for treatment and therapeutic diagnosis. Oncologic patients should be carefully evaluated,for not all pathologies they develop after a neoplasm diagnosis are related to cancer. Knowledge of disease biologic behavior is essential to make correct decisions regarding patient health status.Keywords: Spirocerca lupi, granulomas, neurofibrosarcoma.
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Hunter, Allison, Charles Pitts, Tyler Montgomery, et al. "Postoperative Aspirin Use and Its Effect on Bone Healing in the Treatment of Ankle Fractures." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (2019): 2473011419S0003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00036.
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Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: There is hesitancy to administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) within the postoperative period following fracture care due to concern for delayed union or nonunion. However, aspirin (ASA) is routinely used for chemoprophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and is gaining popularity for use after treatment of ankle fractures. We examine the incidence of nonunion of operative ankle fractures and risk of DVT in patients who did and did not receive postoperative ASA. We hypothesize that time to clinical and radiographic union and the risk of DVT are no different. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed on all patients treated between 2008 and 2018 for ankle fractures requiring operative fixation by three Foot and Ankle fellowship trained orthopaedic surgeons at a single institution with a minimum of 3 months follow up. Demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and postoperative medical and surgical complications were compared between patients who did and did not receive ASA postoperatively. For both groups, union was evaluated by clinical exam as well as by radiograph. Results: 506 patients met inclusion criteria: 152 received ASA and 354 did not. Radiographic healing at 6 weeks was demonstrated in 95.9% (94/98) and 98.6% (207/210) respectively (p-value .2134). There was no significant difference in time to radiographic union between groups. The risk of postoperative DVTs in those with and without ASA was not significantly different (0.7% (1/137) vs 1.2% (4/323), respectively; p-value .6305). Conclusion: Postoperative use of ASA does not delay radiographic union of operative ankle fractures or affect the rate of postoperative DVT. This is the first and largest study to examine the effect of ASA on time to union of ankle fractures.
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Mestriner, Soraya Fernandes, Luiz Carlos Pardini, and Wilson Júnior Mestriner. "Impact of the bitewing radiography exam inclusion on the prevalence of dental caries in 12-year-old students in the city of Franca, São Paulo, Brazil." Journal of Applied Oral Science 14, no. 3 (2006): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000300004.
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INTRODUCTION: The pattern of development of carious lesions has changed. The carious lesion has been progressive and reaches the dentin without showing alterations in the clinical aspects. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of caries in 12-year-old students in the city of Franca - São Paulo, Brazil, during the year of 2003, and to evaluate the additional value of bitewing radiograph to detect hidden carious lesions in permanent molar dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A probabilistic sample composed of two hundred and fifty six (256) students, from public and private schools, was submitted to a cross-sectional study through examination by a calibrated examiner, in order to detect the caries prevalence, using the methodology recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). For 66% of the sample, bitewing radiographs of the permanent molar region were obtained. The images were analyzed by a calibrated examiner, who established the presence of hidden caries in teeth with radiolucency in dentin, yet considered healthy in the epidemiological survey. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries in epidemiological exam without (WHO) and with (WHO/R) the inclusion of hidden caries lesion was 54% and 64%, and the DMFT index was 1.73 and 1.92 respectively. CONCLUSION: Utilization of the method of bitewing radiographic diagnosis significantly increased (p<0.001) the prevalence of caries in the studied population.
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Coughlin, Michael J., and Ari Kaz. "Correlation of Harris Mats, Physical Exam, Pictures, and Radiographic Measurements in Adult Flatfoot Deformity." Foot & Ankle International 30, no. 7 (2009): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3113/fai.2009.0604.
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Kobes, Kevin J., Annemarie Budau-Bymoen, Yogesh Thakur, and Charlotte J. Yong-Hing. "Multidisciplinary Development of Mobile Radiography Guidelines Reduced the Number of Inappropriate Mobile Exams in Patients Receiving Chest Radiographs in British Columbia." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 71, no. 1 (2020): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0846537119888357.
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Aim: To decrease the number of mobile chest radiograph requests for inpatients in British Columbia who are medically able to tolerate transport to the main department by introducing and implementing request criteria. Method: Concerns regarding inappropriate mobile exam requests in patients receiving chest radiography were surveyed at 28 medical imaging sites. In response, a multidisciplinary team composed a set of mobile radiography request guidelines incorporating feedback from all sites. These were successfully implemented along with in-person education to 21 sites. The number of adult annual mobile chest radiographs was tracked from 2014 to 2018, and informal feedback was obtained from participating sites. Results: The percentage of mobile chest radiographs of all chest radiographs performed between 2014 and 2018 decreased by 3.2%, while the total number of all chest radiographs performed during this time, including both departmental and mobile, increased by 1.9%. Sites reported positive engagement with the initiative and expressed need for ongoing education to optimize its effect. Conclusion: Implementation of request guidelines with in-person education helped to reduce inappropriate mobile exams in patients receiving chest radiographs in British Columbia between 2014 and 2018. These guidelines promote patient safety through reduced radiation exposure, empower radiographers to mitigate inappropriate requests, and help to optimize use of limited hospital resources by reducing inappropriate mobile exams where routine departmental exams are more suitable.
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Magro, Paola, Ilaria Izzo, Barbara Saccani, et al. "A strange case of Malaria in a Nigerian native boy." Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 9, no. 1 (2017): e2017023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2017.023.
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The protective role of SCT in malaria endemic areas has been proved and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, rarely associated with malaria. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal US for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, coproparasitologic exam were negative; endocarditis was excluded. He underwent further blood exams and abdomen MRI, confirming the presence of signal alterations areas, with radiographic appearance of recent post-infarction outcomes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a percentage of HbS of 40.6% and a diagnosis of SCT was made.Splenic infarction should be taken into account in patients with malaria and localized abdominal pain. Moreover, diagnosis of SCT should be considered.
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LUO, JIEBO, and ROBERT A. SENN. "AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF RADIATION FIELDS IN DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 13, no. 01 (1999): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001499000094.
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In computerized radiography (CR) imaging, collimation is frequently employed to shield body parts from unnecessary radiation exposure and minimize radiation scattering using X-ray opaque material. The radiation field is therefore the diagnostic region of interest which has been exposed directly to X-rays. We present an image analysis system for the recognition of the collimation, or equivalently, detection of the radiation field. The purpose is to (1) facilitate optimal tone scale enhancement, which can be driven only by the diagnostically useful part of the image data, and (2) minimize the viewing flare caused by the unexposed area. This system consists of three stages of operations: (1) pixel-level detection and classification of collimation boundary transition pixels; (2) line-level delineation of candidate collimation blades; and (3) region-level determination of the collimation configuration. This system has been reduced to practice and tested over 807 images of 11 exam types and a success rate in excess of 99% has been achieved for tone scale enhancement and masking. Due to the novel design of the system, its computational efficiency lends itself to online operations.
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Sedaghat, Ahmad R., David A. Kieff, Regan W. Bergmark, Mary E. Cunnane, and Nicolas Y. Busaba. "Radiographic evaluation of nasal septal deviation from computed tomography correlates poorly with physical exam findings." International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology 5, no. 3 (2014): 258–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alr.21445.
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Cotter, Jillian, Sonja Ziniel, Matthew Weber, Lilliam Ambroggio, and Sarah Parker. "Clinician Survey about Antibiotic Prescribing for Children without Definitive Radiographic Pneumonia." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 13, Supplement_3 (2024): S5—S6. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piae088.010.
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Abstract Corresponding Author: Jillian M. Cotter, MD, MSCS; Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hospital Medicine; Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine; 13123 E 16th Ave, Box B302, Aurora, CO 80045; jillian.cotter@childrenscolorado.org; 720-777-5241 Alternate Corresponding Author: Matthew J. Weber, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases; Children’s Hospital Colorado and University of Colorado School of Medicine; 13123 E 16th Ave, Box B055, Aurora, CO 80045; matthew.weber@childrenscolorado.org; 720-777-8811 Conflicts of interest/disclosures: Drs. Cotter and Ambroggio receive grant support from Pfizer Inc for a study unrelated to this manuscript. The authors have no other conflicts of interest or financial disclosures. Funding sources: This was funded by an internal Children’s Hospital of Colorado Clinical Effectiveness and Patient Safety grant. Background Antibiotics are commonly overused in pediatric community acquired pneumonia (CAP). While children without definitive evidence of pneumonia on chest radiograph (CXR) are less likely to have bacterial CAP, many still receive antibiotics. We aimed to 1) evaluate the proportion of patients treated for bacterial CAP who had non-radiographic CAP (i.e., no definitive radiographic evidence of pneumonia, including equivocal or non-focal CXRs), and 2) understand clinician certainty and factors that influenced the decision to prescribe antibiotics for children with non-radiographic CAP. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of children who were treated for CAP (i.e., received at least one antibiotic dose or prescription) and were discharged from the emergency department (ED) or hospitalized at four affiliated children’s hospitals from 5/2022-11/2022. Children were classified as radiographic CAP (e.g., “focal consolidation”, “pneumonia”) vs. non-radiographic CAP (e.g., equivocal CXR – “atelectasis vs pneumonia, likely atelectasis but cannot rule out pneumonia” or non-focal – “peribronchial thickening without focality, normal CXR, airway disease”) based on the radiology report. Electronic surveys, designed to understand near real-time decision making in non-radiographic CAP, were sent to ED and inpatient clinicians who treated children with non-radiographic CAP in the preceding 48 hours. Chi-squared, Fisher’s exact and Student t-tests compared findings between various subgroups. Results Of 874 patients treated for CAP, 30% had non-radiographic CAP (11% non-focal and 19% equivocal CXRs). Among children with non-radiographic CAP, 60% were &lt;5 years old, 56% hospitalized, and 86% received a full antibiotic course (Table 1). Receipt of a full antibiotic course did not differ between those with non-focal vs. equivocal CXRs (p&gt;0.05). Among 177 completed clinician surveys (53% response rate), 60% were very or mostly certain about the diagnosis. Factors that most influenced antibiotic prescribing in non-radiographic CAP were CXR results (including 47% of clinicians who treated non-focal CXRs), other diagnostics, and physical exam findings (Figure 1). For patients already started on antibiotics by prior clinicians, 93% felt this prior decision strongly or somewhat influenced their decision to continue therapy. Conclusion Nearly a third of children treated for bacterial CAP had non-radiographic CAP, and 1 in 10 had a non-focal CXR. Most went onto receive a full antibiotic course. This suggests that non-radiographic CAP is an important target for antibiotic stewardship. We identified potential barriers (e.g., clinician certainty) and facilitators of future interventions. Specifically, targeted education regarding CXR interpretation and strategies to address antibiotic momentum may help reduce antibiotic overuse. Table 1. Characteristics of Children Treated for Non-Radiographic CAP Figure 1. Factors Influencing Decision to Prescribe Antibiotics for Non-Radiographic CAP
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Johnson, Benjamin L., Savannah Cooper, Philip L. Wilson, William Morris, and Henry B. Ellis. "Sagittal Plane Mobility in Adolsents with Femoroacetabular Impingment." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 5_suppl2 (2022): 2325967121S0041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121s00417.
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Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a dynamic degradative condition of the hip joint characterized by classic physical exam findings in combination with abnormal radiographs and/or MRI. Although this abnormal morphologic relationship contributes to FAI, the role of physical therapy to mitigate symptoms by improving strength and mobility of the hip remains the first line treatment. Despite this common treatment algorithm, limited knowledge exists on the effects of sagittal balance, lumbopelvic mobility, and its role in the development of treatment for symptomatic FAI. Hypothesis/Purpose: To review lumbopelvic mobility from standing to sitting position in adolescent athletes who present with clinical signs of FAI. Methods: Pelvic radiographic measurements in the sagittal plane were performed on a retrospective series of consecutive patients who presented with clinical diagnosis of FAI at a pediatric sports medicine institution from April 2019-March 2021. Standardized EOS dynamic lateral pelvic images were performed in standing and sitting positions to evaluate the differences in sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence. Data from bi-positional radiographs were combined with standard measurements for FAI obtained on AP pelvis (lateral center edge angle, acetabular inclination) and 45 degree Dunn views (alpha angle), and patient reported outcomes (PROs) (mHHS, HOOS, UCLA). Differences in sacral slope from pre-treatment radiographs were used to determine comparison groups: those with a change vs. those with limited change between a sitting and standing position. Results: 76 adolescent patients (mean age 15.7 years [12-24]; 71.5% females) with sitting/standing lateral pelvis radiographs and a clinical diagnosis of FAI were identified. Between sitting and standing positions, there was no change in pelvic incidence, while significant differences were noted in sacral slopes and pelvic tilt (Table 1). Variability in sacral slope differences between sitting and standing were identified with 10 (13.9%) patients having minimal (<10o) change, while 8 (11.1%) demonstrated changes > 40o (Figure 1). Adolescent patients with FAI who demonstrated more mobility from sitting to standing position had a higher sacral slope in the standing position. No correlations were noted between pelvic incidence or sacral slope and radiographic measures associated with FAI, PROs or differences in those with variable changes in sacral slope from sitting to standing position. Conclusion: Lateral pelvic imaging may be an important tool for understanding dynamic hip impingement. In adolescent patients signs and symptoms with clinical FAI, significant variability exists in lumbopelvic mechanics, regardless of the severity of radiographic values. [Table: see text][Figure: see text]
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Berberi, Antoine. "Stafne’s Bone Defect Correlated with Submandibular Glands: A Case Report and CBCT and MRI Analysis." Case Reports in Dentistry 2024 (February 6, 2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/1173783.
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Stafne’s bone defect is a developmental anatomic bone defect in the lingual side of the mandible in the area of the mandibular angle that is filled with proliferation or translocation of adjacent structures such as salivary gland tissue. The etiology is still undefined, and two hypotheses are proposed: one is the glandular related to the submandibular or sublingual glands and the second is ischemic that affects the vascularization of the mandibular lingual. Usually, Stafne's bone defect is accidentally detected on panoramic radiographs during dental treatments as a well-limited radiolucency image with a clear peripheral regular condensation border, located below the mandibular canal. The differential diagnosis includes traumatic bone cyst, odontogenic and nonodontogenic cystic lesions, nonossifying fibroma, focal osteoporotic bone marrow defect, and other lesions. A case of Stafne’s bone defect on a 60-year-old male patient extending in the lingual posterior part of the mandibular region was presented. The panoramic radiograph revealed a well-limited radiolucency image with a clear peripheral regular condensation border, located below the mandibular canal. The lesion was discovered in a routine radiographic exam: the cone beam computed tomography gave us more details about the localization, the shape and size, and the relation with the mandibular canal, and the magnetic resonance imaging identifies the nature of the inside soft tissue. The final diagnosis was a Stafne’s bone defect resulting of a depression of the lingual cortical plate filled with expansion of the submandibular gland.
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Freitas, Claudio Froes, Thásia Luiz Dias Ferreira, and Jurandyr Panella. "Odontodisplasia – caso familiar raro." Revista de Odontologia da Universidade Cidade de São Paulo 23, no. 3 (2017): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.26843/ro_unicid.v23i3.388.
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Odontodysplasia is considered a rare dental development anomaly, which leads to enamel and dentin hypoplasia of the affected teeth, whose etiology is still uncertain and broadly discussed. At the clinical exam, the teeth with odontodysplasia are usually shorter than those of normality standards, with irregular crown shape and form, with hypoplastic, yellow or pigmented external surface. The radiographic aspect depends on the stage the anomalous tooth is x-rayed, given the different evolutional stages of the mineralization process; however, in general, there is a significant reduction in the radiopacity of all mineralized structures, with no distinction between enamel and dentin, with abnormally wide pulp chambers and, at times, unshapely. In this paper the authors present a case of three sisters with odontodysplasia and the main clinical and radiographic characteristics of this development anomaly, based on a literature review. The work at issue is of clinical relevance as it shows three odontodysplasia cases in the same family, suggesting genetic inheritance, which opposes to the researched papers.
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Wang, Yihong, James E. Kirby, and Qinfang Qian. "Effective use of JC virus PCR for diagnosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy." Journal of Medical Microbiology 58, no. 2 (2009): 253–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.004432-0.
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In a retrospective review of data from 168 patients with suspected progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) between 1996 and 2006, JC virus (JCV) PCR on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples was positive only in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients with low CD4 cell counts and in severely immunocompromised patients with radiographic lesions consistent with PML or infectious processes generally. Of note, one HIV patient with a very low CD4 cell count had a positive JCV PCR despite a normal magnetic resonance imaging exam. We concluded that JCV PCR testing on CSF specimens should therefore be targeted to these high-risk patients.
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Clawson, Andrew. "Postural Ventricular Tachycardia from Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Line Placed Using Tip Confirmation System." International Journal of Clinical Case Reports and Reviews 23, no. 3 (2025): 01–03. https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-4861/657.
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We report a striking and florid case and immediate emergency management of ‘postural’ ventricular tachycardia likely caused by the mis-confirmed tip of a peripherally inserted central cannula (PICC) placed via a Tip Confirmation System (TCS). Cardiac arrythmia is a known complication of PICC insertion, however the literature does not include a case of arrythmia where a TCS was utilized for insertion to our knowledge. This case highlights the importance of a thorough history and clinical exam in allowing for prompt diagnosis and treatment of arrythmias caused by PICCs – despite reassuring radiographic and TCS confirmation of tip placement.
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Mohan, Vamsi C., Winston R. Owens, Diego Quirarte, et al. "Surgical Planning of Ballistic Facial Injuries." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 39, no. 01 (2025): 043–48. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0045-1801880.
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AbstractBallistic facial injuries often cause widespread damage, distorting the native anatomy. Apart from initial resuscitative measures, these injuries require extensive employment of reconstructive techniques to restore the patient's form and function. As such, thoughtful data acquisition from both physical exam and radiographic studies optimizes surgical planning to achieve optimal patient outcomes. Specifically, virtual surgical planning has been shown to decrease intraoperative times and achieve enhanced functional and aesthetic outcomes when compared to traditional methods. The purpose of this chapter is to review surgical planning in the context of ballistic facial injuries, with a specific focus on virtual surgical planning.
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Ferreira, Ticiane De Góes Mário, José Mariano Da Rocha, Silvia Cardoso de David, et al. "Sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey using a satellite image program." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (May 16, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000834.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe the sampling strategy of an epidemiological survey with the aid of satellite images, including details of the multistage probability sampling process. METHODS: A probability sample of individuals living in the rural area of Rosário do Sul, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, aged 15 years old or more, was evaluated. Participants answered questionnaires (medical history, sociodemographic characteristics, habits, alcohol use, quality of life, stress, rumination, and self-perceived periodontal diseases), and were subjected to clinical oral examinations as well as anthropometric measurements (blood pressure, height, weight, abdominal and waist circumferences). Oral evaluation comprehended a complete periodontal exam at six sites per tooth, including the following assessments: furcation involvement; dental abrasion; tooth decay, including the indexing of missing and filled surfaces; O’Brien index; gingival abrasion; oral cavity and lip lesions; complete periapical radiographic exam, and use of prostheses. Besides this oral clinical approach, subgingival plaque, crevicular gingival fluid, saliva, and blood samples were collected. Examiners were trained and calibrated during previous evaluations. A pilot study allowed the logistic of the performed exams to be adjusted as needed. RESULTS: Among 1,087 eligible individuals, 688 were examined (63.3%). Age, sex, and skin color data were compared to data from the last demographic census (2010) of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which served to validate the sampling strategy. CONCLUSIONS: The careful methods used in this study, in which satellite images were used in the delimitation of epidemiological areas, ensure the quality of the estimates obtained and allow for these estimates to be used in oral health surveillance and health policies improvements.