Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radiographic film

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic film'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 23 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic film"

1

Rini Hatma Rusli, Ira Sandi Tunny, Maritje S. J. Malisngorar, Akhmadi Akhmadi, and Yohannes Hursepunny. "Perbandingan Kualitas Citra Radiograf Kepala Menggunakan Grid dan Tanpa Grid pada Computed Radiografi." Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia 2, no. 2 (2022): 244–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.55606/jikki.v2i2.4176.

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One factor that plays an important role in the quality of radiodiagnostic examination results is radiographic contrast. When examining thick objects, radiographic contrast will decrease as a result of the large amount of scattered radiation originating from the object and reaching the film. To obtain optimal radiographic contrast on thick objects such as the head, it can be done in various ways, including using a grid. The grid is a tool that functions to absorb scattered radiation but can still transmit primary radiation. Examination of the head is done to get the head radiograph and to determine any abnormalities or diseases of the head. This examination was performed using the grid and without grid to compare the better results of radiographs. Radiographs results were obtained using processing film, Computed Radiography (CR). This research used descriptive study conducted at Hospital Tk. II Pelamonia Makassar on January 2020. Based on the results of the research which conducted for examination of the head using grid and without grid on CR cassette obtained that the result of radiograph examination of the head using a grid was better.
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Rini Hatma Rusli, Ira Sandi Tunny, Maritje S. J. Malisngorar, Akhmadi Akhmadi, and Yohannes Hursepunny. "Perbandingan Kualitas Citra Radiograf Kepala Menggunakan Grid dan Tanpa Grid pada Computed Radiografi." Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 6, no. 1 (2022): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.57214/jusika.v6i1.524.

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One factor that plays an important role in the quality of radiodiagnostic examination results is radiographic contrast. When examining thick objects, radiographic contrast will decrease as a result of the large amount of scattered radiation originating from the object and reaching the film. To obtain optimal radiographic contrast on thick objects such as the head, it can be done in various ways, including using a grid. The grid is a tool that functions to absorb scattered radiation but can still transmit primary radiation. Examination of the head is done to get the head radiograph and to determine any abnormalities or diseases of the head. This examination was performed using the grid and without grid to compare the better results of radiographs. Radiographs results were obtained using processing film, Computed Radiography (CR). This research used descriptive study conducted at Hospital Tk. II Pelamonia Makassar on January 2020. Based on the results of the research which conducted for examination of the head using grid and without grid on CR cassette obtained that the result of radiograph examination of the head using a grid was better.
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Mattoon, J. S. "Digital radiography." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632988.

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SummaryDigital radiography has been used in human medical imaging since the 1980's with recent and rapid acceptance into the veterinary profession. Using advanced image capture and computer technology, radiographic images are viewed on a computer monitor. This is advantageous because radiographic images can be adjusted using dedicated computer software to maximize diagnostic image quality. Digital images can be accessed at computer workstations throughout the hospital, instantly retrieved from computer archives, and transmitted via the internet for consultation or case referral. Digital radiographic data can also be incorporated into a hospital information system, making record keeping an entirely paperless process. Digital image acquisition is faster when compared to conventional screen-film radiography, improving workflow and patient throughput. Digital radiography greatly reduces the need for “retake” radiographs because of wide latitude in exposure factors. Also eliminated are costs associated with radiographic film and x-ray film development. Computed radiography, charged coupled devices, and flat panel detectors are types of digital radiography systems currently available.
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Utami, Lucky Restyanti Wahyu. "Edukasi Processing Film Radiografi Manual Pada Mahasiswa Baru Program Studi Radiologi." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Sains dan Teknologi 3, no. 4 (2024): 148–53. https://doi.org/10.58169/jpmsaintek.v3i4.655.

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Radiographic film processing is divided into conventional and digital. Conventional radiography film processing uses manual and automatic while digital radiography film processing uses computed radiography and digital radiography. Conventional radiographic film processing is carried out in a special room called a darkroom. As time goes by, Radiology Installations in various health services are starting to abandon conventional radiographic film processing and switch to digital. However, as a basic knowledge, radiology students must still know conventional radiographic film processing in order to know the development process of radiographic film processing. The aim of the education carried out for new students at the Widya Husada University Semarang Radiology Study Program is to increase knowledge of manual radiographic film processing and increase knowledge of the steps for using manual radiographic film processing. This educational activity is carried out using lecture and practical methods. Based on educational activities carried out for new students of the Radiology Study Program, the results showed that there was an increase in knowledge regarding manual radiographic film processing by 100% and there was an increase in knowledge regarding the steps for using manual radiography film processing by 97.8%.
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Silva, Paula Verona Ragusa da, Renan Roberto da Costa, Mariliani Chicarelli da Silva, Lilian Cristina Vessoni Iwaki, and Wilton Mitsunari Takeshita. "Digital evaluation of the influence of interruption of the fixation process on radiographic contrast and base-plus-fog density in three commercial brands of radiographic films." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 43, no. 1 (2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1807-25772014000100007.

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INTRODUCTION : With the interest in anticipating access to the result of intraoral radiography, the radiographic processing is frequently neglected, compromising image quality. OBJECTIVE : The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of interrupting the fixation process on the radiographic contrast and base-plus-fog density (BPFD) in three brands of periapical films. MATERIAL AND METHOD : Ninety radiographs were taken of an aluminum stepwedge and a lead plate for each brand, and they were divided according to the time of initial immersion in the fixative in: control group (without interrupting the fixing), 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 seconds. During processing, films had the fixing stage stopped and were exposed to a negatoscope for 1 minute, then the fixation time of 10 minutes was completed. The radiographs were digitized and exported to Image Tool 3.0.software. RESULT : Kodak(r) film showed no statistically significant differences between groups, while Agfa(r) film presented difference in BPFD compared with Group 5 seconds, and Dentix(r) film showed statistical difference in all groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION : Under the conditions studied, Kodak(r) film is not influenced by disruption of fixation as regards BPFD and image contrast, enabling early access to the results of radiographs, whereas Agfa(r) film requires at least 10 seconds of initial fixation, and Dentix(r) film obtains better results when the process of fixation is not interrupted.
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Adewumi Isaac Popoola and Ibukun Ayodeji Olumodeji. "Design and construction of a radiographic film dryer." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (2022): 352–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.15.2.0798.

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Radiographs are vital in hospital diagnostic processes. After a radiograph is processed from the developer, it must be dried before it can be interpreted by the radiologist. Two methods are basically available for radiograph drying – open sun drying and oven drying. Despite variability in weather conditions which can hamper effective radiograph drying, most diagnostic centers still rely on the open sun drying method due to the unavailability of radiograph dryer. This project presents the design and construction of a radiographic film dryer that is cost effective, user friendly and serviceable using local technology. The dryer is composed of a heater, a blower, an extractor and a drying cabin that is capable of containing 25 detachable film hangers (49.5 cm) placed into two rails (37 cm) at both sides. Good quality of dried radiographs were obtained when chamber heating/air evacuation were done at 5 minutes time interval. 25 radiographs of two major sizes; 18 cm × 24 cm (smallest) and 35 cm × 43 cm (largest) were dried approximately 5 and 10 minutes respectively at maximum temperature of 55 0C. The drying process was both temperature and time controlled as moisture content was removed from the processed films in real time for quick diagnostic processes.
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Adewumi, Isaac Popoola, and Ayodeji Olumodeji Ibukun. "Design and construction of a radiographic film dryer." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 15, no. 2 (2022): 352–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7756578.

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Radiographs are vital in hospital diagnostic processes. After a radiograph is processed from the developer, it must be dried before it can be interpreted by the radiologist. Two methods are basically available for radiograph drying &ndash; open sun drying and oven drying. Despite variability in weather conditions which can hamper effective radiograph drying, most diagnostic centers still rely on the open sun drying method due to the unavailability of radiograph dryer. This project presents the design and construction of a radiographic film dryer that is cost effective, user friendly and serviceable using local technology. The dryer is composed of a heater, a blower, an extractor and a drying cabin that is capable of containing 25 detachable film hangers (49.5 cm) placed into two rails (37 cm) at both sides. Good quality of dried radiographs were obtained when chamber heating/air evacuation were done at 5 minutes time interval. 25 radiographs of two major sizes; 18 cm &times; 24 cm (smallest) and 35 cm &times; 43 cm (largest) were dried approximately 5 and 10 minutes respectively at maximum temperature of 55&nbsp;<sup>0</sup>C. The drying process was both temperature and time controlled as moisture content was removed from the processed films in real time for quick diagnostic processes.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.

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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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Rusydiana, Dina, and Dona Doni Setyawan. "Investigation of Extraoral Dental Radiography Examination Rejections at a Dental and Oral Hospital in Semarang, Indonesia." MASHIJO : Medical Science and Hospital Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mashijo.v2i1.1.

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Background : Extraoral radiography techniques, such as panoramic radiography and cephalometric radiography, are used to obtain an overall view of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding tissues. However, there are instances where radiographic images are rejected or marked as inadequate based on the required quality standards. Reject analysis is a method of evaluation that involves analyzing rejected dental radiographic images. This research will identify the most common factors contributing to image rejection and provide recommendations for improving the quality of dental radiographic images Methode : The type of scientific study in this research is quantitative and descriptive. The research was conducted at the Radiodiagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Muhammadiyah University of Semarang. The total sample size taken was 301 extraoral radiographic films. The research data were obtained through a retrospective survey approach and observation method. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2021 application. Result : The primary factors contributing to film rejection are patient movement (50%), patient positioning (25%), and device settings (25%). Film rejection for extraoral radiographic examinations consisted of 2 films in Panoramic examinations, accounting for 50%, and 2 films in Cephalometric examinations, also accounting for 50% Conclusion : The film rejection ratio for extraoral dental radiography examinations conducted at the Radiodiagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, remained below the normal limit value of 1.29%.
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Haus, A.G., and J.E. Cullinan. "Screen film processing systems for medical radiography: a historical review." Radiographics 9, no. 6 (1989): 1203–24. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.9.6.2685941.

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Since Roentgen first experimented with radiation to produce a radiographic image, many milestones have been reached in the design and manufacture of intensifying screens, medical x-ray films, film processors and chemicals. As a result, high-quality medical radiographs are obtainable today at very low radiation dose. This progress is the result of major contributions and the collaborative efforts of many individuals in industries, universities, and medical institutions involved in basic research, development and manufacturing. This article highlights some of the major advances in the evolution of screen-film-processor chemical systems for medical radiography. Photographs, radiographs, and scientific data are included which illustrate some of the major achievements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic film"

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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.

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Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Ley, Paul J. "An in-vitro comparison of working length determination between a digital system and conventional film when source-film/sensor distance and exposure time are modified." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1928.

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Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Aug. 11, 2009) Advisors: Mychel Vail, Chair of the Research Committee, Susan Zunt, Ted Parks, Kenneth Sponik, Joseph Legan. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 103-119).
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Colclough, Tony. "A system for the digitisation and enhancement of industrial radiographic film images." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342819.

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Hadley, David Lloyd. "A Comparison of five radiographic systems to D-speed film in the detection of artificial bone lesions." VCU Scholars Compass, 2008. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1273.

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The purpose of this study was to compare three direct digital sensors (Kodak 6100, Schick CDR, and Dexis PerfectSize), a phosphor plate system (OpTime), and F-speed film to standard D-speed film in the detection of artificial bone lesions prepared in mandible bone sections. Multiple artificial bone lesions were prepared at varying depths in the cortical bone. Specimens were imaged with six different radiographic systems. Radiographs were randomly presented to nine different observers. A logistic regression analysis indicated that the ability of the different radiographic systems to detect the bone lesions was significantly different at the mean percentage of cortical bone remaining. The Kodak filtered, Schick filtered, OpTime unfiltered, Schick unfiltered, and Dexis filtered images were significantly better at lesion detection compared to D-speed film. Also, all filtered digital images were significantly better at lesion detection than D-speed film.
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Christensen, Shane R. "An in vitro comparison of working length accuracy between a digital system and conventional film when vertical angulation of the object is variable." Connect to resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/1926.

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Thesis (M.S.D.)--Indiana University School of Dentistry, 2009.<br>Title from PDF t. p. (viewed Aug. 21, 2009) Advisor(s): Mychel Vail, Acting Chair of the Research Committee, Joseph Legan, Kenneth Spolnik, Susan L. Zunt, Edwin Parks. Curriculum vitae. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-120).
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Weatherburn, Gwyneth Christine. "The effect of the introduction of picture archive and communication systems (PACS) on patient radiation doses and patient management." Thesis, Brunel University, 2000. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4975.

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This thesis considers the effects of Picture Archive and Communications Systems (PACS), on both patient radiation doses and patient management. PACS is a relatively new technology which acquires, transmits, and stores radiological images digitally. This thesis investigates the doses which are required to produce radiographic images which are acceptable to radiologists and referring clinicians, and compares these doses with those required for the film/screen systems which they are replacing. A review of the literature shows that despite claims of dose reductions, very little good evidence exists about dose changes with the introduction of PACS. A comparison of images of test objects indicates that the images are comparable under limited conditions, that PACS has a much wider latitude than film (>250 mAs), and that contrast detail improves with increase in exposure. Two original observational studies are described in which PACS and film doses are compared for examinations of two groups of adult patients. The results indicate that the doses for PACS equate to those used with a 300 speed film/screen system thus necessitating dose increases of around 30% for the majority of adult patients in the UK. The issue of whether the number of images which are repeated, with additional patient doses, due to unsatisfactory images (rejected images), or unavailability of the images when clinically required (lost images), is addressed and indicates that PACS may allow a dose saving of 1.1 % and 1.4% respectively. The overall result of these studies indicates that the widespread introduction of PACS is likely to increase population doses. Two original studies which consider patients within the Accident and Emergency department are described. These studies aim to produce evidence to justify the introduction of the new technology, despite higher radiation doses, by identifying improvements in patient management which might improve patient outcomes. The results of these studies provide little evidence of such benefits to patients. This thesis concludes that the use of current PAC systems produces an increase in the radiation dose to the adult population in the UK, without demonstrable improvements in patient management.
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Varoli, Felipe Paes. ""Estudo comaparativo das densidades radiográficas de diferentes filmes periapicais obtidas por meio da análise computadorizada em valores de alumínio-equivalente"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-30082004-143643/.

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RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi obter as densidades radiográficas de diferentes filmes periapicais por meio de um programa computadorizado que utiliza a imagem equivalente em alumínio (alumínio-equivalente). Avaliaram-se os filmes Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort”, Kodak InSight, Kodak Ektaspeed Plus, Kodak Ultra-speed e Kodak D. Todos foram expostos aos raios X juntamente com um escalímetro de Alumínio, variando-se o tempo de exposição (0,1 a 1 segundo). Após a leitura das densidades radiográficas construiu-se um gráfico para compararmos as propriedades sensitométricas dos filmes. O filmes mais sensíveis foram o Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” e o Kodak InSight, e os menos sensíveis o Kodak Ultra-speed e o Kodak D. Os filmes Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” e Kodak InSight apresentaram os maiores contrastes. Os resultados obtidos por este método indicam que deve-se utilizar os filmes Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” e Kodak InSight para reduzir a dose de radiação recebida pelo paciente.<br>ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain radiographic densities from different dental intraoral x-ray films through a software using aluminium-equivalent image. The densities had been measured in order to compare dental x-ray films in terms of speed, base plus fog, and contrast. Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort”, Kodak InSight, Kodak Ektaspeed Plus, Kodak Ultra-speed and Kodak D-speed films were evaluated. All films were exposed together with aluminium wedge, at times ranging from 0,1-1 second. By plotting a graphic of density against exposure, sensitometric properties were compared. Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” and Kodak InSight films obtained the highest film speed; Kodak Ultra-speed and Kodak D-speed films exhibited the lowest sensitivity. Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” and Kodak InSight films had presented valuesm to contrast superior to other films. Therefore, Agfa Dentus M2 “Comfort” and Kodak InSight films must be recommended to minimize the radiation dose to the patient.
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Jorgenson, Todd F. "Comparison of two imaging modalities : F-speed film and digital images for detection of osseous defects in patients with vertical bone defects /." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2003.

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Polinsky, Adam S. "Evaluation and Comparison of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films and Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5767.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment. Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. McNemar’s chi-squared test was used to determine agreement in the proportion of lesions that were absent (0x0) between the PA and corresponding view of CBCT. This data was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predicative value (NPV). Results: A total of 51 patients with a median healing time of 13 months were included in the analysis. Significant healing was observed on both PA and CBCT images (p-value Conclusion: Assessment using CBCT revealed a lower healing rate for all treatment categories compared with periapical radiographs. CBCT was more likely to detect the presence of a PARL, whereas a periapical radiograph would be less sensitive to detection of a PARL. Significant healing cannot be detected at an earlier point in time with PA radiographs or CBCT.
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Books on the topic "Radiographic film"

1

Domanus, J. C. Recording Radiographic Images On Nitrocellulose Film In Neutron Radiography Of Nuclear Reactor Fuel. Riso National Laboratory, 1987.

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Domanus, J. C. Sensitometric properties and image quality of radiographic film and paper. Riso National Laboratory, 1985.

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Kunio, Doi, Center for Devices and Radiological Health (U.S.), WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization of Protection Against Nonionizing Radiations, WHO Collaborating Center for Training and General Tasks in Radiation Medicine, WHO Collaborating Center for Nuclear Medicine, and United States. Public Health Service, eds. MTF's and Wiener spectra of radiographic screen-film systems, volume II: Including speeds of screens, films, and screen-film systems. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, 1986.

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Lundeen, Robert Curtis. A Comparison of two conventional intraoral films and three screen/film systems for the radiographic detection of proximal surface dental caries. Lundeen], 1986.

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Reed, James Croft. Chest radiology: Plain film patterns and differential diagnoses. 6th ed. Mosby Elsevier, 2011.

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Association, International Imaging Industry, and National Association of Photographic Manufacturers, Inc., eds. American National Standard for photography (processing): Roll and dental films : requirements for film clips and hangers. American National Standards Institute, 2002.

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1942-, Bassett Lawrence W., ed. Film-screen mammography: An atlas of instructional cases. Raven Press, 1991.

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Swensen, Stephen J. Radiology of thoracic diseases: A teaching file. Mosby Year Book, 1993.

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Launders, J. H. Evaluation of the imaging performance of 3M asymmetric radiography film screen Chest system. Department of Health, Medical Devices Agency, 1996.

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Helene, Pavlov, ed. Orthopaedist's guide to plain film imaging. Thieme, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radiographic film"

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Huddleston, Alan L. "Radiographic Film Methods." In Quantitative Methods in Bone Densitometry. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1725-8_2.

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Sumita, Mitsugu, Suguru Ueda, Kazuro Iwata, and Nobuo Hamada. "Application of Fractal Theory to Radiographic Screen-film Graininess." In Science on Form. Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3757-4_7.

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Vogel, Robert A., Michael T. Lefree, and G. B. John Mancini. "Comparison of 35 mm Cine Film and Digital Radiographic Image Imaging for Quantitative Coronary Arteriography." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1331-8_15.

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Kairn, Tanya, Holly Stephens, Scott Crowe, and Samuel Peet. "Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters as an Alternative to Radiographic Film for Performing “Head-Wrap” Linac Leakage Measurements." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9023-3_101.

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Ng, Kwan Hoong, Jeannie Hsiu Ding Wong, and Geoffrey D. Clarke. "Screen Film Radiography." In Problems and Solutions in Medical Physics. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351006781-3.

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Vaidya, Paresh R. "Radiographic Films and Screens." In Guidebook for Radiography. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8038-3_4.

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Bhagabati, Dipankar, Rangaraj Bhattacharjee, Biswajit Nath, Kalyanjit Dutta Baruah, and B. K. Duara. "A Theoretical Review to Analyze the Response Between the Radiographic Film and the Living Tissue in Terms of Energy Absorption." In Springer Proceedings in Physics. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5141-0_2.

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Harms, A. A., and G. Shani. "Effect of Film Exposure on Fuel Pin Dimensional Measurements." In Neutron Radiography. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_82.

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Domanus, J. C., and J. W. F. Markgraf. "Processing of Films." In Practical Neutron Radiography. Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1296-1_13.

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Vaidya, Paresh R. "Interpretation of Films." In Guidebook for Radiography. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8038-3_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radiographic film"

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Yang, Bo, Haobo Yan, Hongquan Jiang, et al. "Digital Image Quality Assessment Technology for Weld Radiographic Film Based on ROI Multi-Indicator Fusion." In 2024 IEEE 7th Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itnec60942.2024.10733054.

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Yu, Zhibin, Lei R. Cao, and Ibrahim Oksuz. "Mechanically robust and flexible scintillation thin films for neutron radiography and multiplicity counting." In Hard X-Ray, Gamma-Ray, and Neutron Detector Physics XXVI, edited by Nerine J. Cherepy, Michael Fiederle, and Ralph B. James. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3021930.

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Pawel, S. J., A. W. Willoughby, H. F. Longmire, and P. M. Singh. "An Experience with Detection and Assessment of SAC in a Recovery Boiler." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04517.

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Abstract Stress-assisted corrosion (SAC) was observed on the waterside of mild steel recovery boiler tubes only at locations exhibiting the combination of a substantial external attachment weld and a significant internal oxide accumulation compared to the nominal Fe3O4 film. Penetrations of up to 30% of the tube wall thickness were observed metallographically, and the penetrations were invariably transgranular with bulbous features, rounded tips, and filled with a relatively dense oxide comprised of alternating layers of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4. Microprobe analysis also revealed the presence of trace quantities (0.1 – 1 at.%) of Cu, Cl, P, and S in the oxide, indicating at least one source of contamination in the boiler feed water. Nondestructive testing, which included two ultrasonic techniques, radiography, and visual inspection with a borescope, was not particularly successful for detecting SAC.
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Tobiassen, Per, and Åge Engen Pedersen. "Experience Feedback on the Use of a Carbon Steel Subsea Pipeline for a High Pressure, Sweet Service Gas Field." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04119.

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Abstract The subsea gas field, Lille-Frigg, located in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, was in production from 1994 to 1999. Due to high wellhead pressure and temperature of about 500 bar and 105 °C, and a CO2 content of 2.4% the field was highly corrosive. The production fluid was evacuated in a carbon steel pipeline to the Frigg Field for further processing. In order to protect the pipeline against internal corrosion, injection of a pH stabilizer mixed with glycol was implemented. Formation water arrived early in the production lifetime and a switch from pH stabilizer to a classical, film forming corrosion inhibitor was deemed necessary as pH stabilization is not compatible with formation water. A subsea carbon steel/duplex stainless steel weld in the pipeline system was inspected by radiography during operation. In addition to this the carbon steel pipeline was inspected by means of an ultrasonic inspection pig. No corrosion was detected during any of the inspection campaigns. However, an investigation of the retrieved pipe after production shut-in showed preferential corrosion of the girth weld between carbon and duplex steel. The paper describes the qualifications made prior to production start-up, the operational experience and inspection results of removed parts after decommissioning.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29702.

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Digital radiography is getting one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries now. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components radiographic testing, one big issue is how we can evaluate and ensure that the taken images have enough image qualities to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that taken films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. So in this paper, new alternative IQI that developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality are tested and evaluated. In addition, image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images taken with the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Poland, Richard W., David M. Immel, and Boyd D. Howard. "Digital Radiography vs Conventional Radiography: Is Digital Radiography in Compliance With the Code?" In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1627.

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Savannah River Technology Center filmless radiographic imaging system specialists have been “champions” of filmless radiographic imaging at the Savannah River Site since 1993. Recently a study was done comparing the differences between conventional film radiography and lens-coupled, charge-coupled-device digital radiography. Characteristics of both imaging methods that were considered in the study included resolution, latitude (called dynamic range by digital radiography imaging specialists), and modulation transfer functions. The results of those comparative experiments will be presented. A description of the lens-coupled, digital radiography imaging system will be provided.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "New IQI for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26188.

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Radiographic Test (RT) has been widely used in industries to detect inner defects of welded structures or any other significant components. Especially in the nuclear industry, film radiography is the dominant and standardized procedure in performing radiographic testing. Lately emphasis is on digital radiography. One of the most serious concerns for digitization is the lack of image resolution standardizing device like resolution gauge which would determine imaging parameters such as modular transfer function (MTF). This paper proposes line pair type image quality indicator (IQI) corresponding to the current IQIs for both hole and wire type. The advantage of this IQI is to enable easier calibration of testing conditions and quantification of digital RT image quality with required MTF that should be clearly defined in the examination procedures. Furthermore, to acquire “resolution-ensured” digital image of existing RT films, we developed line pair type standardization film. Prototypes of line pair type IQI and line pair type standardization film are currently in the validation study and trial implementing process. These results are also reported in this paper.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25264.

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Digital radiography is becoming one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components, one big issue is how to evaluate the images and ensure that the images have enough quality to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that the films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. In this paper, new alternative IQI that was developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality is tested and evaluated. In addition, new image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images of the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Mori, Masako, Tetsuo Taguchi, Mikio Takagi, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Acquisition Method for Film Based Radiographic Testing." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2831.

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Radiographic Test (RT) has been widely used in various industries to detect inner defects of weld structures and other significant components. In terms of digitization, although the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V provides general outlines of digital image acquisition and processing of RT film, it is not widely implemented in industries as medical radiography instruments. One major reason for not being able to drive RT film digitization is that they cannot quantitatively guarantee each RT film and its digital image resolution directly. To solve these bottlenecks, the present paper proposes two things: 1) Line pair type penetrameter corresponding to current image quality indicators (IQIs) for both hole and wire type, which enables us to not only easily guarantee radiographic testing film resolution but also quantify digitalized RT film image resolution [1]; and 2) Line pair type standard film which is used for digitizing “existing RT film” with commonly used imaging scanners. Prototypes of line pair type penetrameters have been developed and prepared for various materials and verified for its applicability to RT digitalization. Also, prototypes of standard film are manufactured and verified that used with scanners, we can get RT film images of which resolution are quantitatively guaranteed. These two new RT film digitizing methodologies enable us to get “resolution guaranteed film images” and “digital inspection.” Furthermore, this will contribute to “remote inspection” where manufacturers, inspectors, customers and government inspectors can share the results of inspection in electronic format and timely confirm them from a remote place.
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Ao, Zhijun, Leon Li, and Zunfa Wei. "A Study on a Multiple Film Technique Utilized in Radiographic Examination for Steel Castings With Complicated Geometry." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3738.

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Castings on transit railcars often have complicated geometry. Varying thicknesses and limited space for shooting are difficult for radiographic testing of such castings. To reach the high-quality requirements of the density, accuracy, contrast, and sharpness of the films, a series of experiment were performed on one casting with complicated geometry to compare different results from different shooting methodologies. Films with different ISO speeds are suitable for different wall thickness while their detection ranges overlap with each other. By adopting multiple film techniques, radiographic quality is enhanced when inspecting complicated castings geometries. The utilization of lead intensifying screen contributes to improve the image quality of the radiograph, so that the absorption of different sections is equalized and the prescribed quality level and density requirements are met. Latitude of film is improved by selecting appropriate voltage. Source-to-film distance is increased in order to minimize geometric unsharpness and ensure overall uniformity. Lead foil screens are utilized as a filter in front of films to absorb scattered radiation. In addition, back scatter radiation is reduced by placing lead plates behind the cassette. Large focal spot size is adopted. Short time of exposure is preferentially selected for the purpose of reducing the active time of scattered radiation. Moreover, the selection of other associated processing parameters helps to lessen the adverse effects caused by complicated casting geometries. The results of these experiments show that the quantities of films and inspection cost can be reduced, efficiency of inspection can be improved; missing detection in complicated areas can be effectively avoided; the detection capability is increased and reliability of inspection results is ensured. In conclusion, the multiple film technique is a satisfactory methodology for radiographic testing of steel castings with complicated geometry.
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Reports on the topic "Radiographic film"

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Light. L51572 Demonstration of Realtime Radiography on Pipeline Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011315.

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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive testing (NDT) method used for many years to either accept or reject a field weld in the pipeline industry. However, conventional radiography requires the expense of film, developing chemicals, and manpower for film development. It also normally has a delay of 2 hours or more between when the weld was radiographed and when the radiographic film of the weld is available for interpretation. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing, called real-time radiography, has been used in several different types of field inspection operations. The real-time radiography system forms the image with optical imaging in lieu of photographic film. The objectives of this project were to (1) Integrate various optimized real-time radiographic components (identified as a result of the previous project) into a field-usable, real-time-radiographic inspection (RTRI) system for single-wall inspection of pipeline girth welds and (2) Demonstrate the system in the field.
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Tucker. L51728 Feasibility of a Pipeline Field Weld Real-Time Radiography (Radioscopy) Inspection System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010117.

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Inspection of pipeline field girth welds during pipeline construction is accomplished by film radiographic: methods. Film radiography of materials is a 70 year old technology. There have been many advances in that 70 year history in equipment and films, but the process of making the radiograph is essentially the same. The film radiography process is time-consuming, costly, environmentally impacting and very operator (inspector) dependent. There are recent and almost daily advances in technologies using x-ray imaging other than film. Double-jointed pipe welds at pipe mills and at double-joint operations have been inspected with stationary real-time radioscopic systems for many years. This electronic imaging technology, known as "�radioscopy"�, has the potential to significantly improve pipeline project schedules and cost by eliminating some of the shortcomings of film radiography. Radioscopy is currently accepted for use by many nationally accepted standards including API-SL, Specification for Line Pipe, and API-1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Most of the real-time systems in use today are fixed installations in pipe mills, foundries or fabrication shops. The ability to produce the required image sensitivity with real-time has been established by these fixed installations. These systems have proven to be very cost effective. In the course of conducting this study, QCC attended several conferences, including the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Conference in Boston, contacted several hundred potential vendors of radioscopic and radiographic equipment, witnessed demonstrations on existing radioscopic imaging systems and conducted several breadboard system demonstrations. The enclosed exhibit section contains a list of vendors that have products applicable to a radioscopic system.
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Light. L51504 Investigation of Real-Time Radiographic Methods for Use in Pipeline Weld Inspection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010599.

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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive examination (NDT) method used for many years to either "accept" or "reject" a field weld in the pipeline industry. The cost of conventional radiography, however, increasingly has become a major concern in the cost effectiveness of laying new pipelines. The contributing factors to the high cost of conventional radiography are the costs of film and of the chemicals and manpower used to develop the film. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing has been perfected. Called "real-time radiography," it uses radiographic sources with an optical imaging system. It has been developed now to the point that the sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of these imaging systems can be used to detect variations in material density equivalent to defects of interest in pipeline welds. The first objective of Phase 1 was to investigate existing real-time radiographic systems and system components in terms of their application to inspection of field-produced girth welds in steel pipelines. The second objective was to recommend a real-time system (either existing as a whole unit or comprised of several key subsystems) to be used for a field demonstration during Phase 2 of the program. The incentive, or goal, for this two-phase program is to introduce real-time radiography to the pipeline industry as a faster and overall more cost effective alternative NDE method compared to conventional film radiography. In addition, real-time radiography would provide a means to interpret the condition of a weld soon after completion while the welding team is still in the near vicinity of the inspected weld. This would permit immediate repair, if necessary, which would greatly reduce cost.
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Devine, G., D. Dobie, J. Fugina, et al. Quantitative film radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6106663.

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Miller, A. C. ,. Jr, J. L. Cochran, and V. E. Lamberti. Monte Carlo Modeling of High-Energy Film Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/811899.

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Doebling, Scott, and Alee Ali. Weapons Active Repository for Radiographs and Film (WARF). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1833243.

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