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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiographic images'
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Ekayultania, Vivin Nadine, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Panoramic and periapical radiographs utilization in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): narrative review." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 3 (2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i3.714.
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Objectives: The purpose of this narrative review is to discover radiographic images in panoramic and periapical radiographs that are used as identifiers and to compare the use of panoramic and periapical radiographs in identification based on DVI.
 Review: The databases used in this narrative review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1258 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic, then results are selected again based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 38 literatures were reviewed. This review shows radiographic identifiers used in panoramic radiographs are tooth restorations, crown, Root Canal Treatment (RCT), dental bridge, dental implants, maxillary sinus, rectilinear metal plate, orthodontic brackets, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. The radiographic identifiers used in periapical radiograph are tooth restorations, PSA, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. In this review, 53.8% of the literatures used panoramic radiograph for identification, whereas 46.2% used periapical radiograph.
 Conclusion: This review concluded that the most used radiographic identifier in panoramic radiograph is tooth restoration (57,1%) whereas in periapical radiograph is RCT (83,3%). Panoramic radiography were used in 53,8% of the literatures in this review, it was used more than periapical radiography.
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Maghbuli, Hossein, Tahmine Razi, Elham Banakar, Parya Emamverdizade, and Sedighe Razi. "Positioning Errors in Panoramic Images Based on the Dentition Type of Patients Referring to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Tabriz Dental School During 2017-2018." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 15, no. 2 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2023.535.
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Background: Panoramic imaging is a technique to create images of facial structures. Various factors affect the preparation of a high quality and proper panoramic image, such as the patient’s proper position. The aim of this study was to investigate positional errors in panoramic images based on the dentition type of patients referring to oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Tabriz Dental School Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Radiology Department of Tabriz Dental School in 2017-18. Dentition of patients (primary, mixed, permanent, complete edentulous) was determined by radiography. 410 radiography per group (1640 samples) were selected from the archives of Radiology Department by simple random sampling method. one radiologist evaluated all the images in the same condition and in a semi-dark room, in a 21-inch DELL monitor, regarding the presence of each of the positioning errors. Radiographs that were repeated due to positioning errors and poor diagnostic quality were classified as unacceptable radiographic images. Results: In primary, mixed, permanent and edentulous dentitions, not attaching the tongue to the palate were the most errors in the radiographies, with 50.4%, 65.6%, 64.3% and 64.8%, respectively. The presence of 2 errors (563 radiographies, 34.3%) had the highest frequency. 123 radiographies (7.5%) were free of errors. Primary dentition with 95 radiographies (23.2%) had the highest unacceptable radiographies, and edentulous dentition with 29 radiographies (7.1%) had the lowest unacceptable radiographies. Chi-square test indicated that this finding was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusions: Positioning error has high prevalence in radiographic images, the most common of which is not attaching the tongue to the palate during radiography. In the primary dentition period, the number of acceptable radiographs was lower than the other periods.
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Mattoon, J. S. "Digital radiography." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632988.
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SummaryDigital radiography has been used in human medical imaging since the 1980's with recent and rapid acceptance into the veterinary profession. Using advanced image capture and computer technology, radiographic images are viewed on a computer monitor. This is advantageous because radiographic images can be adjusted using dedicated computer software to maximize diagnostic image quality. Digital images can be accessed at computer workstations throughout the hospital, instantly retrieved from computer archives, and transmitted via the internet for consultation or case referral. Digital radiographic data can also be incorporated into a hospital information system, making record keeping an entirely paperless process. Digital image acquisition is faster when compared to conventional screen-film radiography, improving workflow and patient throughput. Digital radiography greatly reduces the need for “retake” radiographs because of wide latitude in exposure factors. Also eliminated are costs associated with radiographic film and x-ray film development. Computed radiography, charged coupled devices, and flat panel detectors are types of digital radiography systems currently available.
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Yunita Yunita and Ayu Mahani. "Studi Kasus Repeat (Pengulangan) Radiograf dengan Modalitas Digital Radiography (DR) di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 4, no. 2 (2025): 227–41. https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v4i2.3929.
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Repeat analysis is a systematic method for analyzing radiographic images repeatedly to identify and reduce errors in digital processing. This method is part of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program which aims to ensure optimal quality radiographic results. According to the Decree of the Minister of Health Number 129/Menkes/SK/II/2008 concerning the standard for repeat radiographic images <2%. This study aims to determine the factors that cause repeat photos and how to prevent repeat photos at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital. This research method uses qualitative with a case study approach to analyze repeat radiographs using Digital Radiography (DR) at the Radiology Installation of Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital. The study was conducted from September 2024 to March 2025. The population includes all radiographic images with DR modality, while the sample is the result of repeat radiographic images. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with three radiographers and one radiology specialist, and documentation. The average percentage of repeat X-ray photos on digital radiography modality in October 2024 was 1954 examinations with 122 repeats with a percentage of 6.24%, in November 2024 was 2206 examinations with 70 repeats with a percentage of 3.17%, in December 2024 was 2622 examinations with 16 repeats with a percentage of 0.61%. The percentage of repeats on digital radiography (DR) modality that occurred at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital exceeded the standards set by the Minister of Health with repeat results> 2% in October and November 2024. The factors causing repeats are due to positioning, patient movement, exposure factors, artifacts and equipment. The suggestion to minimize repeats that occur is to increase the accuracy of the radiographer in conducting the examination.
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Andrade, Júlia Guerra de, Gabriel Andrade Nunes Carrijo, Caroline Loureiro, Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro, Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues, and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto. "Endodontic images as a forensic identification: A literature review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (2021): e16310816994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16994.
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Several radiographs are taken during endodontic treatment, thus providing a large number of images with individual characteristics that can be used for forensic identification of an individual. This study aimed to review the literature related to the use of endodontic radiographs in the identification of cadavers. A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, Periódicos Capes, and Web of Science. The keywords used were: forensic dentistry, endodontics, dental radiography, forensic identification. In total, 24 articles related to radiography in the identification of cadavers were found. Among them, 8 studies were selected for including endodontic radiographs for this purpose, comprising different types of studies: case reports of forensic identification through endodontic radiography (4); “in vitro” studies on the influence of high temperatures on endodontic materials and their radiographic images (2); a literature review on how radiographs can be used for identification (1); a comparative study between antemortem and post-mortem endodontic radiographic images (1). Overall, the present study showed that endodontic radiographs have a significant amount of information that can be used to identify a cadaver. Therefore, it is important to perform and store radiographs properly and for long periods. Literature related to the subject is still scarce and further studies are needed.
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Sukanya, Arockia, Kamalanand Krishnamurthy, and Thayumanavan Balakrishnan. "Comparison of Preprocessing Techniques for Dental Image Analysis." Current Medical Imaging Formerly Current Medical Imaging Reviews 16, no. 7 (2020): 776–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573405615666191115101536.
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Various dental disorders, such as lesions, masses, carries, etc. may affect the human dental structure. Dental radiography is a technique, which passes X-rays through dental structures and records the radiographic images. These radiographic images are used to analyze the disorders present in the human teeth. Preprocessing is a primary step to enhance the radiographic images for further segmentation and classification of images. In this work, the preprocessing techniques such as unsharp masking using high pass filter, bi-level histogram equalization and hybrid metaheuristic have been utilized for dental radiographs. The performance measures of the preprocessing techniques were analyzed. Results demonstrate that a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm for dental radiographs achieves higher performance measures when compared to other enhancement methods. An average Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) value of 21.6 was observed in the case of a hybrid metaheuristic technique for dental image enhancement.
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Bwanga, Osward, and Bornface Chinene. "Involvement of radiographers in the interpretation and reporting of general radiographic images." Medical Journal of Zambia 50, no. 4 (2024): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.50.4.440.
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Globally, radiographers play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of injuries and diseases. Radiographers have ample opportunities to encounter a wide variety of radiographic images throughout their training and careers. For this reason, radiographers are in a better position to communicate their radiographic observations to the referring clinician. However, there is a lack of clarity on the level of radiographers’ involvement in the interpretation and reporting of general radiographic images. Therefore, this educational article has identified and reviewed the three levels of involvement: abnormality detection system (red dot system), preliminary clinical evaluation (commentary reporting), and clinical reporting as identified from the literature. This information is important to the radiography profession and stakeholders in African countries planning to extend the role of a radiographer in image interpretation and reporting on general radiographic images.
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Lohe, Vidya K., Supriya V. Gupta, Ravindra P. Kadu, Ravikant V. Sune, Swapnil C. Mohod, and Mrunal G. Meshram. "Comparing the Accuracy of Conventional with Direct Digital Radiographic Method in Diagnosing the Periapical Lesions." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 19, no. 4 (2024): 666–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_13_24.
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Background: Traditionally, the conventional radiograph forms the primary imaging modality in diagnosing, treating, and carrying out the follow-up of periapical lesions. Early lesions are hard to identify precisely due to the diffused and infiltrative characteristics of the inflammatory course in bone. There is much controversy concerning the precision of imaging technique in identifying radicular lesions. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty dentate patients with the age range of 16 years and above were recruited. After clinical examination of the subjects, conventional films and digital images were obtained separately on the same case by employing the bisecting angle technique for acquiring direct digital and conventional radiographic images. The digital images viewed by the observers and results were tabulated for statistical analysis. Results: Radiographic diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing the periapical processes was more by digital radiography than the conventional one. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the conventional radiograph being the gold standard has more diagnostic accuracy in measuring periapical lesions. Digital radiographs can be used as an alternative with the advantages being that there is no use of processing solution and the ability to enhance image, data storage, and diagnostic value also can be changed by the operator.
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Armitasari, Linda, Rafiq Mubaroq, and Wahyu Murti Cahyo Putro. "ANALISIS REPEAT CITRA RADIOGRAF SEBAGAI BENTUK KESELAMATAN RADIASI DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT ISLAM KLATEN." Prosiding Seminar Si-INTAN 4, no. 1 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53862/ssi.v4.092024.003.
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Repeat analyses are radiographs that are not clinically acceptable and are requested to be retaken. The primary purpose of the repeat analyses program is to take corrective action, record the repeated radiographic images, and determine the cause of the repetition so that it can be minimized or even eliminated. Klaten Islamic Hospital needs to keep its radiology services optimal and safe for patients as a referral hospital. One indicator of the quality of service is the low repetition rate of radiographic images. This study aims to determine the percentage of factors causing the repetition of radiographic images and suggested solutions to minimize repeat radiographic images in the Radiology Department. Survey research with a quantitative approach to repeating radiographic images at the Radiology Department. The study was conducted in February-May 2024 using observation, survey, and documentation. The percentage of repetition of radiographic images at the Radiology Installation of Klaten Islamic Hospital in the first month was 2.72%, in the second month was 3.04%, in the third month was 4.05%, and in the fourth month was 3.43%. Factors causing the repetition of radiographic images include miscollimation (clipped), artifacts, exposure factors, tools, and patient movement. Suggested solutions to minimize the factors causing the repetition of radiographic images in the Radiology Installation of Klaten Islamic Hospital are good communication between radiographers and patients, double checking before exposure, clear instructions to patients, ensuring there are no objects that can become artifacts, using appropriate exposure parameters, calibrating and testing suitability regularly, reporting if there is equipment damage, and using immobilization techniques. Keywords: Repeat Analyses, Digital Radiography, radiation safety for patient.
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Arslan, Zeynep Betül, Hilal Demir, Dila Berker Yıldız, and Füsun Yaşar. "Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography and ultrasonography in detecting periapical lesions using periapical radiography as a gold standard." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 6 (2020): 20190290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190290.
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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of imaging techniques in diagnosing periapical lesions. Methods: Imaging records of 80 patients (51 females, 29 males, aged between 14 and 75 years) including periapical and panoramic radiographs and ultrasonographic images were selected from databases of Selcuk University Dentistry Faculty. Periapical radiographs were accepted as gold-standard and 160 anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth with or without periapical lesion were included to the study. Three specialist observers (dental radiologists) evaluated the presence and appearance of periapical lesions on panoramic radiograph and ultrasonographic images. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic value of panoramic radiographs and ultrasonography were determined. Results: Sensitivity was 0.80 and 0.77 for ultrasonographic images and panoramic radiographs, respectively which shows that periapical lesion was correctly detected in 80% of the cases with ultrasound and in 77% of the cases with panoramic radiography. Specificity values were determined as 0.97 for ultrasound and 0.95 for panoramic radiography. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.86 and 0.84 for ultrasound and panoramic radiography, respectively. Conclusions: Periapical and panoramic radiographs are commonly used to visualize periapical lesions. Besides, ultrasonography is an alternative method to digital radiographic techniques in the diagnosis of anterior teeth with periapical lesions.
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Khummoon, Piyanut, Sirilawan Tohnak, Chutamas Deepho, Saran Worasakwutiphong, and Supanya Naivikul. "Accuracy of Extraoral Bitewing Compared with Histopathology in Proximal Caries Detection of Primary Molar Teeth." Asian Health, Science and Technology Reports 32, no. 1 (2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.69650/ahstr.2024.985.
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An accurate diagnosis of dental caries leads to a suitable treatment plan and prevents premature loss of primary teeth. Intraoral bitewing radiography helps caries determination but has limitations in pediatric patients with severe gag reflexes while the extraoral bitewing radiograph resolved the patients who refused to undergo intraoral radiographs. The research objective was to compare the accuracy of extraoral bitewing radiography and the gold standard histopathological examination for proximal caries detection in the primary molars. Twenty-four extracted primary molars with and without proximal caries were divided into three groups and arranged in the mimetic alveolar sockets of a 3D-printed skull and mandible. Two observers evaluated extraoral bitewing images separately twice at one-week intervals. The weighted kappa coefficients showed excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements between each session of the extraoral bitewing radiographic assessments. The Mann-Whitney U test showed no difference between the radiographic grading scores of extraoral bitewing images and the gold standard. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in cavitated carious lesions were higher than in non-cavitated carious lesions. In conclusion, extraoral bitewing is an alternative radiography for pediatric patients who are either uncooperative or intolerant to intraoral radiography.
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Faradina Pratiwi, Raditya, Elitha Sundari Pulungan, and Dewi Andini. "PENGARUH FAKTOR EKSPOSI TERHADAP KUALITAS CITRA RADIOGRAFI PADA PEMERIKSAAN THORAX." JRI (Jurnal Radiografer Indonesia) 6, no. 1 (2023): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.55451/jri.v6i1.173.
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Background: The exposure factor is one of the factors that influence and determine the quality and quantity of X-ray radiation required in making radiographic images. Every radiographic examination requires precision in the use of exposure factors in both conventional radiographic modalities and in the use of CR. Selection of the right exposure factor using both conventional radiography and Computed Radiography (CR) can produce radiographs with optimal results.
 Methods: This type of research is a library research or literature review by reviewing as many as 50 journals related to image quality on radiograph of thorax during the last 10 years. Then the researchers screened the journals related to the the effect of exposure factors on image quality radiograph of thorax in as many as 4 journals .
 Results: Image quality analysis is carried out based on image visualization (observation) parameters which include contrast and image sharpness. The exposure factors of 60 kV and 25 mAs in the image shows good gradations, namely the difference from bright white to perfect grayish black and the difference between the phantom object and the area around the object. When using a 60 kV tube voltage, you can see abnormalities in the ribs. Using exposure factors of 75 kV and 3.2 mAs and 65 kV and 8 mAs the resulting images have the highest contrast.
 Conclusions: Based on the review results, there are several exposure factors that can be used in thorax examination, including 55 kV and 8 mAs due to factor regulation. This exposure is the optimization of the PA thorax examination, the use of the 60 kV and 25 mAs exposure factors, radiographic images can be read and have met good image quality on the object and 60 kV produces maximum contrast, this is in accordance with the theory of using tube voltage to see abnormalities that occurs in the ribs. The highest contrast on the chest X-ray image was obtained using the exposure factors of 75 kV and 3.2 mAs and 65 kV and 8 mAs.
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Vyborny, C., P. Bunch, H. Chotas, J. Dobbins, L. Niklason, and C. Schaefer-Prokop. "Image Quality in Chest Radiography: Abstract." Journal of the ICRU 3, no. 2 (2003): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicru_3.2.13.
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Image quality in chest radiography is an important, but complex, subject. The complicated anatomy of the chest, as well as the various ways that chest disease may manifest itself, require careful consideration of radiographic technique. The manner in which human observers deal with the complexity of chest images adds further dimensions to image analysis that are not found in other radiography examinations. This report describes many issues that are related to the quality of chest radiographic images. In so doing, it relies upon the very extensive literature on this topic, a topic that has been one of the most thoroughly studied in all of radiography. Strategies that are generally agreed to improve the quality of chest radiographs are described, as are approaches to the assessment of image quality.
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Lee, H., J. Kim, Y. Cho, M. Kim, N. Kim, and K. Lee. "Three-dimensional computed tomographic volume rendering imaging as a teaching tool in veterinary radiology instruction." Veterinární Medicína 55, No. 12 (2010): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/2950-vetmed.
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The educational value of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) volume rendering imaging was compared to conventional plain radiographic instruction in a veterinary radiology class. Veterinary radiology is an important subject in veterinary medicine and has been well-recognized as a primary diagnostic method. Many junior and senior students have difficulty interpreting two dimensional radiographs that depict three-dimensional organs. A total of 158 junior veterinary students with knowledge of anatomy, pathology, physiology, and other basic subjects were divided into two groups; Group 1 (n = 45) received conventional radiographic instruction using normal and representative abnormal canine thoracic and abdominal radiographs followed by repetition of the same one week later, while Group 2 (n = 113) received plain radiograph instruction as in Group 1 followed by volume-rendered 3D CT images from the same canine patient one week later. The evaluations were performed at the end of each instruction. In Group 1, the majority did not understand the radiographic signs and no significant improvement was observed. In Group 2, 13% and 20% of the students learned only from radiographs, and understood the thoracic and abdominal radiographic alterations, respectively. After studying the 3D CT images, more than 94% of the students deduced the reasons for the radiographic alterations on the radiographs (P &lt; 0.001). These results strongly suggest that 3D CT imaging is an effective tool for teaching radiographic anatomy to veterinary medical students.
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Spaans, A. J., F. J. A. Beek, C. S. P. M. Uiterwaal, J. E. H. Pruijs, and R. J. Sakkers. "Correlation between ultrasonic and radiographic imaging of developmental dysplasia of the hip." Journal of Children's Orthopaedics 13, no. 2 (2019): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1863-2548.13.180165.
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Purpose The correlation between the degree of developmental hip dysplasia (DDH) measured on ultrasound images compared with that measured on radiographs is not clear. Most studies have compared ultrasonography (US) and radiographic images made at different times of follow-up. In this study the correlation between US images and radiographs of the hip made on the same day was evaluated. Methods US images and radiographs of both hips of 74 infants, who were treated for stable DDH, were reviewed in a retrospective study. Only infants who had an US examination and a radiograph on the same day were included. Results The correlation between α-angle of Graf and femoral head coverage on US was strong (p ≤ 0.0001). Weak correlations were found between the acetabular index of Tönnis on radiographs and α-angle of Graf on US (p = 0.049) and between acetabular index of Tönnis on radiographs and femoral head coverage of Morin on US (p = 0.100). Conclusion This study reports on the correlation between US and radiographic imaging outcomes, both made on the same day in patients for treatment and follow-up of DDH. Level of Evidence IV
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Abdul Halim, Suhaila, Arsmah Ibrahim, and Yupiter Harangan Prasada Manurung. "Digital Radiographic Image Enhancement for Weld Defect Detection using Smoothing and Morphological Transformations." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i1.9412.
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Accurate inspection of welded materials is important in relation to achieve acceptable standards. Radiography, a non-destructive test method, is commonly used to evaluate the internal condition of a material with respect to defect detection. The presence of noise in low resolution of radiographic images significantly complicates analysis; therefore attaining higher quality radiographic images makes defect detection more readily achievable. This paper presents a study pertaining to the quality enhancement of radiographic images with respect to different types of defects. A series of digital radiographic weld flaw images were smoothed using multiple smoothing techniques to remove inherent noise followed by top and bottom hat morphological transformations. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively with respect to SNR, PSNR and MAE. The results indicate that smoothing enhances the quality of radiographic images, thereby promoting defect detection with the respect to original radiographic images.
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Monuszko, Karen, Michael Malinzak, Lexie Zidanyue Yang, et al. "Image quality of EOS low-dose radiography in comparison with conventional radiography for assessment of ventriculoperitoneal shunt integrity." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 27, no. 4 (2021): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.8.peds20428.
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OBJECTIVE Patients with shunted hydrocephalus often accumulate high levels of radiation over their lifetimes during evaluation of hardware integrity. Current practice involves the use of a series of conventional radiographs for this purpose. Newer low-dose EOS radiography is currently used to evaluate scoliosis but has not been explored to evaluate shunt integrity on a large scale. The goal of this study was to compare the quality of imaging using EOS low-dose radiography to conventional radiography to evaluate shunt tubing. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on 57 patients who previously had both conventional radiographs and low-dose EOS images of their cerebral shunt tubing from 2000 to 2018. Patient demographics (age, sex, type of shunt tubing, primary diagnosis) were collected. Conventional radiographic images and low-dose EOS images were independently analyzed by a neurosurgeon and neuroradiologist in three categories: image quality, delineation of shunt, and distinction of shunt compared to adjacent anatomy. RESULTS All patients had shunted hydrocephalus due to spina bifida and Chiari type II malformation. Ratings of EOS and conventional radiographic images by both raters did not differ significantly in terms of image quality (rater 1, p = 0.499; rater 2, p = 0.578) or delineation of shunt (p = 0.107 and p = 0.256). Conventional radiographic images received significantly higher ratings than EOS on the ability to distinguish the shunt versus adjacent anatomy by rater 1 (p = 0.039), but not by rater 2 (p = 0.149). The overall score of the three categories combined was not significantly different between EOS and conventional radiography (rater 1, p = 0.818; rater 2, p = 0.186). In terms of cost, an EOS image was less costly than a conventional radiography shunt series ($236–$366 and $1300–$1547, respectively). The radiation dose was also lower for EOS images, with an effective dose of 0.086–0.140 mSv compared to approximately 1.6 mSv for a similar field of view with conventional radiography. CONCLUSIONS The image quality of low-dose EOS radiography does not significantly differ from conventional radiography for the evaluation of cerebral shunts. In addition, EOS affords a much lower radiation dose and a lower cost.
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García-Guerrero, Claudia, Ángela V. Caicedo-Rosero, Cindy E. Delgado-Rodríguez, Sara Quijano-Guauque, Mauricio Rodriguez-Godoy, and Hannia Camargo-Huertas. "Concordance and consistency in the evaluation of diagnostic images of periapical tissue in endodontics." Duazary 18, no. 4 (2021): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/2389783x.4374.
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To estimate the degree of concordance and consistency in the radiographic and tomographic evaluation of the periapical area. A study of diagnostic tests was designed. Three blind evaluators analyzed radiographic images, which were selected at two different points in time. An oral radiologist and an endodontist determined the second observation moment. The degree of similarity and variability, concordance and consistency for each radiograph was set at 95% confidence. A Kappa coefficient (κ), for radiographic findings and a correlation coefficient of Lin (CCC) for tomographic measurements was established. 12 radiographies and 19 tomographs were evaluated. The intraobserver consistency determined a k= 1 (Almost Perfect) and a CCC from 0.42 to 0.95 (Poor to Substantial) for both observation times. For radiographies, the interobserver concordance did not show changes between the first and second observation. Values include a k= 0.56-0.80 (Moderate to Good) and a CCC with greater degree of agreement, after training, as follows: axial view: CCC 0.86, 95% of Confidence Interval (CI) 0.69-0.94, coronal view: CCC 0.90 95%CI 0.75-0.96, and sagittal view: CCC 0.96, 95%CI 0.90-0.98. The statistical tests estimated the consistency and concordance to observe radiographically and tomographically the periapical tissue in endodontics.
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Abdul Halim, Suhaila, Arsmah Ibrahim, and Yupiter Harangan Prasada Manurung. "Digital Radiographic Image Enhancement for Weld Defect Detection using Smoothing and Morphological Transformations." Scientific Research Journal 9, no. 1 (2012): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v9i1.5053.
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Accurate inspection ofweldedmaterials is important in relation to achieve acceptable standards. Radiography, a non-destructive test method, is commonly used to evaluate the internal condition ofa material with respect to defect detection. Thepresence ofnoise in low resolution ofradiographic images significantly complicates analysis; thereforeattaining higher quality radiographic images makes defect detection more readily achievable. This paper presents a study pertaining to the quality enhancement of radiographic images with respect to different types of defects. A series of digital radiographic weld flaw images were smoothed using multiple smoothing techniques to remove inherent noise followed by top and bottom hat morphological transformations. Image quality was evaluated quantitatively with respect to SNR, PSNR andMAE. The results indicate that smoothing enhances the quality ofradiographic images, thereby promoting defect detection with the respect to original radiographic images.
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Beshtawi, Khaled R., Mogammad T. Peck, and Manogari Chetty. "Review of the radiographic modalities used during dental implant therapy - A narrative." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 2 (2021): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no2a4.
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The introduction of digital x-ray receivers which replaced conventional films was a significant radiographic development that is commonly used in daily dental practice. Dental implant therapy (DIT) is a sought after dental therapeutic intervention and dental radiography is an essential component contributing to the success of treatment. Dental radiographs taken in daily practice are generally conventional two-dimensional images and/or three-dimensional images. Ideally, the choice of radiographic technique should be determined after a thorough clinical examination and comprehensive consideration of the advantages, indications, and drawbacks. Digital three-dimensional modalities that have emerged over the last decade have been incorporated into DIT with the assumption that treatment outcomes will be improved. These modalities are constantly being reassessed and improved but there is a paucity of published information regarding the assessment of variables such as dosages and dimensional accuracy, suggesting that further research in these matters is necessary. This is crucial in order to obtain evidence-based information that may influence future radiographic practices. In this narrative, the authors present the most commonly used dental radiographic modalities currently used in DIT.
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Beltrán, Jorge A., Roberto A. León-Manco, and Maria Eugenia Guerrero. "Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the diagnosis of carious lesions in vitro." Journal of Oral Research 9, no. 6 (2020): 466–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2020.091.
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Objective: The objective of the study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of cone beam computed tomography and three intraoral radiographic systems in the detection of in vitro caries lesions. Material and Methods: One hundred teeth (46 molars and 54 premolars) were evaluated, including 176 proximal surfaces and 90 occlusal surfaces, with or without dental caries lesions. Digital images of all teeth were obtained using specific intraoral radiographs, VistaScan DürrDental®phosphor-plate radiography, XIOS XG Sirona® digital sensor radiography, and CBCT I-CATTM. Observers evaluated the images for the detection of caries lesions. The teeth were clinically sectioned and stereomicroscopy served as a validation tool. The relationship of sensitivity and specificity between all systems was determined through the ROC curve using Az values. Results: The values of the area under the curve (Az) selected for the CBCT I-CATTM system were 0.89 (0.84-0.93), for conventional radiography 0.71 (0.66-0.76), digital sensor radiography 0.74 (0.70-0.78) and digital radiography with phosphor-plates 0.73 (0.69-0.77). Statistically significant differences were found between the CBCT I-CATTM system and intraoral radiographic systems (p<0.01). The sensitivity and specificity values for the CBCT I-CATTM were 0.84 and 0.93 respectively. Conclusion: CBCT has a high sensitivity and specificity compared to intraoral radiographic systems for the diagnosis of dental caries lesions in vitro.
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Solomonov, Michael, Avi Hadad, Joe Ben Itzhak, Alex Lvovsky, and Hadas Azizi. "Is a Pre-Existent Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Able to Detect Metal Dental Posts?" Dentistry Journal 12, no. 7 (2024): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj12070229.
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(1) Background: In this study, the efficacy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting dental posts was compared to periapical radiography. (2) Methods: A retrospective evaluation of 53 patients’ periapical radiographs and CBCT images was performed. The presence and type of the intra-canal dental post were initially determined on the periapical images (PA) radiographs’ examination and were then compared to the observer’s ability to detect the dental post on a CBCT image. The effect of the post’s type (metal cast or prefabricated) on its detection on CBCT images was determined. (3) Results: 10.5% of teeth that were identified as having a post on a PA radiograph were not identified as having a post on the CBCT examination (p < 0.05). Approximately 17.6% of teeth that were identified as not having a post on a PA radiograph were identified as having a post on the CBCT examination (p < 0.05). Moreover, 16.3% and 50% of teeth with a prefabricated or cast posts on PA radiographs were falsely identified on the CBCT examination, respectively (p < 0.05). (4) Conclusions: A CBCT image is an insufficient tool for the identification of metal prefabricated and cast posts. A PA image is the recommended radiographic tool for achieving information about the post-endodontic restoration status of teeth candidates for endodontic retreatment in patients with a former CBCT scan.
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Van der Stelt, P. F. "Modern Radiographic Methods in the Diagnosis of Periodontal Disease." Advances in Dental Research 7, no. 2 (1993): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374930070020601.
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For many years, radiographs have been a valuable aid in the diagnosis of periodontal disease and the evaluation of treatment effects. Computer-based image acquisition and processing techniques will now further increase the importance of radiography in periodontal diagnosis. Temporal changes of lesions can be made easily visible by means of subtraction radiography based on digital images. This process requires a pair of images with identical gray-level distributions and projection geometry. The gray-level distribution and perspective projection of images can be corrected by means of digital image processing. A pair of identical images can thus be obtained without mechanical alignment of patient, film, and x-ray source. Algorithms have been developed for automatical determination of the borders of lesions and can subsequently produce quantitative information ranging from simple distance measurements to advanced multidimensional quantitation of image parameters. Accurate volume measurements can be carried out by the utilization of calibration wedges in the image. Image reconstruction procedures, such as tomosynthesis, provide information about the third dimension, which is normally lost in conventional radiographic projections. The buccal and lingual sites of the alveolar crest can be inspected separately. The progress of computer-aided procedures as discussed in this paper appears to have great potential for the improvement of the radiographic diagnosis of periodontal lesions. Especially, the benefits of reproducibility and quantitative evaluation of treatment effects will greatly improve the role of radiography in periodontics.
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Langlois, Caroline de Oliveira, Maria Carméli Correia Sampaio, Alexandre Emidio Ribeiro Silva, Nilza Pereira da Costa, and Maria Ivete Bolzan Rockenbach. "Accuracy of linear measurements before and after digitizing periapical and panoramic radiography images." Brazilian Dental Journal 22, no. 5 (2011): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402011000500010.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of linear measurements made on conventional and digitized periapical and panoramic radiographic images of dry human hemi-mandibles. Images from the posterior region of 22 dry human hemi-mandibles were obtained by conventional panoramic and periapical radiography technique. Using a digital caliper, 3 vertical measurements were marked directly on the dry hemi-mandibles (reference measurements) as well as on the tracing from the conventional radiographic images of the specimens made onto acetate paper sheet: Distance 1: between the upper limit of the alveolar ridge and the lower limit at the mandible base; Distance 2: between the upper limit of the alveolar ridge and the upper limit of the mandibular canal; Distance 3: between the lower limit of the mandibular canal and the lower limit of the mandible base. Next, the radiographs were digitized and the three measurements were made on the digital images using UTHSCSA Image Tool software. Data were analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA (α=0.05). There was no statistically significant differences (p>0.05) between periapical and panoramic radiographs or between the measurements recorded using the digital caliper and UTHSCSA software compared with dry mandible specimens for Distances 1 (p=0.783), 2 (p=0.986) and 3 (p=0.129). In conclusion, the radiographic techniques evaluated in this study are reliable for vertical bone measurements on selected areas and the UTHSCA Image Tool software is an appropriate measurement method.
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Bryant, Vera, Jean Phang, and Kevin Abrams. "Verifying Placement of Small-Bore Feeding Tubes: Electromagnetic Device Images Versus Abdominal Radiographs." American Journal of Critical Care 24, no. 6 (2015): 525–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ajcc2015493.
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Background Clinicians are unsure if radiography is needed to confirm correct positioning of feeding tubes inserted with assistance from an electromagnetic system. Objectives To compare radiographic reports of feeding tube placement with images generated by an electromagnetic feeding tube placement device. Methods The medical records of 200 consecutive patients who had feeding tubes inserted with assistance from an electromagnetic feeding tube placement device were reviewed retrospectively. Radiographic reports of tube site were compared with images generated by the device. Results Radiographic evidence of tube sites was available in 188 cases: 184 tubes were located in portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Ninety of the 188 tubes were situated in the optimal site (distal duodenum or jejunum) radiographically. Images generated by the electromagnetic device were available in 176 cases; of these, 52 tubes appeared to end in the expected left lower quadrant. Tubes shown on radiographs to be in other sites also occasionally appeared to end in the left lower quadrant. Nurses using the device did not recognize 4 of the 188 tubes (2.1%) that were inadvertently placed in the lung. No consistent pattern of quadrant distribution was found for tubes positioned in the stomach or proximal duodenum. Conclusions Images generated by the electromagnetic tube placement device provided inconsistent results regarding tube location. A small percentage of seriously malpositioned tubes were not detected by using the electromagnetic device. These findings do not support eliminating radiographs to confirm correct tube placement following use of an electromagnetic tube placement device.
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Hassan, Mohamed A., Tamer A. Youssef, and Mohamed El-Gharib. "Role of virtual bronchoscopy in foreign body inhalation in children." Egyptian Journal of Otolaryngology 29, no. 4 (2013): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7123/01.ejo.0000433256.86712.83.
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EnAbstract Objective To investigate the usefulness of three-dimensional images on the basis of multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) in the evaluation of suspected foreign body (FB) aspiration in children. Patients and methods A total of 28 children presented to Ain Shams University hospital with suspected FB inhalation. All patients underwent chest radiographs. Of the patients, eight with inconclusive history, physical examination, and negative radiograph findings for FB inhalation underwent MDCT. All patients underwent rigid bronchoscopy (RB) and the results were compared with the findings of chest radiographs and virtual bronchoscopy images. Results Four patients were negative by radiography and MDCT scan, and were subjected to RB, with no FB found. The other four patients who were negative by radiography turned out to be positive by MDCT and were subjected to RB, which was positive for FB in only 3 patients. MDCT had a negative predictive value of 100%, whereas its positive predictive value was 75%. Conclusion RB should always be performed as a first-line procedure in the presence of a combination of characteristic clinical and radiographic signs. In the other patients, the presence of FB can be confirmed by MDCT in order to reduce the negative RB rate.
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Decusară, Mioara, Cerasella-Dorina Şincar, Alexandru Nicolau, and Teodora Denisa Gheorghi. "The importance of 3D imaging for the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 62, no. 4 (2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2016.4.3.
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Within a century, dental radiology “suffered” transformation, beginning with periapical radiographs, cephalograms and panoramic radiography and continuing with digital imaging and cone beam computed tomography. In contemporary dental practice is importantant to choose the type of radiographic investigation in order to achieve a complete and accurate diagnosis, so necessary for determining the treatment plan for patients with dental-maxillary abnormalities. We conducted a comparative study between conventional radiographic investigation (periapical radiographs, panoramic radiography) and cone beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. The costs and radiation doses are low to the classic X-rays, but the diagnosis is given by the two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional dental-maxillary pathologies. Cone Beam CT scans were relatively high in cost and in radiation doses, but provided three-dimensional images and anatomic and radiological data of superior quality to the classics.
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Peck, Jeffrey, Armando Villamil, Kara Fiore, Cheryl Tano, and Jessica Leasure. "Inter- and intra-observer variability of radiography and computed tomography for evaluation of Zurich cementless acetabular cup placement ex vivo." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 29, no. 06 (2016): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-05-0068.
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SummaryObjective: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability in measurement of the angle of lateral opening (ALO) and version angle measurement using digital radiography and computed tomography (CT).Methods: Each hemipelvis was implanted with a cementless acetabular cup. Ventrodorsal and mediolateral radiographs were made of each pelvis, followed by CT imaging. After removal of the first cup, the pelves were implanted with an acetabular cup in the contra-lateral acetabulum and imaging was repeated. Three surgeons measured the ALO and version angles three times for each cup from the mediolateral radiographic projection. The same measurements were made using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstructions from CT images. Two anatomical axes were used to measure pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane, resulting in six measurements per cup. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance evaluated inter- and intra-observer repeatability for radiographic and CT-based measurements.Results: Version angle based on radio-graphic measurement did not differ within surgeons (p = 0.433), but differed between surgeons (p <0.001). Radiographic measurement of ALO differed within surgeons (p = 0.006) but not between surgeons (p = 0.989). The ALO and version angle measured on CT images did not differ with or between surgeons.Clinical significance: Assessment of inter-and intra-observer measurement of ALO and version angle was more reproducible using CT images than conventional mediolateral radiography for a Zurich cementless acetabular cup.
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Hayabuchi, N., W. J. Russell, and J. Murakami. "Problems in Radiographic Detection and Diagnosis of Lung Cancer." Acta Radiologica 30, no. 2 (1989): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000209.
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All chest radiographs of 107 proven lung cancer patients who received consecutive biennial chest radiography were reviewed to elucidate problems detecting their cancers, and diagnosing them when initially radiographically detected. Subjects, members of a fixed population sample, originally numbered 20000 persons, 17000 of whom consistently received consecutive biennial chest radiography during examinations for late effects of atomic-bomb radiation. Among the 107 subjects, 64 had radiographic manifestations of cancer; 47 were initially correctly diagnosed; 17 were not. Eleven of the 17 were initially equivocal, diagnosable only after subsequent radiography and retrospective review of serial radiographs. Diagnostic problems consisted of 1) six detection errors with cancer images superimposed on musculoskeletal and cardiovascular structures, reducible by stereoscopic p.a. instead of single p.a. radiography; immediate tentative interpretations; and by comparing earlier with current radiographs. 2) Eight decision errors, wherein cancers mimicked other diseases, were reducible by greater index of suspicion and scrutiny during interpretations.
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Ghareh Mohammadi, Farid, and Ronnie Sebro. "Radiograph Manufacturer and Model Identification Using Deep-RSI." European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security 22, no. 1 (2023): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/eccws.22.1.1177.
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Malware attacks of healthcare institutions are simultaneously becoming more common and more sophisticated. Artificial intelligence (AI) has resulted in the ability to rapidly alter or generate false images, advancing the ease of forgery of digital images. Digital image manipulation and substitution of radiographs are major threats to healthcare institutions because these altered images may affect patient care. Identifying the source (manufacturer, model) of radiology images is one method of validating the origin of radiology images in a healthcare system. In a previous study, researchers demonstrated that features from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be used to trace and authenticate the source of the MRI images. We previously developed and tested the Deep learning for Radiograph Source Identification (Deep-RSI) approach for source identification of radiographs obtained of the upper extremities (hands, wrists, forearms, elbows, and shoulders). In this research, we present an empirical and quantitative investigation using deep learning to validate the source of digital radiographic images of the lower extremities (knees, legs, ankles, and feet). A convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to extract features, which are then followed by three fully connected layers (FCNN). To ensure that our proposed method is a content-free approach, we added a new layer before the CNN to extract the initial content-free pixels and train the features using the CNN and FCNN layers. This proposed approach was used to identify the source of each digital image of a lower extremity. Adult patients of both sexes who had radiographs of the lower extremities at Mayo Clinic between 01/01/2010 and 12/31/2021 were evaluated. The data was randomly split by patient into training/validation and test datasets. There were 9 radiographic machine models and 6 manufacturers. Deep-RSI had an accuracy of 99.00% (AUC= 0.99) and 97.00% (AUC=0.94) for detecting the manufacturer and model of the radiographic machine for radiographs of the feet respectively, confirming that forensic evaluation of radiographs can be performed. This is the first medical forensics examination of this type to identify and confirm the source origins for radiographs of the lower extremities. This technique may be helpful to detect radiology malware attacks and scientific fraud.
 
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Krencnik, Tomaz, Tadej Jalsovec, Martina Klemenak, Petra Riznik, and Jernej Dolinsek. "Safety beyond Sight: Handheld Metal Detectors as Diagnostic Allies in the Management of Children Suspected to have Ingested Foreign Bodies." Diagnostics 14, no. 4 (2024): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14040356.
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Background. Foreign body (FB) ingestion remains a common cause of pediatric emergency department referrals, and the gold standard for detection is whole-digestive-tract radiographic examination. Our study explores whether handheld metal detectors (HHMD) can effectively identify the presence and location of ingested metal objects, potentially reducing the need for additional radiographic examination. Methods. We collected medical data from children with suspected metal FB ingestion who were referred to our emergency department (October 2017–March 2023), focusing on object type and correlating metal detector findings with radiographic images. Results. Data from 43 children (39.5% female; mean age: 4 y) referred to our emergency department were analyzed. Coins (32.6%), button batteries (18.6%), and hairpins (11.6%) were the most common ingested objects. Metal detectors detected the presence of FBs in 81.4% of cases (sensitivity: 89.7%; specificity: 100%). Radiographs, taken for 40 children, showed that the most common locations were the stomach (37%) and intestine (33%). The metal detector signals matched the radiography results in 69.8% of cases. According to HHMD, 34.9% of objects were accessible via endoscopy, contrasting with 51.2% via radiography (p < 0.05). Conclusion. While the findings obtained using handheld metal detectors often correlate well with radiograph findings in detecting metal FBs, for an important number of children, this confirmation is lacking, especially when determining the exact location of an object.
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Chang, Yasheng, and Weiku Wang. "Text recognition in radiographic weld images." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 61, no. 10 (2019): 597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2019.61.10.597.
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Automatic recognition of text characters on radiographic images based on computer vision would be a very useful step forward as it could improve and simplify the file handling of digitised radiographs. Text recognition in radiographic weld images is challenging since there is no uniform font or character size and each character may tilt in different directions and by different amounts. Deep learning approaches for text recognition have recently achieved breakthrough performance using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). CNNs can recognise normalised characters in different fonts. However, the tilt of a character still has a strong influence on the accuracy of recognition. In this paper, a new improved algorithm is proposed based on the Radon transform, which is very effective at character rectification. The improved algorithm increases the accuracy of character recognition from 86.25% to 98.48% in the current experiments. The CNN is used to recognise the rectified characters, which achieves good accuracy and improves character recognition in radiographic weld images. A CNN greatly improves the efficiency of digital scanning and filing of radiographic film. The method proposed in this paper is also compared with other methods that are commonly used in other fields and the results show that the proposed method is better than state-of-the-art methods.
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Qiao, Shuang, Jia Ning Sun, Jian Li, and Ji Peng Huang. "A Novel Texture Extraction Method for Digital Radiography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 719-720 (January 2015): 1148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.719-720.1148.
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As known, there always exist severely degradation problems in digital radiography. How we can extract necessary textures from degraded radiographic images is the post-processing key. Local binary pattern (LBP) is a well-known method, which is widely used in fast image texture extraction. However, for noisy images, LBP can’t work well due to its sensitivity to details. On the other hand, as one of the important shock filters developed in recent years, complex shock filter possesses excellent capabilities in textural image processing. Here, by combining complex shock filter with LBP, a novel fast and efficient method, C-LBP is presented for texture extraction of degraded radiographic images. Experimental results show that comparing with traditional LBP, C-LBP not only distinguishes between noise and details in radiographic images, but also extracts image textures efficiently and rapidly, which plays an important role in developing nondestructive detection technique by low-dose ray radiography.
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Rusydiana, Dina, and Dona Doni Setyawan. "Investigation of Extraoral Dental Radiography Examination Rejections at a Dental and Oral Hospital in Semarang, Indonesia." MASHIJO : Medical Science and Hospital Journal 2, no. 1 (2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mashijo.v2i1.1.
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Background : Extraoral radiography techniques, such as panoramic radiography and cephalometric radiography, are used to obtain an overall view of the teeth, jaws, and surrounding tissues. However, there are instances where radiographic images are rejected or marked as inadequate based on the required quality standards. Reject analysis is a method of evaluation that involves analyzing rejected dental radiographic images. This research will identify the most common factors contributing to image rejection and provide recommendations for improving the quality of dental radiographic images Methode : The type of scientific study in this research is quantitative and descriptive. The research was conducted at the Radiodiagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Muhammadiyah University of Semarang. The total sample size taken was 301 extraoral radiographic films. The research data were obtained through a retrospective survey approach and observation method. The analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2021 application. Result : The primary factors contributing to film rejection are patient movement (50%), patient positioning (25%), and device settings (25%). Film rejection for extraoral radiographic examinations consisted of 2 films in Panoramic examinations, accounting for 50%, and 2 films in Cephalometric examinations, also accounting for 50% Conclusion : The film rejection ratio for extraoral dental radiography examinations conducted at the Radiodiagnostic Department of the Dental Hospital, Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang, remained below the normal limit value of 1.29%.
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Pham, Khoa Van. "A Comparison of Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Digital Radiography for Evaluation of Root Canal Preparation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (2021): 6599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146599.
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The aim of the present study is to compare cone beam computed tomography and periapical digital radiography for the evaluation of root canal preparation. Nine extracted human molars were used in this study. Following access cavity preparation, mesio-buccal roots of maxillary and mesial roots of mandibular molars were prepared and the remaining roots were cut off. Three amalgam cavities were prepared on the coronal part of the teeth and were filled with amalgam to be used as landmarks. Specimens were scanned using cone-beam computed tomography and periapical digital radiograph images were obtained before and after root canal preparation. WaveOne Gold Primary was used for root canal preparation to full working length. Specimens were then scanned using CBCT and a periapical radiograph for the after-instrumentation images. The transportation and centering ratio were measured and calculated on the CBCT and periapical radiographic images. The Bland–Altman method was used for detecting the bias in the evaluation of agreement between the two methods’ measurements. There was agreement between the two methods’ measurements using CBCT scans and periapical digital radiographic images in the evaluation of transportation and centering ratio parameters. The two methods could be used interchangeably in measurements of transportation and calculating the centering ratio.
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Rawlings, Clarence A., Royce Roberts, Gil Jacobs, John McCall, John Brown, and Michael Burrow. "Comparison of thoracic radiographs with images transmitted via advanced telecommunications equipment." Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 211, no. 10 (1997): 1245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/javma.1997.211.10.1245.
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Objective To compare thoracic radiographs of clinically normal dogs and dogs with mild clinical heartworm disease with images transmitted by a desktop, two-way audiovisual teleconferencing system. Design Prospective, matched-set study. Study Population 50 thoracic radiographs from clinically normal and heartworm-infected dogs and the digitally transmitted images of those radiographs. Procedure Thoracic radiographs from 25 clinically normal dogs and 25 dogs infected with 1 to 24 heartworms were evaluated by 3 clinicians. Using classic criteria for heartworm disease, evaluations of radiographs and images transmitted digitally over 2 highspeed data-transfer telephone lines (56 kilobits/s/line) were performed. Clinicians were asked to determine whether dogs had radiographic signs of heartworm disease. Results Clinicians’ ability to detect heartworm disease did not differ between interpretations of radiographs and those of transmitted images. Clinical Implications Radiographic images transmitted via a teleconference system can be used to provide reliable diagnostic information. Thoracic radiographs can be interpreted at a remote site permitting rapid consultation and immediate advice on clinical management. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997;211:1245–1248)
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Nilsson, U., U. Nyman, and M. Nilsson. "Teletransmission of Radiographic Images." Acta Radiologica. Diagnosis 27, no. 3 (1986): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518602700318.
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A digital system for transmission of images over telephone lines using a 256×256×6 bits matrix provided for communication between a county hospital and a university hospital is presented. During a three-month period radiologic diagnostic problems encountered in 62 patients (computed tomography in 46 and conventional radiography in 16) were referred by transmitting selected images from each examination. Transmission of computed tomograms was performed without significant degradation of image quality and there was no loss of diagnostic information. Deterioration of image quality was noticed when conventional films especially those of the chest, were digitized and transmitted, though in no instance were they non-diagnostic. The consultations gave valuable information to the transmitting radiologist in approximately 50 per cent of the cases. Review by the consulted radiologists of all original films in each of the examinations 6 months later did not improve the diagnostic results. Thus, a few carefully selected images, digitized and transmitted over telephone lines, may be sufficient for adequate consultation. References
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Falconi, Caroline L. "Producing Quality Radiographic Images." Radiology 167, no. 3 (1988): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.167.3.652.
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Indra G, Maragathavalli G, and Deepika Rajendran. "Analysis of Panoramic Images of Orthodontic Patients." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (2020): 1750–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3507.
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Panoramic imaging is the most widely requested radiographic technique in dentistry. In orthodontics, the clinical and radiographic examinations are routinely carried out along with dental and skeletal photographs as a part of diagnosis and treatment planning. The evaluation of radiographs of patients after orthodontic treatment is important in understanding the possible changes that tend to occur post-treatment. This study aims to analyze the incidental findings present in the radiographs of patients who previously underwent orthodontic treatment. A total of 30 patients (18 females; 12 male) were randomly selected from the Orthodontic clinic at the Department of Orthodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. Two independent examiners analyzed the panoramic radiographs for anomalies and pathologies. The result showed the most common finding, which was periodontal pathology (Generalised bone loss, widening of periodontal ligament space, or both, loss of lamina dura) with a prevalence of 36.7%. All the patients taken into the study had at least one anomaly. In conclusion, the relevant findings were observed in all the radiographs & special care should be taken while evaluating them to diagnose alterations that may require other dental treatments.
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Bwanga, Osward. "Causes of Reject and Repeat of Digital Radiographic Images: A Literature Review to Guide the Practice of Radiography in Zambia." Medical Journal of Zambia 48, no. 1 (2021): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.55320/mjz.48.1.766.
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Background: Radiographers aim at always improving the quality of imaging services through the production of high-quality diagnostic images, whilst minimising the radiation doses to patients and reducing healthcare costs. One strategy used in achieving this is conducting periodical reject and repeat image analysis.
 Objective: The aim of this study was to review the causes of rejection and repetition of digital radiographic images to guide the practice of radiography in Zambia.
 Methodology: A literature search was conducted in January 2021 in PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect electronic databases. The search was extended to reference lists of eligible articles and radiography journals.
 Results: Seven research studies and clinical audits were identified to be relevant and included in this review. Six causes of rejection and repetition of digital radiographic images were identified: patient positioning errors, inappropriate selection of technical exposure factors, patient motion, presence of artefacts, improper collimation of the radiographic beam, and absence of permanent anatomical side marker (ASM). Amongst these factors, patient positioning error was the most common reason for rejecting and repeating digital images.
 Conclusion: The review found the overall image rejection rate to be within the acceptable range in digital radiography. This review’s findings can guide the practice of radiography in Zambia as the transition takes place from traditional film-based radiography to digital radiography (DR) imaging systems.
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Ruttimann, U. E. "Computer-Based Reconstruction and Temporal Subtraction of Radiographs." Advances in Dental Research 1, no. 1 (1987): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374870010011601.
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The most important physical parameter limiting the diagnostic performance achieved with radiographic images is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In most dental applications, the normal anatomical structures contribute to a background pattern in the image that is limiting the SNR attainable. Hence, the projection direction of radiographs is a fundamental determinant of the SNR. The acquisition of a basis set of projection images obtained from a plurality of spatially registered sampling directions permits the reconstruction of any desired slice lying within a limited volume by tomosynthesis. Alternatively, the multi-projection strategy permits synthesis of any arbitrary radiographic image whose projection direction lies within the cone spanned by the basis projection directions. This feature can be used to synthesize a desired image at the proper projection angle required for meaningful subtraction from a previously obtained radiograph, and thus to suppress anatomy-related background variations.
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ALAN, Raif, and Ahmet ERBEYOĞLU. "The importance of linear measurements made using panoramic radiography in pre-implant site assessment: actual vs. measured." Archives of Current Medical Research 4, no. 1 (2023): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.47482/acmr.1174345.
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Background: In order to reduce post-operative failure and ensure successful rehabilitation, patients scheduled for dental implant treatment are often evaluated pre-operatively using radiographic images in addition to clinical examination. This study aimed to investigate the reliability of digital panoramic radiography in the pre-implant site assessment. 
 
 Methods: Panoramic images of 150 patients with the total of the 396 implants placed in the maxilla (n=165) and mandible (n=231), were examined in the study. Radiographic measurements (vertical and horizontal) were recorded on the computer using the automatic calibration tab for each radiograph and compared with the actual implant dimensions. Moreover, the effects of location, gender, and change in dimensions on magnification rate (MR) were also investigated. The measurements were made by two experienced observers. 
 
 Results: Panoramic vertical measurements were significantly higher in both the maxilla and mandible compared to the actual implant lengths (p
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Christman, Robert A. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 1." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 4 (2014): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.4.402.
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The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The findings from the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg (the focus of this paper), the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals, and the phalanges.
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Christman, Robert A. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 2." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 5 (2014): 493–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.5.493.
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Background Normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Methods Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Results Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Conclusions Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus (the focus of this article), the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals, and the phalanges.
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Christman, Robert A. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 5." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 105, no. 2 (2015): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-105.2.141.
Full textAbstract:
Background The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Methods Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Results Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Conclusions Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals, and the phalanges (the focus of this article).
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Christman, Robert A. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 3." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 6 (2014): 633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/8750-7315-104.6.633.
Full textAbstract:
Background The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Methods Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Results Images of each foot and distal leg bone ("front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Conclusions Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus (the focus of this article), the metatarsals, and the phalanges.
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Christman, Robert A. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Foot and Ankle—Part 4." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 105, no. 1 (2015): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/8750-7315-105.1.51.
Full textAbstract:
Background The normal radiographic anatomy of the foot and ankle, aside from my previous work, has been addressed only superficially or sparingly in the medical literature. This project correlates the detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire adult foot and ankle (two-dimensional) to osteology (three-dimensional). Methods Each bone's position was determined after meticulous examination and correlation to an articulated skeleton relative to the image receptor and direction of the x-ray beam, with correlation to the radiograph for confirmation. Results Images of each foot and distal leg bone (“front” and “back” perspectives) are presented alongside a corresponding radiographic image for comparison. The normal gross and radiographic anatomy is correlated and described for each radiographic positioning technique. Conclusions Foundational knowledge is provided that future researchers can use as a baseline (“normal”) and that students and practitioners can use for comparison when interpreting radiographs and distinguishing abnormal findings. The results of the original project, owing to its broad scope, have been divided into five parts: the lower leg, the greater tarsus, the lesser tarsus, the metatarsals (the focus of this article), and the phalanges.
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Yousefi, Faezeh, Vahid Mollabashi, Soroush Bahmani, and Maryam Farhadian. "Comparison of Gonial Angle and Alveolar Bone Height Changes in Panoramic and Lateral Cephalometry Radiography in Growing Patients." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 14, no. 1 (2022): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2022.06.
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Background: This study aimed to compare the gonial angle and alveolar bone height changes between panoramic and lateral cephalometry radiographic images in class II malocclusion patients before and after orthodontic treatment. Methods: The obtained radiographic images were selected from among 120 class 2 malocclusion cases. The gonial angle and alveolar bone height were measured in the midline and molar regions of panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs using the software tools before and after the treatment of patients. Study data were analyzed by SPSS statistical software (version 21.0), and a significance level was set to 0.05 for all statistical tests. Results: Based on the results, no significant difference was found regarding the gonial angle before and after treatment on the right and left sides in panoramic radiography and the gonial angle changes before and after treatment in cephalometric radiography (P>0.05). However, the obtained results for posterior and anterior alveolar ridge height were significant in panoramic and cephalometric radiographs (P<0.05). Moreover, the comparison of the measured gonial angle values before treatment in panoramic and cephalometric radiography represented a significant level (P<0.05). Eventually, the statistical results suggested that the alveolar bone height differences between panoramic and cephalometry radiography were significantly different in both anterior and posterior regions after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicated that only measurements obtained from the panoramic radiography were valid for the gonial angle. However, panoramic and cephalometry radiography procedures cannot be replaced for assessing the anterior and posterior alveolar bone height.
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Kitai, Noriyuki, Yousuke Mukai, Manabu Murabayashi, et al. "Measurement accuracy with a new dental panoramic radiographic technique based on tomosynthesis." Angle Orthodontist 83, no. 1 (2012): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/020412-100.1.
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Abstract Objective: To investigate measurement errors and head positioning effects on radiographs made with new dental panoramic radiograph equipment that uses tomosynthesis. Materials and Methods: Radiographic images of a simulated human head or phantom were made at standard head positions using the new dental panoramic radiograph equipment. Measurement errors were evaluated by comparing with the true values. The phantom was also radiographed at various alternative head positions. Significant differences between measurement values at standard and alternative head positions were evaluated. Magnification ratios of the dimensions at standard and alternative head positions were calculated. Results: The measurement errors were small for all dimensions. On the measurements at 4-mm displacement positions, no dimension was significantly different from the standard value, and all dimensions were within ±5% of the standard values. At 12-mm displacement positions, the magnification ratios for tooth length and mandibular ramus height were within ±5% of the standard values, but those for dental arch width, mandibular width, and mandibular body length were beyond ±5% of the standard values. Conclusions: Measurement errors on radiographs made using the new panoramic radiograph equipment were small in any direction. At 4-mm head displacement positions, no head positioning effect on the measurements was found. At 12-mm head displacement positions, the measurements for vertical dimensions were little affected by head positioning, while those for lateral and anteroposterior dimensions were strongly affected.
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Limone, Leah E., and Robert M. Baratt. "Dental Radiography of the Horse." Journal of Veterinary Dentistry 35, no. 1 (2018): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898756417736882.
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This step-by-step article describes radiographic imaging of the horse’s teeth and paranasal sinuses with standard radiographic equipment. Obtaining radiographs of the horse’s skull that are of diagnostic quality can be challenging. The descriptions offered in this article can help practitioners become more comfortable with obtaining diagnostic images, which will improve recognition of radiographic signs of dental and paradental pathology.