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1

Siela, Debra. "Chest Radiograph Evaluation and Interpretation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 19, no. 4 (2008): 444–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-2008-4010.

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Chest imaging is an important tool in managing critically ill patients. Basic chest radiology is still used to quickly detect abnormalities in the chest. Critical care nurses are often the ones who first read the radiologist’s report of chest radiograph results and provide their interpretation to a physician. Oftentimes, chest radiographs are obtained routinely on a daily basis for every critical care patient, with the goal of effective clinical management. Critical care nurses can confirm cardiopulmonary assessment findings by also evaluating their patient’s chest radiographs and reviewing the radiologist’s report. By learning some basic skills in interpreting and evaluating chest radiographs, nurses can recognize and localize gross pathologic changes visible on a chest radiograph. This article provides basic chest radiograph interpretation information that allows readers to review relevant anatomy and physiology, summarize normal and abnormal findings on chest radiographs, and describe radiographic findings in common pulmonary and cardiac disorders.
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Dasegowda, Giridhar, Mannudeep K. Kalra, Alain S. Abi-Ghanem, et al. "Suboptimal Chest Radiography and Artificial Intelligence: The Problem and the Solution." Diagnostics 13, no. 3 (2023): 412. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13030412.

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Chest radiographs (CXR) are the most performed imaging tests and rank high among the radiographic exams with suboptimal quality and high rejection rates. Suboptimal CXRs can cause delays in patient care and pitfalls in radiographic interpretation, given their ubiquitous use in the diagnosis and management of acute and chronic ailments. Suboptimal CXRs can also compound and lead to high inter-radiologist variations in CXR interpretation. While advances in radiography with transitions to computerized and digital radiography have reduced the prevalence of suboptimal exams, the problem persists. Advances in machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in the radiographic acquisition, triage, and interpretation of CXRs, could offer a plausible solution for suboptimal CXRs. We review the literature on suboptimal CXRs and the potential use of AI to help reduce the prevalence of suboptimal CXRs.
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Powner, David J., and Jean-Christophe Biebuyck. "Introduction to the Interpretation of Chest Radiographs during Donor Care." Progress in Transplantation 15, no. 3 (2005): 240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152692480501500307.

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Organ procurement coordinators often provide independent interpretations of chest radiographs during donor care. Catheter or tube position, lobar atelectasis, extra-alveolar air, air bronchograms, pleural fluid, and other findings are important throughout donor care and when deciding if a lung is acceptable for transplantation. Technical factors, features of a normal chest radiograph, and abnormal radiographic findings are reviewed and examples are presented.
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Sapa, H., L. Johnston, and A. Casaus. "Holistic radiographic interpretation." British Dental Journal 230, no. 10 (2021): 625–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-021-3101-1.

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5

Hinkle, Frances, and Myra Barrett. "CPD article: Radiographic interpretation of the navicular bone: a review." UK-Vet Equine 4, no. 5 (2020): 136–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/ukve.2020.4.5.136.

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Navicular syndrome (navicular disease) plays a major role in the equine industry as a chronic, degenerative, and often career-limiting disease process, affecting a variety of breeds of horses. In addition to clinical signs and diagnostic analgesia, diagnostic imaging plays a key role in the identification of this disease process; radiography is the most widely used imaging modality. In addition to their clinical utility, foot radiographs are a standard element of most pre-purchase examinations. Good radiographic quality and positioning are necessary for accurate interpretation. Radiographic lesions of the navicular bone, such as sclerosis, enlarged synovial invaginations, distal border fragments and flexor cortical erosions, are important to identify and understand because of their potential role in the disease process. This article reviews an approach to radiological evaluation and interpretation of lesions affecting the navicular bone.
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Irvin, Jeremy, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, et al. "CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301590.

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Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in radiograph interpretation. We investigate different approaches to using the uncertainty labels for training convolutional neural networks that output the probability of these observations given the available frontal and lateral radiographs. On a validation set of 200 chest radiographic studies which were manually annotated by 3 board-certified radiologists, we find that different uncertainty approaches are useful for different pathologies. We then evaluate our best model on a test set composed of 500 chest radiographic studies annotated by a consensus of 5 board-certified radiologists, and compare the performance of our model to that of 3 additional radiologists in the detection of 5 selected pathologies. On Cardiomegaly, Edema, and Pleural Effusion, the model ROC and PR curves lie above all 3 radiologist operating points. We release the dataset to the public as a standard benchmark to evaluate performance of chest radiograph interpretation models.
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Mupparapu, Mel. "Radiographic Interpretation for the Dentist." Dental Clinics of North America 65, no. 3 (2021): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(21)00030-6.

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8

Unger, June M. "Radiographic Interpretation in Orofacial Disease." Radiology 184, no. 3 (1992): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.184.3.772-a.

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9

Pinder, H. M. "Radiographic interpretation trainer/test system." NDT & E International 25, no. 4-5 (1992): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90238-c.

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10

Kaffe, I. "Radiographic interpretation in orofacial disease." Journal of Dentistry 22, no. 2 (1994): 127–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-5712(94)90026-4.

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11

Lovelock, D. "Radiographic interpretation in orofacial disease." British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 29, no. 6 (1991): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-4356(91)90021-v.

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12

Ciotola, Nicholas, and William D. Spielfogel. "Reevaluating Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiographically Suspected Osteomyelitis of the Toe." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 108, no. 6 (2018): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/16-148.

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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is both sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of osteomyelitis, and it is an important imaging modality in preoperative planning of resection of infected bone. In many cases, however, the extent of osseous infection is evident on plain radiographs, and little additional information is gained from the MRI. The goal of this study was to assess the accuracy of radiographs against MRIs in assessing the spread of suspected osteomyelitis from one phalanx to another or to a metatarsal. Methods: A medical record review was performed, and 14 patients with 16 toes confirmed to have osteomyelitis involving one or more phalanges were included in the study. An investigator blinded to the MRI findings interpreted the extent of osseous involvement based solely on the radiographic and clinical presentation. The accuracy of the radiographic interpretation was then calculated against the MRI findings. Results: In 14 of the 16 toes (87.5%), whether osteomyelitis had spread from one bone to another was determined based on the radiographic and clinical presentation. In one toe, the radiograph did not adequately depict osteomyelitis in adjacent infected bone. In one more toe, the radiograph depicted features of osteomyelitis in uninfected bone. Conclusions: In a large percentage of patients, the phalanges affected by osteomyelitis had visible findings on the radiograph, and operative planning could have been based on the radiograph alone.
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Ogata, Mitsuru, Leonor de Castro Monteiro Loffredo, Milton Carlos Kuga, and Gulnara Scaf. "Efficacy of three conditions of radiographic interpretation for assessment root canal length." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 1 (2005): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100017.

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OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of three conditions of image interpretation for radiographic root measurements and calculating the intra-observer reproducibility of the measurements. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty intra-operative periapical radiographs of maxillary central and lateral incisors were measured, in mm, from the tip of the file to the radiographic apex, using a caliper. Three separate measurements were made of the 30 radiographs. The three measurements for each tooth were averaged and the mean used for further calculations. After a 12-day period, the measurements were repeated. The three experimental viewing conditions used: 1) standard viewbox without masking of background light around the radiograph and without magnification (Visual); 2) standard viewbox with use of a magnifying lens of 2.5x and with background light masked (Magnification); and 3) viewer device that restricts room lighting and enlarges the image by a magnifying lens of 1.75x (Viewer). The mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated and used for descriptive analysis. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate intra-observer and inter-method agreement of the measurements. The measurement error was estimated by Dalhberg's formula. RESULTS: The ANOVA showed no significant differences between measurement sessions, viewing methods, or interaction between observation session and method (p>0.05). The intra-observer measurement error was 0.02 mm for Visual and the Magnification methods and 0.01 mm for the Viewer. CONCLUSION: There does not seem to be any advantage in using viewbox masking or magnification for measuring the distance between the end of the endodontic file and the root apex in maxillary incisors.
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Whalen, Mary. "Basic Approach to Reading a Radiograph in the Neonate." Neonatal Network 40, no. 1 (2021): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832/11-t-689.

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The radiograph is a cost-effective and minimally invasive testing mechanism used to assist clinicians in the diagnosis of many diseases that affect the newborn. However, radiographic interpretations can differ between radiologists and clinicians. The interpretation of findings is most accurate when considered in the context of the patient's clinical presentation, symptoms, and test results. This column presents readers with a basic approach to reading a radiograph as well as a guide to interpreting both chest and abdominal x-rays.
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15

Delagrammaticas, Dimitri E., George Ochenjele, Brett D. Rosenthal, Benjamin Assenmacher, David W. Manning, and Michael D. Stover. "Intraoperative evaluation of acetabular cup position during anterior approach total hip arthroplasty: are we accurately interpreting?" HIP International 30, no. 1 (2019): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700019868665.

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Introduction: Intraoperative radiographic evaluation during total hip arthroplasty (THA) has shown to improve the accuracy of acetabular component placement, however, differences in interpretation based on radiographic technique has not been established. This study aims to determine if differences exist in the interpretation of acetabular component abduction and anteversion between different radiographic projections. Methods: 55 consecutive direct anterior THAs in 49 patients were prospectively enrolled. Target anteversion and abduction was defined by the Lewinnek zone. Fluoroscopy was used to direct acetabular component placement intraoperatively. After final cup implantation, fluoroscopic posterior-anterior hip and pelvis images were obtained for analysis. After completion of the procedure, an anterior-posterior plain pelvis radiograph was obtained in the operating room. Acetabulum component abduction and anteversion were postoperatively determined using specialised software on each of the 3 image acquisition methods. Results: Average acetabular cup abduction for intraoperative fluoroscopic posterior-anterior hip (FH), intraoperative fluoroscopic posterior-anterior pelvis (FP), and postoperative, standard, anteroposterior pelvis radiographs (PP) was 40.95° ± 2.87°, 38.87° ± 3.82° and 41.73° ± 2.96° respectively. The fluoroscopic hip and fluoroscopic pelvis tended to underestimate acetabular cup abduction compared to the postoperative pelvis ( p < 0.001). Average acetabular cup anteversion for FH, FP, and PP was 19.89° ± 4.87°, 24.38° ± 5.31° and 13.36° ± 3.52° respectively. Both the fluoroscopic hip and fluoroscopic pelvis overestimated anteversion compared to the AP pelvis, with a 6.38° greater mean value measurement for FH ( p < 0.001), and an 11° greater mean value measurement for FP ( p < 0.001). Conclusions: Fluoroscopic technique and differences between radiographic projections may result in discrepancies in component position interpretation. Our results support the use of the fluoroscopic posterior-anterior hip as the choice fluoroscopic imaging technique.
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Almazrooa, Soulafa, Nada O. Binmadi, Hanadi M. Khalifa, Fatima M. Jadu, Ahmed M. Jan, and Dalia E. Meisha. "The Agreement Rate between Radiographic Interpretation and Histopathologic Diagnosis of Jaw Lesions." Radiology Research and Practice 2019 (March 4, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4056359.

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Background. To determine the agreement rate between histopathologic diagnosis and radiographic interpretation of jaw lesions. Methods. Cases with jaw pathologies that have diagnostically adequate histopathologic samples and radiographic examinations were reviewed retrospectively. Two board-certified oral and maxillofacial pathologists (OMFP) independently determined the histopathologic diagnosis, while two board-certified oral and maxillofacial radiologists (OMFR) determined the radiographic interpretations independently. Then the histopathologic diagnosis and the radiographic interpretation were compared for agreement. Results. A total of 104 cases (53% females) were included with a mean age of 31 years. The agreement rate between histopathologic diagnosis and radiographic interpretation was 49%. OMFP required OMFR consultations to reach a diagnosis in 16% of cases. The most commonly encountered lesions were by far odontogenic cysts of inflammatory origin and the agreement for this disease category was 49.1%. However, agreement rates were highest for the disease category of tumors (62.5%). Conclusion. The agreement rate between OMFP and OMFR was higher for tumors than cysts. Agreement rates between OMFP and OMFR improved with efficient consultation between the two disciplines.
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17

WATT, J. P., J. C. MOÏSI, R. L. A. DONALDSON, et al. "Measuring the incidence of adult community-acquired pneumonia in a Native American community." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 8 (2010): 1146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809991464.

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SUMMARYFew population-based studies have investigated the epidemiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the incidence of CAP in a population at high-risk for pneumococcal disease and to evaluate a standardized method for interpreting chest radiographs adapted from the World Health Organization paediatric chest radiograph interpretation guidelines. We reviewed radiology records at the two healthcare facilities serving the White Mountain Apache tribe to identify possible pneumonia cases ⩾40 years of age. We categorized patients with clinical criteria and a physician diagnosis of pneumonia as clinical CAP and those with clinical criteria and an acute infiltrate as radiographic CAP. We identified 100 (27/1000 person-years) and 60 (16/1000 person-years) episodes of clinical and radiographic CAP, respectively. The incidence of CAP increased with age. Both radiographic and clinical CAP were serious illnesses with more than half of patients hospitalized. Our case definitions and methods may be useful for comparing data across studies and conducting vaccine trials.
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Sumida et al., Hiroomi. "Radiographic Examinations for Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions-Interpretation of Intraoral Radiographs-." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 64, no. 5 (2008): 617–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.64.617.

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19

van der Stelt, Paul F. "COMPUTER-ASSISTED INTERPRETATION IN RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS." Dental Clinics of North America 37, no. 4 (1993): 683–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(22)00249-x.

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20

Langlais, Robert P., Ivan E. Rodriguez, and Ivan Maselle. "PRINCIPLES OF RADIOGRAPHIC SELECTION AND INTERPRETATION." Dental Clinics of North America 38, no. 1 (1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-8532(22)00224-5.

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21

Cox, Val S., Cecil E. Brown, Steven L. Bricker, and Carl W. Newton. "Radiographic interpretation of endodontic file length." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology 72, no. 3 (1991): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4220(91)90230-a.

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22

Ilkhanipour, Kaveh, and David C. Seaberg. "Radiographic Interpretation by Emergency Medicine Residents." Academic Emergency Medicine 2, no. 12 (1995): 1113–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.1995.tb03160.x.

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23

Brunswick, J. Eric, Kaveh Ilkhanipour, David C. Seaberg, and Leasa McGill. "Radiographic interpretation in the emergency department." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 14, no. 4 (1996): 346–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0735-6757(96)90045-5.

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Thomas, Jonathan G., Steven W. Hwang, Todd J. Blumberg, et al. "Correlation between shunt series and scoliosis radiographs in children with myelomeningoceles." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 17, no. 5 (2012): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.8.spine12766.

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Object Over 85% of patients with myelomeningoceles require placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for hydrocephalus, and between 25% and 85% of these patients develop scoliosis. Although most patients undergo repeated shunt series radiography to evaluate for device malfunction, scoliosis radiographs are less consistently obtained. The authors sought to determine if a correlation exists between these 2 radiographic techniques for a given patient, as shunt series are obtained with the patient supine, whereas scoliosis radiographs are acquired with the patient standing upright. The authors also endeavored to study if shunt series radiographs can reliably detect significant scoliosis. Methods The authors retrospectively reviewed a single institution's series of 593 patients with myelomeningoceles and identified all patients in whom a shunt series and scoliosis radiographs were obtained within a 6-month period. They reviewed the medical records and radiographs of these patients for demographic and radiographic parameters. They then applied a linear regression model and determined shunt series curve cutoffs to detect scoliotic curves greater than 20° and 50°. Results Of the 593 patients identified, 116 did not have radiographs available for interpretation. Of the remaining 477 patients, 201 had radiographic evidence of scoliosis (42%), and 66 had both a shunt series and a scoliosis radiographs acquired within a 6-month interval. In 4 patients, both end vertebrae of the scoliotic curve could not be visualized on a single radiograph. The mean age of the remaining cohort was 10.6 ± 5.2 years and the mean curve magnitude was 58° ± 37°. Using identical end vertebrae, the mean shunt series curve magnitude was 49° ± 35°. The mean interval between both radiographs was 2.3 ± 3.3 months. The regression model showed a strong linear association between shunt series and scoliosis series curves. A curve greater than 19° on shunt series radiographs would detect significant curves of greater than 20° on scoliosis series with 91% sensitivity and 78% specificity. A shunt series curve greater than 37° had 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity in identifying significant scoliotic curves greater than 50°. Conclusions Although shunt series radiographs may not precisely depict scoliotic curve magnitude because the impact of gravity is negated, they may be useful in helping to confirm clinical suspicion of scoliosis. The authors' results suggest a strong correlation between both types of radiographs.
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EL BOUACHRAOUI, EL BOUACHRAOUI, Maria MTALSI, Mouna HAMZA, Mohammed ALSBBAH, Sid’ahmed DEDAH, and Samira ELARABI. "INTERPRETATION OF PERIAPICAL RADIOGRAPHS IN PEDIATRIC ODONTOLOGY: A STUDY OF PREDOCTORAL DENTAL STUDENTS AT FDC." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 5 (2022): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i5.2022.4602.

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In pediatric dentistry, intra oral periapical radiography is a useful or even indispensable diagnostic aid before any treatment and therefore an essential part of pre-doctoral training. A study was carried out among the students in the process of completing their thesis at the Faculty of Dental Medicine of Casablanca (FMDC), with the objective of determining their abilities and aptitudes as well as their weaknesses and limitations with regard to the interpretation of a periapical radiograph taken in children. The present study involved a sample of 30 students randomly selected and assembled in a room willing to fill out survey forms and shown a POWER POINT presentation of periapical radiographs. The results showed that 83.3% of the students were able to identify technical pitfalls, 93.3% were able to recognize oral anatomical structures, and 96.7% were able to detect carious and traumatic pathology on the radiographic images. However, some deficiencies were reported such as the ability to identify certain anatomical traps such as the maxillary sinus and the chin hole as well as the ability to detect apical complications of dental pathology. In order to remedy the observed weaknesses and to strengthen the students' skills, it is necessary to revise the teaching methods and to make available new technical means.
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Halldin, Cara N., Janet M. Hale, David J. Blackley, and A. Scott Laney. "Radiographic features of importance in the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health-administered Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program: characterising the use of the ‘other symbols’." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (2017): e015876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015876.

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ObjectiveThe National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health-administered Coal Workers’ Health Surveillance Program (CWHSP) provides radiographic pneumoconiosis screening for US coal miners. Radiographs are classified by readers according to International Labour Office criteria. In addition to pneumoconiotic parenchymal and pleural lung abnormalities, readers document radiographic features of importance (other symbols). Other symbols are not meant to imply a diagnosis or interpretation but are relevant as they provide information beyond a pneumoconiosis classification for features related to dust exposure and other aetiologies. Our objective was to summarise other symbol data from 48 years of CWHSP participants.MethodsChest radiograph classifications obtained from CWHSP participants between July 1968 and July 2016 were analysed. Any ‘other symbol’ indication from any of the readings were counted. Frequencies were tabulated by individual reader and those identified by any reader.ResultsOf the 469 922 radiographs included in this study, nearly 15% had at least one reader identify a radiographic feature of importance. The most commonly identified other symbol was cancer (excluding mesothelioma) (6.83%), followed by emphysema (1.68%). Some features were rarely identified over the 48 years of data collection such as rheumatoid pneumoconiosis (n=46), pneumothorax (n=32), mesothelioma (n=12) and rounded atelectasis (n=4).ConclusionsThis is the largest study to date describing radiographic features of importance as part of routine chest radiographic surveillance. While these symbols are not diagnostic they can be used to describe features associated with dust exposure. One of the most commonly identified radiographic features in our population is emphysema which is associated with respirable dust exposure. These results can be compared with other dust exposed populations.
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Aldous DDS, MS, Jay A., Gary Lowder DDS, and Jerald Boseman DDS. "Evaluation of a Caries Detecting Software System." Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences 19, no. 3 (2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ijds.v19i3.29161.

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The diagnostic accuracy of caries detecting software that assesses density in digital radiographs was questioned. Analysis of radiographs of extracted teeth using Logicon revealed a deviation in specificity for caries from visual examination of the teeth as well as from their radiographic images. Subsequent preparation of teeth similar to a clinical preparation for a restoration revealed a marked deviation from the Logicon analysis. Radiographic interpretation of early caries and resultant treatment decisions are a multifaceted complex process that is not simplified by desired but unreliable current computerized technique.
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Oyedeji, A. I., B. J. Adenle, and O. I. Ifeka. "Assessment On Digital Imaging Enhancement For Radiographic Interpretation." Advances in Multidisciplinary and scientific Research Journal Publication 29 (December 15, 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22624/aims/abmic2021p11.

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In recent time digital imaging systems are the most commonly utilized technology in the field of radiology. The screen-film radiography systems are almost replaced by digital radiography. In which the image quality should be optimized while lower radiation dose is maintained according to the properties of the specific imaging system. Therefore, it is essential to regularly investigate image quality to ensure correct and accurate image interpretation assessment. This research is aimed to assess the factors that influence image quality and to recognize the different evaluation methods and their corresponding approaches that are used for system performance. Resolution describes the ability of medical imaging process to discriminate adjacent structures in organ tissues being examined. Signal from detected photon should be recorded with sufficient resolution in space, intensity and possibly time to produce a digital image that enables a medical interpretation of tissue structure and function. The anatomical and physiological characteristics of the region being imaged are considered to be the intrinsic factors of image contrast, which are called intrinsic, subject, object, or patient contrast. Low intrinsic contrast tissues such as breast tissues have very subtle differences in composition. In radiography, the physical properties of atomic number, physical density differences among different tissues and patient thickness influence intrinsic or subject contrast. Imaging methods and techniques are the second major factor which control image contrast. Will be more appropriate to select careful exposure techniques for specific tissues and for certain purposes greatly enhances image contrast to obtain the desired information. The only way to optimize image quality parameters while maintaining low radiation dose is to deeply understand the effects of these parameters on each other, the influence factors and their impact on the radiation dose for each different digital radiographic systems.[5] Keywords: Assessment, Image Enhancement, Radiology, Digital, Technology
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Rockenbach, Maria Ivete Bolzan, Gustavo Andary Riethmüller, Rafael Chies Hartmann, and Aline Rose Cantarelli Morosolli. "Radiographic interpretation of changes in the tooth and adjacent bone tissue using the tools of the Moodle virtual environment." Revista da ABENO 22, no. 2 (2022): 1627. http://dx.doi.org/10.30979/revabeno.v22i2.1627.

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Virtual learning environments (VLEs) have numerous possibilities for the use of their tools and can assist in the processes of teaching and learning about the radiographic image interpretation. This study aimed to evaluate the use of a virtual learning environment as a support material for students in the discipline of Dental Radiology. This radiographic interpretation was conducted to contribute to the knowledge and training of the changes in the tooth and adjacent bone tissue, visualized in periapical and interproximal radiographs. The scores of the virtual test (via the Moodle platform) and the interpretation test (in the classroom) were used to compare Group Number 1 (students that performed the virtual test before the classroom test) and Group Number 2 (students that performed the virtual test after the classroom test). It was observed that, in general, the mean score of the interpretation test was higher than the virtual. Also, 66% of the students used the platform as the main resource to follow the discipline, due to the possibility of reviewing the contents and activities. The virtual learning environment can be considered an important complementary source for teaching radiographic interpretation. The Moodle platform acts as a remarkable tool, with the potential capacity to support the teaching and learning process. For this, mutual collaboration among students, University, and educational institution is necessarily required for the constant use, maintenance, and updating of the virtual environment.
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Wigger, A., B. Tellhelm, M. Zwick, et al. "Observer variability and sensitivity of radiographic diagnosis of canine medial coronoid disease." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 39, no. 05 (2011): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1623595.

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Summary Objective: Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a very common form of elbow joint disease and it’s radiographic diagnosis can be challenging since it is frequently based on the detection of rather subtle primary or secondary changes than on a large primary lesion. We hypothesized that accuracy of radiographic diagnosis of MCD is highly dependent on training and experience level. Methods: Radiographs of 102 canine elbows were evaluated for MCD by four observers with different levels of training and experience. All elbows underwent CT scans and arthroscopy. Sensitivity and specificity of radiographic and CT interpretation was determined using arthroscopy as a gold standard. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement (reliability and repeatability) were assessed by using Cohen’s Kappa (κ) statistic. Results: The sensitivity (92.4–96.7%) of the two experienced observers was almost comparable to that of CT (100%) and significantly higher than that of the two less experienced observers (77.2–80.4%). Reliability of the radiographic diagnosis of MCD was better between observers with higher experience level (κ = 0.74) than between observers of lower or different experience levels (κ =0.07–0.42). Repeatability was better in experienced (κ = 0.73–0.88) than in less experienced observers (κ = 0.31–0.42). Conclusion: Our results confirm that training and experience play important roles in reaching high sensitivity, reliability and repeatability for the radiographic diagnosis of MCD. Clinical relevance: Although radiography is inferior to CT in imaging of the medial coronoid process itself, sensitivity of radiographic diagnosis MCD can be significantly improved with observer experience almost reaching that of CT. Therefore, it is advised that radiographic screening for MCD should be performed by specialists experienced in the radiographic evaluation of elbow joint disease.
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Machado, Fabio Pereira, Jose Eduardo Figueiredo Dornelles, Stella Rausch, Róger Jean Oliveira, Priscila Rockenbach Portela, and Ana Luísa Schifino Valente. "Osteology and radiology of the thoracic limb of nine-banded armadillo, dasypus novemcinctus linnaeus, 1758." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 1 (2023): 3658–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n1-252.

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In Brazil, injured nine-banded armadillos are frequently taken to wildlife rehabilitation centers due to direct or indirect anthropic interactions, however, database about osseous structures useful to radiographic interpretation are limited. This work provides bones description from thoracic limb of Dasypus novemcinctus as well as references to radiographic interpretation and the best positioning to perform the radiographies. Twelve deceased specimens seized by IBAMA (Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources) were used to check osteology and radiographic anatomy. Radiographic images were taken in practical routine plans of small animals and were followed by limbs dissection and bones preparations. The bone structure of the thoracic limb was similar to those of other species of armadillos. The scapula presented a prominent caudal angle, as well as a thick acromion with a wide hamate process; the humerus is short, spiraled with a prominent deltoid tuberosity and a wide lateral epicondylar crest; the radius and ulna did not present any fusion between then, allowing a wide rotation movement of the forearm. In general, the bone components of the hand maintained a short and robust shape, digits with developed distal phalange followed by long claws. Several sesamoid bones were found in the metacarpal and interphalangical joints. Clear visualization of bone characteristics was possible using proposed positioning to take the radiographies.
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Bogaerts, Evelien, Elke Van der Vekens, Geert Verhoeven, et al. "Intraobserver and interobserver agreement on the radiographical diagnosis of canine cranial cruciate ligament rupture." Veterinary Record 182, no. 17 (2018): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.104523.

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Even though radiography is one of the most frequently used imaging techniques for orthopaedic disorders, it has been demonstrated that the interpretation can vary between assessors. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the intraobserver and interobserver agreement and the influence of level of expertise on the interpretation of radiographs of the stifle in dogs with and without cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). Sixteen observers, divided in four groups according to their level of experience, evaluated 30 radiographs (15 cases with CCLR and 15 control stifles) twice. Each observer was asked to evaluate joint effusion, presence and location of degenerative joint disease, joint instability and whether CCLR was present or absent. Overall, intraobserver and interobserver agreement ranged from fair to almost perfect with a trend towards increased agreement for more experienced observers. Additionally, it was found that stifles that were classified with high agreement have either overt disease characteristics or no disease characteristics at all, in comparison to the ones that are classified with a low agreement. Overall, the agreement on radiographic interpretation of CCLR was high, which is important, as it is the basis of a correct diagnosis and treatment.
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Kim, Irene H., Steven R. Singer, Derek J. Hong, and Mel Mupparapu. "Fundamentals of Radiographic Interpretation for the Dentist." Dental Clinics of North America 65, no. 3 (2021): 409–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2021.02.001.

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34

Owens, Catherine M. "Chest Radiographic Interpretation in Pediatric Cardiac Patients." Acta Radiologica 51, no. 10 (2010): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02841851.2010.515126.

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Baik, Jun Hyun, Jeong Min Ko, and Hyun Jin Park. "Pitfalls in Radiographic Interpretation of Emphysema Patients." Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 67, no. 3 (2016): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carj.2015.09.015.

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Emphysema commonly accompanies various complications such as pneumonia. Sometimes, these comorbidities look so strange on images, because destroyed airspaces could change the usual disease progression. So, we demonstrated various cases of common comorbidities with unusual radiographic findings in emphysema patients. Awareness of various findings of emphysema with commonly coexistent diseases may aid in the proper diagnosis and management of emphysema patients.
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36

Veidis, Mikelis V. "Metallographic interpretation of radiographic examination of rectifiers." Materials Characterization 24, no. 1 (1990): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1044-5803(90)90072-r.

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37

Harvey, Colin E., and Bonnie M. Flax. "Feline Oral–Dental Radiographic Examination and Interpretation." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice 22, no. 6 (1992): 1279–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-5616(92)50127-9.

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de Groot, Patricia M., Brett W. Carter, Gerald F. Abbott, and Carol C. Wu. "Pitfalls in Chest Radiographic Interpretation: Blind Spots." Seminars in Roentgenology 50, no. 3 (2015): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.ro.2015.01.008.

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Stillwater, Laurence, Brett Memauri, Imran Ratanshi, Avinash Islur, and Thelina Amaratunga. "Radiographic interpretation of carpometacarpal arthroplasty: correlation between radiographic loosening and clinical outcome." Skeletal Radiology 46, no. 8 (2017): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-017-2648-z.

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Andre Yonathan Purba, Mellisa Sim, and Phimatra Jaya Putra. "Incidence of Hard Tissue Disease on Periapical Radiographic Examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital Medan Indonesia." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 6, no. 4 (2022): 1604–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37275/bsm.v6i4.481.

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Background. Caries is a chronic infection of dental hard tissue. The development of caries is not limited to the tooth area, but caries can progress to the pulp chamber resulting in periapical lesions and abnormalities if not treated. Early detection of oral disease through radiographic examination is important, one of which is through periapical radiography.
 Methods. This type of research is descriptive. The sample of this research is periapical radiography of cases of hard tissue disease at Prima Oral Dental Hospital period April – May 2021 as many as 78 photos. Sampling in this study was done by random sampling. Data were analyzed descriptively.
 Results. Based on the interpretation of 78 photos periapical radiographs, it was found that the highest number of caries cases at Prima Oral Dental Hospital was superficial caries as much as 48.7%, followed by media caries as much as 43.6% and profunda caries only 7.7%. The mean and standard deviation of superficial caries depth was 3.51±1.348; medium caries 6.88±1.122 and profunda caries 10.00±1.549.
 Conclusion. Superficial caries is the most caries case found on periapical radiographic examination at Prima Oral Dental Hospital, while profunda caries is the least caries case.
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41

Anholm, James D., Eric N. C. Milne, Paul Stark, Jonathan C. Bourne, and Paul Friedman. "Radiographic evidence of interstitial pulmonary edema after exercise at altitude." Journal of Applied Physiology 86, no. 2 (1999): 503–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1999.86.2.503.

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Pulmonary function abnormalities after exercise are suggestive of pulmonary edema; however, radiographic evidence is lacking. Well-trained cyclists were studied to determine whether there is radiographic evidence of pulmonary edema after endurance exercise (cycling distance 5.3–131.5 km) at altitude. Chest radiographs obtained before exercise were coded for later interpretation. Films obtained after exercise were coded with a different number. A total of 74 sets of posteroanterior and lateral films were analyzed by three radiologists for signs of pulmonary edema. Radiographic changes were graded on a three-point scale. An edema score was calculated by summing the score for each individual radiographic finding for each radiologist and an overall edema score representing the mean scores from all three radiologists. The overall edema score increased from 0.8 ± 1.2 before exercise to 1.8 ± 1.6 after exercise ( P < 0.01). These results suggest that, after prolonged high-intensity exercise at moderate altitude, there is radiographic evidence of early pulmonary edema in some cyclists.
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42

Naulakha, Deependra, Manish Agrawal, and Nootan Naulakha. "Determination of Tooth Length Variation Of Maxillary Canine - An Analytical Study." Journal of Nobel Medical College 3, no. 1 (2015): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12236.

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Aim: The Aim of this study was to assess the variation in anatomical tooth length of maxillary canine, irrespective of sex, in patient's presenting at NMCTH, Biratnagar, Nepal. Methodology: A total of 30 Endodontically treated maxillary canine were included in this study. Preoperative radiographs were taken initially for finding the canal length. Radiographic interpretation (IOPA X-rays) and mathematical calculation, proposed by Ingles and messing, were used to observe and measure the length of individual root canal for tooth length. An endodontic access was prepared and pulp tissue was extirpated. A working length radiograph was taken with a file in the canal and the radiographic working length was established. Results: This study revealed that the maximum, minimum and average tooth length of maxillary canine is 30mm, 18mm and 22.91 mm respectively. Conclusion: The result indicates that the study previously performed by different researchers and those given in the different textbook of endodontics showed that the tooth length is shorter than the caucasoid counterpart.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jonmc.v3i1.12236Journal of Nobel Medical CollegeVol. 3, No.1 Issue 6, 2014, Page: 40-45
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43

Maruhashi, Kazuo, Takashi Honjoya, and Chieko Satomi. "Radiographic Examinations for Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions—Interpretation of Panoramic Radiography & Plain Radiography—." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 64, no. 7 (2008): 833–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.64.833.

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44

Lollis, S. S., A. C. Mamourian, T. J. Vaccaro, and A. C. Duhaime. "Programmable CSF Shunt Valves: Radiographic Identification and Interpretation." American Journal of Neuroradiology 31, no. 7 (2010): 1343–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3174/ajnr.a1997.

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45

Turen, Clifford H., LCDR James B. Mark, and CDR Raymond Bozman. "Comparative Analysis of Radiographic Interpretation of Orthopedic Films." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 39, no. 4 (1995): 720–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199510000-00019.

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46

Bischoff, Matthew G. "Radiographic techniques and interpretation of the acute abdomen." Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice 18, no. 1 (2003): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1096-2867(03)90021-1.

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47

Concepcion, Nathan David P., Bernard F. Laya, Savvas Andronikou, et al. "Standardized radiographic interpretation of thoracic tuberculosis in children." Pediatric Radiology 47, no. 10 (2017): 1237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-017-3868-z.

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48

Lamb, C. R., D. U. Pfeiffer, and P. Mantis. "Errors in Radiographic Interpretation Made by Veterinary Students." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 34, no. 2 (2007): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jvme.34.2.157.

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49

Beregi, A., F. Felkai, V. Molnár, Zs Szentgáli, and F. Bíró. "DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY OF PET AND WILD BIRDS: A REVIEW – II. INDICATIONS OF RADIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION AND RADIOGRAPHS OF PATHOLOGICAL LESIONS." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 47, no. 4 (1999): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/avet.47.1999.4.1.

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The second part of the review dealing with the diagnostic radiology of pet and wild birds discusses the indications of radiological examination, the interpretation of radiographs taken of pathological lesions, and the differential diagnosis of such lesions. Radiology has paramount importance in the diagnosis of diseases affecting the skeletal, digestive, respiratory, urogenital and cardiovascular systems. Certain diseases (shortage of grits, ovarian cysts) cannot be recognised without radiography. Other conditions (e.g. Macaw Wasting Disease, renal tumours, egg retention) require this complementary diagnostic method for confirmation of a suspicion based upon the clinical signs. Radiographic examination is also indicated for follow-up of the surgical management of bone fractures and for facilitating the implantation of transponders aimed at individual identification of the birds.
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Miranda, Ana Clara G., Caio César Paes Monteiro, Maria Luiza Câmara Pires, and Luiz Eduardo Correia Miranda. "Radiological Imaging Interpretation Skills of Medical Interns." Revista Brasileira de Educação Médica 43, no. 3 (2019): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-52712015v43n3rb20180189.

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ABSTRACT Background Medical students’ skills in radiographic image interpretation is neither known nor assessed in the case of most medical schools in Brazil. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess intern students’ performance in the interpretation of radiographic images of the chest and abdomen. Methods A 10-item test was developed using non-contrasted radiological images from the chest and abdomen. Internship students from two public medical schools (Classroom Group, n=50) and doctors (Control Group, n=20) answered the test. A third group (Online Group, n=38) composed of students from different medical schools answered a web-based form with the same 10-item test. Results Doctors and students were able to accurately interpret only 30% of the radiographic images; 50% of the students and 30% of the doctors performed poorly. The rest produced average levels of performance. There were minimal differences between the Classroom and Online Groups. A point-by-point analysis of their answers has been presented and discussed. Conclusion Efforts must be made, including the framing of medical curricula interventions, to improve student interns’ skills in radiological image interpretation.
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