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Christman, RA, and P. Ly. "Radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 4 (1990): 177–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-4-177.
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Normal radiographic anatomy of the first metatarsal bone is established through cadaver dissection, examination of bone specimens, and radiography. Extra-articular and distal articular anatomical landmarks are identified with wire markers. Dorsoplantar, lateral, lateral oblique, and medial oblique radiographs of 15 osteologic sites are presented, including the articular margins of the first metatarsal head, the borders of the three diaphyseal surfaces, the origins of the metatarsophalangeal collateral and metatarsosesamoid suspensory ligaments, and the insertions of the first cuneiform-metatarsal joint ligaments and the tibialis anterior and peroneus longus tendons. The correlation of gross anatomy and radiographs is described.
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Curylo, Lukasz J., Charles Edwards, and Ronald W. DeWald. "Radiographic Markers in Spondyloptosis." Spine 27, no. 18 (2002): 2021–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-200209150-00010.
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Galler, L., and W. Portner. "Radiographic markers in grafts." Radiology 180, no. 2 (1991): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.180.2.2068337.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.
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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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VLAD, STEVEN C., TUHINA NEOGI, PIRAN ALIABADI, JOÃO D. T. FONTES, and DAVID T. FELSON. "No Association Between Markers of Inflammation and Osteoarthritis of the Hands and Knees." Journal of Rheumatology 38, no. 8 (2011): 1665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.100971.
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Objective.Local inflammation plays a prominent role in osteoarthritis (OA). This could be reflected in the presence of elevated soluble inflammatory markers. We conducted analyses to assess the association of inflammatory markers with radiographic OA of the hands and knees in a large community-based cohort.Methods.The Framingham Offspring cohort consists of the adult children of the original cohort and their spouses. In 1998–2001 these subjects provided blood specimens that were tested for 17 markers of systemic inflammation. In 2002–2005 these subjects had radiographs of both knees and hands. Each hand and knee joint was assigned a Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) score (0–4). We used logistic regression with generalized estimating equations and adjustment for age, sex, and body mass index to examine the association between each inflammatory marker and the presence of radiographic OA (ROA = KL grade ≥ 2) in any joint. We also constructed models for hand joints and knee joints alone.Results.Radiographs and measures of inflammation were done for 1235 subjects (56% women, mean age 65 yrs). Of that group, 729 subjects (59%) had ROA in ≥ 1 hand or knee joint: 179 (14.3%) had knee OA, and 694 (56.2%) had hand OA. There were no significant associations between any marker of inflammation and ROA.Conclusion.In this large sample, in which OA was carefully assessed and multiple markers measured, we found no evidence of an association between any inflammatory marker and the presence of radiographic OA.
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Bernholt, David, Joseph D. Lamplot, Eric Eutsler, and Jeffrey J. Nepple. "Utility of Merchant View Radiographs for Assessment of TT-TG: A Comparison to MRI." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 7_suppl4 (2018): 2325967118S0007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118s00075.
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Objectives: Lateralization of the tibial tubercle plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of patellar instability and is most often assessed by the tibial tubercle to trochlear groove distance (TT-TG) measured on CT or MRI with the knee in extension. However, tracking of the patella in 30 to 45 degrees of flexion has been suggested to be of greater clinical significance. Merchant radiographs can demonstrate the position of the tibial tubercle relative to the trochlear groove in this range of flexion and thus may serve as a valuable tool in the assessment of patellar tracking. The purpose of the current study was (1) to validate radiographic assessment of the merchant view TT-TG and (2) to determine the correlation with MRI-based measurements. Methods: To validate Merchant TT-TG as a marker of the position of the tibial tubercle, 41 patients between the ages of 10-18 had standardized Merchant radiographs in 45 degrees flexion yielding imaging of 82 knees. Lead markers were placed upon the skin centered over the tibial tubercle based on palpation. Radiographs were collected and analyzed. The TT-TG was measured as the distance between lines centered over the deepest point of the trochlear groove and the center of the tibial tubercle and perpendicular to the anterior condylar axis. In order to correlate Merchant TT-TG to MRI TT-TG, 16 additional patients were added to reach a total of 30 patients with a Merchant radiograph and MRI, as power calculation determined 29 knees needed to detect a Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) of .500. There was excellent interobserver reliability between two readers for Merchant TT-TG with and without use of a radiographic marker (ICC = .975 and .923 respectively). Results: The tibial tubercle could be identified on Merchant radiograph in 67 images (81.7%). Merchant TT-TG measured with use of a marker was very strongly correlated measurement based on bony landmarks alone (PCC = .848). The Merchant TT-TG measured with bony landmarks alone was strongly correlated to MRI TT-TG (PCC = .602). The strength of this correlation was increased by standardizing TT-TG by patellar width (PCC = .710). MRI TT-TG was increased in patients with patellar instability at 13.9 mm compared to 10.5 mm (p <.01); Merchant TT-TG was also increased in patients with patellar instability at 9.1 mm compared to 1.9 mm (p < .001). Conclusion: Standardized Merchant radiographs without radiographic markers allow for assessment of TT-TG in the majority of patients. Merchant TT-TG strongly correlates with MRI TT-TG but measured 5-8 mm smaller than MRI TT-TG.
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Tugwell, Jenna, and Adele Maddison. "Radiographic markers – A reservoir for bacteria?" Radiography 17, no. 2 (2011): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.radi.2010.10.005.
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Zinreich, Simion J., Eva S. Zinreich, and Rex Bare. "5469847 Radiographic multi-modality skin markers." Magnetic Resonance Imaging 14, no. 5 (1996): VII. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0730-725x(96)90026-0.
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Sharma, A., P. Gilbert, J. Campbell, et al. "Radiographic landmarks for measurement of cranial tibial subluxation in the canine cruciate ligament deficient stifle." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 25, no. 06 (2012): 478–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-12-02-0017.
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SummaryObjectives: The primary objective was to develop a repeatable radiographic technique for assessment of cranial tibial subluxation (CTS) and test the intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability of the chosen landmarks. A secondary objective was to determine the effects of digital radiographic magnification on CTS measurement repeatability.Methods: Twenty-three normal canine pelvic limbs were used to determine the magnitude of CTS before and after transection of the cranial cruciate ligament. Mediolateral radiographs were taken with and without fiduciary markers in place. Three investigators measured the CTS using radiographically visible anatomic landmarks at two different magnifications. The total observed variabilities were assessed by inter-observer and intra-observer differences. Paired t-tests were used to determine the effect of magnification and marker presence on CTS measures.Results: Measurement of the CTS from the caudal margin of the intercondylar fossa on the femur to the intercondylar eminence was the most repeatable. Poor correlation between the anatomic landmarks and the fiduciary bone markers was observed. We found no effect of magnification or presence or absence of bone markers on measurement of CTS.Clinical significance: Cranial tibial subluxation can be detected with the most repeatability by measuring between the caudal margin of the intercondylar fossa and the intercondylar eminence. Magnification of the digitized radiographic image had minimal effect on repeatability. This technique can be used for in vivo analysis of the canine cruciate ligament deficient stifle joint.
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Scheidt, Rodrigo Benedet, Carlos Roberto Galia, Cristiano Valter Diesel, Ricardo Rosito, and Carlos Alberto De Souza Macedo. "Prevalence of radiographic markers of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic adults." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 41, no. 1 (2014): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69912014000100008.
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OBJECTIVE: to determine the prevalence of radiographic signs of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in asymptomatic adults and correlate them with data from physical examinations. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study with 82 asymptomatic volunteers, 164 hips, between 40 and 60 years of age, selected by convenience. They were submitted to anamnesis and clinical examination of the hip, anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiographs with three incidences, Dunn 45° and Lequesne false profile of each hip, to measure the variables. We measured the alpha angle, anterior offset of the femoral neck, cervical diaphyseal angle, CE angle of Wiberg, acetabular index, Sharp angle, and the crossing, ischial spine and posterior wall signs. RESULTS: our sample consisted of 66% women, mean age of 50.4 years. The average alpha angle was 45.10°, SD=8.6. One quarter of the hips showed alpha angle greater than or equal to 50°; among men the prevalence was 34%, and among women, 11%. We found indicative radiographic signs of femoroacetabular impingement in 42.6% of hips, whether femoral or acetabular, and the increased alpha angle was related to the decrease in hip internal rotation (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: the radiographic findings of femoroacetabular impingement in asymptomatic patients were frequent in the studied sample. The increase in alpha angle was associated with decreased internal rotation.
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Laskey, W. K., and J. Gellman. "Inflammatory markers increase following exposure to radiographic contrast media." Acta Radiologica 44, no. 5 (2003): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1600-0455.2003.00119.x.
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Purpose: Increased levels of markers of systemic inflammation have been noted in patients following coronary angiographic procedures. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of the type of the angiographic procedure as well as the type of radiographic contrast media (RCM) on markers of inflammation. Material and Methods: Thirty-seven patients undergoing diagnostic or interventional coronary angiographic procedures were randomly assigned to receive one of three RCM − an ionic low osmolar agent; a non-ionic, iso-osmotic agent; or a non-ionic, low osmolar agent. Sera were analyzed at baseline (prior to receiving RCM), and at 2, 6 and 24 h thereafter for interleukin (IL)-6 and soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-1 and TNFα- 2. Results: Statistically significant increases over time in each RCM group were noted for IL-6 and both TNFα receptors. Comparable increases in inflammatory markers were observed in patients undergoing diagnostic angiography and in patients undergoing an associated coronary intervention. While these markers increased following exposure to both ionic and non-ionic RCM, there was a consistent trend towards lessened marker release with non-ionic RCM. Conclusion: Both diagnostic and interventional coronary angiographic procedures are associated with an increase in serum inflammatory markers. While both ionic and non-ionic RCM are associated with increases in serum inflammatory markers, this increase may be attenuated with non-ionic RCM.
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Roos, P. J., M. L. Hull, and S. M. Howell. "How Cyclic Loading Affects the Migration of Radio-Opaque Markers Attached to Tendon Grafts Using a New Method: A Study Using Roentgen Stereophotogrammetric Analysis (RSA)." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 126, no. 1 (2004): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1644568.
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An increase in anterior laxity following reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) can result from lengthening of the graft construct in either the regions of fixation and/or the region of the graft substance between the fixations. RSA could be a useful technique to determine lengthening in these regions if a method can be devised for attaching radio-opaque markers to soft tissue grafts so that marker migration from repeated loading of the graft is limited. Therefore, the objectives of this study were 1) to develop a method for attaching radio-opaque markers to an ACL graft that limits marker migration within the graft, 2) to characterize the error of an RSA system used to study migration, and 3) to determine the maximum amount of migration and the time when it occurs during cyclic loading of ACL grafts. Tendon markers were constructed from a 0.8-mm tantalum ball and a stainless steel suture. Ten double-looped tendon grafts were passed through tibial tunnels drilled in bovine tibias and fixed with a tibial fixation device. Two tendon markers were sewn to one tendon bundle of each graft and the grafts were cyclically loaded for 225,000 cycles from 20 N to 170 N. At specified intervals, simultaneous radiographs were obtained of the tendon markers and a radiographic standard of known length. The bias and imprecision in measuring the length of the radiographic standard were 0.0 and 0.046 mm respectively. Marker migration was computed as the change in distance between the two tendon markers along the axis of the tibial tunnel. Marker migration was greatest after 225,000 cycles with a root mean square (RMS) value of less than 0.2 mm. Because the RMS value indicates the error introduced into measurements of lengthening and because this error is small, the method described for attaching markers to an ACL graft has the potential to be useful for determining lengthening of ACL graft constructs in in vivo studies in humans.
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Hamilton, Adam, Faris Jamjoom, Simon Doliveux, German O. Gallucci, and Bernard Friedland. "Radiographic markers for merging virtual data sets." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 122, no. 1 (2019): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.08.007.
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Rhee, Chanseok, Tina Le Francois, J. W. Thomas Byrd, Mark Glazebrook, and Ivan Wong. "Radiographic Diagnosis of Pincer-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 5 (2017): 232596711770830. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117708307.
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Background: Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a well-recognized condition that causes hip pain and can lead to early osteoarthritis if not managed properly. With the increasing awareness and efficacy of operative treatments for pincer-type FAI, there is a need for consensus on the standardized radiographic diagnosis. Purpose: To perform a systematic review of the evidence regarding imaging modalities and radiographic signs for diagnosing pincer-type FAI. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A literature review was performed in 2016 using the Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase search engines. All articles focusing on a radiographic diagnosis of pincer-type FAI were reviewed. Each of the included 44 articles was assigned the appropriate level of evidence, and the particular radiographic marker and/or type of imaging were also summarized. Results: There were 44 studies included in the final review. Most of the articles were level 4 evidence (26 articles), and there were 12 level 3 and 6 level 2 articles. The crossover sign was the most commonly used radiographic sign (27/44) followed by the lateral center-edge angle (22/44). Anteroposterior (AP) pelvis plain radiographs were the most commonly used imaging modality (33 studies). Poor-quality evidence exists in support of most currently used radiographic markers, including the crossover sign, lateral center-edge angle, posterior wall sign, ischial spine sign, coxa profunda, acetabular protrusion, and acetabular index. There is poor-quality conflicting evidence regarding the use of the herniation pit to diagnose pincer-type FAI. Some novel measurements, such as β-angle, acetabular roof ratio, and acetabular retroversion index, have been proposed, but they also lack support from the literature. Conclusion: No strong evidence exists to support a single best set of current radiographic markers for the diagnosis of pincer-type FAI, largely due to the lack of better quality trials (levels 1 and 2) that compare conventional radiographic findings with the gold standard, which is the intraoperative findings. More sophisticated imaging modalities such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance arthrography are often needed to diagnose pincer-type FAI, and these investigations are relatively accurate in assessing labral pathology or cartilage damage.
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Hammer, H. Berner, S. Ødegård, S. W. Syversen, et al. "Calprotectin (a major S100 leucocyte protein) predicts 10-year radiographic progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 69, no. 01 (2008): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2008.103739.
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Background:Plasma levels of calprotectin, a major S100 leucocyte protein, are cross-sectionally associated with clinical and laboratory markers of inflammation and with radiographic damage in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). High amounts of calprotectin are found in synovial fluid from patients with RA.Objective:To examine whether calprotectin might be an independent predictor of joint destruction over time.Methods:124 patients with RA were assessed at baseline and after 10 years with inflammatory markers (calprotectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)), serological variables (antibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), IgA rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgM RF) and radiographic and clinical assessments of joint damage (hand radiographs and Rheumatoid Arthritis Articular Damage (RAAD) score). Progression of radiographic damage was assessed according to the van der Heijde modified Sharp score.Results:At both examinations the highest calprotectin levels were found in patients positive for anti-CCP, IgA and IgM RF. Calprotectin had moderate to good correlations with inflammatory and serological markers (r = 0.41–0.67). Patients with normal baseline calprotectin levels had a lower degree of joint damage. High univariate associations were found between baseline calprotectin levels and progression in the Sharp score as well as the RAAD score. Baseline calprotectin was independently associated with progression in the Sharp score and with the RAAD score in multiple linear regression analyses, including baseline levels of CRP, ESR, anti-CCP in addition to demographic variables.Conclusion:Calprotectin was an independent predictor of clinical and radiographic joint damage after 10 years. These findings support the proposal that calprotectin may be a prognostic biomarker for erosive disease in patients with RA.
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Ryan, Devon J., Nicholas D. Stekas, Ethan W. Ayres, et al. "Clinical photographs in the assessment of adult spinal deformity: a comparison to radiographic parameters." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 35, no. 1 (2021): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2020.11.spine201732.
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OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to reliably predict sagittal and coronal spinal alignment with clinical photographs by using markers placed at easily localized anatomical landmarks. METHODS A consecutive series of patients with adult spinal deformity were enrolled from a single center. Full-length standing radiographs were obtained at the baseline visit. Clinical photographs were taken with reflective markers placed overlying C2, S1, the greater trochanter, and each posterior-superior iliac spine. Sagittal radiographic parameters were C2 pelvic angle (CPA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), and pelvic tilt. Coronal radiographic parameters were pelvic obliquity and T1 coronal tilt. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the relationship between radiographic parameters and their photographic “equivalents.” The data were reanalyzed after stratifying the cohort into low–body mass index (BMI) (< 30) and high-BMI (≥ 30) groups. Interobserver and intraobserver reliability was assessed for clinical measures via intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS A total of 38 patients were enrolled (mean age 61 years, mean BMI 27.4 kg/m2, 63% female). All regression models were significant, but sagittal parameters were more closely correlated to photographic parameters than coronal measurements. TPA and CPA had the strongest associations with their photographic equivalents (both r2 = 0.59, p < 0.001). Radiographic and clinical parameters tended to be more strongly correlated in the low-BMI group. Clinical measures of TPA and CPA had high intraobserver reliability (all ICC > 0.99, p < 0.001) and interobserver reliability (both ICC > 0.99, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The photographic measures of spinal deformity developed in this study were highly correlated with their radiographic counterparts and had high inter- and intraobserver reliability. Clinical photography can not only reduce radiation exposure in patients with adult spinal deformity, but also be used to assess deformity when full-spine radiographs are unavailable.
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Pindrik, Jonathan, Brandon G. Rocque, Anastasia A. Arynchyna, James M. Johnston, and Curtis J. Rozzelle. "Radiographic markers of clinical outcomes after endoscopic third ventriculostomy with choroid plexus cauterization: cerebrospinal fluid turbulence and choroid plexus visualization." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, no. 3 (2016): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.3.peds15364.
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OBJECTIVE Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with choroid plexus (CP) cauterization (CPC) represents a viable treatment option for congenital hydrocephalus in infants younger than 2 years. Imaging studies complement clinical data in the evaluation of treatment success or failure. The objectives of this study were to investigate novel radiographic markers—cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) turbulence and CP visualization—and their ability to reflect or predict clinical outcomes following ETV/CPC. METHODS Hydrocephalic patients younger than 2 years who were initially treated by ETV/CPC at the senior authors' institution between March 2013 and February 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data, as well as the visualization of CSF turbulence and CP on pre- and postoperative fast-sequence MRI, were recorded. Radiographic images were reviewed by a blinded observer based on specific criteria for the visualization of CSF turbulence and CP. Data were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including Fisher's exact test for comparisons. The research team obtained appropriate institutional review board approval for this study, without the need for informed consent. RESULTS Among the 32 patients (53% male and 47% female) studied, 18 of 32 (56%) responded favorably to initial or repeat ETV/CPC, with 13 of 32 (41%) patients requiring 1 surgery. Of the 19 (59%) patients whose initial ETV/CPC failed, 8 of 19 (42%) patients underwent repeat ETV/CPC, with 5 of 8 (63%) patients responding favorably. Radiographic CSF turbulence appeared more frequently following ETV/CPC failure than after ETV/CPC success (55% vs 18%, respectively; p = 0.02). The sensitivity and specificity of CSF turbulence as a radiographic marker for ETV/CPC failure were 80% and 58%, respectively. The radiographic depiction of CP disappearance following ETV/CPC from pre- to postoperative imaging occurred in 20 of 30 patients (67%). Among the patients who responded unsuccessfully to ETV/CPC and ultimately required secondary shunt insertion, 71% (10 of 14 patients) demonstrated CP persistence on postoperative imaging. In contrast, 6% (1 of 18) of patients who were treated successfully by ETV/CPC demonstrated the presence of CP on follow-up imaging. This difference reached statistical significance (p = 0.0001). The visualization of CP persistence despite ETV/CPC reflected treatment failure with 91% sensitivity and 81% specificity. The sensitivity of either or both radiographic markers to suggest ETV/CPC failure was 77%, while their specificity (both markers absent, thereby indicating ETV/CPC success) was 81%. CONCLUSIONS Radiographic markers correlate with clinical outcomes following the treatment of infantile hydrocephalus with ETV/CPC. Specifically, CSF turbulence may indicate ongoing pathological CSF flow dynamics, while CP absence following ETV/CPC may predict shunt independence. Future studies that incorporate prospective review and formal intra- and interobserver reliability estimates may help corroborate the utility of these radiographic markers.
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Goronzy, J�rg J., Eric L. Matteson, James W. Fulbright, et al. "Prognostic markers of radiographic progression in early rheumatoid arthritis." Arthritis & Rheumatism 50, no. 1 (2004): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.11445.
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Laskey, W. K., and J. Gellman. "Inflammatory Markers Increase Following Exposure to Radiographic Contrast Media." Acta Radiologica 44, no. 5 (2003): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0455.2003.00119.x.
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Furey, Matthew J., Neil J. White, and Gurpreet S. Dhaliwal. "Scapholunate Ligament Injury and the Effect of Scaphoid Lengthening." Journal of Wrist Surgery 09, no. 01 (2019): 076–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3401014.
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Abstract Objective We hypothesized that lengthening the scaphoid in a model of scapholunate ligament injury (SLI) will result in correction of radiographic markers of dorsal intercalated segment instability (DISI) deformity. Materials and Methods An SLI with DISI deformity was created by sectioning the SL ligament, the palmar radiocarpal ligaments, and scapho-trapezio-trapezoid ligaments of a cadaveric upper extremity (n = 5). The wrist was radiographed in both anteroposterior and lateral planes to confirm creation of SLI and DISI. The scaphoid was then osteotomized at its waist. A series of grafts (1–8 mm) were then placed at the osteotomy site. Radiographs were completed at each length. The main outcome measures were scapholunate interval (SL, mm), scapholunate angle (SLA, degrees), and radiolunate angle (RLA, degrees). These values, measured following the insertion of varying graft lengths, were compared with baseline measurements taken “post-injury” status. Results The ability to create an SLI with DISI was confirmed in the postinjury group with a statistically significant change in RLA, SLA, and SL compared with preinjury. With osteotomy and progressive insertion of spacers, the values improved into the accepted normal ranges for RLA (6 mm) and SLA (4 mm) with scaphoid lengthening. Conclusions In this cadaveric model of SL injury, radiographic markers of DISI were returned to within normal ranges with scaphoid osteotomy and lengthening. Clinical Relevance The results of this study add insight into wrist kinematics in our injury model and may represent a potential future direction for surgical treatment of SLI.
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Richardson, E. Greer, Stanley C. Graves, J. Thomas McClure, and R. Tyler Boone. "First Metatarsal Head-Shaft Angle: A Method of Determination." Foot & Ankle 14, no. 4 (1993): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079301400401.
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The distal metatarsal angle (DMAA) is a measurement of the relationship between the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal and the articular surface of the metatarsal head. We measured the DMAA on radiographs with and without markers on the articular edges and compared them with measurements of the anatomic specimens. Based on the studies, the significance of the radiographic measurements to the actual DMAA and the normal distribution of the measurement were determined.
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Kertzscher, U., K. Affeld, and M. Scheckel. "Model Study of Blood Flow through a Stent in the Aorto-Iliac Bifurcation." International Journal of Artificial Organs 25, no. 12 (2002): 1153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880202501206.
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Atherosclerotic ailments play a major role in industrial societies. Atherosclerotic disease causes stenotic narrowing of the arterial vessel system. These narrow passages can be widened with balloon angioplasty and stents are introduced to keep the passage open. In this study, stents designed for the aorto-iliac bifurcation are considered. Most of these stents used in peripheral arteries are self-expanding stents made from Nitinol, a thermo-reactive alloy. The insertion is done under radiographic control. However, the delicate metallic structure of the stent usually casts only a weak radiographic shadow and thus is difficult to detect. A stent with an innovative radio opaque tantalum marker (Luminexx®, C.R. BARD – Angiomed, Karlsruhe), overcomes this problem. However, the markers extend into the blood flow and the question arises whether the markers may cause the generation of thrombi. In a model study in an enlarged model of the aorto-iliac bifurcation with an inserted stent the flow was visualized. The enlarged scale permits the observation and video recording of the flow in great detail. The Reynolds similarity is kept. A subsequent analysis of the flow in the vicinity of the markers shows a short residence time. These results indicate that the additional markers do not increase the risk of thrombus generation.
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Hansen, Anders E., Jonas R. Henriksen, Rasmus I. Jølck, et al. "Multimodal soft tissue markers for bridging high-resolution diagnostic imaging with therapeutic intervention." Science Advances 6, no. 34 (2020): eabb5353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb5353.
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Diagnostic imaging often outperforms the surgeon’s ability to identify small structures during therapeutic procedures. Smart soft tissue markers that translate the sensitivity of diagnostic imaging into optimal therapeutic intervention are therefore highly warranted. This paper presents a unique adaptable liquid soft tissue marker system based on functionalized carbohydrates (Carbo-gel). The liquid state of these markers allows for high-precision placement under image guidance using thin needles. Based on step-by-step modifications, the image features and mechanical properties of markers can be optimized to bridge diagnostic imaging and specific therapeutic interventions. The performance of Carbo-gel is demonstrated for markers that (i) have radiographic, magnetic resonance, and ultrasound visibility; (ii) are palpable and visible; and (iii) are localizable by near-infrared fluorescence and radio guidance. The study demonstrates encouraging proof of concept for the liquid marker system as a well-tolerated multimodal imaging marker that can improve image-guided radiotherapy and surgical interventions, including robotic surgery.
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Hao, Scarlett, Caitlin Takahashi, Rebecca A. Snyder, and Alexander A. Parikh. "Stratifying Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms by Cyst Fluid Analysis: Present and Future." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 3 (2020): 1147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21031147.
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A significant proportion of patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) undergo surgical resection in order to prevent or treat pancreatic cancer at the risk of significant perioperative morbidity. Efforts have been made to stratify the potential risk of malignancy based on the clinical and radiographic features of IPMN to delineate which cysts warrant resection versus observation. An analysis of the cyst fluid obtained by preoperative endoscopic examination appears to be correlative of cyst type and risk, whereas serum markers and radiographic findings have not yet reached a level of sensitivity or specificity that proves they are clinically meaningful. In this review, we investigate the current cyst fluid analysis studies and present those that have shown promise in effectively stratifying high-risk versus low-risk lesions. While new cyst fluid markers continue to be identified, additional efforts in testing panels and marker composites in conjunction with clinical algorithms have also shown promise in distinguishing dysplasia and the risk of malignancy. These should be tested prospectively in order to determine their role in guiding the surveillance of low-risk lesions and to evaluate the new markers detected by proteomics and genetic sequencing.
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Hakimian, David, Amal Khoury, Rami Mosheiff, Meir Liebergall, and Yoram A. Weil. "Radiographic markers for measuring tibial rotation based on CT-reconstructed radiographs: an accuracy and feasibility study." Skeletal Radiology 47, no. 4 (2017): 483–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00256-017-2810-7.
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SYVERSEN, SILJE W., GURO L. GOLL, DÉSIRÉE van der HEIJDE, et al. "Cartilage and Bone Biomarkers in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prediction of 10-year Radiographic Progression." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 2 (2009): 266–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.080180.
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Objective.As current predictors of joint destruction have low specificity, serological biomarkers reflecting bone and cartilage destruction have been proposed as tools in assessing prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined whether serum concentrations of a panel of biomarkers could predict radiographic progression in patients with RA.Methods.A cohort of 238 patients with RA was followed longitudinally for 10 years with collection of clinical data and serum samples. These analyses focus on the 136 patients with radiographs of the hands available at baseline and at 5 and/or 10 years. Radiographs were scored according to the van der Heijde-modified Sharp score (SHS). Baseline sera were analyzed for receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), osteoprotegerin (OPG), human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40), C2C, collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX-I), and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were used to identify predictors of radiographic progression.Results.Baseline CTX-I levels were higher in progressors [0.41 ng/ml (interquartile range 0.31–0.75)] than in nonprogressors [0.32 ng/ml (IQR 0.21–0.49)], and were independently associated with 10-year change in radiographic damage score [ß = 16.4 (IQR 5.7–27.1)]. We found no association between radiographic progression and baseline serum levels of RANKL, OPG, C2C, YKL-40, or COMP.Conclusion.This longterm followup study of patients with RA indicates a relationship between elevated CTX-I levels in serum and subsequent joint destruction. This association was, however, weak, and our study does not support that serum CTX-I or any of the other tested biomarkers will serve as more useful prognostic markers than current predictors such as anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide, radiographic damage early in the disease course, and signs of inflammation.
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Morgan, Anthony, Peter S. Kim, and Robert A. Christman. "Radiographic Anatomy of the Talus." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 93, no. 6 (2003): 449–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-93-6-449.
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Detailed radiographic anatomy of the entire talus bone has not been previously described in the literature. We used radiopaque wire markers to identify 17 articular and nonarticular anatomical landmarks of the talus. Standard radiographic views of the foot and ankle were obtained: lateral (foot and ankle); anteroposterior, mortise, medial oblique, and lateral oblique (ankle); and dorsoplantar, medial oblique, and lateral oblique (foot). The resultant two-dimensional images are correlated to the three-dimensional anatomical specimen, and normal radiographic anatomy is described. Additionally, useful radiographic views for each anatomical landmark are identified. Composite figures of each useful view are presented as a pictorial atlas. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 93(6): 449-480, 2003)
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Valette, J. P., C. Robert, M. P. Toquet, J. M. Denoix, and G. Fortier. "Evolution of some biochemical markers of growth in relation to osteoarticular status in young horses: results of a longitudinal study in three breeds." Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 4, no. 1 (2007): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478061507747758.
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AbstractOsteocalcin (OC), bone fraction of alkaline phosphatases (BAP) and hydroxyproline (HOP) are markers of bone cell activity. The kinetics of these markers and the analysis of their variations could be related to the osteoarticular status (OAS) of young horses. The growth of Thoroughbreds, French Trotters and Selle Français horses was followed up to 18 months. Blood samples were taken regularly to measure OC, HOP and BAP by standardized techniques. The OAS was evaluated by radiographic examination of the limbs. Based on radiographic findings, two groups of horses were investigated, with no lesions or severely affected. Analysis of variance was used to detect the effects of age and breed, and OAS on parameters. The logarithmic model was used to determine the kinetics of the markers. A rapid decrease in marker concentrations with age and differences between breed was observed. At birth, BAP, OC and HOP concentrations were significantly higher in normal horses (1910 UI l− 1, 192 ng ml− 1 and 35 mg l− 1, respectively) than in horses with severe lesions (1620 UI l− 1, 149 ng ml− 1 and 24 mg l− 1, respectively). During the first 6 months, OC, HOP and BAP remained lower in severely affected horses.
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URSUM, JENNIE, MIGNON A. C. van der WEIJDEN, DIRKJAN van SCHAARDENBURG, et al. "IL10 GGC Haplotype Is Positively and HLA-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 Is Negatively Associated with Radiographic Progression in Undifferentiated Arthritis." Journal of Rheumatology 37, no. 7 (2010): 1431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090913.
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Objective.In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), many genetic markers, such as the shared-epitope (SE) alleles, are described in association with radiographic progression, but limited data are available on undifferentiated arthritis (UA). We investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and haplotypes in immune response genes and HLA class II alleles are associated with radiographic progression in patients with early UA.Methods.Progression of radiographic damage was determined in white Dutch patients with early UA after 2 years of followup. Severe progression was defined as an increase in Sharp/van der Heijde Score ≥ 5 points after 2 years of followup. The remainder was classified as mild. These SNP were genotyped by Taqman technology: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) −1031, −863, −857, −308, −238; lymphotoxin-α (LTA) +368, +252; interleukin 10 (IL10) −2849, −1082, −819; IL1A −889, IL1B −31, +3953; and IL1RN +2018. Carriage of SE alleles and HLA-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 haplotype was established. These markers were analyzed in relation to radiographic progression.Results.Forty-eight out of 151 patients with early UA had severe radiographic progression. Severe radiographic progression was associated with an increased carrier frequency of SE alleles (OR 5.12, 95% CI 2.0–13.1, p < 0.001) and IL10 GGC haplotype (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.4–5.8, p = 0.003). Mild radiographic progression was associated with the HLA-DQA1*05-DQB1*02 haplotype (OR 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1–0.8, p = 0.013) and with allele TNF −308A (OR 0.4, 95% CI, 0.2–0.9, p = 0.02).Conclusion.The SE and the IL10 GGC haplotype are associated with severe progression of radiographic damage, in contrast to the DQA1*05-DQB1*02 haplotype and the TNF −308A allele, which are associated with mild radiographic progression in early UA.
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Kafeđiska, Irena, Dejan Spasovski, Todor Gruev, et al. "Association Between Sharp's Radiographic Index and Acute Phase Reactants in Rheumatoid Arthritis." Journal of Medical Biochemistry 27, no. 4 (2008): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10011-008-0025-0.
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Association Between Sharp's Radiographic Index and Acute Phase Reactants in Rheumatoid ArthritisThe aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by hand radiography (Sharp's radiographic index), and assessment of acute phase reactants - erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and rheumatoid factor (RF), and to determine their value as prognostic markers for disease outcome in patients with early RA treated with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)-Methotrexate (MTH); to register and quantify clinical, radiographic and laboratorial differences in certain time intervals in a group of patients treated with immunomodulation therapy with MTH; to determine which of the acute phase reactants would be the most useful marker for evaluation of disease activity in long-term follow-up in RA patients; to select high-risk groups with aggressive course of disease, in order to emphasize the necessity of early and aggressive treatment. Thirty patients with early RA (disease evolution up to 1 year) were evaluated in several time intervals. The score of the Sharp's index showed greater radiographic progression of the joint damage of hands in time intervals between 0-time and 12 months (p=0.0167) and between 0-time and 18 months (p=0.0089). Statistical analysis showed differences in values of CRP in four time intervals (p=0.00002). Considering CRP, there were statistically significant differences among mean values in four time intervals (p=0.0428) (standard deviations showed greater variations). There were no statistically significant differences among mean values of RF in four time intervals (p=0.573). At 0-time in 3 (10%) patients progression of the Sharp's index was found, after 6 months in 13 (39%) patients, while after 12 and 18 months progression of the Sharp's index was found in an identical number of patients, 15 (50%). In most patients high values of CRP and RF were found. Progression of the radiographic damage is especially expressed in patients with high values of ESR, CRP, RF and existence of previous erosions of hands, which are predictors for aggressive course of disease. CRP is the most useful marker for the evaluation of RA activity in the long-term followup of RA patients.
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Nielsen, B. D., S. M. Eckert, C. I. Robison, et al. "Omeprazole and its impact on mineral absorption in horses." Animal Production Science 57, no. 11 (2017): 2263. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an17323.
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Omeprazole is commonly used to treat and prevent ulcers in horses. As a proton-pump inhibitor, and with absorption of calcium dependent on gastric acidity, there is concern that reduction in acidity may interfere with calcium absorption. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether daily omeprazole administration can influence bone health in horses. Prior to commencement of treatment, 10 Standardbred geldings underwent endoscopic examinations for gastric ulcers and to determine gastric pH. They were fed a grass-hay diet. Three-day total collections of faeces and urine were performed to evaluate mineral balance. The left third metacarpus was radiographed to establish baseline values of mineral content by using a radiographic photo-densitometry technique to calculate radiographic bone aluminium equivalence, and blood samples were taken for examination of markers of bone metabolism. The horses were pair-matched and randomly assigned to either a treatment or the control group. Treated horses received omeprazole at the preventative dose (1 mg/kg bodyweight) and control horses received no medication for the duration of the 8-week study. They were housed in box stalls and had daily turnout on drylots. Endoscopy was performed again at the completion of the study, total collections were performed again at the middle and end of the study and blood samples were taken every 2 weeks. No meaningful treatment effects were found for ulcers, gastric pH, mineral balance, radiographic bone aluminium equivalence, or markers of bone formation. Daily administration of omeprazole did not appear to have any negative effects on indices of skeletal health measured in the study.
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Pantsulaia, I., L. Kalichman, and E. Kobyliansky. "Association between radiographic hand osteoarthritis and RANKL, OPG and inflammatory markers." Osteoarthritis and Cartilage 18, no. 11 (2010): 1448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joca.2010.06.009.
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Henebry, Andrew, and Trevor Gaskill. "The Effect of Pelvic Tilt on Radiographic Markers of Acetabular Coverage." American Journal of Sports Medicine 41, no. 11 (2013): 2599–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546513500632.
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Borbas, Paul, Karl Wieser, Stefan Rahm, Sandro F. Fucentese, Peter P. Koch, and Dominik C. Meyer. "Radiodense ligament markers for radiographic evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." Knee 21, no. 6 (2014): 1018–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2014.07.003.
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Hingsammer, Andreas M., David Bauer, Niklas Renner, Paul Borbas, Thomas Boeni, and Martin Berli. "Correlation of Systemic Inflammatory Markers With Radiographic Stages of Charcot Osteoarthropathy." Foot & Ankle International 37, no. 9 (2016): 924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071100716649173.
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Miller, D. "Fabricating Radiographic Markers, Guides, Long-Term Provisional Restorations, and Final Prostheses." Implant Dentistry 6, no. 1 (1997): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008505-199700610-00029.
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Lauerman, Margaret H., Maxwell Raithel, Joseph Kufera, et al. "Comparison of individual and composite radiographic markers of frailty in trauma." Injury 50, no. 1 (2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.injury.2018.11.004.
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Nakazawa, Katsumasa, Tomoya Manaka, Koichi Ichikawa, et al. "Does Radiographic Markers Affect Postoperative Muscle Strength in Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty?" Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 30, no. 7 (2021): e433-e434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2021.03.040.
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Sathornsumetee, Sith, Yiting Cao, Jennifer E. Marcello, et al. "Tumor Angiogenic and Hypoxic Profiles Predict Radiographic Response and Survival in Malignant Astrocytoma Patients Treated With Bevacizumab and Irinotecan." Journal of Clinical Oncology 26, no. 2 (2008): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.13.3652.
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Purpose The combination of a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) –neutralizing antibody, bevacizumab, and irinotecan is associated with high radiographic response rates and improved survival outcomes in patients with recurrent malignant gliomas. The aim of these retrospective studies was to evaluate tumor vascularity and expression of components of the VEGF pathway and hypoxic responses as predictive markers for radiographic response and survival benefit from the bevacizumab and irinotecan therapy. Patients and Methods In a phase II trial, 60 patients with recurrent malignant astrocytomas were treated with bevacizumab and irinotecan. Tumor specimens collected at the time of diagnosis were available for further pathologic studies in 45 patients (75%). VEGF, VEGF receptor-2, CD31, hypoxia-inducible carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9), and hypoxia-inducible factor-2α were semiquantitatively assessed by immunohistochemistry. Radiographic response and survival outcomes were correlated with these angiogenic and hypoxic markers. Results Of 45 patients, 27 patients had glioblastoma multiforme, and 18 patients had anaplastic astrocytoma. Twenty-six patients (58%) had at least partial radiographic response. High VEGF expression was associated with increased likelihood of radiographic response (P = .024) but not survival benefit. Survival analysis revealed that high CA9 expression was associated with poor survival outcome (P = .016). Conclusion In this patient cohort, tumor expression levels of VEGF, the molecular target of bevacizumab, were associated with radiographic response, and the upstream promoter of angiogenesis, hypoxia, determined survival outcome, as measured from treatment initiation. Validation in a larger clinical trial is warranted.
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Loriot, Yohann, Lance C. Pagliaro, Aude Flechon, et al. "Patterns of relapse in poor-prognosis germ cell tumors in the GETUG 13 trial: Implications for assessment of brain progression." Journal of Clinical Oncology 32, no. 4_suppl (2014): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.32.4_suppl.365.
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365 Background: GETUG 13 investigated personalized chemotherapy based on tumor marker decline in patients with poor-prognosis GCT and demonstrated that a dose-dense regimen improves progression-free survival in patients with an unfavorable decline (Fizazi K, ASCO 2013). We investigated the pattern of relapse for patients included in GETUG 13. Methods: We conducted an analysis of relapse events in patients from GETUG 13 and an unfavorable decline of tumor markers (n=203). Baseline procedures before inclusion in the trial comprised a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic CT scan and an MRI of the brain: 22 patients (10%) had evidence of brain metastases at presentation. Results: With a median follow-up of 4.1 years (0.3 ; 8.8 years) when the analysis was performed, a progression event was observed in 94/203 patients (46%). First event consisted in a marker progression only in 41 patients (43%), a radiographic progression only in 29 patients (31%), a mix progression on both markers and imaging in 11 patients (12%), and death in 13 patients (14%). In patients with radiographic progression only, brain was the predominant site (n=16/29, 55%). Among all patients who experienced a radiographic progression (as first and subsequent progression event, n=58), brain only was the site of progression in 26 patients (45%): 12/30 (40%) in patients treated with BEP and 14/28 (50%) in those treated with dose-dense chemotherapy. Conclusions: Brain metastases develop often, early, and frequently as the only site of relapse in the course of poor-prognosis GCT. This raises the question of early detection and treatment of brain metastases in these patients, for example by integrating a systematic brain MRI after 2-3 months of chemotherapy.
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Weiner, Howard L., Roger A. Lichtenbaum, Jeffrey H. Wisoff, et al. "Delayed Surgical Resection of Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors." Neurosurgery 50, no. 4 (2002): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-200204000-00008.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the value of delayed surgical resection in patients with central nervous system germ cell tumors who exhibit less than complete radiographic response despite declining serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tumor markers after initial chemotherapy. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 126 patients enrolled on two international multicenter clinical trials (the First and Second International Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumor Studies) for patients with newly diagnosed central nervous system germ cell tumors. After at least three cycles of chemotherapy, 10 of these patients underwent delayed surgical resection owing to evidence of residual radiographic abnormalities despite declining or completely normalized serum and CSF levels of α-fetoprotein and human chorionic gonadotropin. RESULTS: Eight of these patients demonstrated nongerminomatous germ cell tumor elements at the time of initial diagnosis. In these patients, either serum or CSF tumor markers were elevated initially. Two patients demonstrated pure germinomas with normal levels of serum and CSF tumor markers. After chemotherapy, radiographic evaluation revealed a partial response in seven patients, a minor response in one patient, and stable disease in two patients. All 10 patients had either normal or decreasing levels of serum and CSF tumor markers before second-look surgery. At delayed surgical resection, 7 of the 10 patients underwent gross total resection, and 3 patients underwent subtotal resection of residual lesions. Pathological findings at second-look surgery demonstrated three patients to have mature teratomas, two with immature teratomas, and five with necrotic or scar tissue alone. To date, 7 of the 10 patients have had no recurrence during an average follow-up time of 36.9 months (range, 3–96 mo). Three of four patients with nongerminomatous germ cell tumors who had tumor markers that were decreased, but not normalized, before second-look surgery eventually developed tumor dissemination/progression, and they required subsequent radiation therapy despite having teratoma or necrosis/scar tissue at delayed surgery. In contrast, three of four patients with nongerminomatous germ cell tumors and completely normalized markers did not progress and did not require radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Delayed surgical resection should be considered in patients with central nervous system germ cell tumors who have residual radiographic abnormalities and normalized tumor markers, because these lesions are likely to be teratoma or necrosis/scar tissue. However, second-look surgery should be avoided in patients whose tumor markers have not normalized completely.
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Bournazou, Eirini, Jonathan Samuels, Hua Zhou, et al. "Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) as Predictor of Radiographic Severity in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis in the New York University Cohort." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 11 (2019): 2642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20112642.
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Background: To investigate the expression of vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) in joint tissues and serum in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (SKOA) patients and examine whether VAP-1 levels predict increased risk of disease severity in a cross-sectional study. Methods: Baseline VAP-1 expression and soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) levels were assessed in the synovium synovial fluid and in the serum in cohorts of patients with tibiofemoral medial knee OA and healthy subjects. Standardized fixed-flexion poster anterior knee radiographs scored for Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) grade (0–4) and medial joint space width (JSW). KL1/2 vs. KL3/4 scores defined early and advanced radiographic severity, respectively. Biochemical markers assessed in serum or synovial fluids (SF) comprised sVAP-1, interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end-products (sRAGE), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 (CCL4), cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)-1,-3,-9. Associations between biomarkers and radiographic severity KL1/2 vs. KL3/4 (logistic regression controlling for covariates) and pain (Spearman correlation) were evaluated. Results: Elevated levels of sVAP-1 observed in OA synovial fluid and VAP-1 expression in synovium based on immunohistochemical, microarray, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses. However, serum sVAP-1 levels in OA patients were lower than in controls and inversely correlated with pain and inflammation markers (hsCRP and soluble RAGE). Soluble VAP-1 levels in serum were also lower in radiographically advanced (KL3/4) compared with early KL1/2 knee SKOA patients. Conclusion: Local (synovial fluid) semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO)/sVAP-1 levels were elevated in OA and correlated with radiographic severity. However, systemic (serum) sVAP-1 levels were lower in SKOA patients than normal and inversely correlated with pain and inflammation markers. Serum sVAP-1 levels were higher in early (KL1/2) compared with advanced (KL3/4) SKOA patients.
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FITZGERALD, OLIVER, CHRISTOPHER T. RITCHLIN, and PHILIP J. MEASE. "Biomarkers of Radiographic Progression in Psoriatic Arthritis: A Report from the GRAPPA 2011 Annual Meeting." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 11 (2012): 2189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120820.
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Clinical markers of radiographic progression have been studied in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and results have clearly confirmed the progression of radiographic damage over a 2-year period. Biomarkers of radiographic progression damage (erosion and new bone formation) have also been identified as a critical research issue in these patients. At the 2011 annual meeting of the Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA), members discussed development of a pivotal observational study (PsA Biodam study) to determine the validity of several soluble biomarkers in predicting structural damage in patients with PsA receiving standard therapies. Specific protocol issues discussed were the inclusion criteria, selection of candidate biomarkers, timing of sample collection, the primary radiographic outcome measure, radiographic scoring methods, possible substudies, and funding strategies.
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Bhatia, DeepakN, and JoeF De Beer. "Metal markers for radiographic visualization of rotator cuff margins: A new technique for radiographic assessment of cuff repair integrity." International Journal of Shoulder Surgery 7, no. 1 (2013): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0973-6042.109898.
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MAXWELL, JAMES R., IOANNA MARINOU, KAR-PING KUET, et al. "Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Polymorphisms at 6q23 Are Associated with Radiological Damage in Autoantibody-positive RA." Journal of Rheumatology 39, no. 9 (2012): 1781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.120144.
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Objective.Recent studies have identified 6q23 as an important susceptibility locus for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with risk alleles at 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms combining to give an effect size greater than that of these markers individually. We investigated whether these polymorphisms are also associated with disease severity measured by radiological damage.Methods.We studied 927 patients from a cross-sectional RA cohort. Median Larsen scores (LS) read from radiographs taken at study entry were compared by genotype at rs6920220, rs13207033, and rs5029937 according to a dominant model using negative binomial regression with stratification for autoantibody status.Results.Median LS was associated with genotype at rs6920220 [LS 31 GG vs 36 GA/AA (p = 0.02) in cyclic citrullinated peptide+ (CCP) RA] and rs13020220 [LS 37 GG vs 29 GA/AA (p = 0.02) in CCP+ RA] only in autoantibody-positive RA, with no association at rs5029937. Association was stronger for these markers in combination [LS 28 vs 42 for lowest vs highest risk genotype combination in rheumatoid factor positivity (p = 0.007), LS 28 vs 37 for anti-CCP+ (p = 0.01)].Conclusion.Established RA risk markers at 6q23 are associated also with radiographic severity in autoantibody-positive RA; as for susceptibility, the association for these markers in combination is stronger than that for markers alone.
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Diniz, P. P. V. P., D. S. Schwartz, and R. C. Collicchio-Zuanaze. "Cardiac trauma confirmed by cardiac markers in dogs: two case reports." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 59, no. 1 (2007): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-09352007000100015.
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Two clinical cases of cardiac contusion in dogs were studied Radiographic evaluation showed pneumothorax and alveolar pattern on diaphragmatic pulmonary lobe in one dog, and arrhythmias in both dogs. Cardiac troponin I and CK-MB serum analysis associated with clinical history and eletrocardiographic findings indicated accurately the extension of myocardial injury secondary to trauma.
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Taguchi, Akira, Mitsuhiro Sanada, Elizabeth Krall, et al. "Relationship Between Dental Panoramic Radiographic Findings and Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover." Journal of Bone and Mineral Research 18, no. 9 (2003): 1689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.2003.18.9.1689.
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Schottel, Patrick C., Marschall B. Berkes, Milton T. M. Little, et al. "Predictive Radiographic Markers for Concomitant Ipsilateral Ankle Injuries in Tibial Shaft Fractures." Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma 28, no. 2 (2014): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bot.0b013e31829e71ef.
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Godin, Jonathan A., Jorge Chahla, Gilbert Moatshe, et al. "A Comprehensive Reanalysis of the Distal Iliotibial Band: Quantitative Anatomy, Radiographic Markers, and Biomechanical Properties." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 11 (2017): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517707961.
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Background: The qualitative anatomy of the distal iliotibial band (ITB) has previously been described. However, a comprehensive characterization of the quantitative anatomic, radiographic, and biomechanical properties of the Kaplan fibers of the deep distal ITB has not yet been established. It is paramount to delineate these characteristics to fully understand the distal ITB’s contribution to rotational knee stability. Purpose/Hypothesis: There were 2 distinct purposes for this study: (1) to perform a quantitative anatomic and radiographic evaluation of the distal ITB’s attachment sites and their relationships to pertinent osseous and soft tissue landmarks, and (2) to quantify the biomechanical properties of the deep (Kaplan) fibers of the distal ITB. It was hypothesized that the distal ITB has definable parameters concerning its anatomic attachments and consistent relationships to surgically pertinent landmarks with correlating plain radiographic findings. In addition, it was hypothesized that the biomechanical properties of the Kaplan fibers would support their role as important restraints against internal rotation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Ten nonpaired, fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees (mean age, 61.1 years; range, 54-65 years) were dissected for anatomic and radiographic purposes. A coordinate measuring device quantified the attachment areas of the distal ITB to the distal femur, patella, and proximal tibia and their relationships to pertinent bony landmarks. A radiographic analysis was performed by inserting pins into the attachment sites of relevant anatomic structures to assess their location relative to pertinent bony landmarks with fluoroscopic guidance. A further biomechanical assessment of 10 cadaveric knees quantified the load to failure and stiffness of the Kaplan fibers’ insertion on the distal femur after a preconditioning protocol. Results: Two separate deep (Kaplan) fiber bundles were identified with attachments to 2 newly identified femoral bony prominences (ridges). The proximal and distal bundles inserted on the distal femur 53.6 mm (95% CI, 50.7-56.6 mm) and 31.4 mm (95% CI, 27.3-35.5 mm) proximal to the lateral epicondyle, respectively. The centers of the bundle insertions were 22.5 mm (95% CI, 19.1-25.9 mm) apart. The total insertion area of the distal ITB on the proximal tibia was 429.1 mm2 (95% CI, 349.2-509.1 mm2). A distinct capsulo-osseous layer of the distal ITB was also identified that was intimately related to the lateral knee capsule. Its origin was in close proximity to the lateral gastrocnemius tubercle, and it inserted on the proximal tibia at the lateral tibial tubercle between the fibular head and the Gerdy tubercle. Radiographic analysis supported the quantitative anatomic findings. The mean maximum load during pull-to-failure testing was 71.3 N (95% CI, 41.2-101.4 N) and 170.2 N (95% CI, 123.6-216.8 N) for the proximal and distal Kaplan bundles, respectively. Conclusion: The most important finding of this study was that 2 distinct deep bundles (Kaplan fibers) of the distal ITB were identified. Each bundle of the deep layer of the ITB was associated with a newly identified distinct bony ridge. Radiographic analysis confirmed the measurements previously recorded and established reproducible landmarks for the newly described structures. Biomechanical testing revealed that the Kaplan fibers had a strong attachment to the distal femur, thereby supporting a role in rotational knee stability. Clinical Relevance: The identification of 2 distinct deep fiber (Kaplan) attachments clarifies the function of the ITB more definitively. The results also support the role of the ITB in rotatory knee stability because of the fibers’ vectors and their identified maximum loads. These findings provide the anatomic and biomechanical foundation needed for the development of reconstruction or repair techniques to anatomically address these deficiencies in knee ligament injuries.
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Hunter, David, Michael Nevitt, John Lynch, et al. "Longitudinal validation of periarticular bone area and 3D shape as biomarkers for knee OA progression? Data from the FNIH OA Biomarkers Consortium." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 75, no. 9 (2015): 1607–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-207602.
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ObjectiveTo perform a longitudinal validation study of imaging bone biomarkers of knee osteoarthritis (OA) progression.MethodsWe undertook a nested case–control study within the Osteoarthritis Initiative in knees (one knee per subject) with a Kellgren and Lawrence grade of 1–3. Cases were defined as knees having the combination of medial tibiofemoral radiographic progression and pain progression at the 24-month, 36-month or 48-month follow-up compared with baseline. Controls (n=406) were eligible knees that did not meet both endpoint criteria and included 200 with neither radiographic nor pain progression, 103 with radiographic progression only and 103 with pain progression only. Bone surfaces in medial and lateral femur, tibia and patella compartments were segmented from MR images using active appearance models. Independent variables of primary interest included change from baseline to 24 months in (1) total area of bone and (2) position on three-dimensional (3D) bone shape vectors that discriminate OA versus non-OA shapes. We assessed the association of bone markers changes over 24 months with progression using logistic regression.Results24-month changes in bone area and shape in all compartments were greater in cases than controls, with ORs of being a case per 1 SD increase in bone area ranging from 1.28 to 1.71 across compartments, and per 1 SD greater change in 3D shape vectors ranging from 1.22 to 1.64. Bone markers were associated most strongly with radiographic progression and only weakly with pain progression.ConclusionsIn knees with mild-to-moderate radiographic OA, changes in bone area and shape over 24 months are associated with the combination of radiographic and pain progression over 48 months. This finding of association with longer term clinical outcome underscores their potential for being an efficacy of intervention biomarker in clinical trials.