Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic Method'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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Akbar, Z., O. A. Al-Juhaishi, T. A. O. Olusa, and H. M. S. Davies. "Radiographic method for evaluation of tarsus morphometry." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 5 (2019): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190016.
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The equine tarsus is the most common area of the hind limb associated with lameness. Tarsal function is probably directly related to its conformation. Previous conformational measurement methods and radiological data are either limited or too specific to explain the complex tarsus conformation in different loading conditions. This study aimed to develop a consistent method to evaluate equine tarsal conformation from lateromedial radiographs. Twenty cadaveric hind limbs from 15 adult horses of different breeds were cut at the distal one third of the tibia. Hind limbs mounted in a loading rig and positioned with the metatarsus vertical were digitally radiographed. The zero-degree lateromedial (ZLM) was defined by vertical and horizontal landmarks including overlapping of the lateral and medial trochlea of the talus and a contact point between the dorsal edges of lateral and medial borders of the distal central tarsal bone. Radiographs missing these features were retaken to achieve consistent ZLM views. Specific radiographic features were selected as landmarks to develop tarsal parameters based on their clarity and their being consistently identifiable. The intra-rater repeatability of ten measurable morphometric parameters was evaluated with each radiograph measured twice with an interval of at least one month and Bland-Altman plots developed from this data. Repeat measurements did not differ significantly (Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.731-0.966). This study provides a base for evaluation of the tarsal conformation by radiography.
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Cook, J., M. Helphrey, D. Crouch, et al. "A novel radiographic method to facilitate measurement of the tibial plateau angle in dogs." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 20, no. 01 (2007): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1616583.
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SummaryThe tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO) is commonly performed for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament deficiency in dogs. In order to be performed as described, this procedure relies on consistent measurement of the tibial plateau angle (TPA) on radiographs. This prospective study compared two radiographic methods for subsequent TPA measurement with respect to measured angle and ease of determining landmarks for measurement as determined by four observers. One method was the accepted standard radiographic protocol outlined in the TPLO training seminars. The other method involved a novel split image radiographic protocol not yet described in the literature. Participants' subjective scores as to ease of identifying landmarks and determining TPA on radiographs for each method were evaluated. Inter-observer TPA measurement variability was also assessed for each method. The novel radiographic method was judged to be significantly better in terms of ease of measuring TPA. Inter-observer measurement variability was considered appropriate for recommending use of this novel method for radiographing patients for TPA measurements.
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Peng, Cheng, Haofu Liao, Gina Wong, Jiebo Luo, S. Kevin Zhou, and Rama Chellappa. "XraySyn: Realistic View Synthesis From a Single Radiograph Through CT Priors." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (2021): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16120.
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A radiograph visualizes the internal anatomy of a patient through the use of X-ray, which projects 3D information onto a 2D plane. Hence, radiograph analysis naturally requires physicians to relate their prior knowledge about 3D human anatomy to 2D radiographs. Synthesizing novel radiographic views in a small range can assist physicians in interpreting anatomy more reliably; however, radiograph view synthesis is heavily ill-posed, lacking in paired data, and lacking in differentiable operations to leverage learning-based approaches. To address these problems, we use Computed Tomography (CT) for radiograph simulation and design a differentiable projection algorithm, which enables us to achieve geometrically consistent transformations between the radiography and CT domains. Our method, XraySyn, can synthesize novel views on real radiographs through a combination of realistic simulation and finetuning on real radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on radiograph view synthesis. We show that by gaining an understanding of radiography in 3D space, our method can be applied to radiograph bone extraction and suppression without requiring groundtruth bone labels.
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Liu, Kuan-Lin, Chen-Chie Wang, Ing-Ho Chen, Chia-Ming Chang, Wen-Tien Wu, and Kuang-Ting Yeh. "Radiographic Morphology and Method for Localization of the Adductor Tubercle on Anterior–Posterior Knee Radiographs." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 08 (2017): 747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608872.
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AbstractThe adductor tubercle (AT) is a landmark for joint line identification in knee arthroplasty. Up to now, there has not been a dedicated study to define its morphology on an anterior–posterior (AP) radiograph. As a result, radiographic localization of the AT has been inconsistent and confusing. Ten bone specimens, each with the AT labeled with a metal marker, were radiographed to demonstrate the AT appearance on AP radiographs. Based on this knowledge, a method to locate the AT was developed. A total of 200 clinical radiographs were examined to further confirm the observed radiographic morphology with emphasis on the visibility of the AT and its association with the rotational status of the knee on radiographs. One hundred of them were used to test the reliability of this method of AT identification. Of the 200 ATs, 153 (76%) were clearly visible on radiographs as a faint pyramid-shaped shadow protruding outward from the inflexion point of the concave–convex silhouette over the femoral shaft-condylar junction, allowing direct identification. For invisible ATs (24%), this inflexion point was found to be a useful surrogate landmark for their identification. Locating the AT using this technique showed a good intra- and interobserver reliabilities. The proposed method may be valuable for the consistent use of this landmark in joint line identification on radiographs.
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Prastanti, Agustina Dwi, Darmini Darmini, Siti Daryati, Gatot Murti Wibowo, and Kesita Grace Natalia Suan. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pelapis Kaset Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Infeksi pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 1, no. 1 (2025): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v1i1.12567.
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Background: Infection control in radiography is carried out by wrapping tapes and radiograph equipment using polyethylene plastic bags. Existing conditions in the hospital require at least 1 to 2 layers of plastic for each radiography in patients with a history of infectious diseases. The use of plastic causes the amount of infectious plastic waste to be increased. Therefore, an alternative is needed to use acrylic mica material that can be used repeatedly and is environmentally friendly as a replacement for plastic bags.Methods: This research design is a Research and Development (RnD) study with the ADDIE model which is carried out with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data collection method is carried out by observation, testing the function of the tool, and then the data is processed and analyzed by criticizing the results of radiographic image quality using ImageJ software.Results: Four sizes of precision radiographic cassette coating have been produced with four radiographic cassette sizes. The average decrease in the mean number is 1.07%.Conclusion: The radiograph quality from using acrylic mica cassette coatings in radiograph examinations can still produce good quality radiographs based on the results of histogram graph analysis which produces graphs that have a similar shape between those without using cassette coatings and those with cassette coatings.
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Lohe, Vidya K., Supriya V. Gupta, Ravindra P. Kadu, Ravikant V. Sune, Swapnil C. Mohod, and Mrunal G. Meshram. "Comparing the Accuracy of Conventional with Direct Digital Radiographic Method in Diagnosing the Periapical Lesions." Journal of Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences University 19, no. 4 (2024): 666–70. https://doi.org/10.4103/jdmimsu.jdmimsu_13_24.
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Background: Traditionally, the conventional radiograph forms the primary imaging modality in diagnosing, treating, and carrying out the follow-up of periapical lesions. Early lesions are hard to identify precisely due to the diffused and infiltrative characteristics of the inflammatory course in bone. There is much controversy concerning the precision of imaging technique in identifying radicular lesions. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fifty dentate patients with the age range of 16 years and above were recruited. After clinical examination of the subjects, conventional films and digital images were obtained separately on the same case by employing the bisecting angle technique for acquiring direct digital and conventional radiographic images. The digital images viewed by the observers and results were tabulated for statistical analysis. Results: Radiographic diagnostic accuracy in diagnosing the periapical processes was more by digital radiography than the conventional one. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the conventional radiograph being the gold standard has more diagnostic accuracy in measuring periapical lesions. Digital radiographs can be used as an alternative with the advantages being that there is no use of processing solution and the ability to enhance image, data storage, and diagnostic value also can be changed by the operator.
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Maghbuli, Hossein, Tahmine Razi, Elham Banakar, Parya Emamverdizade, and Sedighe Razi. "Positioning Errors in Panoramic Images Based on the Dentition Type of Patients Referring to the Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department of Tabriz Dental School During 2017-2018." Avicenna Journal of Dental Research 15, no. 2 (2022): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ajdr.2023.535.
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Background: Panoramic imaging is a technique to create images of facial structures. Various factors affect the preparation of a high quality and proper panoramic image, such as the patient’s proper position. The aim of this study was to investigate positional errors in panoramic images based on the dentition type of patients referring to oral and maxillofacial radiology department of Tabriz Dental School Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Radiology Department of Tabriz Dental School in 2017-18. Dentition of patients (primary, mixed, permanent, complete edentulous) was determined by radiography. 410 radiography per group (1640 samples) were selected from the archives of Radiology Department by simple random sampling method. one radiologist evaluated all the images in the same condition and in a semi-dark room, in a 21-inch DELL monitor, regarding the presence of each of the positioning errors. Radiographs that were repeated due to positioning errors and poor diagnostic quality were classified as unacceptable radiographic images. Results: In primary, mixed, permanent and edentulous dentitions, not attaching the tongue to the palate were the most errors in the radiographies, with 50.4%, 65.6%, 64.3% and 64.8%, respectively. The presence of 2 errors (563 radiographies, 34.3%) had the highest frequency. 123 radiographies (7.5%) were free of errors. Primary dentition with 95 radiographies (23.2%) had the highest unacceptable radiographies, and edentulous dentition with 29 radiographies (7.1%) had the lowest unacceptable radiographies. Chi-square test indicated that this finding was statistically significant (P <0.001). Conclusions: Positioning error has high prevalence in radiographic images, the most common of which is not attaching the tongue to the palate during radiography. In the primary dentition period, the number of acceptable radiographs was lower than the other periods.
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Yunita Yunita and Ayu Mahani. "Studi Kasus Repeat (Pengulangan) Radiograf dengan Modalitas Digital Radiography (DR) di Instalasi Radiologi RSUD Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan 4, no. 2 (2025): 227–41. https://doi.org/10.55606/klinik.v4i2.3929.
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Repeat analysis is a systematic method for analyzing radiographic images repeatedly to identify and reduce errors in digital processing. This method is part of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) program which aims to ensure optimal quality radiographic results. According to the Decree of the Minister of Health Number 129/Menkes/SK/II/2008 concerning the standard for repeat radiographic images <2%. This study aims to determine the factors that cause repeat photos and how to prevent repeat photos at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital. This research method uses qualitative with a case study approach to analyze repeat radiographs using Digital Radiography (DR) at the Radiology Installation of Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital. The study was conducted from September 2024 to March 2025. The population includes all radiographic images with DR modality, while the sample is the result of repeat radiographic images. Data were collected through direct observation, interviews with three radiographers and one radiology specialist, and documentation. The average percentage of repeat X-ray photos on digital radiography modality in October 2024 was 1954 examinations with 122 repeats with a percentage of 6.24%, in November 2024 was 2206 examinations with 70 repeats with a percentage of 3.17%, in December 2024 was 2622 examinations with 16 repeats with a percentage of 0.61%. The percentage of repeats on digital radiography (DR) modality that occurred at Dr. Soehadi Prijonegoro Sragen Hospital exceeded the standards set by the Minister of Health with repeat results> 2% in October and November 2024. The factors causing repeats are due to positioning, patient movement, exposure factors, artifacts and equipment. The suggestion to minimize repeats that occur is to increase the accuracy of the radiographer in conducting the examination.
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Mestriner, Soraya Fernandes, Dionísio Vinha, and Wilson Mestriner Junior. "Comparison of different methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis." Journal of Applied Oral Science 13, no. 1 (2005): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572005000100007.
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The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of in-vitro methods for the occlusal dentine caries diagnosis. Thirty-eight sites were evaluated on third molars without macroscopic carious cavitation in adult individuals from the city of Barretos (SP), Brazil. Visual inspection (VI), endoscopic evaluation (AcuCam), visual inspection and blunt-tipped exploratory probes (Tactile), conventional bite-wing radiographs (CR), direct bite-wing digital radiograph (DR), and direct digital radiograph with contrast and brightness controled (DRbc) were used by five observers. In order to validate the data, the teeth were sectioned and histologically evaluated. The average sensitivity and specificity values of the methods were respectively:0,25 , 0,96 (VI); 0,15 , 0,92 (AcuCam); 0,17 , 0,95 (Tactile); 0,45 , 0,73 (CR); 0,33 , 0,80 (DR) and 0,35 , 0,84 (DRbc) , the effectiveness of clinical methods (VI, AcuCam and Tactile) as well as that of radiographic methods (CR, DR and DRbc) were comparatively similar. The clinical methods presented a smaller number of false-positive diagnosis than the radiographic methods. It was concluded that visual inspection is an important diagnostic method; conventional bite-wing and digital radiography aid the diagnosis and are equally efficient to diagnose carious lesions in the dentine of teeth without visible cavitation.
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Heaven, T. J., A. R. Firestone, and F. F. Feagin. "Quantitative Radiographic Measurement of Dentinal Lesions." Journal of Dental Research 69, no. 1 (1990): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345900690010801.
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The purpose of this investigation was the comparison of the precision and accuracy of two reference ramp techniques for the quantification of radiographic density changes in teeth. Radiographs (65 kVp, 10 ma, 1 s, and intra-oral ultraspeed film) of transverse sections from extracted permanent human molars were made before and after dentinal lesions were created. Each radiograph contained the image of a tooth section and the aluminum reference ramp. Method A used the image of the ramp on both the before- and after-lesion radiographs, and method B used the image of the ramp only on the before-lesion radiograph. Three groups of lesions (0.525-mm diameter, n = 11; 0.675-mm diameter, n = 9; and the 0.525-mm holes enlarged to 0.675 mm) were measured radiographically by each technique and by direct planimetry of the lesions. Radiographic method B produced results in close agreement with the planimetric measurements. Method B differentiated (p<0.05) between groups that had a mean planimetric size difference of 0.10 mm (equivalent to a change in density difference of 0.6%). These density change measurements are in absolute units of mm of aluminum that can be compared between lesions and between samples. This technique may prove useful for the quantification of changes in mineral density of caries lesions detectable in longitudinal radiographic records.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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Skipper, Julie A. "Feasibility of Radiographic Absorptiometry of the Mandible as an Osteoporosis Screening Method." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1057695994.
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Hecla, Jake J. "A combined radiographic and time-of-flight method for zero-knowledge warhead verification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112474.
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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2017.<br>"June 2017." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 49-51).<br>A novel means of combined spectroscopic and radiographic zero-knowledge warhead verification has been developed and investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. This verification approach, henceforth called "epi-ZK," uses time-structured beams of epithermal neutrons to verify weapon isotopics and geometry without creating or transmitting meaningful information about the device design. This method seeks to remedy information security and hoax resistance issues inherent in previously proposed zero-knowledge verification methods such as fast neutron radiography with preloaded detector arrays and NRF based methods. By using a combination of epithermal neutron radiography and time-of-flight analysis, the epi-ZK method achieves sensitivity to subtle isotopic and geometric hoaxes, while preserving a high level of information security. Results using a MCNP5¹ model of the verification setup on the "Black Sea Object" pit geometry as well as a speculative HEU implosion weapons design indicate that the method would be highly effective, even using existing research reactor or accelerator neutron sources. This method of verification therefore presents a viable means of verification for weapons previously excluded from treaties such as ST ART due to a lack of information-secure means of assuring device authenticity.<br>by Jake J. Hecla.<br>S.B.
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
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Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.
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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Malusek, Alexandr. "Calculation of scatter in cone beam CT : Steps towards a virtual tomograph." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11275.
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Hackman, S. Lucina M. R. "Age estimation in the living : a test of 6 radiographic methods." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/b8281974-f44c-444d-b958-001ccfea451f.
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There is a growing recognition that there is a requirement for methods of age estimation of the living to be rigorously tested to ensure that they are accurate, reliable and valid for use in forensic and humanitarian age estimation. The necessity for accurate and reliable methods of age estimation are driven both by humanitarian, political and judicial need. Age estimation methods commonly in use today are based on the application of reference standards, known as atlases, which were developed using data collected from children who participated in longitudinal studies in the early to mid-1900s. The standards were originally developed to provide a baseline to which radiographs could be compared in order to assess the child’s stage of skeletal development in relation to their chronological age, a purpose for which they are still utilised in the medical community. These atlases provide a testable link between skeletal age and chronological age which has been recognised by forensic practitioners who have essentially hijacked this medical capability and applied it to their fields. This has resulted in an increased use of these standards as a method of predicting the chronological age from the skeletal age of a child when the former is unknown. This novel use of the atlases on populations who are distinct, ethnically, temporally and geographically, from those whose data was gathered and was used in the design of the standard leaves the forensic outcomes vulnerable to challenge in court. This study aims to examine the reliability and accuracy of these standards in relation to a modern population, providing a sound statistical base for the use of these standards for forensic purposes. Radiographs were collected from the local hospital from children who had been X-rayed for investigation during attendance at the local A&E department. Four body areas were selected for investigation; the hand-wrist, the elbow, the knee and the foot-ankle and tests were undertaken to assess the radiographs using six commonly uses methods of age estimation. Further images of the wrist and elbow were collected from children in New Delhi, India. These images were subject to age estimation utilising the methods described.
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Foss, Olav A. "The Rotation Ratios Method - A Method to describe altered spatial orientation in sequential radiographs from one pelvis." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Neuroscience, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-2127.
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<p><b>The Rotation Ratios Method</b></p><p>En metode for beskrivelse av endret romlig bekkeninnstilling svedsekvensielle røntgenopptak av samme bekken</p><p><b>Sammendraget:</b></p><p>Sekvensielle røntgenopptak av ett og samme bekken blir rutinemessig brukt bl.a. innen ortopedisk kirurgi. Ofte sammenliknes korresponderende røntgenmål for å vurdere sykdomsutvikling eller vurdere effekten av en behandling. Tre-dimensjonale objekt blir transformert til to-dimensjonale bilder ved røntgenopptak. Både den romlige innstillingen av objektet og fokusering av røntgenrøret i forhold til objektet påvirker avbildingen. Endringer i disse innstillingene kan derfor påvirke aktuelle røntgenmål og representere en feilkilde når korresponderende røntgenmål sammenliknes. I en serie av fire arbeid presenteres utviklingen av en målemetode som beskriver endringer i bekkeninnstilling om to akser, basert på standard frontale (AP) bekkenopptak.</p><p>To parametre som beskriver endring i bekkeninnstilling eller endring i røntgenfokusering ble validert ved bruk av definerte røntgenopptak av et bekkenfantom.</p><p>Et dataprogram for simulering av røntgenopptak av rigide objekt ble utviklet og validert. Dette programmet representerer et virtuelt røntgenlaboratorium der objektorientering, røntgenfokusering, mm. kan endres.</p><p>Dette dataprogrammet ble brukt til simulering av 4653 røntgenbilder av 141 utvalgte bekken, representerende en normalpopulasjon. Simulerte røntgenmål fra disse bildene ble brukt i utviklingen av et formelapparat for klinisk bruk. Korreksjonsfaktorer for kjønn og bekkenstørrelse ble innarbeidet.</p><p>Metoden, som er en algoritme inkluderende både manuelle og matematiske prosedyrer ble validert. Først ble de manuelle delene validert enkeltvis før en samlet validering ble gjort der en sammenliknet 1020 beregnede bekkenrotasjoner mot korresponderende reelle.</p><p>Metoden synes å ha god nok nøyaktighet for klinisk bruk.</p>
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Rosenbaum, Kayla A. "Radiography Students: Factors Contributing to their Stress and Methods of Coping." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3111.
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College students experience high levels of stress, especially those in health care programs. The purpose of this study was to determine what factors contribute to Tennessee radiography student stress levels and the methods by which they cope with stress. Additionally, do demographic factors affect radiography student stress levels? The research was conducted February 4 to March 30, 2016. A survey was distributed to students in a radiography program at two and four year colleges in Tennessee. Participants were asked questions on factors that influence their stress levels, coping strategies, and health issues experienced in the past year. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, and Pearson correlations were used to determine what factors influenced student stress levels, the most effective coping strategies, and if demographics affected student stress levels. This analysis revealed that school causes students the most stress, while taking a break was the most used stress coping strategy.
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Hashim, Hanizah Aman. "The reproducibility of Johnston's cephalometric superimposition method in analyzing activator treatment changes." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4932.
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Huang, Zhao-Wei. "Automated Scoring for Cystic Fibrosis in Chest Radiographs based on Deep Learning Methods." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/20401.
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Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disease that attacks multiple organs. It is an incurable illness in the respiratory system, with about one-sixth of native Australians suffering from it. Cystic Fibrosis Community Care* shows that 1 in 25 people in Australia are carrying defective CF genes and nearly 90 babies each year are born with CF. Clinicians diagnosed the pulmonary CF mainly through chest radiographs (CXRs). This study proposes a novel computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) framework with deep learning features for automated scoring of CF in CXRs. Within this framework, key components and algorithms are developed, examined and refined to achieve the best scoring performance as compared to human observers. We present a framework to analyse chest radiographs for cystic fibrosis using machine learning methods. We compare the representational power of deep learning features with traditional texture features. Specifically, we respectively employed VGG-16-based deep learning features and Tamura- and Gabor-filter-based textural features to represent the cystic fibrosis images. We demonstrate that VGG-16 features perform best, with a maximum agreement of 82%. In addition, Tamura features’ accuracy of Tamura reaches 78%. We also present a framework to analyse chest radiographs for cystic fibrosis using deep learning methods. We compare the effectiveness of two typical deep convolution neural networks, ResNet-152 and VGG-16, both of which are transferred the knowledge learned from the ChestX-ray14 dataset. We had the best scoring accuracies of 91% for ResNet-152 and 86% for VGG-16, 12.3% and 3.6% respectively better than the networks pre-trained by natural images on ImageNet. The overall best performance was exhibited by transfer-learning-based ResNet-152 with random forest classifier. It achieved 91.5% accuracy for classification across three levels of scoring (10, 15 and 20).
Books on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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R, May Chris, and Eisenberg Ronald L, eds. Radiographic positioning pocket manual. Little, Brown, 1995.
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Sarah, Bourne, ed. A guide to dental radiography. 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1998.
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Alexander, Jacobson, ed. Radiographic cephalometry: From basics to videoimaging. Quintessence Pub. Co., 1995.
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Spaulding, William. ASNT level II study guide: Radiograph Testing Method. 2nd ed. American Society for Nondestuctive Testing, Inc., 2002.
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Ayers, Mary H. Small animal radiographic techniques and positioning. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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Abbott, Gerald F. "Challenging Chest Radiograph Interpretation." In IDKD Springer Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83872-9_14.
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Abstract Chest radiography is the most widely used medical imaging modality in the world. The volume of chest radiographic studies continues to rise, in tandem with increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging studies. The most efficient method of interpreting such a large and growing work volume requires a systematic approach applied in a consistent manner. Within that framework, challenging and unusual cases will arise and require more concentrated efforts than those needed to interpret the more typical cases in day-to-day practice. A challenge may arise due to small size or poor conspicuity of a pulmonary nodule on chest radiography—a nodule that may represent a lung cancer. That challenge can be met by the radiologist’s awareness of common causes for missing such lesions on radiographic studies. Other cases may be challenging by unusual combinations of imaging findings that may be manifestations of more than one underlying diagnosis. In other instances, the complexity and distribution of findings—as in cases of interstitial lung disease—may challenge the radiologist’s fund of knowledge and level of experience. The following cases illustrate teaching points that are intended to assist the reader in meeting such challenges.
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Harrar, K., and L. Hamami. "Implementation of the box-counting method in radiographic images." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-76483-2_26.
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Musaev, Farkhad B., Viktor F. Pivovarov, and Nikolay N. Potrakhov. "The Digital Radiographic Analysis of Vegetable Seeds: An Innovative Method." In Complex Systems: Innovation and Sustainability in the Digital Age. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58823-6_70.
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Diana, D., J. Revathi, K. Uma, A. Ramya, and J. Anitha. "A Novel Method for Detecting Bone Contours in Hand Radiographic Images." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9683-0_32.
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AzariMoghaddam, Alireza, and Lalitha Rangarajan. "A Method for Segmentation Radiographic Images with Case Study on Welding Defects." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1000-9_26.
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Le Béguec, Pierre, François Canovas, Olivier Roche, Mathias Goldschild, and Julien Batard. "Factors That Improve the Radiographic Results Complications and Contra-indications of the Method." In Uncemented Femoral Stems for Revision Surgery. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03614-4_19.
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Huddleston, Alan L. "Radiographic Film Methods." In Quantitative Methods in Bone Densitometry. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1725-8_2.
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Strudwick, Ruth M. "Ethnographic Methods." In The Ethnographic Radiographer. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7252-1_2.
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Nir-El, Y., E. Yellin, B. Breitman, and A. Gayer. "Pressure Determination of Nitrogen Gas in Stainless-Steel Containers by the Method of Neutron Radiography." In Neutron Radiography. Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7_39.
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Peng, Zhang, and Zhao Tiejun. "Neutron Radiography." In Methods of Measuring Moisture in Building Materials and Structures. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74231-1_17.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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Galbraith, Joseph M., George C. Williamson, and Michael Creech. "Through-Wall Radiography to Locate and Evaluate Internal Corrosion in Piping." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07172.
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Abstract In many piping circuits carrying corrosive products, the most likely form of internal damage is localized pitting. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to locate corrosion of this type with cost-effective non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. Compression wave ultrasonics is used extensively, typically in spot inspections referred to as TML (thickness monitoring location) testing, but surveys of this type frequently fail to locate isolated pitting. A technique used for decades in oil fields and production facilities employs radiography to locate such damage. 1 Not only is it possible to locate internal pitting damage with this method, but it is also possible to semi-quantitatively evaluate the depth of pitting and characterize the aspect ratio of corrosion networks This method allows the operator to quickly ascertain the significance of internal damage on the integrity of the pipe by using the information extracted from the radiographic image in a method such as the ASME B31G. Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines. 2 This paper describes use of through-wall radiography to produce the information required to determine the integrity of corroded piping, and includes examples of its use in various situations.
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Powell, Daniel E., Walt Remele, and George Johnston. "Field Experiences Using FLIR Technology for Inspection of Pipelines in an Arctic Oilfield." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98367.
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Abstract Kuparuk, the second largest oilfield in North America, is located on the North Slope of Alaska. The piping and facilities are above ground, and are all insulated to minimize heat loss in the arctic environment. Although technically a desert, the pipelines are subject to external corrosion due to water within the insulation, caused by wind driven snow impacting the pipelines at the seams of the insulation (weld packs). The water accumulates until the pipeline is wetted. Weld packs have previously been inspected by a radiographic technique, with follow up removal of the insulation for visual inspections, if warranted. With over 60,000 weld packs at Kuparuk, a new method was sought to identify locations most likely to have external corrosion. Accordingly, Kuparuk has been field testing an aircraft-based FLIR (Forward Looking Infrared) camera as one method for rapidly scanning pipelines to identify excessive heat loss, which is an indication of wet insulation and possibly corrosion. Results to date have shown FLIR indeed offers rapid screening of weld packs, and can identify locations for follow up inspections by other techniques. Future work is planned to further determine the usefulness of FLIR as part of a comprehensive inspection program.
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Syahman, Shaik, Safian Sharif, Mohd Ahmad Zaharuddin Faridh, and Mokhtar Awang. "Non-Destructive Evaluation of Friction Stir Welded Thin Zn-Coated Metal Sheets with Lap-Joint Configuration." In International Conference on X-Rays and Related Techniques in Research and Industry 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-sfc0u0.
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Friction stir welding (FSW) can be classified as a new non-fusion welding technique if compared to other conventional welding techniques. In this study, a thin Zn-coated metal sheet was welded using the FSW technique with a lap-joint configuration. The weld joint was inspected using non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to determine the quality of the weld produced. There are two main parameters used in the experiment, which are rotational speed [RPM] and traverse [mm/min]. The design of the welding experiment is carried out using the surface response technique with the circumscribe central composite design method. This experiment was conducted using two factors and two levels of design of the experiment setup. All the samples are successfully welded and examined by visual inspection and radiographic testing (RT) to identify defects in the weld. Welding defects are plotted into the graph to assist in the process of analyzing the trend of defects. Several defects have been discovered such as flash formation, thinning material, through-hole, and high-density solid inclusion during the experiment. As a result of the study, it is possible to make a preliminary overview of the appropriate parameters used for FSW of thin Zn-coated metal sheets. In addition, welding defect information from the NDT inspection can assist in the process of preparing specimens for destructive tests.
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Galbraith, Joseph M., and Kit L. Coleman. "Designing Real-Time Radioscopie Inspection Systems to Access Piping Integrity." In CORROSION 1998. NACE International, 1998. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1998-98366.
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Abstract Due to severe corrosion problems that occurred much earlier in the life of the Prudhoe Bay oil fields than was expected, a method to economically identify areas of corrosion in hundreds of miles of transportation piping became an urgent need in the early years of the 1980s. Since production in the above-ground, insulated lines ranging in diameter from four to forty-two inches (10 to 107 cm) could not be interrupted or the insulation removed, conventional inspection techniques did not offer a solution. Through a series of developmental programs, a radiographic method was established that was able to locate and quantify the pitting corrosion and thereby determine the integrity of the damaged piping.1 This provided a basis for the later development of automated, or Real-Time, Radioscopy. The early real-time radioscopic systems were introduced on the North Slope in the mid-1980s. These systems utilized image capture devices developed for the medical industry carried down the horizontal piping by motorized crawlers coupled with microcomputer-based image enhancement and control systems. Limitations inherent with the image capture devices, the motor control and mechanical units, and microcomputers of that time have been greatly minimized by significant advances in all three areas over the last decade. The transformation of these early systems into the rugged, durable real-time radioscopic equipment used today will be outlined in this paper.
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Nicola, Sally, Victor Carreto, Ray A. Mentzer, and M. Sam Mannan. "Corrosion under Insulation Detection Technique." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02570.
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Abstract Corrosion is the most significant mechanical integrity issue faced by the petrochemical industry. Even after decades of study, prevention and mitigation, it remains the leading cause of pipeline failure in the oil and gas industry. Enormous costs are directed towards repairing corrosion damage in facilities every year. In this work, one of the most problematic forms of corrosion is studied: corrosion under insulation (CUI). Many methods of detecting CUI have been developed, including ultrasound, radiography methods, and pulsed eddy current testing; however, each has shortcomings that make them inapplicable for some conditions, or generally, not accurate enough. This work focuses on studying a non-destructive method to detect CUI. One of the methods considered is X-ray computed tomography. While similar to real-time radiography, this method has higher resolution, and has the capability to provide a 3D image of the specimen, showing where the corrosion is located and its extent. Also, it does not require the insulation layer to be removed. Experiments show that this method is effective in detecting internal and external corrosion in pipes under different types of insulation.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29702.
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Digital radiography is getting one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries now. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components radiographic testing, one big issue is how we can evaluate and ensure that the taken images have enough image qualities to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that taken films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. So in this paper, new alternative IQI that developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality are tested and evaluated. In addition, image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images taken with the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2010 Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/K-PVP Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2010-25264.
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Digital radiography is becoming one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components, one big issue is how to evaluate the images and ensure that the images have enough quality to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that the films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. In this paper, new alternative IQI that was developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality is tested and evaluated. In addition, new image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images of the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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Liu, Xin, and Venkatesh Sridhar. "Rapid Scatter Correction for Radiographic Imaging Based on Linear Boltzmann Transport Equation." In ASNT Research Symposium 2023. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2023.078.
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In radiographic imaging, such as X-ray radiography and computed tomography, scattered photons reduce image contrast and introduce artifacts into the reconstructed images. In cone-beam radiography and tomography, where the coverage of the X-ray beam and the area of the detector are significantly larger than those in fan-beam radiography, X-ray photon scatter is one of the major sources of image quality degradation. Here, we present a scatter correction method based on the linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE). A software, named LAB-DOCTORS, which solves the LBTE based on the discrete ordinates method has been developed using GPU parallel computing techniques. Unlike stochastic methods (e.g., Monte Carlo simulation), LAB-DOCTORS estimates the first and multi order scatter deterministically. The accuracy of the scatter estimation by LAB-DOCTORS is comparable to that of Monte Carlo simulations. The primary benefit of this method lies in its rapid computation speed with ordinary computing resources, which could be used to improve radiographic image quality in a timely fashion.
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Mori, Masako, Tetsuo Taguchi, Mikio Takagi, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Acquisition Method for Film Based Radiographic Testing." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2831.
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Radiographic Test (RT) has been widely used in various industries to detect inner defects of weld structures and other significant components. In terms of digitization, although the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code Section V provides general outlines of digital image acquisition and processing of RT film, it is not widely implemented in industries as medical radiography instruments. One major reason for not being able to drive RT film digitization is that they cannot quantitatively guarantee each RT film and its digital image resolution directly. To solve these bottlenecks, the present paper proposes two things: 1) Line pair type penetrameter corresponding to current image quality indicators (IQIs) for both hole and wire type, which enables us to not only easily guarantee radiographic testing film resolution but also quantify digitalized RT film image resolution [1]; and 2) Line pair type standard film which is used for digitizing “existing RT film” with commonly used imaging scanners. Prototypes of line pair type penetrameters have been developed and prepared for various materials and verified for its applicability to RT digitalization. Also, prototypes of standard film are manufactured and verified that used with scanners, we can get RT film images of which resolution are quantitatively guaranteed. These two new RT film digitizing methodologies enable us to get “resolution guaranteed film images” and “digital inspection.” Furthermore, this will contribute to “remote inspection” where manufacturers, inspectors, customers and government inspectors can share the results of inspection in electronic format and timely confirm them from a remote place.
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Wei-Lei Mu, Jian-Min Gao, Hong-Quan Jiang, et al. "A Method of Radiographic Image Quality Enhancement." In 2013 Fifth International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2013.19.
Full textReports on the topic "Radiographic Method"
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Light. L51572 Demonstration of Realtime Radiography on Pipeline Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011315.
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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive testing (NDT) method used for many years to either accept or reject a field weld in the pipeline industry. However, conventional radiography requires the expense of film, developing chemicals, and manpower for film development. It also normally has a delay of 2 hours or more between when the weld was radiographed and when the radiographic film of the weld is available for interpretation. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing, called real-time radiography, has been used in several different types of field inspection operations. The real-time radiography system forms the image with optical imaging in lieu of photographic film. The objectives of this project were to (1) Integrate various optimized real-time radiographic components (identified as a result of the previous project) into a field-usable, real-time-radiographic inspection (RTRI) system for single-wall inspection of pipeline girth welds and (2) Demonstrate the system in the field.
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Light. L51504 Investigation of Real-Time Radiographic Methods for Use in Pipeline Weld Inspection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010599.
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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive examination (NDT) method used for many years to either "accept" or "reject" a field weld in the pipeline industry. The cost of conventional radiography, however, increasingly has become a major concern in the cost effectiveness of laying new pipelines. The contributing factors to the high cost of conventional radiography are the costs of film and of the chemicals and manpower used to develop the film. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing has been perfected. Called "real-time radiography," it uses radiographic sources with an optical imaging system. It has been developed now to the point that the sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of these imaging systems can be used to detect variations in material density equivalent to defects of interest in pipeline welds. The first objective of Phase 1 was to investigate existing real-time radiographic systems and system components in terms of their application to inspection of field-produced girth welds in steel pipelines. The second objective was to recommend a real-time system (either existing as a whole unit or comprised of several key subsystems) to be used for a field demonstration during Phase 2 of the program. The incentive, or goal, for this two-phase program is to introduce real-time radiography to the pipeline industry as a faster and overall more cost effective alternative NDE method compared to conventional film radiography. In addition, real-time radiography would provide a means to interpret the condition of a weld soon after completion while the welding team is still in the near vicinity of the inspected weld. This would permit immediate repair, if necessary, which would greatly reduce cost.
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Tucker. L51728 Feasibility of a Pipeline Field Weld Real-Time Radiography (Radioscopy) Inspection System. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010117.
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Inspection of pipeline field girth welds during pipeline construction is accomplished by film radiographic: methods. Film radiography of materials is a 70 year old technology. There have been many advances in that 70 year history in equipment and films, but the process of making the radiograph is essentially the same. The film radiography process is time-consuming, costly, environmentally impacting and very operator (inspector) dependent. There are recent and almost daily advances in technologies using x-ray imaging other than film. Double-jointed pipe welds at pipe mills and at double-joint operations have been inspected with stationary real-time radioscopic systems for many years. This electronic imaging technology, known as "�radioscopy"�, has the potential to significantly improve pipeline project schedules and cost by eliminating some of the shortcomings of film radiography. Radioscopy is currently accepted for use by many nationally accepted standards including API-SL, Specification for Line Pipe, and API-1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Most of the real-time systems in use today are fixed installations in pipe mills, foundries or fabrication shops. The ability to produce the required image sensitivity with real-time has been established by these fixed installations. These systems have proven to be very cost effective. In the course of conducting this study, QCC attended several conferences, including the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Conference in Boston, contacted several hundred potential vendors of radioscopic and radiographic equipment, witnessed demonstrations on existing radioscopic imaging systems and conducted several breadboard system demonstrations. The enclosed exhibit section contains a list of vendors that have products applicable to a radioscopic system.
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Laguna, G. W. An improved method for simulating radiographs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6710964.
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Wood, William M. Evaluation of Deblur Methods for Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1126673.
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Miao, Yinbin, Kun Mo, Aaron Oaks, Carolyn Tomchik, and Zhi-Gang Mei. Specifications of EBR-II Neutron Radiography Method Description and Digitization Approach. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1973262.
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Ent, Jan van der. L51734 Evaluation of Ultrasonic Inspection Techniques for the Root Region of Girth Welds. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011384.
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Evaluates the performance of the existing system(s) / method(s) and the improvements contemplated. It was decided to build the project around a number and variety of representative test welds. These were inspected with Rotoscan 1990, also using improvements and radiography, and then destructively tested for correlation with the NDE results.
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Lozev and Spencer. L52023 Inspection of Welds in Thin-Wall Pipe Using Mechanized Ultrasonic Inspection. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011117.
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Generally, the inspection of welds in pipes with a wall thickness less than 6 mm is performed using radiography.� Because radiography is very sensitive to the orientation of planar weld defects, these types of defects often go undetected.� In contrast, ultrasonic testing (UT) offers a better solution for detecting and sizing of these defects. In this project a method to inspect welds in thin-walled pipe less than 6-mm thick using mechanized ultrasonic weld inspection was developed.�The project investigated the application of time-based high-frequency (up to 15 MHz) single/multi-probe techniques and phased-array (PA) technology, multiple-skip time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), and shear horizontal (SH) waves inspection as possible solutions.
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Laine, Andrew F. Model and Expansion Based Methods of Detection of Small Masses in Radiographs of Dense Breasts. Defense Technical Information Center, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada398954.
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Laine, Andrew P. Model and Expansion Based Methods of Detection of Small Masses in Radiographs of Dense Breasts. Defense Technical Information Center, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418680.
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