Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic parameters'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic parameters"
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Suh, Jae Wan, Sunghyun Kim, and Hyun-woo Park. "Clinical Significance of Lateral Ankle Radiograph after the Reduction of a Syndesmosis Injury." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00470.
Full textAbstract:
Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: To introduce reliable and newly developed radiographic measures based on a lateral ankle radiograph to assess a syndesmotic reduction after screw fixation and to compare with the radiographic measures based on the anteroposterior (AP) and mortise radiographs. Methods: The postoperative ankle radiographs of 34 ankle fracture cases after screw fixation for concurrent syndesmosis injury were reviewed. Two radiographic parameters were measured on each AP and mortise radiograph; tibiofibular clear space (TFCS) and tibiofibular overlap (TFO). Five radiographic parameters were measured on the true lateral radiographs; the anteroposterior tibiofibular (APTF) ratio, anterior tibiofibular ratio (ATFR), posterior tibiofibular ratio (PTFR), distances of intersection of the anterior fibular border and the tibial plafond to anterior cortex of the tibia (AA’), and the intersection of posterior fibular border and tibial plafond to the tip of the posterior malleolus (BB’). In addition, the distance (XP) between the fibular posterior margin (X) crossing tibial plafond or the posterior malleolus and posterior articular margin (P) of the tibial plafond was measured on the lateral view. Results: Using TFCS and TFO in the AP and mortise radiographs, malreductions of syndesmosis were estimated in 17 of 34 cases (50.0%). Using the introduced and developed radiographic measures in the lateral radiographs, syndesmotic malreductions were estimated in 16 out of 34 cases (47.1%). Seventeen cases (50.0%) showed no evidence of postoperative diastasis using the radiographic criteria on the AP and mortise view, 10 cases (58.8%) of whom showed evidence of a malreduction on the lateral radiograph. The newly developed measurements, XP, were measured 0 in 11 out of 34 cases (32.4%). Conclusion: The reduction of syndemosis after screw fixation can be accurately assessed intraoperatively with a combination of several reliable radiographic measurements of lateral radiograph and traditional radiographic measurements of AP and mortise radiograph. Using various radiographic parameters selectively, malreduction could be prevented even when some parameters are difficult to measure because of implants or when posterior malleolar fracture is accompanied.
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Foss, O. A., J. Klaksvik, P. Benum, and S. Anda. "Pelvic rotations: a pelvic phantom study." Acta Radiologica 48, no. 6 (2007): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02841850701326941.
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Background: Radiographic measurements made on standard pelvic radiographs are commonly used in studying conditions related to the hip joints. Effects caused by variations in pelvic orientation may be a source of error in comparing measurements between sequential radiographs. Purpose: To define and characterize parameters able to measure rotational differences separately around two axes and altered radiographic focusing along two axes when sequential standard anteroposterior (AP) pelvic radiographs are compared. Material and Methods: A pelvic phantom was constructed based on direct three-dimensional measurements of five defined landmarks in a pelvic model. Two ratios, the vertical and transversal rotation ratios, were defined using radiographs of the phantom. The phantom was radiographed in 33 different orientations and with 16 different radiographic focuses using a specially constructed tilt table. On each radiograph, measurements were made and the two rotation ratios were calculated using a measurement program. Results: Linear correlations between pelvic rotations around one axis and the corresponding rotation ratio were found with almost no influence of simultaneous rotation around the other axis. Also, linear correlations were found between altered radiographic focusing along one axis and the non-corresponding rotation ratio. Conclusion: Rotational differences around two axes or altered radiographic focusing along two axes can be measured independently. Effects caused by rotations cannot be distinguished from effects caused by altered radiographic focusing.
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Akbar, Z., O. A. Al-Juhaishi, T. A. O. Olusa, and H. M. S. Davies. "Radiographic method for evaluation of tarsus morphometry." Comparative Exercise Physiology 15, no. 5 (2019): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/cep190016.
Full textAbstract:
The equine tarsus is the most common area of the hind limb associated with lameness. Tarsal function is probably directly related to its conformation. Previous conformational measurement methods and radiological data are either limited or too specific to explain the complex tarsus conformation in different loading conditions. This study aimed to develop a consistent method to evaluate equine tarsal conformation from lateromedial radiographs. Twenty cadaveric hind limbs from 15 adult horses of different breeds were cut at the distal one third of the tibia. Hind limbs mounted in a loading rig and positioned with the metatarsus vertical were digitally radiographed. The zero-degree lateromedial (ZLM) was defined by vertical and horizontal landmarks including overlapping of the lateral and medial trochlea of the talus and a contact point between the dorsal edges of lateral and medial borders of the distal central tarsal bone. Radiographs missing these features were retaken to achieve consistent ZLM views. Specific radiographic features were selected as landmarks to develop tarsal parameters based on their clarity and their being consistently identifiable. The intra-rater repeatability of ten measurable morphometric parameters was evaluated with each radiograph measured twice with an interval of at least one month and Bland-Altman plots developed from this data. Repeat measurements did not differ significantly (Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) ranged from 0.731-0.966). This study provides a base for evaluation of the tarsal conformation by radiography.
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Benevides, Pedro Costa, Caio Augusto de Souza Nery, Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos, José Felipe Marion Alloza, and Marcelo Pires Prado. "Study of the radiographic parameters of normal ankles." Journal of the Foot & Ankle 14, no. 1 (2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/jfootankle.2020.v14.1125.
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Objective: The authors carried out a bibliographic search for the radiographic parameters used to determine tibiotalar joint alignment, and suggest a set of parameters that constitute the minimum radiographic evaluation sufficient for the proper assessment of tibiotalar alignment. Methods: The search was conducted between May 2019 and January 2020 on the online platforms PudMed and Google Scholar with the following terms, used separately or jointly: “ankle arthritis, radiographic measurement, ankle alignment, alignment, anterior ankle instability, X-ray, and ankle injury”. Results: We selected twelve studies evaluating radiographic patterns of normal ankles, and identified a total of 15 radiographic measurements. Conclusion: The authors believe that a minimum radiographic assessment of tibiotalar alignment should include the following parameters on the anteroposterior radiograph: the distal tibial articular angle, the talar tilt and talus center migration. On the lateral radiograph, it should include: lateral distal tibial angle and lateral talar station. Level of Evidence V; Diagnostic Study; Expert Opinion.
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Al-Mohrej, Omar A., Sahar S. Aldakhil, Nouf F. Alsadoun, et al. "Foot and ankle radiographic angles in a normal saudi population." Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research 5 (July 2, 2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jmsr_19_2021.
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Objectives: Radiographic reference lines, angles, and measures comprise the foundation for accurate evaluation and surgical planning of orthopedic surgeries, especially when it comes to foot and ankle deformities. To date, no study has evaluated the average parameters for foot and ankle radiography in the Saudi population. This study aimed to establish reference values of foot and ankle angles for the general Saudi population. Methods: We included 100 participants (200 feet) in this study, with 50 males and 50 females aged 21–30 years. We recruited subjects who had no history of foot or ankle pain, surgery or fracture, no evidence of ligamentous laxity, and no history of systemic disease. Bilateral anterior-posterior (AP) and lateral weight-bearing radiographs were obtained using standardized angles. A total of 19 angles on AP and 9 angles on lateral radiographs were evaluated. Radiographic parameters were compared between genders. Results: A total of 400 radiographs from 200 normal feet were evaluated. The mean ± SD age of the subjects was 22.7±1.7 years. Statistically significant differences in mean radiographic parameters were found between males and females in both radiographic projections. Conclusion: Significant variation exists between the normal foot and ankle reference angles between the Saudi population included in our study and other ethnicities. Moreover, significant differences are found between genders in our study. Considering the lack of other studies involving the Saudi population, the results of this study can help serve as a reference when evaluating Saudi patients.
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Frederiksen, N. L., and P. W. Goaz. "Parameters affecting radiographic contrast." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 19, no. 4 (1990): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.19.4.2097228.
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EL-SHAFAEY, E. A., M. G. SALEM, E. MOSBAH та A. E. ZAGHLOUL. "Morphometric evaluation of relevant radiographic parameters of the forefeet of clinically normal donkeys (Equus αsinus)". Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, № 3 (2018): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.15543.
Full textAbstract:
This study provides a standard database of morphometric evaluation of the digital bone and hoof parameters of the forefeet of clinically normal donkeys using Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) software programme, as a means to improve diagnosis and clinical decision-making regarding foot lameness in equine practice. Thirty orthopedically sound donkeys were included in this study. For each donkey forefoot, lateromedial (LM) and dorsopalmar (DP) radiographs were obtained with the foot in a vertical position. A total of 26 digital bone and hoof parameters obtained from the LM and DP radiographs were evaluated through repeated measurements of the same digitalized radiograph by three operators using DICOM software. Data of the morphometric radiographic parameters of the forefeet were statistically analyzed for the frequency distribution and calculation of the intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variation (CVs) of the reproducibility of the measured parameters. Mean ± SD of digital bone and hoof parameters were significantly different among the measurements obtained for the 26 parameters. However, intra-assay and interassay CVs for digital bone and hoof parameters measurements did not differ significantly between the three examiners. In conclusion, morphometric evaluation of the radiographic parameters of the forefeet in clinically normal donkeys, establishes a reference data base correspondingly for the donkey different to those accepted for the horse.
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Bhalla, Amandeep, Reginald Fayssoux, and Kris E. Radcliff. "Adult spinal deformity: Radiographic parameters." Seminars in Spine Surgery 27, no. 3 (2015): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.semss.2015.03.014.
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Kuong, Evelyn E., William T. Gardner, Paul A. Koljonen, Sudhir K. Mahapatra, and Wang Chow. "Normal radiographic parameters in paediatric pelvic radiographs from a Chinese population." Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics B 26, no. 4 (2017): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bpb.0000000000000426.
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Schmidt, Julia C., Claudia-Julie Gutekunst, Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt, Patrick R. Schmidlin, and Clemens Walter. "Comparison of Two-Dimensional and Three-Dimensional Radiographs Using Clinically Relevant Parameters." Dentistry Journal 7, no. 2 (2019): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj7020050.
Full textAbstract:
This work compared the assessment of clinically relevant parameters by two-dimensional, that is, full-mouth intraoral radiograph (I-O) and panoramic radiograph (OPT), and three-dimensional, that is, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), imaging methods. Different radiographic images (CBCT, I-O and OPT) were available for a 53-year-old female patient with dental and periodontal problems. A total of 14 dental and periodontal parameters were assessed by two independent examiners and compared among the three radiographic imaging modalities. For 10 parameters (71%), the CBCT images were superior to both I-O and OPT images. In contrast, CBCT demonstrated an inferior performance compared to I-O and OPT in the assessment of caries and dental restorations. Compared to OPT, I-O provided more clinically relevant findings for 10 out of 14 parameters (71%). Agreement between I-O and OPT was found with respect to dehiscence, fenestration, the number of bone walls and the root canal cross-section. Differences between the radiographic images were more likely to be detected when maxillary teeth rather than mandibular teeth were assessed with regard to furcation involvement, root proximity and root fusion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic parameters"
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Jacome, Victor Roland. "Evaluation of dose and image quality parameters for cone-beam CT localization protocols in radiation therapy." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2009.
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Parham, Christopher Allen Pisano Etta D. "System parameters and performance specifications for the application of Diffraction Enhanced Imaging and Multiple Image Radiography to breast imaging." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,294.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biomedical Engineering." Discipline: Biomedical Engineering; Department/School: Medicine.
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Al-Roubaie, Zahra. "Human breast images : segmentation, analysis and conversion to electrical parameter profiles for Semcad-X electromagnetic simulator." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116044.
Full textAbstract:
Electrical parameter profiles of human breast images can be used to simulate and analyze the anticipated effects on tissue from its interaction with electromagnetic fields involved in the cancer treatment exposure. In part, the success of this approach depends on the accuracy and precision in identifying the different tissue types. In this work, we propose two methods of segmenting human breast images with malignant tumors. The first method of algorithmic partitioning of the image involves manual color-edge contouring of the tissues using a cursor and subsequent identification of the tissue types. For the second method, MRI T1 values and thresholds are used to perform segmentation and we investigate the potential of incorporating edge detection. The first method is effective, while the second lacks precision, but eliminates the need of manual contouring. The images are imported as BMP files into SEMCAD, an electromagnetic simulation tool based on finite-difference time-domain method, which recognizes the grouped tissues and creates a model of the image. The model allows the user to easily assign electrical parameter values to the grouped tissues, according to the measured values reported in the literature.
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Fenollosa, Artés Felip. "Contribució a l'estudi de la impressió 3D per a la fabricació de models per facilitar l'assaig d'operacions quirúrgiques de tumors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667421.
Full textAbstract:
La present tesi doctoral s’ha centrat en el repte d’aconseguir, mitjançant Fabricació Additiva (FA), models per a assaig quirúrgic, sota la premissa que els equips per fer-los haurien de ser accessibles a l’àmbit hospitalari. L’objectiu és facilitar l’extensió de l’ús dels prototips com a eina de preparació d’operacions quirúrgiques, transformant la pràctica mèdica actual de la mateixa manera que en el seu moment ho van fer tecnologies com les que van facilitar l’ús de radiografies. El motiu d’utilitzar FA, en lloc de tecnologies més tradicionals, és la seva capacitat de materialitzar de forma directa les dades digitals obtingudes de l’anatomia del pacient mitjançant sistemes d’escanejat tridimensional, fent possible l’obtenció de models personalitzats. Els resultats es centren en la generació de nou coneixement sobre com aconseguir equipaments d’impressió 3D multimaterials accessibles que permetin l’obtenció de models mimètics respecte als teixits vius. Per facilitar aquesta buscada extensió de la tecnologia, s’ha focalitzat en les tecnologies de codi obert com la Fabricació per Filament Fos (FFF) i similars basades en líquids catalitzables. La recerca s’alinea dins l’activitat de desenvolupament de la FA al CIM UPC, i en aquest àmbit concret amb la col·laboració amb l’Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD). El primer bloc de la tesi inclou la descripció de l’estat de l’art, detallant les tecnologies existents i la seva aplicació a l’entorn mèdic. S’han establert per primer cop unes bases de caracterització dels teixits vius -sobretot tous- per donar suport a la selecció de materials que els puguin mimetitzar en un procés de FA, a efectes de millorar l’experiència d’assaig dels cirurgians. El caràcter rígid dels materials majoritàriament usats en impressió 3D els fa poc útils per simular tumors i altres referències anatòmiques. De forma successiva, es tracten paràmetres com la densitat, la viscoelasticitat, la caracterització dels materials tous a la indústria, l’estudi del mòdul elàstic de teixits tous i vasos, la duresa d’aquests, i requeriments com l’esterilització dels models. El segon bloc comença explorant la impressió 3D mitjançant FFF. Es classifiquen les variants del procés des del punt de vista de la multimaterialitat, essencial per fer models d’assaig quirúrgic, diferenciant entre solucions multibroquet i de barreja al capçal. S’ha inclòs l’estudi de materials (filaments i líquids) que serien més útils per mimetitzar teixits tous. Es constata com en els líquids, en comparació amb els filaments, la complexitat del treball en processos de FA és més elevada, i es determinen formes d’imprimir materials molt tous. Per acabar, s’exposen sis casos reals de col·laboració amb l’HJSD, una selecció d’aquells en els que el doctorand ha intervingut en els darrers anys. L’origen es troba en la dificultat de l’abordatge d’operacions de resecció de tumors infantils com el neuroblastoma, i a la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel. Finalment, el Bloc 3 té per objecte explorar nombrosos conceptes (fins a 8), activitat completada al llarg dels darrers cinc anys amb el suport dels mitjans del CIM UPC i de l’activitat associada a treballs finals d’estudis d’estudiants de la UPC, arribant-se a materialitzar equipaments experimentals per validar-los. La recerca ampla i sistemàtica al respecte fa que s’estigui més a prop de disposar d’una solució d’impressió 3D multimaterial de sobretaula. Es determina que la millor via de progrés és la de disposar d’una pluralitat de capçals independents a fi de capacitar la impressora 3D per integrar diversos conceptes estudiats, materialitzant-se una possible solució. Cloent la tesi, es planteja com seria un equipament d’impressió 3D per a models d’assaig quirúrgic, a fi de servir de base per a futurs desenvolupaments.<br>La presente tesis doctoral se ha centrado en el reto de conseguir, mediante Fabricación
Aditiva (FA), modelos para ensayo quirúrgico, bajo la premisa que los equipos para
obtenerlos tendrían que ser accesibles al ámbito hospitalario. El objetivo es facilitar la
extensión del uso de modelos como herramienta de preparación de operaciones
quirúrgicas, transformando la práctica médica actual de la misma manera que, en su
momento, lo hicieron tecnologías como las que facilitaron el uso de radiografías. El
motivo de utilizar FA, en lugar de tecnologías más tradicionales, es su capacidad de
materializar de forma directa los datos digitales obtenidos de la anatomía del paciente
mediante sistemas de escaneado tridimensional, haciendo posible la obtención de
modelos personalizados.
Los resultados se centran en la generación de nuevo conocimiento para conseguir
equipamientos de impresión 3D multimateriales accesibles que permitan la obtención de
modelos miméticos respecto a los tejidos vivos. Para facilitar la buscada extensión de la
tecnología, se ha focalizado en las tecnologías de código abierto como la Fabricación
por Hilo Fundido (FFF) y similares basadas en líquidos catalizables. Esta investigación
se alinea dentro de la actividad de desarrollo de la FA en el CIM UPC, y en este ámbito
concreto con la colaboración con el Hospital Sant Joan de Déu de Barcelona (HSJD).
El primer bloque de la tesis incluye la descripción del estado del arte, detallando las
tecnologías existentes y su aplicación al entorno médico. Se han establecido por primera
vez unas bases de caracterización de los tejidos vivos – principalmente blandos – para
dar apoyo a la selección de materiales que los puedan mimetizar en un proceso de FA, a
efectos de mejorar la experiencia de ensayo de los cirujanos. El carácter rígido de los
materiales mayoritariamente usados en impresión 3D los hace poco útiles para simular
tumores y otras referencias anatómicas. De forma sucesiva, se tratan parámetros como
la densidad, la viscoelasticidad, la caracterización de materiales blandos en la industria,
el estudio del módulo elástico de tejidos blandos y vasos, la dureza de los mismos, y
requerimientos como la esterilización de los modelos.
El segundo bloque empieza explorando la impresión 3D mediante FFF. Se clasifican las
variantes del proceso desde el punto de vista de la multimaterialidad, esencial para hacer
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, diferenciando entre soluciones multiboquilla y de mezcla
en el cabezal. Se ha incluido el estudio de materiales (filamentos y líquidos) que serían
más útiles para mimetizar tejidos blandos. Se constata como en los líquidos, en
comparación con los filamentos, la complejidad del trabajo en procesos de FA es más
elevada, y se determinan formas de imprimir materiales muy blandos. Para acabar, se
exponen seis casos reales de colaboración con el HJSD, una selección de aquellos en los
que el doctorando ha intervenido en los últimos años. El origen se encuentra en la
dificultad del abordaje de operaciones de resección de tumores infantiles como el
neuroblastoma, y en la iniciativa del Dr. Lucas Krauel.
Finalmente, el Bloque 3 desarrolla numerosos conceptos (hasta 8), actividad completada a lo largo de los últimos cinco años con el apoyo de los medios del CIM UPC y de la actividad asociada a trabajos finales de estudios de estudiantes de la UPC, llegándose a materializar equipamientos experimentales para validarlos. La investigación amplia y sistemática al respecto hace que se esté más cerca de disponer de una solución de impresión 3D multimaterial de sobremesa. Se determina que la mejor vía de progreso es la de disponer de una pluralidad de cabezales independientes, a fin de capacitar la impresora 3D para integrar diversos conceptos estudiados, materializándose una posible solución.
Para cerrar la tesis, se plantea cómo sería un equipamiento de impresión 3D para
modelos de ensayo quirúrgico, a fin de servir de base para futuros desarrollos.
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Roopnarian, Ashveer. "Ethnic variations of selected cervical spine radiographic parameters of males in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/686.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011.<br>Introduction: Radiographic parameters of the cervical spine are utilized by chiropractors and spinal surgeons for making diagnoses and determining management protocols. However several researchers have reported discrepancies in these parameters which need to be investigated across ethnic groups and gender.
Aim: To evaluate the normal selected cervical spine radiographic parameters i.e. the cervical lordosis (CL), sagittal canal diameter (SCD), interpedicular distance (IPD), and the cervical gravity line (CGL) in apparently healthy young to middle-aged males across four ethnic groups in Durban, KwaZulu Natal.
Participants: Eighty healthy male participants between 18 and 45 years of age of White, Black, Indian and Coloured ethnicity.
Methodology: A case history, physical examination and an orthopedic assessment of the cervical spine was conducted for each participant. Study-specific data such as age, ethnicity, weight and height were recorded. A lateral and an A-P radiograph of the cervical spine was taken of each participant. Selected radiographic parameters viz. SCD, IPD, CL, CGL were assessed and recorded. SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for data analysis.
Results: The mean (± SD) values of the CL, SCD and IPD are shown in the table below for the
respective ethnic groups
Parameter
Ethnic Group
Black (Mean (± SD))
White(Mean (± SD))
Indian(Mean (± SD))
Coloured (Mean (± SD))
CL° (C1-C7 method)
42.6° (± 9.6°)
46.2° (± 11.0°)
46.5° (± 11.3°)
47.7° (± 9.1°)
CL° (C2-C7 method)
15.1° (± 6.4°)
17.4° (± 9.3°)
13.1° (± 10.2°)
18.1° (± 10.4°)
SCD (mm)
C2
22.1mm (± 1.6)
24.1mm (± 1.4)
22.8mm (± 1.7)
22.9mm (± 1.5)
C3
19.5mm (± 1.6)
20.6mm (± 1.4)
19.7mm (± 1.6)
20.0mm (± 1.5)
C4
18.6mm (± 1.9)
19.9mm (± 1.3)
19.1mm (± 1.6)
19.5mm (± 1.3)
C5
18.9mm (± 1.8)
20.0mm (± 1.5)
19.3mm (± 1.7)
19.8mm (± 1.6)
C6
18.8mm (± 1.7)
20.4mm (± 1.5)
19.5mm (± 1.6)
20.0mm (± 1.8)
iv
C7
18.5mm (± 1.7)
20.3mm (± 1.5)
19.4mm (± 1.6)
19.7mm (± 1.9)
IPD (mm)
C3
28.2mm (± 1.2)
28.9mm (± 1.8)
27.8mm (± 1.1)
29.1mm (± 1.4)
C4
28.6mm (± 1.4)
29.6mm (± 1.8)
28.5mm (± 1.4)
29.5mm (± 1.6)
C5
29.4mm (± 1.2)
30.0mm (± 1.7)
28.8mm (± 1.2)
30.1mm (± 1.5)
C6
29.3mm (± 1.6)
30.7mm (± 1.6)
30.0mm (± 1.6)
30.1mm (± 1.5)
C7
29.3mm (± 1.2)
30.1mm (± 1.5)
29.6mm (± 1.6)
30.3mm (± 1.9)
There was anterior placement of the CGL in 60% of the Black ethnic group, 45% of the White ethnic group, 55.6% of the Indian ethnic group and 52.6% of the Coloured ethnic group. No significant differences in mean CL was observed across the four ethnic groups for both methods utilized (p > 0.05). The significant differences in SCD lay between the White and Black ethnic groups at C2, C6 and C7 (p = 0.002, 0.030 and 0.017, respectively, ANOVA). The C3 and C5 IPD varied significantly between the Coloured and Indian ethnic group (p = 0.048 and 0.027, respectively, ANOVA). The CGL was not influenced by the CL in all the ethnic groups.
Conclusion: Significant differences were observed between ethnic groups for the SCD and IPD. These will assist South African health care practitioners with patient management within these ethnic groups when diagnosing spinal stenosis and tumors. A larger South African based population should be evaluated to confirm the trends observed utilizing digitized diagnostic imaging modalities including radiographs, CT and MRI scans as errors may occur during manual assessment of conventional radiographs.
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Naicker, Janeene Tamara. "Ethnic variations of selected cervical spine radiographic parameters of females in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/937.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the
Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2012.<br>Aim: To evaluate the normal selected cervical spine radiographic parameters i.e. the
cervical lordosis (CL), sagittal canal diameter (SCD), interpedicular distance (IPD) and
cervical gravity line (CGL) in asymptomatic young to middle-aged females across four
ethnic groups (Black, White, Indian and Coloured) in Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South
Africa.
Participants: Eighty apparently healthy females between the ages of 18 and 45 years
from the Black, Indian, Coloured and White ethnic groups in Durban, KwaZulu Natal.
Methodology: Written informed consent was obtained from each participant. A case
history, physical examination and an orthopaedic assessment of the cervical spine was
conducted for each participant. Study specific data such as ethnicity, age, height and
weight was recorded. A lateral and an A-P radiograph of the cervical spine were taken for
each participant. The selected radiographic parameters viz. cervical lordosis (CL), sagittal
canal diameter (SCD), interpedicular distance (IPD) and cervical gravity line (CGL) were
evaluated according to methods described previously. SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc.,
Chicago, Illinois, USA) was used for data analysis. Coefficients of variation were
calculated within ethnic groups to assess intra-group variation. Inter-group variation was
assessed using ANOVA testing with Bonferroni-adjusted post-hoc tests in the case of a
significant ANOVA test. Pearson’s chi square test was used to assess the association
between ethnic groups and position of the CGL. T-tests were used to compare mean CL
between those with anterior and normally placed CGL within each ethnic group.
Results:
The mean ± SD of the CL in South African females by ethnic group using the C1-C7 and C2-
C7 methods
CERVICAL LORDOSIS (mean ± SD) (°)
ETHNICITY
C1-C7 C2-C7
Black 42.1° (±13.4) 16.3° (±8.3)
White 37.4° (±10.3) 9.9° (±4.8)
Indian 33.7° (±9.7) 6.9° (±4.8)
Coloured 42.5°(±10.9) 12.1° (±9.5)
The mean ± SD of the SCD in South African females by ethnic group
SAGITTAL CANAL DIAMETER (mean ±SD)(mm)
ETHNICITY
Black
White
Indian
Coloured
SCDC2 SCDC3 SCDC4 SCDC5 SCDC6 SCDC7
20.2 (±1.7) 17.4 (±1.4) 17.2 (±1.4) 17.0 (±1.4) 17.6 (±1.3) 17.5 (±1.4)
20.8 (± 2.2) 17.9 (±1.6) 17.6 (±1.6) 17.4 (±1.6) 17.6 (±1.4) 21.0 (±2.0) 18.2 (±1.7) 17.5 (±1.5) 17.4 (±1.7) 17.6 (±1.6) 17.1 (±1.5)
20.3 (±1.6) 17.5 (±1.8) 17.4 (±1.5) 17.7 (±1.2) 17.6 (±1.3) 16.9 (±1.2)
16.9 (±1.4)
The mean ± SD of the IPD in South African females by ethnic group
INTERPEDICULAR DISTANCE (mean ±SD)(mm)
ETHNICITY IPDC3 IPDC4 IPDC5 IPDC6 IPDC7
Black
27.0 (±2.8) 27.6 (±3.2) 28.2 (±4.0) 28.9 (±4.2) 27.5 (±3.5)
White 28.4 (±2.6) 28.8 (±2.2) 29.5 (±2.3) 29.3 (±2.5) 28.2 (±2.9)
Indian 27.2 (±1.8) 27.5 (±1.8) 27.9 (±1.6) 27.9 (±1.6) 27.5 (±2.0)
Coloured 27.9 (±2.3) 27.8 (±2.3) 28.3 (±2.2) 28.4 (±1.8) 28.2 (±1.7)
The placement of the CGL in South African females in each ethnic group
CERVICAL GRAVITY LINE
ETHNICITY PLACEMENT OF CGL
Black 70% anterior placement
White 70% anterior placement
Indian 60% anterior placement
Coloured 60% anterior placement
The C1-C7 measurements and the C2-C7 CL measurements were significantly different
amongst the ethnic groups. For the C2-C7 method, Blacks differed significantly from both
Whites (p = 0.037) and Indians (p = 0.001; Bonferroni adjusted post-hoc test); with the
values for the Blacks being higher than both Whites and Indians. There was no correlation
between CL and BMI amongst any of the selected ethnic groups. There were no
significant differences in the mean SCD and IPD amongst the ethnic groups (p > 0.05;
ANOVA test). There was no significant association between any ethnic group and the
position of the CGL (p = 0.830; Pearson’s chi square test). In Black females, those with a
normally positioned CGL had significantly higher C2-C7 CL measurements (p = 0.008; T-
tests). There was no correlation between the CL and anterior placing of the CGL in any of
the ethnic groups.
Conclusion:
No individual differences were observed in the CL amongst the ethnic
groups when using the C1-C7 method. However, significant differences were observed
when the C2-C7 method was used. There were no significant differences observed in the
mean SCD and IPD amongst the ethnic groups. In Black females, those with a normally
positioned CGL had significantly higher C2-C7 CL measurements. The trends observed in
this research study and the differences in the findings to those of previous studies lay the
platform for a larger population-based study across South Africa to establish normative
reference values for each radiographic parameter specific for gender and ethnicity.
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Govender, Derusha. "Racial variations of selected thoracic spine radiographic parameters of males in the greater Durban area." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1056.
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Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2014.<br>Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the normal selected radiographic parameters (thoracic kyphosis (TK), anterior vertebral body height (AVBH), posterior vertebral body height (PVBH), intervertebral disc height (IVDH) and interpedicular distance (IPD)) in young to middle-aged males across the four racial groups in Durban.
Participants: Eighty young to middle-aged apparently healthy males between the ages of 18-45 years from the White, Black, Indian and Coloured racial groups in Durban.
Methodology: After written informed consent was acquired, all participants underwent a case history, physical examination and thoracic orthopaedic examination. An AP and lateral radiograph of the thoracic spine was then obtained. The TK, AVBH, PVBH, IVDH and IPD were assessed using methods described previously. The IBM SPSS version 20 was utilized for the data analysis. Mean, standard deviation (SD) and range are reported for the TK, AVBH, PVBH and IPD for each of the four racial groups. For the IVDH, however, the median for the respective vertebral levels is given. ANOVA testing with Bonferroni post-hoc tests were used to determine overall inter-group variations and compare each group to the other. Pearson’s correlation test was used to determine the relationship between the thoracic kyphosis and the other radiographic parameters that were assessed.
Results : The mean, SD, minimum and maximum values of the thoracic kyphosis by racial group
There was no significant difference in the TK among the four race groups. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the AVBH, PVBH, IVDH and IPD between the White, Black, Indian and Coloured males at various thoracic levels.
Conclusion: The trends of the various radiographic parameters observed in this study support the argument that these parameters should be based on sex, age and geographic race. These values would be useful for South African spinal health care practitioners in the diagnosis and management of spinal disorders.
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Chang, Vicki, and 張德秀. "Effects of a Structured Exercise Program in Sedentary Dogs with Asymptomatic Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease: Quality of Life, and Radiographic and Echocardiographic Parameters." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/736q93.
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Alves, Stefan Ferreira. "Radiografia-X de pintura : fundamentos radiológicos, parâmetros radiográficos e potencialidades interpretativas." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/23670.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo visa o desenvolvimento do conhecimento sobre radiografia-X aplicado a pintura,
com enfoque em pintura de cavalete, sobre madeira e sobre tela.
É traçada uma perspetiva histórica, desde a descoberta dos raios X por Wilhelm Röntgen,
passando pelo impacto consequente em termos radiológicos e radiográficos, até à sua
implementação no campo das obras de arte.
Descrevem-se os fundamentos radiológicos implicados neste tipo de exame, naquilo que é a
natureza da radiação eletromagnética, o modo como são produzidos os raios X e os
fenómenos que decorrem da sua interação com a matéria.
São avaliados todos os fatores radiográficos no que respeita à natureza da radiação, aos
parâmetros instrumentais, aos geometrismos de posicionamentos ou à inclusão de estruturas
adicionais, e a descrição sistematizada do seu impacto na qualidade da imagem, quer no
suporte analógico de película, quer na sua vertente digital.
Na componente de leitura dos dados obtidos, é delineada uma metodologia específica de
interpretação de imagem, sendo descritos e explorados casos concretos de estudo que ilustram
a capacidade de fornecimento de novas informações, em pintura de cavalete, deste exame de
área não destrutivo.<br>This study aims to develop the knowledge about the application of X-radiographs to easel
painting, focusing on those with wood and canvas supports.
An historical perspective is drawn, from the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Röntgen,
through the following radiological and radiographic impact, to the implementation in the field
of art works.
It is described the radiological basis involved in this type of examination, concerning the
nature of electromagnetic radiation, the way X-rays are produced and the resultant
phenomena of its interaction with matter.
Every radiographic factor is evaluated such as the nature of the radiation, the instrumental
parameters, geometrical and placements issues or the inclusion of additional structures, and
then proceed to the systematic description of its impact on image quality, whether in analogic
film, as on digital support.
In the reading component of the data, it is outlined a specific methodology of image
interpretation, being described and explored specific case studies that illustrate the ability to
supply new information on easel painting, by this non-destructive exam.
Book chapters on the topic "Radiographic parameters"
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Khan-Perez, Jennifer, Elaine Harkness, Clare Mercer, et al. "Volumetric Breast Density and Radiographic Parameters." In Breast Imaging. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07887-8_38.
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Reid, Patrick, Jeffrey Varghese, and Virginie Lafage. "Radiographic Parameters of Adult Lumbar Scoliosis." In Adult Lumbar Scoliosis. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47709-1_3.
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Magalhães, L. A. G., G. G. Drexler, and C. E. de Almeida. "EVALUATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE QUALITY OF RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE OBTAINED WITH REX SIMULATOR." In IFMBE Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-03879-2_191.
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Hoffmeister, H. M., G. A. Abels, G. Fuhrer, and W. Heller. "Effects of Intravascular Ionic and Non-Ionic Radiographic Contrast Agents on Parameters of the Kallikrein-Kinin-System." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9543-4_73.
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Prokop, M., C. Schaefer, J. W. Oestmann, A. Meschede, S. Reichelt, and M. Galanski. "Optimal Parameters for Unsharp Mask Filtering of Digital Chest Radiographs." In Computer Assisted Radiology / Computergestützte Radiologie. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-00807-2_24.
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Wallingford, Richard M., and John P. Basart. "Model-Based Flaw Reconstruction and Flaw Parameter Estimation Using a Limited Set of Radiographic Projections." In Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5772-8_93.
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"30 Radiographic Parameters of Spinal Deformity." In Handbook of Spine Surgery, edited by Ali A. Baaj, Praveen V. Mummaneni, Juan S. Uribe, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and Mark S. Greenberg. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/b-0036-140371.
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Medoff, Robert J., and Steven M. Koehler. "Radiographic Parameters of Distal Radius Fractures." In Distal Radius Fractures. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-75764-5.00010-x.
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Christopher Aranha Watanabe, Plauto, Giovani Antonio Rodrigues, Marcelo Rodrigues Azenha, et al. "Bone Quality of the Dento-Maxillofacial Complex and Osteoporosis. Opportunistic Radiographic Interpretation." In Osteoporosis - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96487.
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Research suggests the use of different indexes on panoramic radiography as a way to assess BMD and to be able to detect changes in bone metabolism before fractures occur. Therefore, the objective of this chapter is to describe the use of these parameters as an auxiliary mechanism in the detection of low bone mineral density, as well as to characterize the radiographic findings of patients with osteoporosis.
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Haddas, R., S. Kisinde, D. Mar, and I. Lieberman. "Does improved radiographic alignment truly enhance dynamic functional balance?" In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/shti210433.
Full textAbstract:
Prospective, concurrent-cohort study. To establish the relationship between radiographic alignment parameters and functional CoE measurements at one week before and at three months after realignment surgery in ADS patients. Adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS) represents a significant healthcare burden with exceedingly high and increasing prevalence, particularly among the elderly. Radiographic alignment measures and patient-reported outcomes currently serve as the standard means to assess spinal alignment, deformity, and stability. Neurological examinations have served as qualitative measures for indicating muscle strength, motor deficits, and gait abnormalities. Three-Dimensional motion analysis is increasingly being used to identify and measure gait and balance instability. Recently, techniques have been established to quantify balance characteristics described by Dubousset as the “cone of economy” (CoE). The relationship between radiographic alignment parameters and CoE balance measures of ADS patients before and after realignment surgery is currently unknown. 29 ADS patients treated with realignment surgery. Patients were evaluated at one week before realignment surgery and at their three-month follow-up examination. During each evaluation, patients completed self-reported outcomes (visual analog scales for pain, Oswestry Disability Index, SRS22r) and a functional balance test. Mean changes in dependent measures from before to after surgery were compared using paired t-tests. Pearson correlations were used to test for significant correlations between changes in radiographic and CoE measures. Significant improvements were found for all patient-reported outcomes, in several radiographic measures, and in CoE measures. Improvements of scoliosis Cobb angle, coronal pelvic tilt, lumbar lordosis, and thoracic kyphosis showed significant correlations with CoE sway and total distance measures at both the center of mass and center of the head. Improved radiographic alignment measures significantly correlated with improved CoE balance measures among ADS patients treated with realignment surgery at their three-month follow-up. These findings indicate that functional balance evaluations when used in conjunction with radiographic measurements, may provide a more robust and improved patient-specific sensitivity for postoperative assessments. CoE balance may represent a new measure of added value for surgical intervention of ADS.
Conference papers on the topic "Radiographic parameters"
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Savoie, Charles, and Darryl Rivest. "Advanced Radiographic Scanning, Enhancement and Electronic Data Storage." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27174.
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It is a well-known fact that radiographs deteriorate with time. Substantial cost is attributed to cataloguing and storage. To eliminate deterioration issues and save time retrieving radiographs, laser scanning techniques were developed in conjunction with viewing and enhancement software. This will allow radiographs to be successfully scanned and stored electronically for future reference. Today’s radiographic laser scanners are capable of capturing images with an optical density of up to 4.1 at 256 grey levels and resolutions up to 4096 pixels per line. An industrial software interface was developed for the non-destructive testing industry so that certain parameters such as scan resolution, number of scans, file format and location to be saved could be adjusted as needed. Once the radiographs have been scanned, the tiff images are stored, or retrieved into Radiance software (developed by Rivest Technologies Inc.), which will help to properly interpret the radiographs. Radiance was developed to allow the user to quickly view the radiograph’s correctness or enhance its defects for comparison and future evaluation. Radiance also allows the user to zoom, measure and annotate areas of interest. Physical cost associated with cataloguing, storing and retrieving radiographs can be eliminated. You can now successfully retrieve and view your radiographs from CD media or dedicated hard drive at will. For continuous searches and/or field access, dedicated hard drives controlled by a server would be the media of choice. All scanned radiographs will be archived to CD media (CD-R). Laser scanning with a proper acquisition interface and easy to use viewing software will permit a qualified user to identify areas of interest and share this information with his/her colleagues via e-mail or web data access.
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Felisberto, Marcelo K., Guilherme A. Schneider, Tania M. Centeno, and Lucia V. R. de Arruda. "Automatic Detection of Pipeline Components in Radiographs for Corrosion Monitoring." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10462.
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This paper introduces new techniques to support industrial radiographic inspection, aiming at automatic corrosion monitoring in pipeline systems. Using the methodologies we proposed, pipeline components to be inspected are automatically detected in the radiographic image, their wall thicknesses are measured and parameters for corrosion detection are computed. For the automatic detection and recognition of pipeline components, we developed a new method that uses image matching techniques in conjunction with genetic algorithms. For measuring the pipe wall thicknesses we used image segmentation techniques based on the analysis of image line profiles. As a result, analysis of pipeline radiographs for corrosion monitoring can be automatically performed, improving the reliability and speed of the inspection process.
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Brok, Martin, and Cornelis H. Slump. "Automatic Determination Of Image Quality Parameters In Digital Radiographic Imaging Systems." In 1989 Medical Imaging, edited by Samuel J. Dwyer III, R. Gilbert Jost, and Roger H. Schneider. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.953209.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "New IQI for Digital Radiography." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26188.
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Radiographic Test (RT) has been widely used in industries to detect inner defects of welded structures or any other significant components. Especially in the nuclear industry, film radiography is the dominant and standardized procedure in performing radiographic testing. Lately emphasis is on digital radiography. One of the most serious concerns for digitization is the lack of image resolution standardizing device like resolution gauge which would determine imaging parameters such as modular transfer function (MTF). This paper proposes line pair type image quality indicator (IQI) corresponding to the current IQIs for both hole and wire type. The advantage of this IQI is to enable easier calibration of testing conditions and quantification of digital RT image quality with required MTF that should be clearly defined in the examination procedures. Furthermore, to acquire “resolution-ensured” digital image of existing RT films, we developed line pair type standardization film. Prototypes of line pair type IQI and line pair type standardization film are currently in the validation study and trial implementing process. These results are also reported in this paper.
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Marmor, Meir, Erik N. Hansen, Hyun Kyu Han, Jenni M. Buckley, and Amir Matityahu. "Assessment of Radiographic Parameters for Adequate Reduction Following Syndesmotic Injury Causing Fibular Malrotation." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19082.
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Rotational ankle injuries are one of the most common musculoskeletal problems treated by orthopaedic surgeons. The distal tibio-fibular syndesmosis may be disrupted during injury resulting in ankle instability. The goal of surgery is to restore anatomic relation of tibia, fibula, and talus. Any malreduction including that of the syndesmosis may result in poor clinical outcomes [1]. While currently accepted radiographic criteria can adequately detect tibio-fibular diasthesis or translation malreductions, it is not yet clear if the currently these criteria are equally suited for detection of rotational malreductions of the tibio-fibular syndesmosis [2]. The goal of this study is to quantify the sensitivity of fluoroscopic measurements of tibio-fibular overlap (TFO) and tibio-fibular clear space (TCS) to rotational malreductions of the syndesmosis. Standard x-ray imaging will be compared with a 3D fluoroscan which will simulate postoperative CT [3].
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Long, Jason T., Mei Wang, Jack M. Winters, and Gerald F. Harris. "A multisegmental foot model with bone-based referencing: Sensitivity to radiographic input parameters." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649294.
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Liu, Shu H., Ju Ding, and Jian F. Zhang. "Research on Digital Radiographic Inspection of In-Service Fiber Reinforced Plastic Pipe." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21092.
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Abstract With the development of material technology, non-metallic materials are applied to pressure pipes in petrochemical plant. Fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) is widely used because high mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. The non-metallic pipeline has been running for more than 20 years in petrochemical plant of China. Due to the fiber material anisotropy, it is difficult to measure thickness and detect defect by conventional ultrasonic method in FRP inspection. According to Chinese pressure pipeline inspection laws and regulations, the main inspection methods are macroscopic examination and hydraulic pressure test. The inspection of non-metallic pipelines has not been specified in detail. Compared with traditional radiographic detection, digital radiographic detection has better contrast and image processing technology, so digital radiographic detection has more advantages in thickness measurement and corrosion detection. Elbows are most prone to corrosion defects due to fluid erosion. In this paper, fiber reinforced plastic pipe is detected by digital radiographic technology. In digital radiographic detection, appropriate parameters and accurate measurement are proposed. The accurate wall thickness of the pipe is obtained and the internal defects are detected. By comparing the measurement results with the actual wall thickness, the measurement accuracy of digital radiographic detection could meet the requirement of ultrasonic thickness gauge in NB/T47013.3. Digital radiographic technology is strongly recommended for FRP pipeline periodic inspection.
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Ao, Zhijun, Leon Li, and Zunfa Wei. "A Study on a Multiple Film Technique Utilized in Radiographic Examination for Steel Castings With Complicated Geometry." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3738.
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Castings on transit railcars often have complicated geometry. Varying thicknesses and limited space for shooting are difficult for radiographic testing of such castings. To reach the high-quality requirements of the density, accuracy, contrast, and sharpness of the films, a series of experiment were performed on one casting with complicated geometry to compare different results from different shooting methodologies. Films with different ISO speeds are suitable for different wall thickness while their detection ranges overlap with each other. By adopting multiple film techniques, radiographic quality is enhanced when inspecting complicated castings geometries. The utilization of lead intensifying screen contributes to improve the image quality of the radiograph, so that the absorption of different sections is equalized and the prescribed quality level and density requirements are met. Latitude of film is improved by selecting appropriate voltage. Source-to-film distance is increased in order to minimize geometric unsharpness and ensure overall uniformity. Lead foil screens are utilized as a filter in front of films to absorb scattered radiation. In addition, back scatter radiation is reduced by placing lead plates behind the cassette. Large focal spot size is adopted. Short time of exposure is preferentially selected for the purpose of reducing the active time of scattered radiation. Moreover, the selection of other associated processing parameters helps to lessen the adverse effects caused by complicated casting geometries. The results of these experiments show that the quantities of films and inspection cost can be reduced, efficiency of inspection can be improved; missing detection in complicated areas can be effectively avoided; the detection capability is increased and reliability of inspection results is ensured. In conclusion, the multiple film technique is a satisfactory methodology for radiographic testing of steel castings with complicated geometry.
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Bobby, Thomas Christy, and Swaminathan Ramakrishnan. "Evaluation of Human Femur Bone Radiographic Images Using AdaBoost and Support Vector Machines." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-65107.
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In this work, classification of normal and abnormal human femur bone images are carried out using Support Vector Machines (SVM) and AdaBoost classifiers. The trabecular (soft bone) regions of human femur bone images (N = 44) recorded under standard conditions are used for the study. The acquired images are subjected to auto threshold binarization algorithm to recognize the presence of mineralization and trabecular structures in the digitized images. The mechanical strength regions such as primary compressive and tensile are delineated by semi-automated image processing methods from the digitized femur bone images. The first and higher order statistical parameters are calculated from the intensity values of the delineated regions of interest and their gray level co-occurrence matrices respectively. The significant parameters are found using principal component analysis. The first two most significant parameters are used as input to the classifiers. Statistical classification tools such as SVM and AdaBoost are employed for the classification. Results show that the AdaBoost classifier performs better in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the chosen parameters for primary compressive and tensile regions compared to SVM.
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Jiang, Feifei, Jie Chen, David E. Komatsu, and Shuning Li. "Healing Progress of Fractured Bone: A Longitudinal Study." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-204787.
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In orthopedics research, assessment of fracture healing progress is vital for evaluating treatment strategies and drug effects. Currently, biomechanical testing represents the ‘gold standard’ for determining the extent of healing, with the parameters of stiffness and strength most often reported. Unfortunately, such testing requires destructive examination of samples, which allows healing to be checked at only one time-point per animal. Thus, evaluation of healing requires large sample sizes to achieve statistical power. In contrast, longitudinal studies of individual animals allows for self-comparison, which is more reliable, and can be used to evaluate bone healing as time elapses. Recently, longitudinal radiographic assessment of bone healing in rats, using parameters such the level of bone mineralization, morphological changes, and distribution of the mineralized bone, has been reported. However, the ability to quantify the biomechanical properties of healing bones based on longitudinal radiographic images provides an tremendous opportunity to increase the value of such studies.
Reports on the topic "Radiographic parameters"
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Klasky, Marc, Balasubramanya Nadiga, Jennifer Disterhaupt, et al. Uncertainties in Density and Simulation Parameters for Radiographic Reconstructions Using Machine Learning. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1632660.
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