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Journal articles on the topic 'Radiographic sciences'
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Decusară, Mioara, Cerasella-Dorina Şincar, Alexandru Nicolau, and Teodora Denisa Gheorghi. "The importance of 3D imaging for the orthodontic diagnosis and treatment." Romanian Journal of Stomatology 62, no. 4 (2016): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjs.2016.4.3.
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Within a century, dental radiology “suffered” transformation, beginning with periapical radiographs, cephalograms and panoramic radiography and continuing with digital imaging and cone beam computed tomography. In contemporary dental practice is importantant to choose the type of radiographic investigation in order to achieve a complete and accurate diagnosis, so necessary for determining the treatment plan for patients with dental-maxillary abnormalities. We conducted a comparative study between conventional radiographic investigation (periapical radiographs, panoramic radiography) and cone beam computed tomography in patients with malocclusions. The costs and radiation doses are low to the classic X-rays, but the diagnosis is given by the two-dimensional image of a three-dimensional dental-maxillary pathologies. Cone Beam CT scans were relatively high in cost and in radiation doses, but provided three-dimensional images and anatomic and radiological data of superior quality to the classics.
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Pavelski, Mariana, Daniele Von Kruger Amaral, Giovana Paladino Vieira, et al. "Comparative analyses of thoracic radiographs and bronchoalveolar lavage of dogs and cats with chronic bronchial diseases." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 3 (2017): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1403.
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There is a high incidence of bronchitis and asthma cases in veterinary medicine. Thoracic radiographs and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) are commonly performed for definitive diagnosis in dogs and cats with suspected bronchitis and asthma. It is believed that a combination of diagnostic tools is the best choice to achieve a diagnosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of thoracic radiographs and BAL in the diagnosis of chronic bronchial disease (CBD) in dogs and cats and whether there is any specific radiographic finding that could influence the indication for bronchoalveolar lavage. It was performed a cross-sectional, prospective, observational study including forty client-owned dogs and cats with lower respiratory tract signs and positive radiographic opacities that were evaluated with BAL followed by cytology and culture. The radiographic results compared with BAL culture showed a sensitivity of 38%, specificity of 95% and accuracy of 65% in detecting patients with pneumonia associated with chronic bronchial disease. Thoracic radiographs were effective in diagnosing 65% of the patients, radiographs plus BAL cytology diagnosed 75% of patients and the combination of radiographs, BAL cytology and culture diagnosed 95% of the patients with chronic bronchial disease. In conclusion, the combination of radiographic examination with BAL followed by cytological and microbiological analyses increases diagnostic success in CBD.
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Jojima, Flavio Shigueru, Stephany Buba Lucina, Alexandre Leseur Santos, Marlos Gonçalves Sousa, and Tilde Rodrigues Froes. "Use of measurements from thoracic radiographs to identify high mean left atrium pressure in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 1 (2019): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n1p191.
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The aim of this study was to estimate echocardiographic elevated mean left atrium pressure (MLAP) based on measurements from thoracic radiographs and to determine a cut-off value for each radiographic measurement that suggests a high MLAP. A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed to include cases admitted from January 2015 to December 2016. Thoracic radiographic examinations from 93 dogs with and without a high MLAP were included. Specific measurements were made from thoracic radiographs and compared with echocardiographic variables known to indicate high MLAP. This comparison was used to generate equations that allowed the estimation of echocardiographic surrogates from the radiographic measurements. The values indicative of high MLAP were obtained using a regression curve. Formulas that indicated high MLAP were generated using a number of radiographic measurements. Positive echocardiographic findings of high MLAP were used as the gold standard. These formulas helped to predict high MLAP in myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) without the need for echocardiographic examination. The best formula was left atrium (LA):aorta (Ao)echo = 0.03×(vertebral heart score,VHS) + 0.14×(LA) + 0.27×(LA:caudal vena cava (CVC)rad). Values ? 12.2v for VHS, ? 4.5cm for LA, ? 3.3 for LA:Aorad and ? 3.2 for LA:CVCrad suggested high MLAP. Thus, we propose equations, based on measurements from thoracic radiographs, to identify high MLAP. Simple radiographic thoracic measurements, such as LA:CVCrad, can be used to define overload and a high MLAP in dogs with MMVD.
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Pai, Keerthilatha M., Anuna Laila Mathew, and Amar A. Sholapurkar. "Maxillary Sinus Findings in the Elderly: A Panoramic Radiographic Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 10, no. 6 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-10-6-41.
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Abstract Aim The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of maxillary sinus findings in elderly subjects above the age of 50 through the use of panoramic radiography and to test the hypothesis that such findings are more prevalent in dentate subjects. Methods and Materials A total of 105 subjects over the age of 50 years were examined both clinically and radiographically in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology of the Manipal College of Dental Sciences in Manipal, India, over a period of three months for various reasons. Eight were excluded due to the lack of diagnostic quality of their radiographs. The manually calculated kappa test was used to determine the statistical significance of intra-examiner reliability. The other data were analyzed using a manually calculated z-test for proportions where z ≥ 1.96 or p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The prevalence of radiographic maxillary sinus findings in 97 elderly subjects (aged above 50 years) were investigated with the use of panoramic radiography. Fifty subjects had at least one natural tooth radiographically in the upper jaw and 39 subjects were radiographically edentulous in the upper jaw. Mucous cysts or diffused mucosal thickenings were found in 42.26% of the subjects. Of the mucosal thickenings, 74.35% were found in subjects with a dentate upper jaw (p<0.05). The prevalence of a mucous cyst was 2.06% in subjects with a dentate upper jaw and a finding of no mucous cysts in edentulous subjects suggests an odontogenic cause. Conclusions According to the findings of the present study, the presence of mucosal thickening or mucosal cysts may be due to the presence of irritative stimuli, often an infection of dental origin, as these findings are more prevalent in dentulous subjects. Clinical Significance The panoramic radiograph is an excellent diagnostic tool for the identification of mucosal thickening and mucosal cysts. The accurate diagnosis of infective foci (chronic apical periodontitis, deep pockets caused by periodontitis) is necessary, because in conditions of decreased host resistance it may lead to acute sinusitis. Citation Mathew AL, Sholapurkar AA, Pai KM. Maxillary Sinus Findings in the Elderly: A Panoramic Radiographic Study. J Contemp Dent Pract [Internet]. 2009 Nov; 10(6):041-048. Available from: http://www.thejcdp.com/journal/ view/volume10-issue6-mathew.
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Bhardwaj, Atul, Puneeta D. Ahuja, Sheetal P. Mhaske, Gaurav Mishra, and Ruby Dwivedi. "Assessment of Root Resorption and Root Shape by Periapical and Panoramic Radiographs: A Comparative Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 6 (2017): 479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2069.
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ABSTRACT Introduction One of the common findings encountered by the clinician at the end of orthodontic treatment is the apical root resorption. Root resorption occurs to various degrees. A severe form of root resorption is characterized by shortening of root for more than 4 mm or more than one-third of the total tooth length. A low incidence rate of resorption is observed based on radiographic findings for the diagnosis of root resorption, panoramic radiography, and periapical radiography. Hence, we evaluated the accuracy of panoramic radiographic films for assessing the root resorption in comparison with the periapical films. Materials and methods This study included the assessment of all the cases in which pre- and post-treatment radiographs were available for analysis of the assessment of the amount of root resorption. Complete records of 80 patients were analyzed. Examination of a total of 900 teeth was done. Mean age of the patients in this study was 21 years ranging from 11 to 38 years. The majority of the patients in the present study were females. All the treatments were carried out by registered orthodontists having minimum experience of more than 10 years. All the cases were divided into two study groups. Group I comprised panoramic radiographic findings, while group II consisted of periapical radiographic findings. For the measurement of crown portion, root portion, and the complete root length, magnification loops of over 100 powers with parallax correction with inbuilt grids were used. Assessment of the tooth length and the crown length was done by the same observers. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software version 6.0. Results Maximum amount of root resorption was observed in case of maxillary central incisors and canines among group I and II cases respectively. However, nonsignificant difference was obtained while comparing the mean root resorption in relation to maxillary incisors and canines among the two study groups. While comparing the overall value of root resorption among the two study groups, a significant difference was obtained. The maximum value of tooth length in both the groups was observed in cases of maxillary canines. Significant differences were observed while comparing the tooth length of various teeth among the two study groups. Among the deviated forms of root shape, dilaceration was the most common form of root shape detected in both the study groups. Conclusion Periapical radiographs are more efficient in the assessment of the shape and resorption of the root. Clinical significance Thorough evaluation of periapical radiographs is necessary for detection of even minute levels of root resorption. How to cite this article Ahuja PD, Mhaske SP, Mishra G, Bhardwaj A, Dwivedi R, Mangalekar SB. Assessment of Root Resorption and Root Shape by Periapical and Panoramic Radiographs: A Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):479-483.
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Alhamdu, Moi, Ukeme Pius, and Joseph Dlama. "Assessment of the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography in two federal hospitals in Maiduguri, Borno state." Journal of applied health sciences 5, no. 1 (2019): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24141/1/5/1/12.
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Objectives: To determine the rationale behind the concurrent practice of conventional and computed radiography systems in two federal hospitals and to determine the advantages and disadvantages Methodology: Fifty-one questionnaires comprising 22 items and divided into four sections were distributed to radiologists, radiographers and intern radiographers. Analysis was carried out using the Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0. Chi-square was used to test the hypothesis with the significance level of p&lt;0.05. Results: Most respondents (68.6%, n=35) agreed that the incidence of preference of one radiographic system over the other by referring physicians was the main rationale for the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems in their departments. Majority (88.2%, n=45) agreed that the main advantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that each radiographic system could serve as backup in the event of breakdown of one system. Majority (66.7%, n=34) agreed that the main disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems was that it was expensive to practice and maintain both systems concurrently. Chi square value was statistically significant p&lt;0.005. Conclusion: The major rationale was preference by referring physicians. The study revealed the advantages of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems and the provision of a backup system in the event of break down. The disadvantage of the concurrent practice of both radiographic systems is the cost of maintenance and the incidence of undue preference of one radiographic system over another. Acknowledgement: we acknowledge the management and staff of Radiology departments of the two hospitals where the study took place.
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Kerrigan, Alicia, and Waleed Kishta. "Radiographic Analysis of Surgically Treated Flatfoot Deformity in Children with Cerebral Palsy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00285.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Pes planovalgus is the most common foot deformity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Many of these patients become functionally limited and require surgical intervention. The objectives of this study are to apply previously validated radiographic parameters to radiographs of children with CP who have undergone surgical intervention for pes planovalgus deformity and to assess if these radiographic parameters show improvements post-operatively. Furthermore, this study aims to determine which of these parameters can most accurately be used to quantify correction post-surgery. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients aged five to 17 with a diagnosis of CP who underwent lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy for pes planovalgus between 2006 and 2015 at London Health Sciences Center. The previously validated radiographic measurements were applied to pre-operative and post-operative radiographs. A normality test was performed to observe whether participants were normally distributed with regard to the severity of their deformity. Paired T-test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to compare changes in radiographic measurements from before and after surgery. Results: Seventeen patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age of selected patients was 13.06 years (range 9.42-16.75 years). This included 11 males and six females, all with spastic CP (12 diplegic, five hemiplegic). Of these patients, 11 underwent bilateral surgery and six underwent unilateral surgery (28 feet). These patients were followed post-operatively for a mean of 7.97 months (range 1.5-20 months). In comparing the radiographs from before and after surgery, statistically significant changes were seen in five out of the seven measurements. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to have the most significant change post-correction. Conclusion: The previously validated radiographic parameters used to assess foot and ankle deformity can be applied to the surgically treated pes planovalgus foot in patients with CP. It was found that five out of the seven measurements used to assess foot deformity changed significantly with surgical intervention. Talonavicular coverage angle was found to be the most accurate measure for post-surgical correction. This is the first study to apply these parameters to CP patients with surgically treated flatfoot deformity. Lateral calcaneal lengthening osteotomy significantly improves these radiographic measures.
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Najefi, Ali-Asgar, Olatunbosun Buraimoh, and Andrew Goldberg. "Should the Tibiotalar Angle Be Measured Using an AP or Mortise X-ray?" Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 3, no. 3 (2018): 2473011418S0036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011418s00364.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics Introduction/Purpose: The tibiotalar angle(TTA) is an important radiographic tool to determine alignment or malalignment of the ankle and hindfoot.Two methods of measuring the TTA have been described. The midline TTA(MTTA) is when the first line is along the anatomical axis of the tibia, and the second line is along the superior articular surface of the talus. Another method measures a line along the lateral border of the tibia, and a line along the superior articular surface of the talus (the lateral TTA, LTTA). The aims of the study were to compare the two angles as measured on mortise and AP radiographs in normal and pathological cases.We also compared the MTTA and LTTA, to see if they are comparable and if both methods are reliable and reproducible. Methods: A retrospective radiograph review was performed of sequential ankle radiographs taken between 2016 and 2017 across 4 specialist orthopaedic centres in the United Kingdom. Patients were categorised into two distinct groups. In the Normal Group (NG), patients had no evidence of injury and normal radiological appearances. In the Arthritis Group (AG), patients had radiographic changes as per the Kellgren-Lawrence scale 2 to 4. All radiographs were weightbearing and classified as either AP or mortise views based on the position of the talus and overlap of the tibia and fibula. The MTTA and the LTTA were measured on each radiograph. Results: There were 320 radiographs for review;158 normal radiographs and 162 radiographs had arthritis.There were 117 AP and 203 mortise radiographs. The overall mean MTTA was 88.7±5.1 degrees(range 77-104), and the mean LTTA was 87.5±5.2 degrees(range 73-104);p<0.01.There was no significant difference between the MTTA and LTTA in the normal group. There was a significant difference(p<0.01) when comparing the MTTA and LTTA in the arthritis group(Table 1). There was no significant difference when the MTTA was measured between the AP and Mortise radiographs. There was a significant difference in the LTTA between AP and mortise radiographs(p=0.04). There was no significant difference between the MTTA or LTTA when measuring the angles on AP radiographs(p=0.09).However, there was a significant difference when measuring these angles in the mortise radiographs(p=0.02). Conclusion: Understanding the tibiotalar angle is key to planning for deformity correction. It is important that consistency of methods for measurement are used for reporting. In this paper we have shown the MTTA to be a reliable and reproducible tool for measuring the TTA, in both normal ankle radiographs and in patients with ankle arthritis. There is no significant difference when the MTTA is measured using an AP or a mortise radiograph. In contrast, we have shown that the LTTA to be unreliable and statistically different when measured on both AP and mortise radiographs.
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Ghorbanhoseini, Mohammad, Christopher Miller, John Y. Kwon, Kempland Walley, and Azadeh Ghaheri. "High Variability of Observed Weight Bearing During Standing Foot and Ankle Radiographs." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (2017): 2473011417S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000178.
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Category: Basic Sciences/Biologics, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Weight bearing radiographs are a critical component of evaluating foot and ankle pathology. An underlying assumption is that patients are placing 50% of their body weight on the affected foot during image acquisition. The accuracy of weight bearing during radiographs is unknown and, presumably, variable, which may result in uncertain ability of the resultant radiographs to accurately portray the pathology of interest. Methods: 50 subjects were tested. The percent body weight through the foot of interest was measured at the moment of radiographic image acquisition. The subject was then instructed to “bear ½ body weight” prior to the next radiograph. The percent body weight was calculated and compared to ideal 50% weight bearing. Results: The mean percent body weight in trial 1 and 2 was 45.7% ± 3.2% (p=0.012 compared to 50% mark) and 49.2% ± 2.4%, respectively (p=0.428 compared to 50%). The mean absolute difference in percent weight bearing compared to 50% in trials 1 and 2 was 9.3% ± 2.25% and 5.75% ± 1.8%, respectively (p=0.005). For trial 1, 18/50 subjects were within the “ideal” (45-55%) range for weight bearing compared to 32/50 on trial 2 (p=0.005). In trial 1 24/50 subjects had “appropriate” (>45%) weight bearing compared to 39/50 on trial 2 (p=0.002). Conclusion: There is substantial variability in the weight applied during radiograph acquisition. This study raises significant questions about assumptions we, as orthopaedic surgeons, have made regarding weight bearing radiographs, their reliability and how we should proceed when evaluating them.
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Franklin, Daniel, Lauren Swift, and Ambika Flavel. "‘Virtual anthropology’ and radiographic imaging in the Forensic Medical Sciences." Egyptian Journal of Forensic Sciences 6, no. 2 (2016): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejfs.2016.05.011.
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Chinem, Lillian Atsumi Simabuguro, Beatriz de Souza Vilella, Cláudia Lúcia de Pinho Maurício, Lucia Viviana Canevaro, Luiz Fernando Deluiz, and Oswaldo de Vasconcellos Vilella. "Digital orthodontic radiographic set versus cone-beam computed tomography: an evaluation of the effective dose." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 21, no. 4 (2016): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.066-072.oar.
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ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the equivalent and effective doses of different digital radiographic methods (panoramic, lateral cephalometric and periapical) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Precalibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed at 24 locations in an anthropomorphic phantom (Alderson Rando Phantom, Alderson Research Laboratories, New York, NY, USA), representing a medium sized adult. The following devices were tested: Heliodent Plus (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany), Orthophos XG 5 (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The equivalent doses and effective doses were calculated considering the recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued in 1990 and 2007. Results: Although the effective dose of the radiographic set corresponded to 17.5% (ICRP 1990) and 47.2% (ICRP 2007) of the CBCT dose, the equivalent doses of skin, bone surface and muscle obtained by the radiographic set were higher when compared to CBCT. However, in some areas, the radiation produced by the orthodontic set was higher due to the complete periapical examination. Conclusion: Considering the optimization principle of radiation protection, i-CAT tomography should be used only in specific and justified circumstances. Additionally, following the ALARA principle, single periapical radiographies covering restricted areas are more suitable than the complete periapical examination.
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Andrade, Júlia Guerra de, Gabriel Andrade Nunes Carrijo, Caroline Loureiro, Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro, Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues, and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto. "Endodontic images as a forensic identification: A literature review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (2021): e16310816994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16994.
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Several radiographs are taken during endodontic treatment, thus providing a large number of images with individual characteristics that can be used for forensic identification of an individual. This study aimed to review the literature related to the use of endodontic radiographs in the identification of cadavers. A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, Periódicos Capes, and Web of Science. The keywords used were: forensic dentistry, endodontics, dental radiography, forensic identification. In total, 24 articles related to radiography in the identification of cadavers were found. Among them, 8 studies were selected for including endodontic radiographs for this purpose, comprising different types of studies: case reports of forensic identification through endodontic radiography (4); “in vitro” studies on the influence of high temperatures on endodontic materials and their radiographic images (2); a literature review on how radiographs can be used for identification (1); a comparative study between antemortem and post-mortem endodontic radiographic images (1). Overall, the present study showed that endodontic radiographs have a significant amount of information that can be used to identify a cadaver. Therefore, it is important to perform and store radiographs properly and for long periods. Literature related to the subject is still scarce and further studies are needed.
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Oh, Yun Kyo, Koung Eun Choi, Youn-Jeong Shin, et al. "Autosomal Recessive Malignant Infantile Osteopetrosis Associated with a TCIRG1 Mutation: A Case Report of a Neonate Presenting with Hypocalcemia in South Korea." Neonatal Medicine 28, no. 3 (2021): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5385/nm.2021.28.3.133.
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Osteopetrosis refers to a group of genetic skeletal disorders characterized by osteosclerosis and fragile bones. Osteopetrosis can be classified into autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked forms, which might differ in clinical characteristics and disease severity. Autosomal recessive osteopetrosis, also known as malignant osteopetrosis, has an earlier onset, more serious clinical symptoms, and is usually fatal. We encountered a 1-day-old girl who was born full-term via vaginal delivery, which was complicated by meconium-stained amniotic fluid, cephalo-pelvic disproportion, and nuchal cord. Routine neonatal care was provided, in addition to blood tests and chest radiography to screen for sepsis, as well as skull radiography to rule out head injuries. Initial blood tests revealed hypocalcemia, which persisted on follow-up tests the next day. Radiographic examinations revealed diffusely increased bone density and a "space alien" appearance of the skull. Based on radiographic and laboratory findings, the infantile form of osteopetrosis was suspected and genetic testing for identification of the responsible gene. Eventually, a heterozygous mutation of the T cell immune regulator 1, ATPase H+ transporting V0 subunit a3 (TCIRG1) gene (c.292C>T) was identified, making this the first reported case of neonatal-onset malignant osteopetrosis with TCIRG1 mutation in South Korea. Early-onset hypocalcemia is common and usually results from prematurity, fetal growth restriction, maternal diabetes, perinatal asphyxia, and physiologic hypoparathyroidism. However, if hypocalcemia persists, we recommend considering 'infantile of osteopetrosis' as a rare cause of neonatal hypocalcemia and performing radiographic examinations to establish the diagnosis.
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Begum, Mahfuza, AS Mollah, MA Zaman, M. Haq, and AKM Mizanur Rahman. "A Study on Some Physical Parameters Related to Image Quality and Radiation Safety in Diagnostic Radiology." Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences 35, no. 1 (2011): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7967.
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Different essential radiographic parameters were studied in order to assess radiographic image quality ensuring reduction of radiation exposure in some diagnostic X-ray facilities of Bangladesh. Different parameters for developing and fixing liquid were investigated in order to eliminate improper film processing techniques. General information about intensifying screen, radiography and mammography film was also collected. X-ray tube voltage, output radiation dose and exposure time for diagnostic X-ray machines were tested to achieve significant dose reduction without loss of diagnostic information. It is found that output radiation dose varies in different diagnostic X-ray installations. 70% X-ray installations achieve the recommended value for tube voltage while 87.5% measure the exposure time appropriately. Radiation dose level at patient waiting room, dark room and around control panel was also measured. About 92.5, 85 and 77.5% installations show their results within the acceptance limit at these positions respectively which provide radiation safety for patients, workers and public in diagnostic radiology.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7967Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 7-17, 2011
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Priyanka, Priyanka, Rahul P. Kotian, and Nitika C. Panakkal. "COMPARISON OF SURFACE RADIATION DOSE TO THE GONADS BY RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION OF THE LUMBAR SPINE USING COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY AND DIRECT DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 12 (2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21029.
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Objectives: The objectives are aimed to study the comparison of SRD to the gonads by radiographic examination of the lumbar spine using computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DR) and to evaluate dose differences according to gender.Methods: A total of 120 subjects with an equal number of males and females referred for lumbar spine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral was included in the study. Sixty patients had undergone X-ray in CR X-ray unit and 60 in DR X-ray unit. SRD to gonads from a radiographic examination of the lumbar spine was measured in CR and DR using Mult-O-Meter, and obtained value of SRD was in μGy. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Data were represented as a median and interquartile range. Mann–Whitney U-test was used for the comparison of SRD to gonads. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to find out the statistically significant difference in SRD to the gonads according to gender from radiography of lumbar spine taken using CR and direct DR.Results: There was a statistically significant difference in SRD to gonads from radiography of lumbar spine AP and lateral taken using CR and direct DR (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in SRD to the gonads in males and females from radiography of lumbar spine AP (p=0.577) and lateral (p=0.164) taken using CR and direct DR.Conclusion: It was found that SRD to gonads from lumbar spine AP was 54% lower in direct DR and SRD to gonads from lumbar spine lateral was 68% lower in direct DR than CR.
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Hebeisen, M., R. Micheroli, A. Scherer, et al. "OP0075 SPINAL RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS AND THE IMPACT OF CLASSIFICATION AS NONRADIOGRAPHIC VERSUS RADIOGRAPHIC DISEASE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 50–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.3576.
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Background:Data on spinal radiographic progression is more limited in nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) than in the radiographic disease state (r-axSpA). It remains unclear, whether radiographic sacroiliitis is by itself associated with progression of spinal structural damage.Objectives:To investigate whether spinal radiographic progression relates to structural damage at the sacroiliac level in axSpA by means of statistical mediation analyses in a large prospective real-life cohort of patients with axSpA.Methods:Patients from the Swiss Clinical Quality Management cohort were included if they fulfilled the ASAS classification criteria and could be classified as nr-axSpA or r-axSpA after central scoring of pelvis radiographs. Spinal radiographs performed every 2 years were scored according to the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS). The relationship between classification status and spinal progression over 2 years was investigated using binomial generalized estimating equations models with adjustment for sex, ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (ASDAS) and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor treatment. Baseline spinal damage was considered an intermediate variable and included in sensitivity analyses, as were additional variables potentially influencing radiographic progression.Results:In total, 88 nr-axSpA and 418 r-axSpA patients contributed to data for 725 radiographic intervals (Table 1). Mean (SD) mSASSS change over 2 years was 0.16 (0.62) units in nr-axSpA and 0.92 (2.78) units in r-axSpA, p=0.01. Nr-axSpA was associated with a significantly lower progression over 2 years (defined as an increase in ≥2 mSASSS units) in adjusted analyses (OR 0.33, 95%CI 0.13; 0.83), confirmed with progression defined as the formation of ≥1 syndesmophyte. Mediation analyses revealed that sacroiliitis exerted its effect on spinal progression indirectly by being associated with the appearance of a first syndesmophyte (OR 0.09, 95%CI 0.02; 0.36 for nr-axSpA vs r-axSpA) (Fig. 1 and 2). Baseline syndesmophytes were predictors of further progression.Table 1.Baseline characteristics at first radiograph.ParameterN506nr-axSpAN = 88r-axSpAN = 418PFemale sex, %50654.533.7<0.001Age, y50639.5±11.140.4±11.00.52Symptom duration, y49810.0±9.914.0±9.8<0.001HLA-B27 positive, %45271.680.70.09BASDAI4274.6±2.04.2±2.30.26ASDAS4082.8±0.92.8±1.10.74Elevated CRP, %42230.640.60.14BASFI4332.8±2.23.1±2.50.71BASMI4351.1±1.42.2±2.0<0.001mSASSS5060.9±1.56.8±12.7<0.001Syndesmophytes, %5069.135.2<0.001On TNFi, %50619.336.40.002Fig. 1.Modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS) for individual patients plotted as a function of duration since symptom onset.Fig. 2.Two-year mSASSS progression depicted in a cumulative probability plot. Progression was defined as an increase in mSASSS of at least 2 units (dotted line) in 2 years.Conclusion:Spinal structural damage is mainly restricted to patients with r-axSpA, leading to relevant prognostic and therapeutic implications.Disclosure of Interests:Monika Hebeisen: None declared, Raphael Micheroli: None declared, Almut Scherer: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Manouk de Hooge: None declared, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Kristina Buerki: None declared, Michael Nissen Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Consultant of: Novartis, Lilly, Abbvie, Celgene and Pfizer, Speakers bureau: Novartis, Lilly, Abbvie, Celgene and Pfizer, Burkhard Moeller: None declared, Pascal Zufferey: None declared, Pascale Exer: None declared, Adrian Ciurea Consultant of: Consulting and/or speaking fees from AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis and Pfizer.
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Harper, T. A. M., O. I. Lanz, G. B. Daniel, S. R. Werre, and K. S. Aulakh. "Effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle measurement in dogs with intact and transected cranial cruciate ligament." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 24, no. 04 (2011): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-09-0131.
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SummaryObjective: To determine the effect of stifle angle on the magnitude of the radiographic tibial plateau angle (TPA) in normal and cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) -deficient stifles.Methods: Three pairs of canine cadaver hind-limbs from three skeletally mature dogs were positioned in a custom-made positioning device. A lateral radiograph of each specimen was obtained before and after transection of the CCL at four stifle angles (90°, 110°, 135° and 140–150° [i.e. maximum extension]), based on goniometric measurements. Four observers determined the radiographic TPA twice for each radiograph with a minimum of two days between each measurement. The radiographic TPA measurements in all specimens at different stifle angles with intact CCL and transected CCL were compared with mixed-model ANOVA. The effect of stifle angle, CCL transection, and interaction between the two on observer TPA measurement variability was also determined using the coefficient of variation.Results: Tibial plateau angle was not statistically different in the stifle angles for either the intact or transected CCL. There was also no statistical difference for TPA between intact and transected CCL groups at each of the stifle angles. Stifle angle, CCL transection and interaction between the two did not have any significant effect for intra-observer and inter-observer variation.Clinical significance: The angle of the stifle during radiography does not influence the magnitude of the TPA measurement as determined on true lateral radiographs of the stifle and tibia in cadaveric canine limbs.
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Muchhal, Mohnish, Lav K. Niraj, Devanshu Chaudhary, Irfan Ali, Kuldeep Dhama, and Basavaraj Patthi. "Spanning the Horizon of Accuracy of Different Intraoral Radiographic Modalities: A Systematic Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 12 (2017): 1206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2201.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study was conducted with an aim to systematically review the literature for assessing the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in detection of dental caries. Introduction Despite the advancements in oral disease science, dental caries continues to be a worldwide health concern, affecting humans of all ages. Correct diagnosis of caries is critical both in clinical practice as well as in epidemiology and radiography are worthwhile adjunct for a thorough examination. Results A literature review was performed in PubMed Central and Cochrane library, Embase, and Google Scholar, and these databases were searched up to 2016. The primary outcome measure was to assess the accuracy of intraoral radiographs in the detection of dental caries based on sensitivity and specificity. The sensitivity for conventional radiographs for the detection of lesions in enamel (16–68%) and dentin (16–96%) was found to be superior as compared with other modalities of digital radiography, whereas the specificity of digital radiography was found to be superior in detection of lesion in enamel (77–96%) and dentin (84–100%) when compared with conventional radiography. Sensitivity of conventional radiographs was noted to be superior as compared with digital radiography, whereas in terms of specificity, digital was found to be superior to conventional radiographs. Conclusion Although there was no significant difference between digital and conventional radiography in the diagnosis of caries, conventional radiographs were able to detect carious lesion, in general, but for lesion to be detected precisely, digital was found to be superior. Clinical significance As digital radiography produces lower ionizing radiation, dental professionals should employ this method in their routine dental practice for diagnosing and treating carious lesions. How to cite this article Muchhal M, Niraj LK, Chaudhary D. Ali I, Dhama K, Patthi B. Spanning the Horizon of Accuracy of Different Intraoral Radiographic Modalities: A Systematic Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(12):1206-1212.
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Yadav, Lakshmi, Navreet Boora, and Raushan Kumar. "Assessment of Knowledge of Radiographic Students about Radiation Protection Devices, Their Use and Handling." International Journal of Research and Review 8, no. 6 (2021): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20210634.
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Aim: The aim of this study to assess the knowledge of radiographic students about radiation protection devices, their use and handling. Methods: A prospective, questionnaire-based study was carried out in Department of Radiological and Imaging Techniques. A validated questionnaire was circulated among undergraduate and postgraduate Radiographic students. Result: Out of 169 participants was 150(88.7%) of undergraduate, postgraduate and diploma students of radiological and imaging techniques filled questionnaire in this study. To assess knowledge about radiation protection devices, their use and handling, which they gain during theory classes and from hospital posting. There were 58(38.7%) were female and 92 (61.3%) were male. Conclusion: Study concluded that there should be proper theory classes for the conduction of knowledge about radiation protection devices, their use and handling in radiology department. Training session and teaching standards should be taken in account for not only the number of hours required to obtain the knowledge with the equipment required to run the classes in the simulation-based learning environment. This questionnaire-based survey demonstrates that up-to-date radiation protection devices, their use and handling skill in among radiography students of college of paramedical sciences were not sufficient, this should be improved by the well-designed training and theoretical sessions. From this study, we suggest that all members of the health care community should attend the webinars, guest lectures and training sessions about knowledge of radiation protection devices, their use and handling in radiology department. Keywords: Radiation protection devices, Lead equivalent, X-ray, Radiology department.
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Silva, Beatriz Feitosa da, Luciana Ellen Dantas Costa, Ricardo Villar Beltrão, Tânia Lemos Rodrigues, Ricardo Lombardi de Farias, and Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão. "Prevalence assessment of root dilaceration in permanent incisors." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 17, no. 6 (2012): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512012000600020.
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INTRODUCTION: Root dilaceration is a dental anomaly characterized by an abnormal curvature of the dental root, which can cause problems during eruption and complications in the orthodontic and endodontic treatment or extraction. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of root dilaceration in permanent incisors in an oral radiology clinic in the city of João Pessoa / PB, Brazil. METHODS: The sample consisted of 548 patients who allowed assessments of their dental radiographs, a total of 3,948 examined teeth. Each tooth was examined according to the occurrence of root dilaceration, regarding type (mild, moderate or severe), root third that it was in and direction of the root. The angle formed by the root deviation in relation to the long tooth axis was obtained by means of a diagram printed on transparent acetate, placed over the radiograph. RESULTS: The results were analyzed with SPSS software (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 13.0, performing an exploratory data analysis. The prevalence of root dilaceration in the studied sample was 1.03% (41 cases), with higher incidence in males (65.8%), being the superior lateral incisor the most affected teeth (78%). The most prevalent type of root dilaceration was the mild one (73.1%), occurring more in the apical third (90.2%) and with distal direction of the root (95.1%). CONCLUSION: Considering these results, it is emphasized the importance of performing a diagnostic radiographic examination prior to planning a treatment in permanent anterior teeth.
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Smith, Marshall E., and Thomas C. Calcaterra. "Frontal Sinus Osteoma." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 98, no. 11 (1989): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348948909801111.
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Osteoma is the most common benign tumor of the nose and paranasal sinuses, and the frontal sinus is its most frequent location. This tumor may be discovered incidentally on radiographs or may enlarge to produce symptoms and, rarely, complications referable to its location near the orbit and anterior cranial vault. A series of 22 cases of frontal sinus osteoma treated at the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences is reviewed. The presenting symptoms of this tumor, patient examination, radiographic evaluation, diagnosis, and indications for surgical and nonsurgical management are discussed. Various surgical approaches are reviewed, with emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Issues at surgery include the location of the surgical incision, technique of sinus entry, tumor removal, status of the posterior sinus table, patency of the nasofrontal duct, sinus obliteration, and avoidance of cosmetic deformity. Patient outcomes are assessed and recommendations given based on our findings and experience.
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Chung, Lilian, Saravana Kumar, Joanne Oldfield, Maureen Phillips, and Megan Stratfold. "A clinical audit of anatomical side marker use in a pediatric medical imaging department: A quantitative and qualitative investigation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (2020): e0242594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242594.
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Background The presence of a radiopaque or digital anatomical side marker (ASM) is an important diagnostic feature on radiographs and should be a routine feature on every radiographic image. Despite its importance, research has indicated numerous instances where ASMs were absent which have the potential to lead to adverse events. To date, few studies have systematically examined the use of ASMs in clinical practice and explored medical imaging professionals’ perspectives on ASM use. This research aimed to address this knowledge gap. Methods This investigation was conducted in two stages. Stage 1 involved a retrospective clinical audit of 421 randomly selected radiographs within 12-months at a pediatric medical imaging department. The data were analyzed for overall presence and type of marker use. Stage 2 comprised of semi-structured interviews with 11 radiographers to garner their perspectives on ASM use, and barriers and enablers to their use in clinical practice. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results The overall presence of ASMs (radiopaque and digital) was observed on 99 per cent of radiographs. There was a noticeable shift towards the use of digital (78.8 per cent) compared to radiopaque ASMs (20.2 per cent), highlighting the growing trend towards using ASM in post-processing. A handful of images (N = 4) did not include any ASMs. Semi-structured interviews revealed multifaceted barriers (time, infection precautions, and patient factors) and few enablers (professionalism, legal requirement) for ASM use. Conclusion This investigation, informed by quantitative and qualitative research paradigms, has shed new light on an important area of radiography practice. While missing ASMs were a small feature, there continue to remain opportunities where best practice standards can be improved. The increasing use of digital ASMs potentially highlights a shift in clinical practice standards.
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Jabbari, Nasrollah, Ahad Zeinali, and Leili Rahmatnezhad. "Patient dose from radiographic rejects/repeats in radiology centers of Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Iran." Health 04, no. 02 (2012): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/health.2012.42015.
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Abdelhalim, Mohamed Anwar K. "Patient dose levels for seven different radiographic examination types." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 17, no. 2 (2010): 115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2009.12.013.
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Maksymowych, W. P., P. M. Machado, R. G. Lambert, et al. "SAT0384 REPLACEMENT OF RADIOGRAPHIC SACROILITIS BY MRI STRUCTURAL LESIONS: WHAT IS THE IMPACT ON CLASSIFICATION OF AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS IN THE ASAS CLASSIFICATION COHORT?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1140.2–1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6369.
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Background:Classification of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is based on either an imaging or clinical arm. Radiographic or MRI evidence of sacroiliitis can be applied for the imaging arm. However, it is well-established that reliability and sensitivity of radiographic sacroiliitis is inadequate.Objectives:To assess the impact of replacing radiographic sacroiliitis with MRI structural lesions (MRI-S) typical of axSpA on the number of patients classified as having axSpA in patients with undiagnosed back pain recruited to the ASAS Classification Cohort (ASAS-CC).Methods:MRI images of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) were available from 217 cases in the ASAS-CC, which also had clinical, laboratory, and radiographic data. Seven central readers from the ASAS-MRI group recorded MRI lesions in an eCRF that included active (MRI-A) and structural (MRI-S) lesions typical of axSpA. MRI-A was deemed to be present according to majority agreement (≥4/7) of central readers. MRI-S was deemed to be present according to the majority (majority reader MRI-S) and also according to at least 2 central readers (≥2-reader MRI-S). We calculated the number of patients that were classified differently after replacement of radiographs by MRI-S for overall fulfillment of the ASAS criteria and for the imaging arm.Results:In total, 119 (54.8%) cases fulfilled the axSpA criteria based on local reading of radiographic sacroiliitis and central reading of active inflammation on MRI. This changed to 125 (57.6%) and 118 (54.4%) of cases after replacement of radiographic sacroiliitis by ≥2-reader and majority reader MRI-S, respectively (Table). A total of 13 (6.0%) and 7 (3.2%) cases who were classified as not having axSpA were re-classified as having axSpA after replacing radiographic sacroiliitis with ≥2-reader and majority reader MRI-S, respectively. Conversely, 7 (3.2%) and 8 (3.7%) cases were re-classified as not having axSpA after substitution by ≥2-reader and majority reader MRI-S, respectively. When fulfillment of the imaging arm was the primary consideration (irrespective of the clinical arm), the number of patients reclassified from not axSpA to axSpA was 25 (11.5%) by ≥2-reader and 13 (6.0%) by majority reader MRI-S, while 8 (3.7%) and 11 (5.1%) were reclassified from axSpA to not axSpA.Conclusion:The number of patients classified as having axSpA does not change substantially when MRI-S replaces radiographic sacroiliitis. However, it remains possible that MRI structural lesions can influence the final diagnosis, the gold standard for assessment of the performance of the ASAS criteria.Impact of Replacement of Radiographic Sacroilitis by MRI Structural Lesions on SpA Classification in cases with all clinical, radiographic, and central and local MRI inflammation data available (n=217)MRI assessment usedSpA Classification=Yes N(%)SpA Classification=No N(%)Imaging Arm SpA Classification=Yes N(%)Imaging Arm SpA Classification=No N(%)Radiographic Sacroiliitis + Majority Central Reader MRI Inflammation Positive119 (54.8%)97 (44.7%)83(38.2%)134 (61.8%)Replace Radiographic Sacroiliitis with ≥2 Central Reader MRI Structural Positive125 (57.6%)92 (42.4%)100 (46.1%)117 (53.9%)Replace Radiographic Sacroiliitis with Majority Central Reader MRI Structural Positive118 (54.4%)99 (45.6%)85 (39.2%)132 (60.8%)Disclosure of Interests:Walter P. Maksymowych Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Employee of: Chief Medical Officer of CARE Arthritis Limited, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Pedro M Machado Consultant of: PMM: Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Speakers bureau: PMM: Abbvie, BMS, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, Robert G Lambert: None declared, Xenofon Baraliakos Grant/research support from: Grant/research support from: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Chugai, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB and Werfen, Mikkel Ǿstergaard Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Celgene, Merck, and Novartis, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Hospira, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Orion, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sandoz, Sanofi, and UCB, Joachim Sieper Consultant of: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB Pharma, Stephanie Wichuk: None declared, Denis Poddubnyy Grant/research support from: AbbVie, MSD, Novartis, and Pfizer, Consultant of: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB, Martin Rudwaleit Consultant of: AbbVie, BMS, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, UCB Pharma, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Joel Paschke: None declared, Susanne Juhl Pedersen Grant/research support from: Novartis, Ulrich Weber: None declared
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Axelsson, V. "Monitoring sedimentation by radiographic core-to-core correlation." Geo-Marine Letters 21, no. 4 (2001): 236–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00367-001-0084-4.
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Garofoli, R., M. Resche-Rigon, M. Dougados, D. Van der Heijde, C. Roux, and A. Moltó. "SAT0587 MACHINE-LEARNING DERIVED ALGORITHMS FOR OUTCOMES PREDICTION IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES: APPLICATION TO RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN EARLY AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 1252.2–1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.431.
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Background:Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic disease that encompasses various clinical presentations: inflammatory chronic back pain, peripheral manifestations and extra-articular manifestations. The current nomenclature divides axSpA in radiographic (in the presence of radiographic sacroiliitis) and non-radiographic (in the absence of radiographic sacroiliitis, with or without MRI sacroiliitis. Given that the functional burden of the disease appears to be greater in patients with radiographic forms, it seems crucial to be able to predict which patients will be more likely to develop structural damage over time. Predictive factors for radiographic progression in axSpA have been identified through use of traditional statistical models like logistic regression. However, these models present some limitations. In order to overcome these limitations and to improve the predictive performance, machine learning (ML) methods have been developed.Objectives:To compare ML models to traditional models to predict radiographic progression in patients with early axSpA.Methods:Study design: prospective French multicentric cohort study (DESIR cohort) with 5years of follow-up. Patients: all patients included in the cohort, i.e. 708 patients with inflammatory back pain for >3 months but <3 years, highly suggestive of axSpA. Data on the first 5 years of follow-up was used. Statistical analyses: radiographic progression was defined as progression either at the spine (increase of at least 1 point per 2 years of mSASSS scores) or at the sacroiliac joint (worsening of at least one grade of the mNY score between 2 visits). Traditional modelling: we first performed a bivariate analysis between our outcome (radiographic progression) and explanatory variables at baseline to select the variables to be included in our models and then built a logistic regression model (M1). Variable selection for traditional models was performed with 2 different methods: stepwise selection based on Akaike Information Criterion (stepAIC) method (M2), and the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) method (M3). We also performed sensitivity analysis on all patients with manual backward method (M4) after multiple imputation of missing data. Machine learning modelling: using the “SuperLearner” package on R, we modelled radiographic progression with stepAIC, LASSO, random forest, Discrete Bayesian Additive Regression Trees Samplers (DBARTS), Generalized Additive Models (GAM), multivariate adaptive polynomial spline regression (polymars), Recursive Partitioning And Regression Trees (RPART) and Super Learner. Finally, the accuracy of traditional and ML models was compared based on their 10-foldcross-validated AUC (cv-AUC).Results:10-fold cv-AUC for traditional models were 0.79 and 0.78 for M2 and M3, respectively. The 3 best models in the ML algorithm were the GAM, the DBARTS and the Super Learner models, with 10-fold cv-AUC of: 0.77, 0.76 and 0.74, respectively (Table 1).Table 1.Comparison of 10-fold cross-validated AUC between best traditional and machine learning models.Best modelsCross-validated AUCTraditional models M2 (step AIC method)0.79 M3 (LASSO method)0.78Machine learning approach SL Discrete Bayesian Additive Regression Trees Samplers (DBARTS)0.76 SL Generalized Additive Models (GAM)0.77 Super Learner0.74AUC: Area Under the Curve; AIC: Akaike Information Criterion; LASSO: Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator; SL: SuperLearner. N = 295.Conclusion:Traditional models predicted better radiographic progression than ML models in this early axSpA population. Further ML algorithms image-based or with other artificial intelligence methods (e.g. deep learning) might perform better than traditional models in this setting.Acknowledgments:Thanks to the French National Society of Rheumatology and the DESIR cohort.Disclosure of Interests:Romain Garofoli: None declared, Matthieu resche-rigon: None declared, Maxime Dougados Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV, Christian Roux: None declared, Anna Moltó Grant/research support from: Pfizer, UCB, Consultant of: Abbvie, BMS, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB
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Niemantsverdriet, E., M. Dougados, B. Combe, and A. Van der Helm - van Mil. "OP0222 IS REFERRING EARLY ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITHIN 6 WEEKS ASSOCIATED WITH BETTER LONG-TERM OUTCOMES THAN REFERRING WITHIN 12 WEEKS AFTER SYMPTOM ONSET? – INVESTIGATING THE EVIDENCE FOR THE FIRST EULAR RECOMMENDATION FOR EARLY ARTHRITIS IN TWO OBSERVATIONAL COHORTS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1179.
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Background:EULAR- recommendations for management of early arthritis formulated that patients should be referred to, and seen by a rheumatologist, within 6-weeks after symptom onset. The mentioned period of ≤6-weeks after symptom onset is shorter than ≤12-weeks, the period that is generally considered as the ‘window-of-opportunity’. Because implementation provides challenges, and evidence supporting that referral ≤6-weeks is better than e.g. <12-weeks is missing, we investigated if ≤6-weeks relates to improved long-term outcomes.Objectives:We used an observational study design to investigate in two cohorts if time-to-encounter (TtE) a rheumatologist ≤6-weeks, compared to 7-12-weeks, results in better disease long-term outcomes, measured with sustained DMARD-free remission (SDFR) and radiographic progression.Methods:Consecutive 1987-RA patients of the Leiden EAC (n=1025) and ESPOIR (n=514) were studied during median 7 and 10 years follow-up. Patients were categorized on duration between symptom onset and first encounter with a rheumatologist; ≤6-, 7-12-, and >12-weeks. Multivariable Cox regression (SDFR), linear mixed models (radiographic progression), and meta-analyses were used.Results:Leiden RA-patients encountered the rheumatologist within 6-weeks obtained SDFR more often than patients seen within 7-12-weeks (HR 1·59, 95%CI:1·02-2·49), and >12-weeks (HR 1·54, 95%CI:1·04-2·29). In ESPOIR, similar but non-significant effects were observed; meta-analysis showed that within 6-weeks was better than 7-12-weeks (HR 1·69, 95%CI:1·10-2·57, Figure 1-A) and >12-weeks (HR 1·67, 95%CI:1·08-2·58). Patients encountered the rheumatologist within 6-weeks had similar radiographic progression than those seen 7-12-weeks, in any cohort, or meta-analysis (Figure 1-B).Figure 1Meta-analyses of time-to-encounter the rheumatologist and the chance of achieving sustained DMARD-free remission (A) and radiographic progression (B)Conclusion:Scientific evidence underlying the first EULAR recommendation depends on the outcome of interest; visiting a rheumatologist within 6-weeks of symptom-onset had clear benefits for achieving SDFR, but not for radiographic progression.References:None.Disclosure of Interests:Ellis Niemantsverdriet: None declared, Maxime Dougados Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Consultant of: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB Pharma, Bernard Combe Grant/research support from: Novartis, Pfizer, Roche-Chugai, Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Janssen; Eli Lilly and Company; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; Sanofi, Speakers bureau: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Eli Lilly and Company; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Pfizer; Roche-Chugai; UCB, Annette van der Helm - van Mil: None declared
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Adams, Samuel, Travis Dekker, John Steele, and Kamran Hamid. "The Use of Patient-Specific 3D Printed Titanium Implants for Complex Foot and Ankle Limb Salvage, Deformity Correction, and Arthrodesis Procedures." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (2017): 2473011417S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000018.
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Category: Ankle,Ankle Arthritis,Basic Sciences/Biologics,Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Large lower extremity bony defects, complex foot and ankle deformities, and high-risk arthrodesis situations can be difficult to treat. These challenging pathologies, often require a critical-sizes and/or shaped structural bone void filler which may not be available with allograft bone. The advancement of 3D printing technology has allowed for the use of custom designed implants for foot and ankle surgery. This study reports on the radiographic and functional outcomes of a case series of patients treated with patient-specific 3D printed titanium implants. Methods: Seven consecutive patients who were treated with custom designed 3D printed implant cages for severe bone loss, deformity correction, and arthrodesis procedures were included in this study. A minimum of 1-year follow-up was required. No patients were lost to follow-up. Patients completed preoperative and most recent follow-up VAS for pain, FAAM, and SF-36 outcomes questionnaires. All patients had post-operative radiographs and CT scans to assess bony incorporation. Results: The mean age of these patients was 54.6 (35-73 years of age). The mean follow-up of these seven patients was 17.1 months (range 12 to 31). Radiographic fusion with cage ingrowth and integration occurred in all seven patients verified by CT scan. There was statistically significant improvement in all functional outcome score measures (VAS for pain, FAAM, and SF-36). All patients returned were satisfied with surgery. There were no failures. Case examples are demonstrated in Figure 1. Conclusion: This cohort of patients demonstrated the successful use of custom 3D printed implants to treat complex large bony defects, deformities and arthrodesis procedures of the lower extremity. These implants offer the surgeon a patient specific approach to treat both pain and deformity that is not necessarily available with allograft bone.
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Sasaki, Katsunori. "Radiographic analysis of the arteries of human lumbar lymph nodes." Anatomical Record 233, no. 3 (1992): 485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092330316.
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Maatoug, F., M. Slouma, R. Dhahri, et al. "AB0134 RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INFLAMMATORY RATIOS AND RADIOGRAPHIC JOINT DAMAGE IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (2021): 1095.2–1095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2879.
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Background:The tight control strategy is recommended in rheumatoid arthritis to tailor treatment for patients. This strategy requires regular monitoring of both disease activity and structural damage. However, radiographic assessement cannot be performed frequently and the modified Sharp score is rarely evaluated in current practice. Besides, no biomarker was able to mirror structural damage (1).Objectives:Our study aimed to assess the relationship between the modified Sharp score and the inflammatory ratios (platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR), fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) and CRP to albumin ratio (CAR)).Methods:We performed a cross-sectional study including 53 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A cell blood count, fibrinogen and an albumin blood test were measured for each patient. Inflammatory ratios were also measured (PLR, NLR, LMR, FAR, and CAR). Modified Sharp score and its components (erosion score and joint space narrowing score) were evaluated using the radiograph of hand and foot.Patients with infectious or hematological diseases were excluded from the study.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences).Results:Of the 53 patients, 39 were female (Sex Ratio: 2.8). The mean age was 53.9 ± 12.7 years. The mean disease duration was 10.1 ± 8.2 years.The average age of the onset of the disease was 43.8±13.5 years.The mean DAS 28-ESR score was 4.64 ± 1.23. Forty three patients had a score higher than 3.2 (patients with moderate or high disease activity).The mean values of PLR, NLR, LMR, FAR and CAR were 161.62 ± 86.59, 2.84 ± 2.39, 4.99 ± 3.23, 0.12 ± 0.06 and 1.15 ± 1.38.The mean scores of joint erosion and joint space narrowing were respectively 12.76 ± 15.05 and 33.57 ± 25.80. The mean modified Sharp score was 46.33 ± 37.74.There was a positive correlation between modified Sharp score and following ratios: PLR (r: 0.501; p <10-3), NLR (r: 0.302; p:0.031), FAR (r: 0.300; p:0.030), CAR (r:0.286; p:0.042).Moreover, a positive correlation between joint space narrowing score and these ratios was identified: PLR (r: 0.558; p <10-3), NLR (r: 0.428; p:0.002), FAR (r: 0.371; p:0.007), CAR (r:0.387; p:0.005).Joint erosion score correlated with PLR (r: 0.299; p:0.033).No correlation was found between LMR and radiographic score.Conclusion:Our study showed that the modified Sharp score correlated with PLR, NLR, FAR and CAR in patients with RA. This finding suggests that these ratios could be used as inexpensive and reliable markers to reflect radiographic joint damage.Longitudinal studies are necessary to confirm our results.References:[1]Syversen SW, Landewe R, Van Der Heijde D, Bathon JM, Boers M, Bykerk VP, et al. Testing of the OMERACT 8 draft validation criteria for a soluble biomarker reflecting structural damage in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic literature search on 5 candidate biomarkers. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(8):1769-84.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Innes, J. F., F. McConnell, M. J. Guilliard, et al. "Observer variation in the evaluation and classification of severe central tarsal bone fractures in racing Greyhounds." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 24, no. 03 (2011): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-10-06-0085.
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SummaryObjectives: To determine observer agreement on radiographic evaluation of central tarsal bone (CTB) fractures and compare this with evaluation of the same fractures using computed tomography (CT).Methods: Radiographs and CT scans were obtained of the right tarsi from limbs of Greyhounds euthanatized after sustaining severe CTB fracture during racing. Four observers described and classified each fracture. Inter- and intra-observer agreements were calculated.Results: Inter-observer agreement was higher for assessment of fractures using CT. Several fractures assessed by radiography were mis-classified as a less severe type. Intra-observer agreement for assessment and classification of CTB fractures via radiography versus CT was variable. Overall agreement among all four observers was higher for CT than radiography. Additionally, when identifying fractures of the adjacent tarsal bones, observer agreement was higher for CT than radiography.Clinical significance: Computed tomography improved observer ability to correctly evaluate CTB fracture and detect the degree of displacement and extent of any comminution. Identification of fractures of adjacent tarsal bones was also improved when tarsi were assessed using CT. These data suggest that treatment decisions based solely on radiographic assessment of CTB fractures may not produce the expected outcome.
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Lucina, Stephany Buba, Marco Antonio Ferreira da Silva, Amália Turner Giannico, Marlos Gonçalves Sousa, and Tilde Rodrigues Froes. "Use of computed radiology as a screening test for the identification of congenital heart disease in dogs." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 41, no. 4 (2020): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1213.
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The objectives of this study were to evaluate the accuracy of thoracic radiology as a screening test for congenital heart diseases in dogs, to identify the main contributions and limitations of this modality, and to verify the reproducibility of the evaluations by three observers with different levels of training. An interobserver, observational, retrospective and prospective study was carried out, including ninety dogs: thirty healthy animals, thirty with acquired heart diseases and thirty with congenital heart diseases, which all had thoracic radiographs and a confirmed echocardiographic diagnosis. The cases were separated and randomized by a mediator who did not participate in the reading of the radiographic examinations, and no evaluator had access to the patients' data. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and accuracy of each observer were calculated in relation to the correct classification of dogs to groups of normal or acquired and congenital heart diseases, as well as identification of enlargement of the cardiac silhouette and large vessels of dogs with congenital heart diseases. Finally, the Kappa coefficient was obtained between the observers to verify the reproducibility of the radiological evaluations performed. In general, sensitivity, PPV and accuracy were unsatisfactory ( 70%), and the agreement ranged from poor to reasonable (between 0 and 0.39). Although greater accuracy was achieved in the differentiation of healthy dogs from those with acquired and congenital heart diseases by thoracic radiography, when compared to the other studies, the modality was able only to identify healthy patients, and could not differentiate the individuals with different forms of heart disease or define the cardiac malformations. In addition, there was low reproducibility between observers, therefore, this technique should not be used as a sole screening method in dogs with suspected congenital heart diseases.
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., Rukamanee, Navreet Boora, and Raushan Kuamar. "Assessment of Knowledge of Radiography Students about Handling of Patient Having Contrast Reactions." International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research 6, no. 3 (2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20210705.
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Aim: Aim of the study is to assess the knowledge of radiography students about handling of patient having contrast reaction Methods: A prospective, questionnaire-based study was carried out in Department of Radiological and Imaging Techniques. A validated questionnaire was circulated among undergraduate, postgraduate and diploma Radiographic students. Result: The total participants were 169 out of which 152 participants responded to questionnaire (89.94%) include undergraduate, postgraduate and diploma students of radiological and imaging techniques. To assess the knowledge of radiography students about handling of patient having contrast reactions, which they gain during theory classes ad from hospital posting. There were 54(35.5%) were female and 98 (64.5%) males. Conclusion: Study concluded that there should be proper theory classes for the conduction of knowledge about handling of patient having contrast reactions in radiology department. Training session and teaching standards should be taken in account for not only the number of hours required to obtain the knowledge with the equipment required to run the classes in the simulation-based learning environment. This questionnaire based survey demonstrate that up-to-date handling of patient having contrast reactions skill in among radiography students of college of paramedical sciences were not sufficient, this should be improved by the well designed training and theoretical sessions. From this study, we suggest that all members of the health care community should attend the webinars, guest lectures and training sessions about knowledge of handling of patient having contrast reactions in radiology department. Keywords: Contrast media, adverse reactions, High osmolar contrast media (HOCM), Low osmolar contrast media (LOCM).
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Kamareh, Sanaz, Majid Kazem, Maryam Foroozandeh, and Atefeh Gohari. "Management of two taurodont primary molars with pulp involvement using calcium-enriched mixture cement pulpotomy in a patient with accompanied drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms syndrome: a case report." Biomedical Research and Therapy 6, no. 5 (2019): 3184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15419/bmrat.v6i5.545.
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Background: Taurodontism is considered a variation in tooth morphology associated with several syndromes.
 Case Presentation: This report presents a case of taurodontism associated with drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. A 5-year-old girl, with a history of DRESS syndrome, was referred to the department of pediatric dentistry at the School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, with a chief complaint of toothache. Clinical and Radiographic examinations showed deep carious lesions with large pulp chambers and short roots present in relation to second mandibular primary molars. Routine pulpectomy could not be performed as a result of complex tooth morphology. Instead, we played a deep pulpotomy with calcium-enriched mixture cement agent, and the crowns were restored. Follow-up observations after six and 12 months showed that the tooth was asymptomatic, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed no swelling, no sensitivity to percussion and palpation.
 Conclusion: In patients with carious taurodont deciduous teeth, deep pulpotomy with biomaterials such as calcium-enriched mixture cement can result in favorable outcomes.
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Tanaka, H. K. M., T. Nakano, S. Takahashi, et al. "Radiographic imaging below a volcanic crater floor with cosmic-ray muons." American Journal of Science 308, no. 7 (2008): 843–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/07.2008.02.
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Landewé, R. B. M., L. Sun, Y. F. Chen, D. Schlichting, and D. Van der Heijde. "FRI0044 ROBUST ANALYSES FOR RADIOGRAPHIC PROGRESSION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (2020): 597–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1692.
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Background:Reducing structural damage is an important treatment goal for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Demonstrating a clinically meaningful, statistically significant difference in radiographic progression (assessed by van der Heijde modified total Sharp score, mTSS) is a common objective in trials for RA treatments.Complete collection of radiographic data is challenging, especially in long term follow-up and pediatric studies. Therefore, scores for individual joints or entire patients are regularly missing. A frequently used analysis method for mTSS is the analysis of covariance model, in which missing data are imputed using linear extrapolation (ANCOVA+LE). However, other ways to deal with missing information have also been proposed.Objectives:To evaluate robust analysis methods for mTSS data.Methods:Simulated data were used to compare a random coefficient model (RC) without imputation, ANCOVA+LE and ANCOVA with last observation carry forward imputation (LOCF).A log-normal distribution was used to generate baseline patient level data to simulate a 2-arm clinical trial using baseline mTSS and rate of change in mTSS from recently completed trials. Changes in mTSS (12, 28 and 44 week timepoints) were generated under linear, concave quadratic (fast progression then slow progression), and convex quadratic (slow progression then fast progression) assumptions, with the proportion of change forced to be 0 (a proportion of simulated patients do not have progression). A monotone missing pattern was assumed to generate a data set with missing data (the ‘observed’ dataset).ANCOVA analyses were performed using baseline and treatment as predictors. The RC model was applied using baseline, treatment, time, and time-by-treatment interactions as fixed effect and time as a random effect. Bias (difference between average of simulation sample mean and true value, the smaller the better), root mean square error (RMSE, a measure of variation among simulation samples, the smaller the better), power and type I error rate were compared between methods.Results:The random coefficient model provided better or at least similar results in bias, RMSE, power and type I error rate as ANCOVA+LE under evaluated scenarios (Table 1).Progression assumptionSimulation parameters(Number of simulations = 500; common sample size=300, baseline mTSS=~11.7)ModelBiasPowerRMSELinearppbo= 0.6, rpbo= 0.065ptrt= 0.68 rpbo= 0.046Δwk44= −0.49ANCOVA + Full0.0020.9240.140ANCOVA + LE0.0030.8660.155ANCOVA+LOCF0.1540.8440.190RC + FULL0.0010.920.139RC + OBS−0.0020.8720.156Concaveppbo= 0.6, rpbo= −0.0009, qpbo= 0.11ptrt= 0.68, rtrt= −0.0011, qtrt= 0.093Δwk44= −0.611ANCOVA + Full0.0020.9820.141ANCOVA + LE−0.0020.9260.180ANCOVA+LOCF0.1880.940.222RC + FULL0.0020.9780.141RC + OBS−0.0050.9240.174Convexppbo=0.6, rpbo= 0.0037, qpbo=−0.09ptrt= 0.68, rtrt= 0.003, qtrt= −0.1Δwk44= −0.83ANCOVA + Full0.00310.139ANCOVA + LE0.3430.9480.368ANCOVA+LOCF0.3910.9740.405RC + FULL−0.00410.140RC + OBS0.1990.9880.249Abbreviations: FULL = complete dataset with no missing values trt = active treatment, OBS = the ‘observed’ dataset, pbo = placebo, p= proportion of patients with no progression, r = linear progression rate (mTSS units per week), q = quadratic term coefficient. Δ = active treatment progression – placebo rConclusion:RC is a robust analysis method for mTSS. We recommend its use in primary analyses, especially for long-term extension and pediatric studies with a higher likelihood of missing data. This method can also provide reference for time points when no data are collected via estimated slope. ANCOVA+LE can be used for sensitivity analysis.References:None.Disclosure of Interests:Robert B.M. Landewé Consultant of: AbbVie; AstraZeneca; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Eli Lilly & Co.; Galapagos NV; Novartis; Pfizer; UCB Pharma, Luna Sun Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Yun-Fei Chen Shareholder of: Own shares in Eli Lilly and Company., Employee of: Employee of Eli Lilly and Company, Douglas Schlichting Shareholder of: Eli Lilly and Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly and Company, Désirée van der Heijde Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Cyxone, Daiichi, Eisai, Eli-Lilly, Galapagos, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB Pharma; Director of Imaging Rheumatology BV
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Wennemuth, Jan, Bernd Tellhelm, Nele Eley, and Kerstin von Pückler. "Computed Tomography Enhances Diagnostic Accuracy in Challenging Medial Coronoid Disease Cases: An Imaging Study in Dog Breeding Appeal Cases." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 33, no. 05 (2020): 356–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1714299.
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Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic sensitivity in detecting medial coronoid disease (MCD), using computed tomography (CT) as reference in dogs presented for an official second opinion, and to compare the medial coronoid process (MCP) in fragmented and fissured MCP as well as those unaffected by MCD. Materials and Methods The data of dogs, presented for official second opinion radiographs and CT, were reviewed by three board-certified observers and in accordance with the International Elbow Working Group guidelines regarding MCD. Radiographic delineation, radiopacity and Hounsfield Units (HU) of the MCP were recorded additionally and the correlation between radiography and CT was investigated. Results Sensitivity and specificity of radiography compared with CT yielded values of 83.6% for the former and 83.5% for the latter. False-negative grading in radiography correlated significantly (p = 0.0001) with a present fissure line in CT. The mean delineation (p = 0.03) and mean HU of fragmented MCP (p = 0.0045) were significantly reduced compared with fissured MCP and no significant differences in measured HU for fissured MCP were detected in comparison to elbows unaffected by MCD. Conclusion The results of the present study show substantial agreement between radiography and CT in second opinion cases. However, sensitivity is reduced compared with not preselected cases. A present fissure line in CT was significantly associated with a false-negative grading in radiography. Therefore, CT imaging of the elbows is strongly recommended in cases of appeal.
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Bhatnagar, Shruti, Surangama Debnath, Sriniwasa Tenkasale Siddeshappa, Ramreddy K. Yeltiwar, and Vikas Dewan. "Efficacy of Calcium Phosphate Composite Bone Graft in Treatment of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: Clinico-radiographic Study." Journal of Nepalese Society of Periodontology and Oral Implantology 5, no. 1 (2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnspoi.v5i1.38182.
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Introduction: Regeneration of periodontium is always difficult to achieve regardless of all advancement. In an attempt to refine, various materials have been tried and tested. The present study was carried out to evaluate regenerative potential of easy-graft CRYSTAL in intrabony defects, clinically, and radiographically.
 Methods: This randomised split-mouth study was conducted at Rungta College of Dental Sciences and Research from 2015 October to 2015 October. Intrabony pockets more than 5 mm and radiographic evidence of vertical bone loss were selected from 15 patients having two sites each. The chosen sites were randomly divided into test sites: open flap debridement (OFD) with easy-graft CRYSTAL and control sites (OFD). The clinical parameters evaluated were Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth, Relative Attachment Level, and Gingival Recession at baseline, three months, and six months postoperatively. Radiographic parameters recorded were Defect Fill and Percentage of Defect Fill at baseline, three months, and six months. Data were analysed in SPSS v.20.
 Results: At six months, improved clinical and radiographic values were obtained compared to baseline. The plaque and gingival index showed statistically significant reduction. Both groups showed statistically significant reduction in mean probing pocket depth and gain in relative attachment level. Mean gingival recession score was increased in both the group but was not significant. There was significant increase in Defect Fill and Percentage of Defect fill in both groups with better bone fill in test group.
 Conclusion: Easy-graft CRYSTAL is a potential regenerative material for the treatment of periodontal intrabony defects.
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Esmaeili, Farzad, Salar Payahoo, Majid Mobasseri, Masoome Johari, and Javad Yazdani. "Correction to: Efficacy of radiographic density values of the first and second cervical vertebrae recorded by CBCT technique to identify patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia." Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects 12, no. 4 (2018): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/joddd.2018.048.
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In the article entitled "Efficacy of radiographic density values of the first and second cervical vertebrae recorded by CBCT technique to identify patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia" which appeared in J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospect 2017; 11(3):189-194, the name of the first author was misspelled. The correct name of the first author is Farzad Esmaeili. The authors’ affiliation with Dental & Periodontal Research Center of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was also missing from the article. The original version of the article has been updated to reflect these corrections.
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Cavalcanti, Guilherme Albuquerque de Oliveira, Marlete Brum Cleff, Fábio Da Silva e. Silva, et al. "Influence of electroacupuncture on the points BP6 and E36 regarding gastric motility in Wistar rats." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (2017): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p1071.
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The study aimed to evaluate by radiographic examination the action of electroacupuncture on gastric motility in experimental animals. We used 24 Wistar rats, three months old, that received five metallic spheres, via orogastric tube (OT), with 2mL of barium contrast, followed by treatments: electroacupuncture points E36 and BP6 (T1); electroacupuncture in stitches (T2); sterile distilled water OT (T3); metoclopramide OT (T4). After treatment, serial radiographs, hourly, were made to follow the gastric emptying time of the spheres in rats. By analyzing the time of exit of the first sphere, animals in the group T1 had an average of 3h30min; at T2 the average was higher 6 hours; in T3 was 5h18min, and T4 showed an average of 4h36min. The action of electroacupuncture was comparable to the action of metoclopramide, which is know to increase peristalsis, whereas the response of the Shan group (T2) was close to the negative control group. Considering the results it was concluded that electroacupuncture at points predetermined significantly increases gastric peristalsis, reducing gastric emptying time in rats, may be an option for the treatment of motility disorders.
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Maas, Fiona, Suzanne Arends, Freke R. Wink та ін. "Ankylosing spondylitis patients at risk of poor radiographic outcome show diminishing spinal radiographic progression during long-term treatment with TNF-α inhibitors". PLOS ONE 12, № 6 (2017): e0177231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0177231.
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Putrino, Alessandra, Valerio Bruti, Marinelli Enrico, Ciallella Costantino, Barbato Ersilia, and Galluccio Gabriella. "Intraoral Scanners in Personal Identification of Corpses: Usefulness and Reliability of 3D Technologies in Modern Forensic Dentistry." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 255–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010255.
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Aims: This study aims to verify the applicability of modern dental technologies and their related principles of use to the forensic sciences in the field of personal identification. Background: Personal identification has always had a major role in many legal and administrative actions regarding both living and death beings. The techniques used are much less advanced than the technologies potentially available. Objective: Modern technologies, available to the daily dental clinic practice, as intraoral scanners, combined in particular to the specialist skill in orthodontics, can help redefine the methods of personal identification according to the levels of accuracy, trueness and feasibility greater than those applied in traditional forensic dentistry. Methods: 23 corpses (12F;11M) have been selected for intraoral scanning with the Carestream 3500® digital device. The superimposition of initial and late digital models, digital models and radiographs (orthopantomography and full mouth periapical films) has been evaluated to verify the stability of some structures as palatal rugae after death and to assess intraoral scanning as a successful comparative method between antemortem and post-mortem records (digital models or radiographs). Obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis by the t-student test and X-square test with Yates correction (p<0.05). Results: After death, palatal rugae significatively change especially in mouths with restorations/prosthesis/missing teeth. The percentages of correct matching between scans and radiographs are very higher (up 90%; p<0.05). Conclusion: This study has been set up to study and develop new, reliable and fast methods of personal identification that can surpass many of the issues seen with the other techniques by a modern rugoscopy, a modern radiographic-digital comparison and virtual oral autopsy.
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Putrino, Alessandra, Valerio Bruti, Marinelli Enrico, Ciallella Costantino, Barbato Ersilia, and Galluccio Gabriella. "Intraoral Scanners in Personal Identification of Corpses: Usefulness and Reliability of 3D Technologies in Modern Forensic Dentistry." Open Dentistry Journal 14, no. 1 (2020): 305–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602014010305.
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Aims: This study aims to verify the applicability of modern dental technologies and their related principles of use to the forensic sciences in the field of personal identification. Background: Personal identification has always had a major role in many legal and administrative actions regarding both living and death beings. The techniques used are much less advanced than the technologies potentially available. Objective: Modern technologies, available to the daily dental clinic practice, as intraoral scanners, combined in particular to the specialist skill in orthodontics, can help redefine the methods of personal identification according to the levels of accuracy, trueness and feasibility greater than those applied in traditional forensic dentistry. Methods: 23 corpses (12F;11M) have been selected for intraoral scanning with the Carestream 3500® digital device. The superimposition of initial and late digital models, digital models and radiographs (orthopantomography and full mouth periapical films) has been evaluated to verify the stability of some structures as palatal rugae after death and to assess intraoral scanning as a successful comparative method between antemortem and post-mortem records (digital models or radiographs). Obtained results were subjected to statistical analysis by the t-student test and X-square test with Yates correction (p<0.05). Results: After death, palatal rugae significatively change especially in mouths with restorations/prosthesis/missing teeth. The percentages of correct matching between scans and radiographs are very higher (up 90%; p<0.05). Conclusion: This study has been set up to study and develop new, reliable and fast methods of personal identification that can surpass many of the issues seen with the other techniques by a modern rugoscopy, a modern radiographic-digital comparison and virtual oral autopsy.
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Bhattarai, Manoj. "A hospital based plain radiographic observational study of lumbosacral transitional vertebrae in the Nepalese population." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. 4 (2018): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v9i4.19725.
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Background: Presence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra may lead to number of clinical consequences because of failure to correctly number the problematic vertebra and also has been associated with low back pain. Different studies done at different part of the world have shown wide range of prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra.Aims and Objective: This hospital based cross sectional observational study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra among the Nepalese population.Materials and Methods: Plain radiographs (anteroposterior and lateral views of lumbosacral spine and KUB radiographs) of 947 patients (646 with lumbosacral spine and 301 with KUB radiographs) done from August 2015 to July 2016 and meeting inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra.Results: The overall prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra was 14.7% with prevalence of 16.3% in patients with lumbosacral radiographs and 11.3% in patients with KUB radiographs and was statistically significant. Prevalence of sacralization was higher than lumbarization (11.9% Vs 2.7%). Lumbosacral transitional vertebra was more common in females than in males with Castellvi type I being most common and type IV least common.Conclusion: The overall prevalence of lumbosacral transitional vertebra in the studied Nepalese population was 14.7% with significantly higher prevalence in patients with lumbosacral radiographs than with KUB radiographs.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.9(4) 2018 46-50
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Gupta, SK, PK Pratibha, KM Bhat, S. Mutalik, and V. Guddattu. "Non-replaced Mandibular First Molars and Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 1 (2014): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10360.
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Background: Mandibular first molars serve as key teeth of occlusion. Non replacement of these teeth may affect stability of the dentition and have long term effects on the Temperomandibular joint. The purpose of this study was to observe the association between nonreplaced mandibular molars and temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD). Methods: A total of 174 patients, both male and female with missing mandibular first molars, were included in the study. The changes due to non-replacement of mandibular molars were observed clinically. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) was examined for clinical and radiographic changes. Intra oral findings were correlated with TMJ findings. Results: Supra eruption of opposing maxillary molars and drift of adjacent teeth had a significant association with asymptomatic clicking of the TMJ. Further, patients with deep bite had radiographic findings of condylar flattening. Clicking of the TMJ was a frequent finding in patients with longer duration of molar loss. Conclusion: Missing molars not only have periodontal implications but also far reaching effects on the condylar health of the associated TMJ. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 03 | Number 01 | January-June 2014 | Page 57-62 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v3i1.10360
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Peck, Jeffrey, Armando Villamil, Kara Fiore, Cheryl Tano, and Jessica Leasure. "Inter- and intra-observer variability of radiography and computed tomography for evaluation of Zurich cementless acetabular cup placement ex vivo." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 29, no. 06 (2016): 507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-05-0068.
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SummaryObjective: To evaluate the inter- and intra-observer variability in measurement of the angle of lateral opening (ALO) and version angle measurement using digital radiography and computed tomography (CT).Methods: Each hemipelvis was implanted with a cementless acetabular cup. Ventrodorsal and mediolateral radiographs were made of each pelvis, followed by CT imaging. After removal of the first cup, the pelves were implanted with an acetabular cup in the contra-lateral acetabulum and imaging was repeated. Three surgeons measured the ALO and version angles three times for each cup from the mediolateral radiographic projection. The same measurements were made using three-dimensional multiplanar reconstructions from CT images. Two anatomical axes were used to measure pelvic inclination in the sagittal plane, resulting in six measurements per cup. Two-way repeated measures analysis of variance evaluated inter- and intra-observer repeatability for radiographic and CT-based measurements.Results: Version angle based on radio-graphic measurement did not differ within surgeons (p = 0.433), but differed between surgeons (p <0.001). Radiographic measurement of ALO differed within surgeons (p = 0.006) but not between surgeons (p = 0.989). The ALO and version angle measured on CT images did not differ with or between surgeons.Clinical significance: Assessment of inter-and intra-observer measurement of ALO and version angle was more reproducible using CT images than conventional mediolateral radiography for a Zurich cementless acetabular cup.
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Nemat-Nasser, S., and N. Okada. "Radiographic and microscopic observation of shear bands in granular materials." Géotechnique 51, no. 9 (2001): 753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2001.51.9.753.
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Livet, Véronique, Mathieu Harel, Mathieu Taroni, et al. "Stress Radiography for the Diagnosis of Medial Glenohumeral Ligament Rupture in Canine Shoulders." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 32, no. 06 (2019): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1692469.
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Objectives This study aimed to describe a stress radiography to detect medial glenohumeral ligament rupture and to investigate the repeatability and reproducibility of this test. Materials and Methods Six adult Beagle cadavers were used. Both shoulders of each dog were randomly assigned into two groups: a normal shoulder group (NS group) and an affected shoulder group (AS group) where the medial glenohumeral ligament was arthroscopically transected. Goniometry, image analysis and radiography (normal and stress views) were performed before and after arthroscopic procedures. An abduction angle was determined for each stress view and an evaluation of the repeatability and the reproducibility was performed. Results Abduction angles were significantly larger in the AS group as measured by goniometer (p < 0.001), image analysis (p < 0.001) and radiographic stress view (p < 0.001) than in the NS group. The abduction angle difference varied from 12° to 29.3° (median difference of 19.4°) between NS and AS groups. There were good intra-observer and very good inter-observer agreements. A very good (r = 0.74; r = 0.72, respectively) significant (p < 0.001) positive correlation between goniometric and radiographic techniques and between image analysis and radiographic techniques was observed. Clinical Significance Shoulder abduction angles measured with a stress radiograph-specific view provide objective data that may contribute to diagnosis of medial shoulder instability in dogs.
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Phetkaew, Thitaporn, Marissak Kalpravidh, Rampaipat Penchome, and Chalika Wangdee. "A Comparison of Angular Values of the Pelvic Limb with Normal and Medial Patellar Luxation Stifles in Chihuahua Dogs Using Radiography and Computed Tomography." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 31, no. 02 (2018): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-17-05-0067.
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Objective This article aimed to determine and compare the angular values of the pelvic limb in normal and medial patellar luxation (MPL) stifles in Chihuahuas using radiography and computed tomographic (CT) scan, to identify the relationship between pelvic limb angles and severity of MPL. In addition, radiographic and CT images were compared to determine the more suitable method of limb deformity assessment. Methods Sixty hindlimbs of Chihuahuas were divided into normal and grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 MPL groups. The pelvic limb angles in frontal and sagittal planes were evaluated on radiography and CT scan. Femoral and tibial torsion angles (FTA and TTA) were evaluated only by CT scan. All angles were compared among normal and MPL stifles and between radiography and CT scan. Results Based on the CT scan, the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), anatomical caudal proximal femoral angle (aCdPFA), and TTA were related to the severity of MPL. The mLDFA and TTA were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in grade 4 MPL, while the aCdPFA was significantly decreased in grade 2, 3 and 4 MPL groups. There were significant differences of many angles between radiography and CT scan. Clinical Significance The angles related to MPL in Chihuahuas are aLDFA, mLDFA, aCdPFA and TTA. Radiography had some limitations for evaluating pelvic limb angles. The caudocranial radiograph is recommended for the assessment of the distal femoral angles, while the craniocaudal radiograph is for the tibial angles.