Academic literature on the topic 'Radiographic studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Orgill, Richard D., Thomas R. Pasic, Walter W. Peppler, and Mark D. Hoffman. "Radiographic Evaluation of Aspirated Metallic Foil Foreign Bodies." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 114, no. 6 (2005): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000348940511400601.
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Objectives: Aspirated objects generally represent items accessible to children. When metallic candy wrapper aspiration is questioned, radiographic studies may aid diagnosis. An infant with repeated chest radiographs negative for a metallic foreign body was found to have a multi-layer metallic candy wrapper in the left main bronchus. The purpose of this study was to determine whether conventional and dual-energy radiographic techniques exclude the presence of aspirated metallic foil wrappers. Methods: Single-layer and multi-layer metallic candy wrappers were radiographically studied with conventional and dual-energy radiographic techniques in 3 tissue models. Results: No single-layer metallic samples were detectable with conventional or dual-energy radiography. The multi-layer samples were not detectable at less than 8 layers (pulmonary tissue model) or 16 layers (mediastinal model) by either conventional or dual-energy radiography. Conclusions: Conventional and dual-energy chest radiographic techniques do not reliably exclude the presence of aspirated metallic foil wrappers.
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Andrade, Júlia Guerra de, Gabriel Andrade Nunes Carrijo, Caroline Loureiro, Ana Paula Fernandes Ribeiro, Gladiston William Lobo Rodrigues, and Rogério de Castilho Jacinto. "Endodontic images as a forensic identification: A literature review." Research, Society and Development 10, no. 8 (2021): e16310816994. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v10i8.16994.
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Several radiographs are taken during endodontic treatment, thus providing a large number of images with individual characteristics that can be used for forensic identification of an individual. This study aimed to review the literature related to the use of endodontic radiographs in the identification of cadavers. A bibliographic search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed, Scielo, Periódicos Capes, and Web of Science. The keywords used were: forensic dentistry, endodontics, dental radiography, forensic identification. In total, 24 articles related to radiography in the identification of cadavers were found. Among them, 8 studies were selected for including endodontic radiographs for this purpose, comprising different types of studies: case reports of forensic identification through endodontic radiography (4); “in vitro” studies on the influence of high temperatures on endodontic materials and their radiographic images (2); a literature review on how radiographs can be used for identification (1); a comparative study between antemortem and post-mortem endodontic radiographic images (1). Overall, the present study showed that endodontic radiographs have a significant amount of information that can be used to identify a cadaver. Therefore, it is important to perform and store radiographs properly and for long periods. Literature related to the subject is still scarce and further studies are needed.
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Gupta, Ishita, Astha Chaudhry, Solanki Savita, and Arvind Shetti. "Radiographic Assessment of Peri-implant Bone Level – A Comparative Study of Digital Intraoral and Digital Panoramic Radiography." Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije 62, no. 3 (2015): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sdj-2015-0012.
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Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to compare two radiographic methods - digital intraoral and digital panoramic radiography in assessing marginal bone level around dental implants. The study also evaluated inter-observer and intra-observer reliability during repeated assessments. Material and Methods Marginal bone around 29 implants in 17 patients was assessed using standardized digital intraoral and digital panoramic radiographs. Two observers evaluated bone level by noting the thread at which marginal bone seemed to be attached at distal and mesial surfaces of the implants. The assessments were repeated after one week. Kappa statistics was used to evaluate agreement between assessments, observers, and radiographical methods. Results The agreement rate between digital intraoral and digital panoramic radiography was fair. Intra-observer agreement was very good, while inter-observer agreement was moderate. Conclusion Digital panoramic radiographs can be used to evaluate marginal bone level in patients with multiple implants and also to supplement intraoral radiographs. However, observer variability should be considered when comparing values from follow up studies for implant maintenance.
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Carvalho, Kepler, Martim d. Pinto, Victoria Vivtcharenko, et al. "Comparison Between Hallux Rigidus Parameters Assessed by Conventional Radiographs and Weight- Bearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 4 (2022): 2473011421S0060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00608.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot; Other Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. Recent studies have supported MPE in HR by measuring on weightbearing radiographs (WBR), but there are limitations of WBR due to variation in X-ray projection and superimposed metatarsals. WBCT represent a reliable tool for radiographic analysis of the first ray and can be important for the study pathologies such as HR, which involve several anatomical points to be evaluated for a correct clinical- radiographic diagnosis Our objective was to evaluate radiographic parameters associated with Hallux Rigidus via WBR and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of the classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, 2nd cuneiform- 2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal angle, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9. HVA (15.73° in X-ray vs 14.04° in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25° vs 16.47°), 2nd cuneiform- 2nd metatarsal angle (24.54° vs 26.60°), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angle (-7.67° vs -7.89°) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. When graded radiologically, subchondral cyst in proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated resulting in higher radiographic grade with WBCT. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: Hallux Valgus Angle, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT which infer WBCT grading system for HR can aid in early detection of advanced HR with high radiographic grades and potentially guide treatment accordingly.
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Murphy, Micheal, Richard Hodgson, Peter L. Harris, Richard G. McWilliams, David E. Hartley, and Michael M. D. Lawrence-Brown. "Plain Radiographic Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts: The Liverpool/Perth Protocol." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 10, no. 5 (2003): 911–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280301000510.
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Purpose: To present a protocol for plain radiographic surveillance of abdominal aortic stent-grafts that addresses the main variables in need of standardization: (1) patient position, (2) radiographic centering point, and (3) focus-to-film distance. Technique: Our policy is to perform baseline anteroposterior and lateral films following endoluminal grafting and repeat the studies annually. These are the most important films to assess migration and component separation; supplementary right and left posterior oblique radiographs may help identify wireform fractures. It is best to perform radiography before computed tomography if both tests are scheduled for the same day, as excretion of intravenous contrast opacifies the renal collecting systems and interferes with radiographic analysis. Conclusions: Evaluation of the radiographs depends on the design of the stent-graft, so it is important to understand graft construction and the position of the radiopaque markers to best assess changes on follow-up films.
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WATT, J. P., J. C. MOÏSI, R. L. A. DONALDSON, et al. "Measuring the incidence of adult community-acquired pneumonia in a Native American community." Epidemiology and Infection 138, no. 8 (2010): 1146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268809991464.
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SUMMARYFew population-based studies have investigated the epidemiology of adult community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to determine the incidence of CAP in a population at high-risk for pneumococcal disease and to evaluate a standardized method for interpreting chest radiographs adapted from the World Health Organization paediatric chest radiograph interpretation guidelines. We reviewed radiology records at the two healthcare facilities serving the White Mountain Apache tribe to identify possible pneumonia cases ⩾40 years of age. We categorized patients with clinical criteria and a physician diagnosis of pneumonia as clinical CAP and those with clinical criteria and an acute infiltrate as radiographic CAP. We identified 100 (27/1000 person-years) and 60 (16/1000 person-years) episodes of clinical and radiographic CAP, respectively. The incidence of CAP increased with age. Both radiographic and clinical CAP were serious illnesses with more than half of patients hospitalized. Our case definitions and methods may be useful for comparing data across studies and conducting vaccine trials.
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Yen, Matthew, and Andy Wai Kan Yeung. "The Performance of Paralleling Technique and Bisecting Angle Technique for Taking Periapical Radiographs: A Systematic Review." Dentistry Journal 11, no. 7 (2023): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/dj11070155.
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Periapical radiography is a routine radiographic procedure performed by dentists on a daily basis. It can be taken with two techniques, the paralleling technique (P tech) and the bisecting angle technique (B tech). This systematic review aimed to identify the relevant literature, compare the use of P and B techs across various dental specialties, and determine the most appropriate technique to be used for different purposes in taking periapical radiographs. In January 2023, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify the studies that compared the two radiographic techniques. The search string was: (paralleling AND (“bisecting angle” OR “bisected angle”)). Manual reference tracing was also performed to identify the studies potentially missed. After screening, 26 studies were included for the qualitative review. The 26 included studies were published between 1976 and 2021. Ten of the studies were about general dentistry (dental radiology in general applications), whereas another ten studies were related to endodontics, such as working length estimation. Most studies advocated the use of the P tech for general, endodontics, implantology, and other indications. B tech was advocated for patients with a low palatal height. More future studies are needed to evaluate their performance in different scenarios with standardized equipment and radiographic positioning.
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García-Guerrero, Claudia, Ángela V. Caicedo-Rosero, Cindy E. Delgado-Rodríguez, Sara Quijano-Guauque, Mauricio Rodriguez-Godoy, and Hannia Camargo-Huertas. "Concordance and consistency in the evaluation of diagnostic images of periapical tissue in endodontics." Duazary 18, no. 4 (2021): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21676/2389783x.4374.
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To estimate the degree of concordance and consistency in the radiographic and tomographic evaluation of the periapical area. A study of diagnostic tests was designed. Three blind evaluators analyzed radiographic images, which were selected at two different points in time. An oral radiologist and an endodontist determined the second observation moment. The degree of similarity and variability, concordance and consistency for each radiograph was set at 95% confidence. A Kappa coefficient (κ), for radiographic findings and a correlation coefficient of Lin (CCC) for tomographic measurements was established. 12 radiographies and 19 tomographs were evaluated. The intraobserver consistency determined a k= 1 (Almost Perfect) and a CCC from 0.42 to 0.95 (Poor to Substantial) for both observation times. For radiographies, the interobserver concordance did not show changes between the first and second observation. Values include a k= 0.56-0.80 (Moderate to Good) and a CCC with greater degree of agreement, after training, as follows: axial view: CCC 0.86, 95% of Confidence Interval (CI) 0.69-0.94, coronal view: CCC 0.90 95%CI 0.75-0.96, and sagittal view: CCC 0.96, 95%CI 0.90-0.98. The statistical tests estimated the consistency and concordance to observe radiographically and tomographically the periapical tissue in endodontics.
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Irvin, Jeremy, Pranav Rajpurkar, Michael Ko, et al. "CheXpert: A Large Chest Radiograph Dataset with Uncertainty Labels and Expert Comparison." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.3301590.
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Large, labeled datasets have driven deep learning methods to achieve expert-level performance on a variety of medical imaging tasks. We present CheXpert, a large dataset that contains 224,316 chest radiographs of 65,240 patients. We design a labeler to automatically detect the presence of 14 observations in radiology reports, capturing uncertainties inherent in radiograph interpretation. We investigate different approaches to using the uncertainty labels for training convolutional neural networks that output the probability of these observations given the available frontal and lateral radiographs. On a validation set of 200 chest radiographic studies which were manually annotated by 3 board-certified radiologists, we find that different uncertainty approaches are useful for different pathologies. We then evaluate our best model on a test set composed of 500 chest radiographic studies annotated by a consensus of 5 board-certified radiologists, and compare the performance of our model to that of 3 additional radiologists in the detection of 5 selected pathologies. On Cardiomegaly, Edema, and Pleural Effusion, the model ROC and PR curves lie above all 3 radiologist operating points. We release the dataset to the public as a standard benchmark to evaluate performance of chest radiograph interpretation models.
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Lee, Hee Young, Matthieu Lalevee, Nacime S. Mansur, et al. "Comparative Assessment of Hallux Rigidus using Conventional Radiograph and Weightbearing CT." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (2022): 2473011421S0030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00304.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: The etiology of hallux rigidus (HR) is not well understood and Its association with first-ray hypermobility, hallux valgus and metatarsus primus elevatus (MPE) has not been clearly proven. MPE, elevated first metatarsal has been a topic of debate since Lambrinudi`s first description. Recent studies have supported MPE in hallux rigidus by measuring with various methods on wightbearing lateral radiographs, but there are limitations of conventional radiography due to variation in X- ray projection and superimposed metatarsals regardless of the methods of measurement. Our objective was to assess MPE and other associated parameters with hallux rigidus via radiography and WBCT for convergent validity and to evaluate the use of classification system used in conventional radiography with WBCT. Methods: This is a single-center, retrospective study from prospectively collected data. 20 symptomatic hallux rigidus patient with weightbearing radiograph and WBCT were enrolled from October 2014 to December 2020. Measured parameters included hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux interphalangeal angle (HIPA), distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA), 1st TMT joint version, First and second metatarsal lengths, Metatarsus adductus angle, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel, First and second metatarsal declination angles, and MPE. MPE was measured as the direct distance between 1st and 2nd metatarsals (modified Horton index). All patients were graded according to the radiographic criteria of Coughlin and Shurnas classification on radiographs and WBCT, separately. Paired T-test was performed to compare radiographic measurements with WBCT. Results: Mean age was 55.9, 12 males and 8 females. HVA (15.73 in X-ray vs 14.04 in WBCT), AP first TMT version (16.25 vs 16.47), 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle (24.54 vs 26.60), Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel (-7.67 vs -7.89) were not different between radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT by 0.86 mm compared to radiograph. First metatarsal declination angle was lower in WBCT by 2.9° indicating increased MPE. When graded with radiographic findings, 5 (25%) patients were grade 1, 5 (25%) patients were grade 2 and 10 (50%) grade 3, when graded with WBCT, 1 (5%) patient had grade 1, 3 (15%) patients were grade 2 and 16 (80%) grade 3. Dorsal subluxation/translation of first metatarsal at first TMT joint was observed 3 (15%) in radiograph and 9 (45%) in WBCT. Conclusion: HVA, AP first TMT version, 2nd cuneiform-2nd metatarsal angle, Talus-1st Metatarsal Angel demonstrated consistent measurements in radiograph and WBCT. MPE was measured higher in WBCT when measured with direct distance (0.86 mm) between the first and second metatarsals using modified Horton index and first metatarsal declination angle (2.9°). When graded with WBCT, the subchondral cyst in the proximal phalanx and metatarsal head were better delineated leading to higher grade in WBCT. Further studies are needed for inter-rater reliability and discriminant validity of the measurements determined by differences between different groups (HR vs control).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Ariffin, Siti Mariam Zainal. "Radiographic and pathologic studies of feline appendicular osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6188/.
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Feline Osteoarthritis (OA) is a pathological change of a diarthrodial articulation which primarily occurs in older cats. The aims of this study were:- 1) to define the radiographic features of OA in the cat for each individual appendicular joint; 2) to relate the radiographic features to the gross pathologic and histopathologic features; 3) to explore underlying causes of OA in cats, 4) to identify the presence of Protease Activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2) and matriptase in feline articular cartilage and synovial membrane and to determine their role in OA pathogenesis. The present study has defined five radiographic features of OA for each appendicular joint:- presence of osteophytes, enthesiophytes, areas of abnormal mineralisation,synovial effusion and joint remodelling. The study furthermore suggested that increases in radio-opacity beneath the semilunar notch, along the femoral trochlea, beneath the tibial plateau and on the femoral head/neck are also important radiographic features. The radiographic prevalence was highest in the elbow (23.9%, 93/389) and stifle (23.9%,93/389) joints, followed by the hip (21.1%, 82/389), tarsal (17.7%, 69/389), shoulder(6.7%, 27/389) and carpal (6.4%, 25/389) joints. The results from this study demonstrate that the presence of a radiographically apparent supinator sesamoid bone(SSB), meniscal mineralisation (MM) and two fabellae are related to cartilage pathology and can be indicators of OA. Prevalence rates for gross pathology changes were highest in the elbow (20.2%,102/506) joint, followed by the stifle (19.6%, 99/506), hip (18.4%, 93/506), shoulder (17.8%, 90/506), tarsal (15.0%, 76/506), and carpal (9.1%, 46/506) joints. Eight key gross pathologic features were identified- cartilage discolouration, cartilage fibrillation,cartilage ulceration, cartilage erosion, osteophytes, thickening of joint capsule, synovium discolouration and joint remodelling. The radiographic and gross pathologic total scores were positively correlated in each appendicular joint and the joint most likely to have cartilage damage without radiographic evidence of OA is the shoulder (71.1%, 64/90) followed by the elbow (39.1%, 9/23), hip (32.4%, 11/34), stifle (26.1%,6/23), carpal (23.1%, 21/91) and tarsal (14.9%, 7/47) joints. Four possible underlying conditions that lead to secondary OA were identified:- radioulnar incongruity, hip dysplasia (HD), cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and primary meniscal mineralisation. The identification of PAR-2 and matriptase proteins and gene expression in feline articular tissues is a novel and important finding supporting the hypothesis that serine proteases are involved in the articular cartilage degradation seen in feline OA.
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Sadan, Madeh Adel Abd Elrahiem. "Radiographic studies on the carpal joints in some small animals." Giessen VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2010/7619/index.html.
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Sundén, Pikner Solweig. "Radiographic follow-up analysis of Brånemark® dental implants /." Göteborg : Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Folktandvården, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/10124.
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Corbett, Juliet. "X radiographic studies of the laser driven compression of spherical polymer microshells." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317045.
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Sadan, Madeh A. A. [Verfasser]. "Radiographic studies on the carpal joints in some small animals / eingereicht von Madeh A. A. Sadan." Giessen : VVB Laufersweiler, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004757735/34.
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Mahmood, Sarwar. "Leg length discrepancy and femoral offset after total hip arthroplasty : clinical and radiological studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-114415.
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Every year, about 1 million patients worldwide and 16000 patients in Sweden undergo total hip arthroplasty (THA). This surgical intervention is considered a successful, safe and cost-effective procedure to regain pain-free mobility and restore hip joint function in patients suffering from severe hip joint disease or trauma. Besides relieving the pain, restoration of biomechanical forces around the hip with appropriate femoral offset (FO), leg length and proper component position and orientation are important goals. The radiographic preoperative planning and postoperative evaluation of these parameters require good validity, interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility. It remains controversial as to how much postoperative leg length discrepancy (LLD) and FO change are acceptable. Generally, lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm and FO reduction of the operated hip > 5mm should be avoided by using preoperative radiological templating and intraoperative measurement methods. There is no consensus on the association between LLD and FO and outcome after THA. The aims of this thesis were to: 1. To determine the influence of non-corrected LLD after THA on patients’ reported hip function and quality of life (QoL). 2. To study the association of global FO changes after THA with patients’ reported hip function, QoL and abductor muscle strength. 3. To evaluate the concurrent validity of the Sundsvall method of measuring postoperative global FO by comparing it to a standard method and to evaluate the interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility of measurement of postoperative global FO, LLD and acetabular cup inclination and anteversion. 4. To analyse the postoperative radiographs of THA patients with leg lengthening and FO reduction to determine whether the problem is located in the stem, cup or both. Study I: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral osteoarthritis (OA), comparing patients with lengthening ≥ 10mm, restoration (between 9 mm lengthening and 5 mm shortening) or shortening > 5 mm of the operated leg after THA. Follow up was 12–15 months. We found that a LLD of up to 20 mm did not influence the functional outcome (WOMAC) or QoL (EQ-5D). However, the lengthening group showed less improvement in WOMAC and more use of a shoe lift. Study II: A prospective cohort study of 222 patients with unilateral hip OA, comparing patients with decreased global FO (> 5 mm reduction), restored FO (within 5 mm restoration), and increased FO (> 5 mm increment) after THA. Follow up was was 12–15 months. The unadjusted results showed that the decreased FO group had a worse WOMAC index, less abductor muscle strength, and more use of walking aids. When these results were adjusted for possible confounding factors, only global FO reduction was statistically significantly associated with reduced abductor muscle strength. The incidence of residual hip pain and analgesics use was similar in the 3 groups. Study III: A prospective cohort study of 90 patients with primary unilateral OA treated with THA. Global FO using the Sundsvall method, global FO (standard method), LLD, acetabular cup inclination and anteversion were measured on postoperative radiographs. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using three independent observers. We found that the Sundsvall method is as reliable as the standard method and the evaluated radiographic measurement methods have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Study IV: A prospective cohort study of 174 patients with unilateral primary OA treated with THA. LLD and global FO were measured on postoperative radiographs. Patients with lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm (n=41) and patients with reduction of global FO > 5mm (n=58) were further studied to investigate the amount of lengthening and global FO reduction that took place in the stem and in the cup compared with the contralateral side. The interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility were tested using two independent observers. We found that post-THA lengthening of the operated leg ≥ 10mm was mainly caused by improper placement of the femoral stem, whereas a decrease of global FO > 5 was caused by improper placement of both acetabular and femoral components. The radiological measurement methods used showed substantial to excellent interobserver reliability and intraobserver reproducibility and are therefore clinically useful. The main conclusions of this thesis are: LLD up to 20 mm and reduced global FO more than 5 mm did not influence the functional outcome or quality of life at 12–15 months postoperatively. Lengthening ≥ 10mm was associated with increased use of a shoe lift. A reduction of global FO more than 5 mm compared to the contralateral hip was associated with weaker hip abductor muscles and more use of walking aids. Therefore both should be avoided. The radiographic measurement methods of LLD, global FO, cup inclination and anteversion have the required validity and reliability to be used in clinical practice. Lengthening of the operated leg is mainly caused by improper femoral stem positioning while global FO reduction results from improper positioning of both acetabular and femoral components. Surgeons should be aware of these operative pitfalls in order to minimize component malpositioning.<br>Varje år opereras ungefär 1 miljon patienter runt om i världen och 16000 patienter i Sverige med en total höftledsprotes (THA). Operation med höftledsprotes anses vara enav de mest framgångsrika, säkra och kostnadseffektiva kirurgiska åtgärderna med syfte att för att återställa livskvalité. Målet är att smärtlindra och återställa rörligheten i dendestruerade höftleden vid artros, reumatisk destruktion eller men efter exempelvis Perthes sjukdom. Vid operation med THA är det viktigt att återställa de biomekaniskakrafterna runt höftleden med en adekvat så kallad femoral offset (FO), postoperativ benlängdsskillnad (BLS) och ett tillfredsställande komponentläge. Den preoperativaplaneringen och den postoperativa bedömning av dessa parametrar kräver god tillförlitlighet, det vill säga validitet och reproducerbarhet både mellan olika bedömareoch vid upprepade mätningar av samma bedömare. Det är fortfarande inte klarlagt hur mycket postoperativ förändring i FO och BLS som är acceptabla. I dagsläget är detacceptabelt om den postoperativa benförlängningen understiger 1 cm och förändringen i FO är under 5 mm. Det finns ingen konsensus huruvida det föreligger ett sambandmellan BLS, FO och den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén efter THA. Syftet med denna avhandling var: 1. Att studera effekten av icke-korrigerad BLS efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktionen och livskvalitén. 2. Att studera effekten av förändringen i FO efter THA på den patientrapporterade höftfunktion, livskvalitén och muskelstyrka i abduktion. 3. Att utvärdera validitet och reliabilitet av en så kallad global FO genom att jämföra den med den gällande standard metoden samt studera tillförlitlighet av de radiologiskamätningar av postoperativa BLS, FO, cup inklination och anteversion efter THA. 4. Att radiologiskt undersöka i vilken av komponenterna (stam eller cup) somförändringen i FO och BLS verkar vara förlagd. Studie I: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de som fått en BLSförlängning över 10mm, återställning (mellan 9mm förlängning och 5mm förkortning) eller förkortning >5mm av det opererande benet efter THA. Uppföljning gjordes 12-15månader postoperativt. Vi fann att BLS upp till 20mm påverkade inte höftfunktion (WOMAC) och livskvalité (EQ-5D), men den förlängda gruppen visade en mindreförbättring i WOMAC och rapporterade en mer frekvent användning av skoinlägg. Studie II: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 222 patienter som behandlats med THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. Patienterna delades in i tre grupper; de patienter medförminskad FO (> 5mm minskning), återställd FO (inom 5mm) eller ökad FO (>5mm ökning). Uppföljning genomfördes efter 1 år med WOMAC, styrkemätning av höftensabduktorer och en frågeformulär. En minskad FO var associerade med en minskad styrka i höftens abduktorer. Det var ingen skillnad mellan grupperna gällandekvarstående höftsmärta och användning av analgetika. Studie III: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 90 patienter som behandlats med THA på grund av primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättesglobala FO (Sundsvalls metodologi), globala FO (standard metod), BLS, cup inklination och anteversion. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes mellan treoberoende observatörer. Vi fann att global FO (enligt Sundsvalls metodologi) är lika tillförlitlig som den nuvarande standardmetoden och de utvärderade radiologiskamätmetoderna har hög validitet och reliabilitet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. Studie IV: En prospektiv kohortstudie med 174 patienter som behandlats med en THA för en primär unilateral koxartros. På de postoperativa röntgenbilderna uppmättes BLSoch globala FO. Patienter med förlängning ≥ 10mm (n=41) och patienter med minskning av globala FO >5mm (n=58) studerades for att mäta förlängning ochglobala FO minskning som sitter i stammen eller i cup jämfört med kontralaterala sidan. Reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet bedömdes av två oberoende observatörer. Vifann att en BLS över 10mm sitter framför allt i stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan en minskning i FO över 5 mm sitter i båda stam och cup. De radiologiska mätmetodernahar hög reliabilitet och reproducerbarhet och kan således användas i klinisk praxis. De viktigaste slutsatserna i denna avhandling är: 1. BLS med en förlängning upp till 20 mm och en minskning av globala FO mer än 5 mm påverkar inte patientrapporterad höftfunktion eller livskvalitet 1 år postoperativt. 2. BLS med en förlängning mer än 9 mm var associerad med mer användning av skoinlägg. En minskad FO med mer än 5 mm jämfört med den icke opererade höftenvar associerad med en sämre muskelstyrka i abduktion och ökat användning av gånghjälpmedel. 3. De radiologiska mätmetoderna av BLS, FO, acetabulära komponentens inklination och anteversion har hög validitet och reliabilitet, vilket kan användas i klinisk praxis. 4. En förlängning av det opererade benet orsakas främst av en positioneringen av stamkomponenten i lårbenet medan förlust av FO beror på otillfredsställande placeringav både stam och den acetabulära komponenten. Kirurger bör vara medveten om dessa operativa fallgropar för att optimera det kirurgiska resultatet.
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Tomko, Craig. "Studies in Dental Radiography." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4278.
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Jackson, Marcus Thomas. "Conceptualising radiography knowledge and the role of radiography educators : perspectives and experiences of a radiography education community." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27737/.
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The diagnostic radiography curriculum and the process of its enactment are under researched in the United Kingdom. To date, there have been no published studies which have investigated the curriculum and the role of radiography educators from the multiple perspectives of radiography students, university radiography educators and clinical radiography educators, that is, a radiography education community. Accordingly, this study describes the perceptions and experiences of a radiography education community in relation to three research questions: 1. How does a radiography education community conceptualise the radiography knowledge and skills required of a diagnostic radiographer? 2. How does a radiography education community conceptualise the role played by university based and clinically based radiography educators in helping the radiography student acquire radiography knowledge and skills? 3. How does the community in this study compare with Lave and Wenger’s theoretical constructs of a situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and Communities of Practice (CoP)? The epistemological foundation of the study is constructivism and the overarching methodology is a case study conducted within a single higher education institution and three of its associated clinical practice partner settings. The primary data collecting method comprised semi-structured interviews, supplemented by a critical review of germane literatures, government policy and the curriculum guidance provided by the relevant professional and statutory bodies. The theoretical framework in which the study is situated is based upon Lave and Wenger’s theories of situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and communities of practice. The findings of the study reveal a radiography education community which is lacking any unifying pedagogic discourse. In particular, there is an absence of opportunities for cross-community working, especially in collaborative curriculum development and the process of its enactment. This is further compounded by the community’s narrow interpretation of what a curriculum should comprise. Currently there is a clear focus on knowledge content and curriculum as a product which fails to take into account praxis and the social context in which learning takes place. These findings have been summarised by a representation of the enacted curriculum as compared with the ‘ideological’ function of a radiography curriculum. Specific developments required of the curriculum include: (i) placing a greater emphasise on the vocational relevance of radiography knowledge; (ii) gaining a better understanding of tacit radiography knowledge; (iii) ensuring greater familiarity with the curriculum and (iv) enhancing the standard of clinical supervision. The radiography education community in this study evidences both convergence and divergence with Lave and Wenger’s theoretical constructs of situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and community of practice. Within the context of radiography education the study also highlights the consequence of power relationships, the complexity of learning in and across multiple communities of practice and the importance of individual learner biographies, all of which are underdeveloped in Lave and Wenger’s theoretical discourse. These findings have been summarised in a proposed theoretical model for a radiography education community of practice. Three specific pedagogic and managerial inferences may be drawn from this study which will require staff development and consideration of how the diagnostic radiography programme is managed across the community. Firstly, context, process and praxis need to be carefully considered in the collaborative development, design and implementation of the curriculum. Secondly, the university and clinical educators need to reflect on their own learning and teaching skills by engaging more fully with pedagogy. Thirdly, communication across the radiography education community of practice must be improved.
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Wright, John David. "Radiological studies of the equine tarsus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1990. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26349.
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The tarsus is one of the most vital equine articulations. It is a complex joint which absorbs concussion from ground contact and translates force for locomotion from the upper limb. Diseases of the equine tarsus are commonly seen by veterinary practitioners and are frequently responsible for lameness leading to functional and economic loss. A radiographic examination is generally required to determine the precise pathological processes involving the tarsus (Kovacs 1963).
The work presented in this dissertation is aimed at defining the following:
1. The features of the gross anatomy of the equine tarsus, specially in request to the tarsocrural articulation, as demonstrated by conventional radiography, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography.
2. The radiographic appearance of the tarsocrural articulation after injection of radiographic contrast media into the tarsocrural joint.
3. During arthrography to compare the efficacy and safety of an ionic (meglumine - sodium diatrizoate) and non—ionic (iohexol) radiographic contrast media injected into the tarsocrural joint.
4. The response of synovial fluid to both arthrocentesis and injection of radiographic contrast media into the tarsocrural joint.
5. The response of the synovial membrane, as determined by arthroscopy and electron-microscopy, to both arthrocentesis and injection or radiographic contrast media into the tarsocrural joint.
The studies reported in this dissertation are my own work and are the result of original investigations using x-ray equipment at the University of Sydney. Use was also made of the laboratory facilities of the Department of Veterinary Pathology and the research animal facilities of the Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, both of the University of Sydney. Additional facilities used were the Electron Microscopy Unit of the University of Sydney; the Raymond Purves Laboratory of Royal North Shore Hospital (Sydney); the computed tomographic equipment of Royal North Shore Hospital (Sydney) and the magnetic resonance imaging equipment at the Edgecliff C.T. and M.R. Centre (Sydney).
Some preliminary aspects of this work were presented at scientific meetings of the Chapter of Radiology, Australian College of Veterinary Scientists (Wright and Wood 1987) and the International Veterinary Radiology Association (Wright, Wood and Kirby 1988; Wright, Duffy and Kitchener 1988).
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Foster, Louise V. "Studies concerning the diagnosis and progression of caries in adults." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319090.
Full textBooks on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Erhardt, Russell. Chiropractic reference of clinical radiographic studies. 4th ed. Russell Erhardt, 1985.
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J, Harris Vivian, ed. Radiographic atlas of child abuse: A case studies approach. Igaku-Shoin, 1996.
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Pikner, Solweig Sundén. Radiographic follow-up analysis of Brånemark® dental implants. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Folktandvården, Postgraduate Dental Education Center, 2008.
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A, Jaeger Sharon, and Pate Deborah M, eds. Case studies in chiropractic radiology. Aspen Publishers, 1990.
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T, Godai, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Studies of solid propellant combustion with pulsed radiography. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.
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Clark, Mims Barbara, ed. Case studies in critical care nursing. Williams & Wilkins, 1990.
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Balachandiran, G. Radiology interpretation made easy: One hundred most common diseases studied. Jaybee Brothers, 2008.
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Moskowitz, Harold. I.C.U. chest radiology: Principles and case studies. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
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Moskowitz, Harold. I.C.U. chest radiology: Principles and case studies. Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Loftus, Christopher Miranda, Satoshi Kuroda, and Naoya Kuwayama. "Radiographic Studies." In Carotid Treatment: Principles and Techniques, 3rd ed. CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003042174-3.
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Piekutowski, Andrew J. "Radiographic Studies of Impact Fragmentation." In High-Pressure Shock Compression of Solids II. Springer New York, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2320-7_6.
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Abbott, Gerald F. "Challenging Chest Radiograph Interpretation." In IDKD Springer Series. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-83872-9_14.
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Abstract Chest radiography is the most widely used medical imaging modality in the world. The volume of chest radiographic studies continues to rise, in tandem with increased utilization of cross-sectional imaging studies. The most efficient method of interpreting such a large and growing work volume requires a systematic approach applied in a consistent manner. Within that framework, challenging and unusual cases will arise and require more concentrated efforts than those needed to interpret the more typical cases in day-to-day practice. A challenge may arise due to small size or poor conspicuity of a pulmonary nodule on chest radiography—a nodule that may represent a lung cancer. That challenge can be met by the radiologist’s awareness of common causes for missing such lesions on radiographic studies. Other cases may be challenging by unusual combinations of imaging findings that may be manifestations of more than one underlying diagnosis. In other instances, the complexity and distribution of findings—as in cases of interstitial lung disease—may challenge the radiologist’s fund of knowledge and level of experience. The following cases illustrate teaching points that are intended to assist the reader in meeting such challenges.
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Jain, Drishti, Adivya Jain, and Tej Singh. "A CNN Framework for COVID Identification Using Radiographic Images." In Studies in Smart Technologies. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9132-3_18.
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Yenumula, Lakshminarayana, Rajesh V. Acharya, and Umesh Kumar. "Case Studies in the Use of Digital Radiographic Imaging for Structural Integrity Assessment and Failure Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9093-8_15.
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"Radiographic Studies." In Carotid Endarterectomy. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/9781420016277-4.
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"Radiographic Studies." In Carotid Endarterectomy. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14141-3.
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Porcellini, Giuseppe, Francesco Fauci, Fabrizio Campi, and Paolo Paladini. "Radiographic studies and findings." In Shoulder Instability: A Comprehensive Approach. Elsevier, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4377-0922-3.00017-4.
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Mitchell H.L. "Medical Imaging: Fulfilling the Promises." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 1997. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-881-6-489.
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Between 1980 and the present, a period which corresponds to the life of the international meetings on spinal deformity, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and ultra-sonic imaging have emerged as new and powerful imaging techniques. Photographic and radiographic imaging have remained as effective imaging techniques over the same period, here too developments in digital imaging hardware and in digital image processing software have allowed the photograph and radiograph to play a role in spinal studies which was previously impossible. To allow MRI, CT and ultra-sonic techniques as well as radiography to be developed effectively for spinal studies, through greater use of digital image processing and with greater user control, some concerted input by interested parties may be beneficial. Specifically, improvements in imaging for spinal study purposes may occur most efficiently and effectively if the International Research Society for Spinal Deformities plays a part in setting goals for useful imaging and user specifications.
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Grivas Theodoros B., Dangas Spyros, Polyzois Basil D., and Samelis Panagiotis. "The Double Rib Contour Sign (DRCS) in Lateral Spinal Radiographs, Aetiologic Implications for Scoliosis." In Studies in Health Technology and Informatics. IOS Press, 2002. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-60750-932-5-38.
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All lateral spinal radiographs in idiopathic scoliosis show a DRC sign of the thoracic cage, a radiographic expression of the rib hump. The outline of the convex overlies the contour of the concave ribs. The aim of this study is to assess this DRC sign in children with and without Late Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis (LOIS) with 10� -20� Cobb angle, and to examine whether in scoliosis the deformity of the thorax or that of the spine develops first.
Conference papers on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Keşkekci, Kevser, Gül Şahin, Fuat Türk, Murat Lüy, and Fevzi Acar. "An Approach to Detection of Dental Restorations on Panoramic Radiographs." In 2024 8th International Symposium on Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Technologies (ISMSIT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ismsit63511.2024.10757290.
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Liu, Xiaodong, Weilong Zhang, Gerald S. Frankel, Bahman Zoofan, and Stanislav Rokhlin. "Intergranular Corrosion and Stress Corrosion Cracking of AA2024-T3." In CORROSION 2001. NACE International, 2001. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2001-01233.
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Abstract The kinetics of intergranular stress corrosion cracks and the relation to the kinetics of intergranular corrosion were studied by foil penetration experiments on AA2024-T3 samples subjected to a uniaxial tensile stress. Samples with various orientations relative to the rolling direction were studied in 1.0 M NaCl at an applied anodic potential. The applied stress increased the rate of penetration relative to the rate for unstressed samples. The penetrated samples were further characterized using X-ray microfocal radiography and optical cross sectioning. The cracks for certain orientations were found to have interesting and unexpected morphologies.
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Nicola, Sally, Victor Carreto, Ray A. Mentzer, and M. Sam Mannan. "Corrosion under Insulation Detection Technique." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02570.
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Abstract Corrosion is the most significant mechanical integrity issue faced by the petrochemical industry. Even after decades of study, prevention and mitigation, it remains the leading cause of pipeline failure in the oil and gas industry. Enormous costs are directed towards repairing corrosion damage in facilities every year. In this work, one of the most problematic forms of corrosion is studied: corrosion under insulation (CUI). Many methods of detecting CUI have been developed, including ultrasound, radiography methods, and pulsed eddy current testing; however, each has shortcomings that make them inapplicable for some conditions, or generally, not accurate enough. This work focuses on studying a non-destructive method to detect CUI. One of the methods considered is X-ray computed tomography. While similar to real-time radiography, this method has higher resolution, and has the capability to provide a 3D image of the specimen, showing where the corrosion is located and its extent. Also, it does not require the insulation layer to be removed. Experiments show that this method is effective in detecting internal and external corrosion in pipes under different types of insulation.
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Sharp, W. B. A. (Sandy). "An Overview of Stress-Assisted Corrosion in the Pulp and Paper Industry." In CORROSION 2004. NACE International, 2004. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2004-04513.
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Abstract Stress-assisted corrosion (SAC) forms fissures on the waterside of boiler tubes near external attachment welds. Because of the severe consequence of water leaks in black liquor recovery boilers, these fissures present a particular hazard in the pulp and paper industry. Aware of the hazard they present since the late 1980s, this industry has developed radiographic techniques to estimate their severity and empirical rules to determine the fitness-for-service of tubes containing SAC. Perhaps surprisingly, burst tests suggest that the strength imparted by external attachment welds more than compensates for the weakening effects of the internal stress-assisted corrosion fissures they produce. Although stress-assisted corrosion is closely related to corrosion fatigue cracking, which has been studied in detail by EPRI, cycle chemistry guidelines developed to avoid corrosion fatigue in utility boilers have not generally been applied in the pulp and paper industry. On the basis of information gathered at a pulp and paper industry colloquium on stress-assisted corrosion, a research program was developed to clarify the mechanisms of stress assisted corrosion (SAC) in industrial boilers and to determine the key parameters in its mitigation and control.
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Mohammed, Muazu, and Aamir Saddiq. "Evaluation of the Impact of Iron Oxide Deposit on the Eddy Current (ECT) Measurements of Heat Exchanger Nickel Tubes." In CONFERENCE 2022. AMPP, 2022. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2022-17859.
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Abstract Corrosion is a major cause of disruption of operations of many refineries and petrochemical plants; ECT Inspection was conducted on the tubes of a shell-and-tube heat exchanger as part of turn-around scope, it revealed severe wall loss on tube outside diameter (OD). The shell is medium pressure steam and tube sodium hydroxide. A metallurgical characterization was conducted on the heat exchanger Nickel tubes to investigate the failure mechanism and to provide recommendations for mitigation, two tubes with over 80% wall loss from the ECT reports were pulled out for the studies. Profile radiography (PRT), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques were conducted on sample tubes. The investigation showed the tubes were satisfactory contrary to the two ECT report, the corrosion products iron oxides formed a thin layer on the OD of the tubes, this thin layer of iron oxide from corrosion of upstream carbon steel steam piping on the surface of the Nickel tubes resulted in erroneous signal to ECT probes. The purpose of this paper is to share the result of erroneous monitoring measurement; the use of only one source of measurement from monitoring tools to make a major costly decision.
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Al-Ali, Samir K., Husain J. Alshammari, Faisal H. Al-Refai, Vinod K. Bhatia, and Mohd Al-Otaibi. "Monitoring of Stagnant and Low-Flow Lines in Petroleum Refineries." In CORROSION 2017. NACE International, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2017-09682.
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Abstract With new advancements in the petroleum refining processes, the need for monitoring of corrosion on the new and old systems is also transforming. This paper describes the experience gained in monitoring of stagnant and low flow lines of a refinery in Kuwait After witnessing a failure in one of the de-salter relief lines of the crude distillation unit, a comprehensive plan was prepared to identify and address similar cases in the entire refinery which was a major challenge. This paper describes the probable causes and the adopted remedies for the localized corrosion observed in the insulated de-salter relief line. Circumstantial evidence and failure morphology were studied in arriving at the root cause for this failure. Although, samples of the pipe showed signs of aggravated external corrosion at the failure location after removal of insulation, the reason assigned for the failure was due to under-deposit corrosion mainly on the pipe internal side. Based on the findings and experience gained from the above case, an advanced Non Destructive Testing (NDT) e.g. Long-Range Ultrasonic Testing (LRUT), profile radiography etc. methodology for the monitoring of other stagnant and low-flow was prepared and is currently under implementation.
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Muscio, J., H. Somacal, A. A. Burlon, et al. "Radiographic Technique for Densitometric Studies Using Heavy Ion Microbeams." In VII Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications. AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2813866.
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Kozlowski, P. M., S. Coffing, T. Byvank, et al. "Radiographic Studies of a Shockwave Interacting with a Counter-Propagating Radiation Flow." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science (ICOPS). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icops45740.2023.10481014.
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Threadgold, J., A. Critchley, A. Jones, I. Crotch, D. Rose, and S. Portillo. "Studies into the Time Resolved Source Diameter of a Self Magnetic Pinch Radiographic Diode." In 2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ppc.2005.300536.
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Choplin, Robert H., Arne Nilsson, John M. Boehme, et al. "Patterns Of Usage Of Radiographic Studies: Implications For Picture Archival And Communication Systems Development." In Application of Optical Instrumentation in Medicine XIV and Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS IV) for Medical Applications, edited by Samuel J. Dwyer III and Roger H. Schneider. SPIE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.975463.
Full textReports on the topic "Radiographic studies"
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Smith, D. L., Yujiro Ikeda, and Yoshitomo Uno. Radiography studies with gamma rays produced by 14-MeV fusion neutrons. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/434915.
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Bowlin, Elizabeth, and Puneet Agarwal. PR-201-153718-R03 Integrity Assessment of DTI Pipelines Using High Resolution NDE in Select Areas. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011486.
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Hydrostatic test and In-Line Inspection are the prescribed integrity assessment methods cited in various Codes and Regulations and have been proven to enhance pipeline safety. But a significant number of pipelines across the world remain difficult to inspect and impractical to modify for inspection by the prescribed methods due to physical configurations or operating conditions. This research performs a state of the art (SOTA) analysis of NDE technology readiness considering physical and operational barriers and technology deployment from inside, outside or over pipelines, and the possible role of inspection sampling to conclude pipeline integrity and justify intervals for conversion for piggability or hydrotest. The goal of the research is to propose alternatives to ILI for safe prioritization and scheduling for conversion or replacement and not to replace hydrostatic test or ILI as currently prescribed in Codes and Regulations. The scope of the research is limited to technologies and integrity management concerning metal loss threat. This report represents the third and final update of prior reports from the two preceding years presenting a compendium of technologies describing technology readiness for state of the art non-destructive evaluation (NDE) technologies intended for low resolution pipeline condition screening and high resolution NDE for deployment at sample locations with capabilities applicable to difficult to inspect pipeline configurations. Integrated cleaning and inspection pigs, smart balls, external deployed ultrasonic, radiographic and magnetometry are pipe wall screening technologies evaluated in the reports. A structured process is proposed for assessing pipeline integrity based on low resolution screening of the full length of a pipeline segment followed by high resolution NDE samples at locations where screening indicates locations of possible wall loss. The process employs extreme value analysis for prediction of maximum metal loss severity across the screened segment. For instances where no metal loss indications reported by screening or from high resolution samples an alternative "compliance approach" is also addressed. Case studies are presented where PRCI members have deployed some of the technologies referenced in the NDE SOTA phase of the research and implemented the proposed extreme value or the compliance approaches. Validation of fitness for service conclusions based on inspection sampling by comparison with full length high resolution ILI or hydrostatic test are included in some of the case studies. The conclusions of the case studies demonstrate integrity conclusions obtained from the PRCI structured process are conservative and consistent with ILI or hydrostatic test conclusions. Based on the experience from the case studies and the SOTA, a metal loss screening efficiency factor (MLSE) is proposed enabling pipeline operators to understand the general relationship between screening level (sample stratification) and direct examination (inspection sampling) required to provide equivalent understanding of pipe wall condition, limited to metal loss. As mentioned by ASME/API ILI has limitations that need to be considered in its deployment and full discovery of metal loss conditions. Under some conditions (noted by API 1163) ILI predictions can be accepted without any direct examinations or verifications, i.e full length screening (high resolution) and no verification samples. At the other end of the spectrum random sampling can be theoretically deployed as a screening approach but depending on the condition of the pipeline, the high-resolution sample area could be very large to obtain a significant integrity conclusion. This report proposes a comparative scale of effectiveness for SOTA pipe wall screening technologies that offer the operator an expectation of high resolution NDE sample size. There is a related webinar
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Sauppe, Joshua Paul, Eric Nicholas Loomis, Elizabeth Catherine Merritt, Tana Cardenas, Brian Michael Haines, and Paul Andrew Bradley. Preliminary Design Studies for a Hydro-Growth Radiography Platform to Study the Double Shell Ablator Joint. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1511644.
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L51634 Significance of Changes in Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties due to SMAW Repair. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010104.
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There is a periodic requirement for immediate weld repairs during all pipe-laying operations. This need arises due to the occasional occurrence of girth weld flaws, which exceed specified defect tolerance levels. These defects are most commonly discovered by on-site radiographic inspection techniques and may be voids, inclusions and geometric irregularities. Repair welding may be required only over a limited portion of the pipe circumference and access for carrying out the repair may be restricted. Due to the range of types of repairs carried out and the limited time scales available, it is common for the weld repair procedures to be less well documented than the girth weld procedures. In particular, the welding procedure may not have been qualified with the same thoroughness and attention to detail as was the girth welding procedure.Weldments typically contain high residual stresses. The primary source of these residual stresses is the differential contraction, which occurs as a weldment cools. This contraction is restrained by the surrounding cooler material resulting in the weld metal being placed in tension with balancing areas of compression in the surrounding material. The input of additional thermal energy due to a repair in a highly restrained region may create a new residual stress pattern around the repair. Mechanical properties, especially toughness, may be adversely affected in the region near the repair. This program assessed the effects of SMAW repair welding on changes in surface residual stress distribution; fracture toughness and hardness around girth weld joints in line pipe. The following types of repair welds were studied: a part wall repair, a multiple part wall repair and full wall repair. The results were compared with a non-repaired weld sample. It was found that for the weld samples studied in this program, the full wall repair produced the most severe residual stress distribution followed by the multiple and single part wall repairs. The single repair only slightly increased the residual stress distribution when compared to the as-welded condition. Dramatic reductions in toughness were found in the multiple and full wall repairs due to coarse-grained regions produced during the repair operations. The single part wall repair exhibited an increase in toughness as a result of the addition of a cosmetic capping pass that resulted in greater grain refinement. This suggests that repair procedures utilizing a stringer or temper bead technique may reduce the effect of weld repairs on toughness.