Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radiography

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Radiography'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Radiography"

1

Kumar, K. V. Arun, V. R. Raghul, E. Pradeep, Haemanath Pandian, Aswin Vijay, and Mohideen Sheik. "Single Stance Radiography of the Knee Joint – A Novel Approach to Assess the Degree of Knee Osteoarthritis." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 14, no. 5 (2024): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2024.v14.i05.4476.

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Introduction: Conventional radiography has always been cited as the gold standard for assessing the structural changes associated with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. The purpose of the study was to compare the joint space width between both leg-standing and one-leg-standing radiographs in an assessment of the severity of OA of the knee. Materials and Methods: Fifty patients with medial compartment OA were deployed for the study. Patients underwent both leg standing radiographs and one-leg standing radiograph on the affected leg. Kellgren–Lawrence (KL) radiographic classification was used to assess the severity of OA using joint space width. Conclusion: The mean medial joint space width decreased from 3.26 mm in both legs of the standing radiograph to 1.98 mm in the one-leg standing radiograph. Patients on both leg standing radiographs appreciated an increase in grade during the single leg radiograph. Nearly 52% of patients with both leg standing radiographs have changed the KL grading to a more severe grade when undergone a single leg standing radiograph. One-leg standing radiograph was found to be a better representation of joint space width than both-leg standing radiographs. Keywords: Knee osteoarthritis, imaging, one-leg standing radiography, both leg standing radiography.
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Ekayultania, Vivin Nadine, Ryna Dwi Yanuaryska, and Silviana Farrah Diba. "Panoramic and periapical radiographs utilization in Disaster Victim Identification (DVI): narrative review." Jurnal Radiologi Dentomaksilofasial Indonesia (JRDI) 5, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.32793/jrdi.v5i3.714.

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Objectives: The purpose of this narrative review is to discover radiographic images in panoramic and periapical radiographs that are used as identifiers and to compare the use of panoramic and periapical radiographs in identification based on DVI.
 Review: The databases used in this narrative review are Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct. A total of 1258 search results appeared based on keywords. The search results were selected by title and abstract according to their relevance to the review topic, then results are selected again based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total of 38 literatures were reviewed. This review shows radiographic identifiers used in panoramic radiographs are tooth restorations, crown, Root Canal Treatment (RCT), dental bridge, dental implants, maxillary sinus, rectilinear metal plate, orthodontic brackets, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. The radiographic identifiers used in periapical radiograph are tooth restorations, PSA, tooth anomaly, and root morphology. In this review, 53.8% of the literatures used panoramic radiograph for identification, whereas 46.2% used periapical radiograph.
 Conclusion: This review concluded that the most used radiographic identifier in panoramic radiograph is tooth restoration (57,1%) whereas in periapical radiograph is RCT (83,3%). Panoramic radiography were used in 53,8% of the literatures in this review, it was used more than periapical radiography.
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Peng, Cheng, Haofu Liao, Gina Wong, Jiebo Luo, S. Kevin Zhou, and Rama Chellappa. "XraySyn: Realistic View Synthesis From a Single Radiograph Through CT Priors." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 436–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i1.16120.

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A radiograph visualizes the internal anatomy of a patient through the use of X-ray, which projects 3D information onto a 2D plane. Hence, radiograph analysis naturally requires physicians to relate their prior knowledge about 3D human anatomy to 2D radiographs. Synthesizing novel radiographic views in a small range can assist physicians in interpreting anatomy more reliably; however, radiograph view synthesis is heavily ill-posed, lacking in paired data, and lacking in differentiable operations to leverage learning-based approaches. To address these problems, we use Computed Tomography (CT) for radiograph simulation and design a differentiable projection algorithm, which enables us to achieve geometrically consistent transformations between the radiography and CT domains. Our method, XraySyn, can synthesize novel views on real radiographs through a combination of realistic simulation and finetuning on real radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on radiograph view synthesis. We show that by gaining an understanding of radiography in 3D space, our method can be applied to radiograph bone extraction and suppression without requiring groundtruth bone labels.
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Arslan, Zeynep Betül, Hilal Demir, Dila Berker Yıldız, and Füsun Yaşar. "Diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography and ultrasonography in detecting periapical lesions using periapical radiography as a gold standard." Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 49, no. 6 (September 1, 2020): 20190290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/dmfr.20190290.

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Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of imaging techniques in diagnosing periapical lesions. Methods: Imaging records of 80 patients (51 females, 29 males, aged between 14 and 75 years) including periapical and panoramic radiographs and ultrasonographic images were selected from databases of Selcuk University Dentistry Faculty. Periapical radiographs were accepted as gold-standard and 160 anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth with or without periapical lesion were included to the study. Three specialist observers (dental radiologists) evaluated the presence and appearance of periapical lesions on panoramic radiograph and ultrasonographic images. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic value of panoramic radiographs and ultrasonography were determined. Results: Sensitivity was 0.80 and 0.77 for ultrasonographic images and panoramic radiographs, respectively which shows that periapical lesion was correctly detected in 80% of the cases with ultrasound and in 77% of the cases with panoramic radiography. Specificity values were determined as 0.97 for ultrasound and 0.95 for panoramic radiography. Overall diagnostic accuracy was 0.86 and 0.84 for ultrasound and panoramic radiography, respectively. Conclusions: Periapical and panoramic radiographs are commonly used to visualize periapical lesions. Besides, ultrasonography is an alternative method to digital radiographic techniques in the diagnosis of anterior teeth with periapical lesions.
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Basso, Maria D., Fabiano Jeremias, Rita C. L. Cordeiro, and Lourdes Santos-Pinto. "Digital Radiography for Determination of Primary Tooth Length:In VivoandEx VivoStudies." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/939045.

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Background.Methods for determining the root canal length of the primary tooth should yield accurate and reproducible results.In vitrostudies show some limitations, which do not allow their findings to be directly transferred to a clinical situation.Aim.To compare the accuracy of radiographic tooth length obtained fromin vivodigital radiograph with that obtained fromex vivodigital radiograph.Method.Direct digital radiographs of 20 upper primary incisors were performed in teeth (2/3 radicular resorption) that were radiographed by an intraoral sensor, according to the long-cone technique. Teeth were extracted, measured, and mounted in a resin block, and then radiographic template was used to standardise the sensor-target distance (30 cm). The apparent tooth length (APTL) was obtained from the computer screen by means of an electronic ruler accompanying the digital radiography software (CDR 2.0), whereas the actual tooth length (ACTL) was obtained by means of a digital calliper following extraction. Data were compared to the ACTL by variance analysis and Pearson’s correlation test.Results.The values for APTL obtained fromin vivoradiography were slightly underestimated, whereas those values obtained fromex vivowere slightly overestimated. No significance was observed(P≤0.48)between APTL and ACTL.Conclusion.The length of primary teeth estimated byin vivoandex vivocomparisons using digital radiography was found to be similar to the actual tooth length.
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Rini Hatma Rusli, Bambang Ariyanto, Maritje S. J Malisngorar, and Ira Sandi Tunny. "Kendali Mutu (Quality Control) Pada Computed Radiology (CR)." Calory Journal : Medical Laboratory Journal 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.57213/caloryjournal.v1i3.41.

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Computed Radiography (CR) is a radiographic system that can convert analog signals into digital signals so that they are easily processed by image processing , to deal with the inconsistency of image quality from errors in lighting . One of the problems in CR is that the radiograph results are less than the maximum and can inhibit or reduce the ability to diagnose. This study aims to determine how the quality control of CR. This type of research is carried out in literature ( library study) that is by reading literature that has to do with the research conducted, as well as from other sources relating to Quality Control Computed Radiography (CR) and draw conclusions based on existing data. Based on the available literature, it can be concluded that the quality control on Computed Radiography (CR) is different but it does not reduce in terms of improving the quality of Computed Radiography (CR) in producing quality radiographs and can establish diagnoses.
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Mattoon, J. S. "Digital radiography." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 19, no. 03 (2006): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1632988.

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SummaryDigital radiography has been used in human medical imaging since the 1980's with recent and rapid acceptance into the veterinary profession. Using advanced image capture and computer technology, radiographic images are viewed on a computer monitor. This is advantageous because radiographic images can be adjusted using dedicated computer software to maximize diagnostic image quality. Digital images can be accessed at computer workstations throughout the hospital, instantly retrieved from computer archives, and transmitted via the internet for consultation or case referral. Digital radiographic data can also be incorporated into a hospital information system, making record keeping an entirely paperless process. Digital image acquisition is faster when compared to conventional screen-film radiography, improving workflow and patient throughput. Digital radiography greatly reduces the need for “retake” radiographs because of wide latitude in exposure factors. Also eliminated are costs associated with radiographic film and x-ray film development. Computed radiography, charged coupled devices, and flat panel detectors are types of digital radiography systems currently available.
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Prastanti, Agustina Dwi, Darmini Darmini, Siti Daryati, Gatot Murti Wibowo, and Kesita Grace Natalia Suan. "Rancang Bangun Alat Pelapis Kaset Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Infeksi pada Pemeriksaan Radiografi." Jurnal Imejing Diagnostik (JImeD) 1, no. 1 (February 4, 2025): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.31983/jimed.v1i1.12567.

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Background: Infection control in radiography is carried out by wrapping tapes and radiograph equipment using polyethylene plastic bags. Existing conditions in the hospital require at least 1 to 2 layers of plastic for each radiography in patients with a history of infectious diseases. The use of plastic causes the amount of infectious plastic waste to be increased. Therefore, an alternative is needed to use acrylic mica material that can be used repeatedly and is environmentally friendly as a replacement for plastic bags.Methods: This research design is a Research and Development (RnD) study with the ADDIE model which is carried out with five stages, namely analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The data collection method is carried out by observation, testing the function of the tool, and then the data is processed and analyzed by criticizing the results of radiographic image quality using ImageJ software.Results: Four sizes of precision radiographic cassette coating have been produced with four radiographic cassette sizes. The average decrease in the mean number is 1.07%.Conclusion: The radiograph quality from using acrylic mica cassette coatings in radiograph examinations can still produce good quality radiographs based on the results of histogram graph analysis which produces graphs that have a similar shape between those without using cassette coatings and those with cassette coatings.
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Khummoon, Piyanut, Sirilawan Tohnak, Chutamas Deepho, Saran Worasakwutiphong, and Supanya Naivikul. "Accuracy of Extraoral Bitewing Compared with Histopathology in Proximal Caries Detection of Primary Molar Teeth." Asian Health, Science and Technology Reports 32, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.69650/ahstr.2024.985.

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An accurate diagnosis of dental caries leads to a suitable treatment plan and prevents premature loss of primary teeth. Intraoral bitewing radiography helps caries determination but has limitations in pediatric patients with severe gag reflexes while the extraoral bitewing radiograph resolved the patients who refused to undergo intraoral radiographs. The research objective was to compare the accuracy of extraoral bitewing radiography and the gold standard histopathological examination for proximal caries detection in the primary molars. Twenty-four extracted primary molars with and without proximal caries were divided into three groups and arranged in the mimetic alveolar sockets of a 3D-printed skull and mandible. Two observers evaluated extraoral bitewing images separately twice at one-week intervals. The weighted kappa coefficients showed excellent intra-observer and inter-observer agreements between each session of the extraoral bitewing radiographic assessments. The Mann-Whitney U test showed no difference between the radiographic grading scores of extraoral bitewing images and the gold standard. The sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve in cavitated carious lesions were higher than in non-cavitated carious lesions. In conclusion, extraoral bitewing is an alternative radiography for pediatric patients who are either uncooperative or intolerant to intraoral radiography.
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Abbeyquaye, D., S. Inkoom, N. B. Hammond, J. J. Fletcher, and B. O. Botwe. "PATIENT DOSE ASSESSMENT AND OPTIMISATION OF PELVIC RADIOGRAPHY WITH COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY SYSTEMS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 195, no. 1 (June 2021): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncab111.

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Abstract Digital radiography systems can reduce radiation dose, this capability was harnessed to explore dose and image quality (IQ) optimisation strategies. Entrance surface dose (ESD), effective dose (ED) and organ doses were determined by the indirect method for patients undergoing pelvic anteroposterior X-ray examinations with computed radiography systems. The IQ of patients’ radiographs was assessed in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An anthropomorphic phantom was exposed with varying tube potential (kVp), tube current-time product (mAs), and focus-to-detector distance (FDD) to determine phantom-entrance dose for the optimisation studies. SNR of each phantom radiograph was determined. Patients’ mean ESD of 2.38 ± 0.60 mGy, ED of 0.25 ± 0.07 mSv and SNR of 8.5 ± 2.2 were obtained. After optimisation, entrance dose was reduced by 29.2% with 5 cm increment in FDD, and 5 kVp reduction in tube potential. kVp and/or mAs reduction with an increment in FDD reduced entrance dose without adversely compromising radiographic-IQ.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiography"

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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.

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Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Davidson, Robert Andrew. "Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks in digital radiography." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1932.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>Radiographic film/screen (F/S) images have a narrow latitude or dynamic range. The film’s ability to record and view all the anatomy within the x-ray field is limited by this narrow dynamic range. The advent of digital radiographic means of storing and displaying radiographic images has improved the ability to record and visualise all of the anatomy. The problem still exists in digital radiography (DR) when radiographic examinations of certain anatomical regions are undertaken. In this work, the value of anatomically shaped radiographic contrast-enhancement masks (RCMs) in improving image contrast and reducing the dynamic range of images in DR was examined. Radiographic contrast-enhancement masks are digital masks that alter the radiographic contrast in DR images. The shape of these masks can be altered by the user. Anatomically shaped RCMs have been modelled on tissue compensation filters (TCFs) commonly used in F/S radiographic examinations. The prime purpose of a TCF is to reduce the dynamic range of photons reaching the image receptor and hence improve radiographic contrast in the resultant image. RCMs affect the dynamic range of the image rather than the energy source of the image, that of the x-ray photons. The research consisted of three distinct phases. The first phase was to examine physical TCFs and their effects on F/S radiographic images. Physical TCFs are used in radiographic F/S examinations to attenuate the x-ray beam to compensate for varying patient tissue thicknesses and/or densities. The effect of the TCF is to reduce resultant radiographic optical density variations in the image, allowing the viewer to observe a range of densities within the image which would otherwise not be visualised. Physical TCFs are commonly aluminium- or lead-based materials that attenuate the x-ray beam. A TCF has varying physical thickness to differentially attenuate the iii beam and is shaped for specific anatomical situations. During this project, various commonly used physical TCFs were examined. Measurements of size and thickness were made. Characteristics of linear attenuation coefficients and half-value thicknesses were delineated for various TCF materials and at various energies. The second phase of the research was to model the physical TCFs in a digital environment and apply the RCMs to DR images. The digital RCMs were created with similar characteristics to mimic the shapes to the physical TCFs. The RCM characteristics can be adjusted by the viewer of the image to suit the anatomy being imaged. Anatomically shaped RCMs were designed to assist in overcoming a limitation when viewing digital radiographic images, that of the dynamic range of the image. Anatomically shaped RCMs differ from other means of controlling the dynamic range of a digital radiographic image. It has been shown that RCMs can reduce the range of optical densities within images with a large dynamic range, to facilitate visualisation of all anatomy within the image. Physical TCFs are used within a specific range of radiographic F/S examinations. Digital radiographic images from this range of examinations were collected from various clinical radiological centres. Anatomically shaped RCMs were applied to the images to improve radiographic contrast of the images. The third phase of the research was to ascertain the benefits of the use of RCMs. Various other methods are currently in use to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It is generally accepted that these methods also introduce noise into the image and hence reduce image quality. Quantitative comparisons of noise within the image were undertaken. The anatomically shaped RCMs introduced less noise than current methods designed to reduce the dynamic range of digital radiographic images. It was shown that RCM methods do not affect image quality. Radiographers make subjective assessment of digital radiographic image quality as part of their professional practice. To assess the subjective quality of images enhanced with anatomically shaped RCMs, a survey of radiographers and other iv qualified people was undertaken to ascertain any improvement in RCM-modified images compared to the original images. Participants were provided with eight pairs of image to compare. Questions were asked in the survey as to which image had the better range of optical densities; in which image the anatomy was easiest to visualise; which image had the simplest contrast and density manipulation for optimal visualisation; and which image had the overall highest image quality. Responses from 123 participants were received and analysed. The statistical analysis showed a higher preference by radiographers for the digital radiographic images in which the RCMs had been applied. Comparisons were made between anatomical regions and between patient-related factors of size, age and whether pathology was present in the image or not. The conclusion was drawn that digital RCMs correctly applied to digital radiographic images decrease the dynamic range of the image, allowing the entire anatomy to be visualised in one image. Radiographic contrast in the image can be maximised whilst maintaining image quality. Using RCMs in some digital radiographic examinations, radiographers will be able to present optimised images to referring clinicians. It is envisaged that correctly applied RCMs in certain radiographic examinations will enhance radiographic image quality and possibly lead to improved diagnosis from these images.
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Hayre, Christopher Maverick. "Radiography observed : an ethnographic study exploring contemporary radiographic practice." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14517/.

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This study explores the day-to-day application of digital radiography (DR) within the X-ray environment. This study presents the voices of the radiographers' untold views, attitudes and experiences of DR through the process of observing, listening, retelling and interpreting junior and senior radiographers' responses. There were three stages to this ethnographic study. Firstly, exploring 'what radiographers did' environment by observing clinical practices. This provided 'first-hand' experience of action-in-process. Secondly, 22 semi-structured interviews were undertaken, directed by emerging themes and informal discussions from the clinical observations. Semi-structured interviews provided an understanding of the experiences, behaviours and attitudes of radiographers providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between practice and context. Thirdly, X-ray experiments were undertaken contributing to 'what had been seen and said by participants'. This data was later triangulated to support the research objectives outlined in this PhD research. Observation and interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and grouped into four overarching categories; learning, radiographer challenges, ionising radiation and patient care delivery. X-ray experimental data was inputted into SPSS and later coded. The qualitative data had numerous codes, which generated themes and could be linked in order to generate theoretical descriptions. Multiple-linear regression analysis and Pearson's Correlation provide statistically significant values (p < 0.001) for the experimental models contributing to 'what had been seen and said' by radiographers in the clinical environment. This thesis provides new insights into general radiographic practices using advancing technology. The conclusions that can be drawn from the empirical data is that advancing technology has impacted the day-to-day practices of diagnostic radiographers. Complex phenomena include; current knowledge and understanding, the practice of keeping doses 'as low as reasonably practicable' and impact on patient care delivery. These insights suggest that healthcare and academic environments may require additional support in the aim of delivering optimum patient care.
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Jackson, Marcus Thomas. "Conceptualising radiography knowledge and the role of radiography educators : perspectives and experiences of a radiography education community." Thesis, Kingston University, 2013. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/27737/.

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The diagnostic radiography curriculum and the process of its enactment are under researched in the United Kingdom. To date, there have been no published studies which have investigated the curriculum and the role of radiography educators from the multiple perspectives of radiography students, university radiography educators and clinical radiography educators, that is, a radiography education community. Accordingly, this study describes the perceptions and experiences of a radiography education community in relation to three research questions: 1. How does a radiography education community conceptualise the radiography knowledge and skills required of a diagnostic radiographer? 2. How does a radiography education community conceptualise the role played by university based and clinically based radiography educators in helping the radiography student acquire radiography knowledge and skills? 3. How does the community in this study compare with Lave and Wenger’s theoretical constructs of a situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and Communities of Practice (CoP)? The epistemological foundation of the study is constructivism and the overarching methodology is a case study conducted within a single higher education institution and three of its associated clinical practice partner settings. The primary data collecting method comprised semi-structured interviews, supplemented by a critical review of germane literatures, government policy and the curriculum guidance provided by the relevant professional and statutory bodies. The theoretical framework in which the study is situated is based upon Lave and Wenger’s theories of situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and communities of practice. The findings of the study reveal a radiography education community which is lacking any unifying pedagogic discourse. In particular, there is an absence of opportunities for cross-community working, especially in collaborative curriculum development and the process of its enactment. This is further compounded by the community’s narrow interpretation of what a curriculum should comprise. Currently there is a clear focus on knowledge content and curriculum as a product which fails to take into account praxis and the social context in which learning takes place. These findings have been summarised by a representation of the enacted curriculum as compared with the ‘ideological’ function of a radiography curriculum. Specific developments required of the curriculum include: (i) placing a greater emphasise on the vocational relevance of radiography knowledge; (ii) gaining a better understanding of tacit radiography knowledge; (iii) ensuring greater familiarity with the curriculum and (iv) enhancing the standard of clinical supervision. The radiography education community in this study evidences both convergence and divergence with Lave and Wenger’s theoretical constructs of situated learning, legitimate peripheral participation and community of practice. Within the context of radiography education the study also highlights the consequence of power relationships, the complexity of learning in and across multiple communities of practice and the importance of individual learner biographies, all of which are underdeveloped in Lave and Wenger’s theoretical discourse. These findings have been summarised in a proposed theoretical model for a radiography education community of practice. Three specific pedagogic and managerial inferences may be drawn from this study which will require staff development and consideration of how the diagnostic radiography programme is managed across the community. Firstly, context, process and praxis need to be carefully considered in the collaborative development, design and implementation of the curriculum. Secondly, the university and clinical educators need to reflect on their own learning and teaching skills by engaging more fully with pedagogy. Thirdly, communication across the radiography education community of practice must be improved.
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Grantham, Stephen Gary. "Digital speckle radiography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619648.

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Polinsky, Adam S. "Evaluation and Comparison of Periapical Healing Using Periapical Films and Cone Beam Computed Tomography: Post-Treatment Follow Up." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5767.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the radiographic changes in periapical status and analysis of healing determined using periapical radiographs (PA) versus cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) pre-operatively and at 3-64 months following endodontic treatment. Methods: Pre/post treatment radiograph and CBCT scans of patients who had NSRCT, NSReTx, or SRCT from July 2011-December 2018 at VCU Graduate Endodontic clinic were included in this study. Volumetric and linear measurements of periapical lesions on initial and recall PA and CBCT images were performed using three calibrated examiners. Changes and differences in the estimated area from PA to CBCT were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. McNemar’s chi-squared test was used to determine agreement in the proportion of lesions that were absent (0x0) between the PA and corresponding view of CBCT. This data was used to calculate the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predicative value (NPV). Results: A total of 51 patients with a median healing time of 13 months were included in the analysis. Significant healing was observed on both PA and CBCT images (p-value Conclusion: Assessment using CBCT revealed a lower healing rate for all treatment categories compared with periapical radiographs. CBCT was more likely to detect the presence of a PARL, whereas a periapical radiograph would be less sensitive to detection of a PARL. Significant healing cannot be detected at an earlier point in time with PA radiographs or CBCT.
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Irvine, Michael Alan, and thebovus@yahoo com. "Image Quality and Radiation Dose Comparison of a Computed Radiography System and an Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel System in Paediatric Radiography: A Phantom Study." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091019.122013.

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This purpose of this work was to investigate the patient radiation doses and image quality of a Philips/Agfa computed radiographic (CR) system and a Philips indirect-capture digital radiographic (DR) system in a paediatric setting. A CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom was used to assess radiographic image quality. Perspex slabs of three different thicknesses (6, 11 and 16 cm) were used to simulate paediatric patients of three arbitrary ages. These phantoms, in conjunction with the CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom, were imaged under three different conditions. The CDRAD Analyser software package was used to assess the quality of each image. The first experiment conducted was a comparison of the two systems under standard conditions, with beam filtration of aluminium and copper, as recommended in European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Paediatrics (European Commission 1996b). Image quality was compared for each phantom size at three doses with the same entrance exposure used for both systems. A visual comparison of the resulting contrast detail curves showed the DR system generally outperformed the CR system, especially at the lowest two doses. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected generally confirmed this visual impression. The second experiment performed was to compare the two systems under the conditions used in routine clinical practice at PMH. As a result of additional beam filtration not generally being employed, the image quality of the CR system was similar to the DR system for the two smaller phantom sizes but with a major dose cost - effective doses higher by between 38% and 100%. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected showed the CR system to be significantly better than the DR system at two of three doses for the thinnest phantom and no significant difference at any doses for the intermediate phantom size. For the largest phantom size, additional filtration - although different - was used for the CR and DR systems and so the X-ray beam spectra were more similar. Consequently, the results for this phantom size reflected those from the experiment conducted under standard conditions, ie the effective doses for both systems were similar and the image quality of the DR system superior. The chi-square analysis s howed the DR system to be significantly better than the CR at all three dose levels. A third experiment was undertaken to compare doses between the two systems at 'equal' image quality. The CDRAD Analyser software specific image quality parameter, IQFinv, was held constant for both systems. The entrance exposures required to achieve this image quality were measured and then converted to effective doses using the dose calculation software package PCXMC 1.5. The DR system offered effective dose savings of between 28 and 42% for the three phantom sizes. Overall, this work suggests that a Philips flat-panel system is superior to an Agfa CR system in paediatric radiography. This result generally reflects the findings of other authors who have conducted similar studies in adult patient settings.
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Pascoal, Ana Isabel Lourenco. "Optimisation of image quality and patient dose for chest radiography with digital radiographic systems." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438195.

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Tomko, Craig. "Studies in Dental Radiography." Thesis, Faculty of Dentistry, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4278.

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Verhovsek, Ester L. "Radiography Curriculum Change Update: American Society of Radiologic Technologists." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/2591.

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Books on the topic "Radiography"

1

Möller, Torsten B. Normal findings in radiographgy [i.e. radiography]. New York: Thieme, 2000.

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Warren, Helen Marie. Optimisation of radiographic techniques for chest radiography. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1999.

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Tateno, Yukio, Takeshi Iinuma, and Masao Takano, eds. Computed Radiography. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66884-8.

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Seeram, Euclid. Digital Radiography. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3244-9.

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Hayre, Christopher M., and William A. S. Cox. General Radiography. Edited by Christopher M. Hayre and William A. S. Cox. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003047278.

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Seeram, Euclid. Digital Radiography. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6522-9.

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Barton, John P., Gérard Farny, Jean-Louis Person, and Heinz Röttger, eds. Neutron Radiography. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3871-7.

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Kereiakes, James G., Stephen R. Thomas, and Colin G. Orton, eds. Digital Radiography. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5068-2.

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Hardy, Maryann, and Stephen Boynes, eds. Paediatric Radiography. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470776070.

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Hiss, Stephen S. Understanding radiography. 3rd ed. Springfield, Ill: C.C. Thomas, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radiography"

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Hilliard, Nicholas. "Radiography." In Imaging the ICU Patient, 3–11. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-781-5_1.

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Hull, Barry, and Vernon John. "Radiography." In Non-Destructive Testing, 90–125. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-85982-5_6.

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Côté, Etienne, Kristin A. MacDonald, Kathryn M. Meurs, and Meg M. Sleeper. "Radiography." In Feline Cardiology, 35–49. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118785782.ch6.

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Frisch, Herbert. "Radiography." In Systematic Musculoskeletal Examination, 417–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75151-6_27.

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Gentili, A., and L. L. Seeger. "Radiography." In Imaging of the Foot & Ankle, 3–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59363-5_1.

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Kasal, Bohumil, Gretchen Lear, and Ron Anthony. "Radiography." In In Situ Assessment of Structural Timber, 39–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0560-9_4.

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Taon, Matthew Czar. "Radiography." In Essential Radiology Review, 3–5. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26044-6_1.

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Pettersson, H., and K. Jonsson. "Radiography." In Orthopedic Imaging, 3–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60295-5_1.

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Sanchez, Ramon, and Peter J. Strouse. "Radiography." In Manual of Neonatal Respiratory Care, 181–209. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2155-9_21.

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Hull, Barry, and Vernon John. "Radiography." In Non-Destructive Testing, 90–125. New York, NY: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-6297-5_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Radiography"

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Galbraith, Joseph M., George C. Williamson, and Michael Creech. "Advances in Pipeline Radiography." In CORROSION 2008, 1–7. NACE International, 2008. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2008-08140.

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Abstract Although radiography has been in use first in medicine beginning in 1895 and decades later in industrial applications, the techniques employed have changed little until the recent development of solid-state equipment, primarily durable, mobile computers and solid-state image capturing devices. These advances are now being incorporated into the field of industrial radiography, thereby providing significant gains in its usefulness and capability. This paper describes the development of radiography, presents examples of its usefulness in the inspection of piping systems, and finally discusses how the integration of computers and solid-state imaging systems have increased the power of radiography in this work.
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Galbraith, Joseph M., George C. Williamson, and Michael Creech. "Through-Wall Radiography to Locate and Evaluate Internal Corrosion in Piping." In CORROSION 2007, 1–8. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07172.

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Abstract In many piping circuits carrying corrosive products, the most likely form of internal damage is localized pitting. Unfortunately, it can be difficult to locate corrosion of this type with cost-effective non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques. Compression wave ultrasonics is used extensively, typically in spot inspections referred to as TML (thickness monitoring location) testing, but surveys of this type frequently fail to locate isolated pitting. A technique used for decades in oil fields and production facilities employs radiography to locate such damage. 1 Not only is it possible to locate internal pitting damage with this method, but it is also possible to semi-quantitatively evaluate the depth of pitting and characterize the aspect ratio of corrosion networks This method allows the operator to quickly ascertain the significance of internal damage on the integrity of the pipe by using the information extracted from the radiographic image in a method such as the ASME B31G. Manual for Determining the Remaining Strength of Corroded Pipelines. 2 This paper describes use of through-wall radiography to produce the information required to determine the integrity of corroded piping, and includes examples of its use in various situations.
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May, Cecil G., Lawrence F. Gelder, and Boyd D. Howard. "The Use of Digital Radiography in the Evaluation of Radioactive Materials Packaging Performance Testing." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26590.

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New designs of radioactive material shipping packages are required to be evaluated in accordance with 10 CFR Part 71, Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Material. This paper will discuss the use of digital radiography to evaluate the effects of the tests required by 10 CFR 71.71, Normal Conditions of Transport (NCT), and 10 CFR 71.73, Hypothetical Accident Conditions (HAC). One acceptable means of evaluating packaging performance is to subject packagings to the series of NCT and HAC tests. The evaluation includes a determination of the effect on the packaging by the conditions and tests. Historically, that determination has required that packagings be cut and sectioned to learn the actual effects on internal components, either after each test to document the effects of that test, or after all testing is complete which determines the cumulative effect on the package. Digital radiography permits the examination of internal packaging components without sectioning a package. This allows a single package to be subjected to the entire series of tests. After each test, the package is digitally radiographed and the effects of particular tests evaluated. Radiography reduces the number of packages required for testing and also reduces labor and materials required to section and evaluate numerous packages. This paper will include a description of the digital radiography equipment used in the testing and evaluation of the 9977 package at SRNL. The equipment is capable of making a single radiograph of a full-sized package in one exposure. Radiographs will be compared to sectioned packages that show actual conditions compared to radiographic images.
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Alvarez, Jacqueline, Roummel F. Marcia, Keith Henderson, Maurice Aufderheide, Brian Gallagher, and Ming Jiang. "Overcoming Data Sparsity to Enable Deep Learning for Radiographic Non-Destructive Testing." In ASNT Research Symposium 2024. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2024.003.

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Radiography is an imaging technique used in various applications, such as medical diagnosis and airport security. We present a deep learning approach for extracting information from radiographic image data. We perform various prediction tasks using our approach, including material classification and regression on the dimensions of a given object that is being radiographed. Our framework is designed to fine-tune a pre-trained convolutional neural network using different datasets simulated by HADES, which is a radiographic simulation code. Moreover, we apply this framework to different types of radiographs including x-ray and neutron imaging.
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Poland, Richard W., David M. Immel, and Boyd D. Howard. "Digital Radiography vs Conventional Radiography: Is Digital Radiography in Compliance With the Code?" In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1627.

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Savannah River Technology Center filmless radiographic imaging system specialists have been “champions” of filmless radiographic imaging at the Savannah River Site since 1993. Recently a study was done comparing the differences between conventional film radiography and lens-coupled, charge-coupled-device digital radiography. Characteristics of both imaging methods that were considered in the study included resolution, latitude (called dynamic range by digital radiography imaging specialists), and modulation transfer functions. The results of those comparative experiments will be presented. A description of the lens-coupled, digital radiography imaging system will be provided.
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Dennison, Merrill, Connor Seavers, and Tsuchin Chu. "Transfer Learning Mask R-CNN for Radiograph Image Quality Indicator Localization." In ASNT Research Symposium 2024. The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/rs.2024.008.

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Ensuring the quality of industrial radiography is integral to its use for the inspection of components. This research work focused on applying an existing object detection and instance segmentation framework called Mask R-CNN to the recognition of image quality indicators (IQIs) in industrial radiographs. For the purposes of this project, a Mask R-CNN has been trained in a supervised manner, beginning with pre-trained ImageNet weights, toward the identification and localization of IQIs within digital radiographs. The goal of training the Mask R-CNN is for it to learn a mapping from the input radiographs to the output predictions of the bounding boxes and masks for each IQI in the input radiographs. On a high level, the Mask R-CNN serves as a function that takes a digital radiograph as input and provides a Python dictionary object as output. The output dictionary contains each region of interest predicted by the model for the given input radiograph, as well as their class IDs, probability scores, and mask images. Mask R-CNN is shown to be capable of adequately segmenting IQIs from radiographs when the standard practices for IQI placement are followed. This study explored the difference in Mask R-CNN performance when the training datasets are both small and contain IQIs at various orientations. A comparison is made between models trained with only parallel IQI examples and models trained with parallel, transverse, and askew IQI examples. This publication is focused on providing readers with a general understanding of the concepts, and numerical results are omitted in favor of visually depicting the best Mask R-CNN predictions. The results of this study have important implications for the application of existing computer vision and narrow artificial intelligence systems toward the detection of quality assurance objects within industrial radiography.
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Mori, Masako, Toshibumi Kashiwa, and Yoshimitsu Aoki. "Digital Image Evaluation Method for Digital Radiography." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-29702.

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Digital radiography is getting one of the common radiographic testing techniques in various industries now. However, to apply this new technique to nuclear components radiographic testing, one big issue is how we can evaluate and ensure that the taken images have enough image qualities to be used as inspection record. In film radiography, the IQI, which stands for Image Quality Indicator, have been used to ensure that taken films have enough quality to detect any specified defects in the products. So in this paper, new alternative IQI that developed in our previous study for digital radiography to evaluate digital image quality are tested and evaluated. In addition, image evaluation criteria are also developed and evaluated by calculating MTF, which stands for Modulation Transfer Function, from the IQI images taken with the products. Finally, the recommended procedures to evaluate radiographic testing image are summarized.
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"Methods to Combine Multiple Images to Improve Quality." In Neutron Radiography. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-30.

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"What Future in Neutron Imaging?" In Neutron Radiography. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-1.

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"Construction of a Quasi-Monoenergetic Neutron Source for Fast-Neutron Imaging." In Neutron Radiography. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644900574-10.

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Reports on the topic "Radiography"

1

Light. L51572 Demonstration of Realtime Radiography on Pipeline Girth Welds. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011315.

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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive testing (NDT) method used for many years to either accept or reject a field weld in the pipeline industry. However, conventional radiography requires the expense of film, developing chemicals, and manpower for film development. It also normally has a delay of 2 hours or more between when the weld was radiographed and when the radiographic film of the weld is available for interpretation. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing, called real-time radiography, has been used in several different types of field inspection operations. The real-time radiography system forms the image with optical imaging in lieu of photographic film. The objectives of this project were to (1) Integrate various optimized real-time radiographic components (identified as a result of the previous project) into a field-usable, real-time-radiographic inspection (RTRI) system for single-wall inspection of pipeline girth welds and (2) Demonstrate the system in the field.
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Tucker. L51728 Feasibility of a Pipeline Field Weld Real-Time Radiography (Radioscopy) Inspection System. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010117.

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Inspection of pipeline field girth welds during pipeline construction is accomplished by film radiographic: methods. Film radiography of materials is a 70 year old technology. There have been many advances in that 70 year history in equipment and films, but the process of making the radiograph is essentially the same. The film radiography process is time-consuming, costly, environmentally impacting and very operator (inspector) dependent. There are recent and almost daily advances in technologies using x-ray imaging other than film. Double-jointed pipe welds at pipe mills and at double-joint operations have been inspected with stationary real-time radioscopic systems for many years. This electronic imaging technology, known as "�radioscopy"�, has the potential to significantly improve pipeline project schedules and cost by eliminating some of the shortcomings of film radiography. Radioscopy is currently accepted for use by many nationally accepted standards including API-SL, Specification for Line Pipe, and API-1104, Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Most of the real-time systems in use today are fixed installations in pipe mills, foundries or fabrication shops. The ability to produce the required image sensitivity with real-time has been established by these fixed installations. These systems have proven to be very cost effective. In the course of conducting this study, QCC attended several conferences, including the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE) Conference in Boston, contacted several hundred potential vendors of radioscopic and radiographic equipment, witnessed demonstrations on existing radioscopic imaging systems and conducted several breadboard system demonstrations. The enclosed exhibit section contains a list of vendors that have products applicable to a radioscopic system.
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Light. L51504 Investigation of Real-Time Radiographic Methods for Use in Pipeline Weld Inspection. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010599.

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Conventional radiography has been the accepted nondestructive examination (NDT) method used for many years to either "accept" or "reject" a field weld in the pipeline industry. The cost of conventional radiography, however, increasingly has become a major concern in the cost effectiveness of laying new pipelines. The contributing factors to the high cost of conventional radiography are the costs of film and of the chemicals and manpower used to develop the film. Over the last few years, a newer approach to performing radiographic testing has been perfected. Called "real-time radiography," it uses radiographic sources with an optical imaging system. It has been developed now to the point that the sensitivity, contrast, and resolution of these imaging systems can be used to detect variations in material density equivalent to defects of interest in pipeline welds. The first objective of Phase 1 was to investigate existing real-time radiographic systems and system components in terms of their application to inspection of field-produced girth welds in steel pipelines. The second objective was to recommend a real-time system (either existing as a whole unit or comprised of several key subsystems) to be used for a field demonstration during Phase 2 of the program. The incentive, or goal, for this two-phase program is to introduce real-time radiography to the pipeline industry as a faster and overall more cost effective alternative NDE method compared to conventional film radiography. In addition, real-time radiography would provide a means to interpret the condition of a weld soon after completion while the welding team is still in the near vicinity of the inspected weld. This would permit immediate repair, if necessary, which would greatly reduce cost.
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Albright, Brian. w22_laser-radiography Laser-Based MeV Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1968175.

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Bench, G., T. Felter, H. Martz, and A. Antolak. Feasibility of Proton Radiography for Mesoscale Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15009759.

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Watson, Scott Avery, and Nicola M. Winch. Practical Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1422907.

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Devine, G., D. Dobie, J. Fugina, J. Hernandez, C. Logan, P. Mohr, R. Moss, B. Schumacher, E. Updike, and D. Weirup. Quantitative film radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6106663.

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Perry, M. D., J. Sefcik, and T. Cowan. Laser driven radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/665644.

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Guardincerri, Elena. Applications of Muon Radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1351210.

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Gavron, A., K. Morley, C. Morris, S. Seestrom, J. Ullmann, G. Yates, and J. Zumbro. High energy neutron radiography. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/244637.

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