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Engel-Hills, Penelope Claire. "An integrated learning curriculum for radiography in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1569.
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Thesis (DTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2005.The most significant changes and challenges to radiography in South Africa are rapid technological changes in the fields of imaging and radiation oncology, the changing status of radiographers as members of the multi-disciplinary health care team and the socioeconomic impact of post-apartheid ideology, policy and legislation with regard to both higher education and health provision. This altered landscape in which academic and clinical work is accomplished has impacted on radiography education. Curricula must change in order to equip graduates to work effectively in the modern workplace and the Integrated Learning Curriculum (ILC) is one such curriculum response. The traditional radiography curriculum of connecting subject-based theory education with interspersed clinical experience where there is reliance on students connecting or applying the subject content taught in the classroom to clinical practice was challenged. The ILC planned to enhance the integration of teaching, learning and assessment in the academy and workplace in a transforming South Africa. This study took advantage of the opportunity to capture data and learning from this curriculum renewal. The research was guided by the questions: I) What is the nature of radiographic knowledge? 2) What curricular options would facilitate radiographic knowledge? 3) What would enable or constrain successful curriculum implementation? 4) Is the ILC an appropriate curriculum for Radiography? This study facilitated a 'layered' understanding of integration and integrated curriculum through exploration of the concept 'integration'. This was achieved through; a national survey that investigated opinion on the status of radiography education in South Africa in 2003; interpretation of the context within which the ILC was located; a search of relevant literature; and a case study that gathered data over a three-year period. Findings support the notion that the workplace is a key influence on higher education curricula and that an integrated learning curriculum suits radiography.
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Hudson, Lizel Sandra Ann. "Enhancing academic writing competence in radiography education." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1554.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011This thesis records a study undertaken by a radiography lecturer at a satellite campus of a University of Technology (UoT) in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. The study investigated the academic writing practices of first year Radiation Science learners and focused on an intervention to assist learners to enhance their academic writing competence. Three research questions were addressed: 1. What did radiography learners perceive to be the factors that enabled and constrained their academic writing competence during the first year of academic study?; 2. What were the 2010 first year learners’ perceptions of the changes in their academic writing following an academic writing intervention?; and 3. According to the 2010 first year lecturers, how did the academic writing of the learners change following the intervention? To answer these questions, the research comprised two qualitative approaches: firstly a case study approach, to gain an in-depth understanding of learner writing in radiography; then the insights gained allowed for the design of an appropriate academic writing intervention, carried out in two action research spirals. Thereafter the intervention was evaluated for its impact on learners’ writing competence. The findings and interpretations from this study culminated in a forward looking model that is recommended for use by radiography educators to enhance first year learners’ academic writing competence. The model reflects a zone for the optimal enhancement of academic writing competence for entry-level learners. This ‘zone’ is created in the region of overlap of three contributing factors: collaborative guidance and support, peer mentoring and technology. The model also represents applicable underlying theories (critical theory, constructivism, and academic literacies theory) which provide the theoretical framework for enhanced academic writing competence.
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Guzman, Dawn Nella. "Curriculum guide to teach computed radiography at El Camino College." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2147.
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The purpose of the project was to design a curriculum guideline for educators to teach computed radiography. This project can be used as a stand-alone course, or integrated into existing radiologic technology courses.
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Chamberlain, Encarnita Antonia. "A Case Study on the Process of Passing a Radiography Registry Examination." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1839.
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This project study addressed the problem of the low percentage of a Mid-Atlantic university's radiography graduates passing their credentialing registry examination. The cohort had a 2014 pass rate of 83% while the majority of surrounding schools had pass rates of 100%. In order to become registered radiographers, graduates must be able to take what they have learned in their educational program and directly apply it to their professional skill set. The conceptual framework for the study was social constructivism, adapting and transforming what was new information to previous experiences and group activities. A qualitative case study research design was chosen, and interviews were conducted with 9 graduates from the 2014 radiography cohort. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, manually coded, and analyzed for emerging themes. Key results indicated the graduates needed to self-monitor, self-motivate, and self-propel to successfully pass their credentialing exam. A 3-day professional development plan for graduates was created based on the findings from the study. Passing the credentialing exam affects social change in that knowledge and education produces positive outcomes, and for allied health professionals, it produces optimum patient care. Social change is possible through education, which will enhance an individual's self-efficacy, thereby enriching the society and culture to which they contribute. This knowledge will support the local problem in that optimum performance for radiography graduates will be monitored for standards of excellence.
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Davidson, Florence Elizabeth. "Using the Delphi technique to define the clinical competencies required by newly qualified diagnostic radiographers in South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1557.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006This research was performed to obtain consensus of opinion on the clinical competencies required of newly qualified diagnostic radiographers in South Africa in an attempt to improve alignment between educational practices, assessment practices and workplace requirements. Methods: The Delphi technique, an effective group communication process was employed to recruit a panel of experts representing the radiography profession in South Africa. Three rounds of structured questionnaires together with controlled feedback were sent to the panel members for comment. The same four point Likert scale was employed in all three rounds of the questionnaire. Consensus of opinion was predetermined at >75% agreement for each clinical competency. Results: Response rates for rounds I, 2 and 3 were: 84% (n=49), 78% (n=45) and 69% (n = 40) respectively. Of the 109 clinical competencies listed in the first round questionnaire, 94 (86%) achieved consensus as being necessary clinical competencies required of newly qualified diagnostic radiographers. The remainders were further investigated in terms of whether they should be excluded or included in role extension possibilities. An additional 22 clinical competencies were also suggested by the panel in round I and further developed in subsequent rounds
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Von, Aulock Maryna. "Brain compatible learning in the radiation sciences." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1549.
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Thesis (MTech (Radiography))--Peninsula Technikon, Cape Town, 2003Brain Compatible Learning (BCL), as its name suggests, is a type of learning which is aligned with how the human brain naturally learns and develops. BCL offers many different options and routes to learning as alternatives to conventional 'chalk and talk' methodologies. A BCL curriculum is planned to define the structure and content of a programme of learning, but it also provides opportunities for students to participate in activities, which encourage and enhance the development of an active and deep approach to learning. Using BCL approaches in the classroom thus creates both a stimulating and a caring environment for student learning. This project researches a BCL intervention in a Radiation Science course. The use of BCL techniques has tended to have been done predominantly in the social sciences; this research fills an important 'gap' in the research literature by examining how BCL might be implemented in a technical and scientific context. The research was conducted using an adapted Participatory Active Research methodology in which classroom interventions were planned (within a constructive framework), rather than implemented and then reflected on by all participants. The PAR method was supplemented with a series of detailed questionnaires and interviews. The broad findings of this study relate to students' experiences of BCL in Radiation Science in terms of 'process' and 'product" issues. In terms of process, or the methodology of BCL, students' responses were largely positive.
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Merriman, Linda M. "Changing by degrees : a study of the transition from diplomas to degrees in chiropody, occupational therapy and radiography." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/29573.
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This study examines the impact of the transition from diploma to degree on the initial education and training of three para-professions in England; chiropody, occupational therapy (OT) and radiography. It focuses on the nature of and reasons for changes to their initial professional education and training and the potential impact of these changes on their professionalisation. The study adopted a multiple method approach; a historical review, which included documentary sources and interviews with key informants, aimed at identifying how and why these three para-professions wanted to achieve all-graduate entry, and the use of case studies to explore the differences between the diploma and degree courses. It is concluded that the achievement of all-graduate entry for these para-professions was an unintended consequence of the policies of the then government. As a result of the achievement of all-graduate entry changes were made to the respective diploma courses of these para-professions. The extent of these changes were related to the level of control and influence that the professional bodies exercised over the diploma courses. All the degree courses shared the following features: the development of autonomous, reflective practitioners who are life-long learners, an emphasis on theory rather than practice, and emphasis on propositional knowledge and the study of research methods. Although the degree courses for these para-professions achieved approval from HEIs it is argued that degree education is a contested concept. It is apparent that the para-professionals believed that the achievement of all-graduate entry would improve their professional status. However, it is evident from the study findings that it served to maintain rather than enhance their social status and market position. Changes to the initial education and training of these para-professionals were the results of the para-professionals having to respond to prevailing social, political and economic circumstances. If they had not taken this action it is suggested that their social status and market position may have been adversely affected.
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Shaffer, Charles Allen. "Women Learning Radiographic Interpretation: A Study of Practical Teaching and Learning /." The Ohio State University, 1996. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487935125879947.
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Wright, Jennifer Lynne. "The role of discourse in the constitution of radiographic knowledge : a critical realist account /." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1532/.
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Thesis (Ph.D. (Education)) - Rhodes University, 2008.Title on the programme: The role of language in the constitution of radiographic knowledge : a critical realistic account. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 271-280).
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Kekana, R. M. "Teaching ethics, human rights and medical law to undergraduate diagnostic radiography students." Journal for New Generation Sciences, Vol 7, Issue 3: Central University of Technology, Free State, Bloemfontein, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/544.
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Published ArticleMembers of society are fast becoming aware of their rights and many practitioners are at risk of losing their licence to practise due to unethical practices. The growing human rights violations commonly seen in vulnerable groups also pose challenges to healthcare workers, such as diagnostic radiographers, who often find themselves in situations where they have to disobey the laws to uphold ethical standards. This paper is a presentation of how ethics, human rights and medical law has been integrated into the undergraduate diagnostic radiography curriculum, and can be applied to other healthcare professions. To alleviate resistance to human rights teachings, I recommend the use of real life examples that are less sensitive 'politically' but true in order to gain the attention and cooperation of the diverse culture of the students.
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Chen, Kun. "A study of spectroscopic, cold neutron radiography." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3240030.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Physics, 2006."Title from dissertation home page (viewed July 16, 2007)." Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-10, Section: B, page: 5819. Adviser: Hans-Otto Meyer.
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Felipe-Valera, Elena M. "Professionalism in Radiography| A Multiple Case Study." Thesis, Keiser University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807028.
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This study explored the perceptions that radiography faculty and students have of professionalism in health care. The purpose of this qualitative multiple case study was to understand the substance and the meaning that radiography faculty and students give to professionalism. Learning professionalism in the imaging sciences necessitates emersion in authentic experiences, which the authors call "legitimate peripheral participation," so that skills and didactic knowledge gained in a classroom can be applied in real situations among a community of experts in a field of study (Lave & Wenger, 1991). The research explored the perceptions that RT educators and students have of professionalism by asking the participants to define and describe professionalism and identify what aspects of the professional were meaningful to them. An anonymous survey and focus group discussions were used to gather the perceptions of the participants. The target population for the study was nine faculty members or instructors and ten students from the radiologic technology program of a private, not-for-profit, multi-campus university. These sets of participants were chosen because their firsthand knowledge and experiences of professionalism in the radiography program could aid in addressing the main research and sub-research questions. Both groups defined RT professionalism in terms of respect, empathy, and ethics. Important and meaningful aspects of professionalism included giving competent, compassionate patient care and assisting with diagnosis. The findings revealed that three major areas of professionalism in the imaging sciences must be addressed: interdisciplinary education, intradisciplinary education specifically around professionalism, and the development and implementation of specific competencies that encompass professionalism.
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Lakshmi, Shriram. "Web-based search engine for Radiology Teaching File." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0000559.
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Bremmer, Staffan. "Peritoneocele : a radiological study with defaeco-peritoneography /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-2786-3.
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Hayre, Christopher Maverick. "Radiography observed : an ethnographic study exploring contemporary radiographic practice." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2016. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/14517/.
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This study explores the day-to-day application of digital radiography (DR) within the X-ray environment. This study presents the voices of the radiographers' untold views, attitudes and experiences of DR through the process of observing, listening, retelling and interpreting junior and senior radiographers' responses. There were three stages to this ethnographic study. Firstly, exploring 'what radiographers did' environment by observing clinical practices. This provided 'first-hand' experience of action-in-process. Secondly, 22 semi-structured interviews were undertaken, directed by emerging themes and informal discussions from the clinical observations. Semi-structured interviews provided an understanding of the experiences, behaviours and attitudes of radiographers providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between practice and context. Thirdly, X-ray experiments were undertaken contributing to 'what had been seen and said by participants'. This data was later triangulated to support the research objectives outlined in this PhD research. Observation and interview data were analysed using thematic analysis and grouped into four overarching categories; learning, radiographer challenges, ionising radiation and patient care delivery. X-ray experimental data was inputted into SPSS and later coded. The qualitative data had numerous codes, which generated themes and could be linked in order to generate theoretical descriptions. Multiple-linear regression analysis and Pearson's Correlation provide statistically significant values (p < 0.001) for the experimental models contributing to 'what had been seen and said' by radiographers in the clinical environment. This thesis provides new insights into general radiographic practices using advancing technology. The conclusions that can be drawn from the empirical data is that advancing technology has impacted the day-to-day practices of diagnostic radiographers. Complex phenomena include; current knowledge and understanding, the practice of keeping doses 'as low as reasonably practicable' and impact on patient care delivery. These insights suggest that healthcare and academic environments may require additional support in the aim of delivering optimum patient care.
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Matsubayashi, Masahito. "Study on development of advanced neutron radiography imaging techniques." Kyoto University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/144678.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(エネルギー科学)
甲第11690号
エネ博第106号
新制||エネ||17(附属図書館)
23333
UT51-2005-D439
京都大学大学院ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ科学研究科ｴﾈﾙｷﾞｰ基礎科学専攻
(主査)教授 三島 嘉一郎, 教授 代谷 誠治, 教授 川端 祐司
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Henwood, Suzanne M. "Continuing professional development in diagnostic radiography : a grounded theory study." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288095.
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Schiavi, Angelo Maria Massimiliano. "Study of laser produced plasmas by X-ray and proton radiography." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406873.
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Kennedy, Shelia. "Explaining gender divisions of labour in physiotherapy and radiography : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6017/.
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In this sociological study, physiotherapy and radiography are examined as two predominantly female health professions. The emergent objectives of the research were to explore experiences of women and men within the professions and to consider and compare 'insider' and 'academic' explanations for the gender composition and divisions of labour in them. The research is framed within the methodological traditions of interpretivism and feminism, and uses iterative methods of data collection and analysis informed by grounded theory and analytic induction. The thesis begins with an extensive examination of feminist and traditional literature on sex, gender and sexuality; education; work and employment; caring and professions. The literature review both informs and is informed by the detailed analysis of qualitative data from 48 semi-structured interviews and 69 postal questionnaires. The fieldwork was conducted with student and qualified members of the two professions. The coded data are compared by sex and occupation, and organised into conceptual categories and constructs. Main themes and core issues are identified as relevant to the gender composition and divisions of labour and, from this, an explanatory theoretical framework is proposed. The Nud*ist software package has been used to aid the data analysis. The overall gender composition and horizontal and vertical divisions of labour within the two professions are seen to reflect impressions, evaluations and experiences of the 'caring', 'professional' and 'career aspects of physiotherapy and radiography involving hierarchical, dichotomous notions and norms of gender and sexuality. These notions are variously identified as relevant to the gender composition of the professions at recruitment stages, during training, and after qualifying. In particular, caring and different types of care-work are experienced and evaluated in terms of various associations with female gender roles and responsibilities, feminine characteristics and abilities and sexuality, and linked to activities of the private/domestic sphere that use limited skills and informal knowledge. In contrast, professions and professionals and employment careers are linked to male gender roles and responsibilities, masculine attributes, activities of the public sphere, and rely on expert skills and achieved, formal knowledge. These contrasting aspects of physiotherapy and radiography theory and practice invoke different status. The author concludes the professional status and gender composition of physiotherapy and radiography reflect the inherent gender-based contradictory status of their work and identity as 'caring professions'. Caring represents a problem for professional status at both the individual and collective level: 'caring professions' involve a contradiction in terms.
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Irvine, Michael Alan, and thebovus@yahoo com. "Image Quality and Radiation Dose Comparison of a Computed Radiography System and an Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel System in Paediatric Radiography: A Phantom Study." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2009. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20091019.122013.
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This purpose of this work was to investigate the patient radiation doses and image quality of a Philips/Agfa computed radiographic (CR) system and a Philips indirect-capture digital radiographic (DR) system in a paediatric setting. A CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom was used to assess radiographic image quality. Perspex slabs of three different thicknesses (6, 11 and 16 cm) were used to simulate paediatric patients of three arbitrary ages. These phantoms, in conjunction with the CDRAD digital radiographic contrast-detail phantom, were imaged under three different conditions. The CDRAD Analyser software package was used to assess the quality of each image. The first experiment conducted was a comparison of the two systems under standard conditions, with beam filtration of aluminium and copper, as recommended in European Guidelines on Quality Criteria for Diagnostic Radiographic Images in Paediatrics (European Commission 1996b). Image quality was compared for each phantom size at three doses with the same entrance exposure used for both systems. A visual comparison of the resulting contrast detail curves showed the DR system generally outperformed the CR system, especially at the lowest two doses. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected generally confirmed this visual impression. The second experiment performed was to compare the two systems under the conditions used in routine clinical practice at PMH. As a result of additional beam filtration not generally being employed, the image quality of the CR system was similar to the DR system for the two smaller phantom sizes but with a major dose cost - effective doses higher by between 38% and 100%. A chi-square analysis of the targets detected showed the CR system to be significantly better than the DR system at two of three doses for the thinnest phantom and no significant difference at any doses for the intermediate phantom size. For the largest phantom size, additional filtration - although different - was used for the CR and DR systems and so the X-ray beam spectra were more similar. Consequently, the results for this phantom size reflected those from the experiment conducted under standard conditions, ie the effective doses for both systems were similar and the image quality of the DR system superior. The chi-square analysis s howed the DR system to be significantly better than the CR at all three dose levels. A third experiment was undertaken to compare doses between the two systems at 'equal' image quality. The CDRAD Analyser software specific image quality parameter, IQFinv, was held constant for both systems. The entrance exposures required to achieve this image quality were measured and then converted to effective doses using the dose calculation software package PCXMC 1.5. The DR system offered effective dose savings of between 28 and 42% for the three phantom sizes. Overall, this work suggests that a Philips flat-panel system is superior to an Agfa CR system in paediatric radiography. This result generally reflects the findings of other authors who have conducted similar studies in adult patient settings.
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Gosnell, Susan. "Teaching and Assessing Critical Thinking in Radiologic Technology Students." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3594.
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The purpose of this study was primarily to explore the conceptualization of critical thinking development in radiologic science students by radiography program directors. Seven research questions framed three overriding themes including 1) perceived definition of and skills associated with critical thinking; 2) effectiveness and utilization of teaching strategies for the development of critical thinking; and 3) appropriateness and utilization of specific assessment measures for documenting critical thinking development. The population for this study included program directors for all JRCERT accredited radiography programs in the United States. Questionnaires were distributed via Survey Monkey©, a commercial on-line survey tool to 620 programs. A forty-seven percent (n = 295) response rate was achieved and included good representation from each of the three recognized program levels (AS, BS and certificate). Statistical analyses performed on the collected data included descriptive analyses (median, mean and standard deviation) to ascertain overall perceptions of the definition of critical thinking; levels of agreement regarding the effectiveness of listed teaching strategies and assessment measures; and the degree of utilization of the same teaching strategies and assessment measures. Chi squared analyses were conducted to identify differences within each of these themes between various program levels and/or between program directors with various levels of educational preparation as defined by the highest degree earned. Results showed that program directors had a broad and somewhat ambiguous perception of the definition of critical thinking, which included many related cognitive processes that were not always classified as attributes of critical thinking according to the literature, but were consistent with definitions and attributes identified as critical thinking by other allied health professions. These common attributes included creative thinking, decision making, problem solving and clinical reasoning as well as other high-order thinking activities such as reflection, judging and reasoning deductively and inductively. Statistically significant differences were identified for some items based on program level and for one item based on program director highest degree. There was general agreement regarding the appropriateness of specific teaching strategies also supported by the literature with the exception of on-line discussions and portfolios. The most highly used teaching strategies reported were not completely congruent with the literature and included traditional lectures with in-class discussions and high-order multiple choice test items. Significant differences between program levels were identified for only two items. The most highly used assessment measures included clinical competency results, employer surveys, image critique performance, specific course assignments, student surveys and ARRT exam results. Only one variable showed significant differences between programs at various academic levels.Ed.D.
Department of Educational and Human Sciences
Education
Education EdD
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Abou, Khalil Lara. "Study of the influence of external fields on solidification microstructures formation by X-ray radiography." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0005/document.
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La radiographie X, synchrotron et avec une source de laboratoire, a été appliquée pour étudier des phénomènes en relation avec la solidification directionnelle d’alliages Al-Cu sous champs externes et dépendants du temps. La formation des microstructures de solidification a été analysée durant des campagnes des vols paraboliques dans le cadre du projet XRMON. Nous avons montré que les variations du niveau de gravité modifiait la couche solutale, et donc la surfusion du liquide devant l’interface solide/liquide. En particulier, l’accélération du niveau de gravité induit une transition Colonnaire-Equiaxe pour un alliage affiné. Pour un alliage non-affiné, la vitesse de croissance des dendrites varie suivant les variations du niveau de gravité durant chaque parabole. Le second volet de ma thèse concerne l'effet d'un champ magnétique permanent sur la solidification équiaxe dans un gradient de température. Nous avons établi que le couplage entre le champ magnétique et le gradient de température génère une force Thermo-Electro-Magnétique qui modifie la trajectoire des grains équiaxes au cours de leur sédimentation. L’action de cette force est bien décrite par le modèle analytique de Wang et al., moyennant des corrections associées au confinement et à la morphologie des grains. Certains effets du champ magnétique sur le liquide ont été également révélésX-ray radiography with synchrotron and laboratory source was applied to study phenomena related to the directional solidification of Al-Cu alloys under external fields and time-dependent. The solidification microstructures formation has been analyzed during parabolic flight campaigns in the framework of XRMON project. We have shown that the gravity level variations modified the solutal layer and then the liquid undercooling ahead of the solid/liquid interface. In particular, the acceleration of gravity level induces the Columnar-to-Equiaxed transition in a refined alloy. For a non-refined alloy, the dendrite growth velocity changes with respect to the gravity level variations during each parabola. The second part of this thesis relates to the effect of a permanent magnetic field on the equiaxed solidification in a temperature gradient. The coupling between the magnetic field and the temperature gradient generates a Thermo-Electro-Magnetic force that modifies the equiaxed grains trajectory during their sedimentation. The action of this force is well described by an analytical model proposed by Wang et al. with additional corrections associated to the wall confinement and the grain morphology. Effects of the magnetic field on the liquid have been also revealed
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Arnesson, Ida, and Josefin Sölve. "What is the role of radiography in diagnosis and treatment of jaw lesions? - a retrospective study." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Odontologiska fakulteten (OD), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-19894.
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Bakgrund: Vid diagnostik av käkbenslesioner skickas ibland en remiss till röntgenspecialist för ett utlåtande. Röntgenspecialisten ger en eller flera tentativa diagnoser vilka kan underlätta vid beslut om behandling. Efter behandlingen skickas en biopsi till patolog för att erhålla en patologanatomisk diagnos. Syftet med denna studie är att 1) utreda hur väl tentativa röntgenologiska diagnoser överensstämmer med patologanatomiska diagnoser av käkbenslesioner och 2) utvärdera hur ofta röntgenutlåtanden kan leda till felaktig behandling av käkbenslesioner.Material och metod: Röntgenutlåtanden och motsvarande patologanatomiska diagnoser jämfördes retrospektivt under en tioårsperiod för nio vanliga käkbenslesioner. För varje käkbenslesion räknades antalet korrekta respektive inkorrekta röntgenologiska diagnoser som erhållits. Utöver detta jämfördes även den förväntade behandlingen av varje tentativ röntgendiagnos med den förväntade behandlingen av den korrekta patologanatomiska diagnosen. Utifrån detta gjordes sedan en bedömning av huruvida röntgenutlåtandet kunde leda till underbehandling, korrekt behandling eller överbehandling. Resultat: Röntgendiagnoserna överensstämde med de patologanatomiska diagnoserna i 191 av 394 fall (48%). Därutöver gav 61 röntgenutlåtanden (16%) den korrekta diagnosen tillsammans med en eller flera inkorrekta diagnoser. 142 utlåtanden (36%) gav endast en eller flera inkorrekta diagnoser. Drygt en fjärdedel av alla röntgenutlåtanden bedömdes kunna leda till felaktig behandling. Konklusion: Resultaten indikerar en anmärkningsvärd diskrepans mellan de tentativa röntgendiagnoserna och de patologanatomiska diagnoserna av de undersökta käkbenslesionerna. När röntgenspecialisten ger fler än en tentativ diagnos finns en ökad risk för överbehandling vilket kan leda till onödigt lidande för patienten samt en ökad kostnad för både patienten och samhället. Baserat på dessa resultat bör röntgenspecialisternas rutiner för hur många tentativa diagnoser de anger i sina röntgenutlåtanden ses över.Background: When diagnosing jaw lesions, a referral may be sent to a radiologist for a radiographic report. The radiologist offers one or several tentative diagnoses, which help form the basis for treatment. After treatment a biopsy is sent to a pathologist for a pathoanatomical diagnosis. The aim of this study is to 1) determine the correspondence between tentative radiographic diagnoses and pathoanatomical diagnoses of jaw lesions and 2) evaluate how frequently radiographic reports may lead to incorrect treatment of jaw lesions. Materials and methods: Radiographic reports and pathoanatomical diagnoses of nine common jaw lesions were compared retrospectively over a ten-year period. The numbers of correct and incorrect tentative radiographic diagnoses were counted for each lesion. In addition, the expected treatments of the tentative radiographic diagnoses were compared with the expected treatments of the correct pathoanatomical diagnoses. Each report was then categorized as leading to undertreatment, correct treatment or overtreatment.Results: The radiographic reports corresponded with the pathoanatomical diagnoses in 191 out of 394 cases (48%). In addition, 61 radiographic reports (16%) stated the correct diagnosis along with one or several incorrect diagnoses. 142 reports (36%) only stated one or several incorrect diagnoses. Just over a quarter of the radiographic reports were deemed to lead to incorrect treatment. Conclusion: The results indicate a remarkable discrepancy between tentative radiographic diagnoses and pathoanatomical diagnoses for the studied jaw lesions. There is a tendency towards overtreatment when more than one tentative diagnosis is stated in the radiographic reports. Overtreatment may lead to unnecessary suffering for the patient and financial loss for both the patient and society. Based on these results, radiologists should review their practice of stating several tentative diagnoses in their reports.
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Eladany, Abeer. "A study of a selected group of third intermediate period mummies in the British Museum." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-study-of-a-selected-group-of-third-intermediate-period-mummies-in-the-british-museum(ffbf2cfd-9f61-4759-aac4-6aff2fab3adb).html.
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Mummies have been considered as 'biologic museums' as they display vital evidence and clues about the life and death of the ancient Egyptian population who lived thousands of years ago. They also hold the secrets of the evolution of disease. The Third Intermediate Period mummies represent the mummification technique at its best. The main aim of this research is to produce a scientific study of the Third Intermediate Period mummies in the British Museum. It attempts to answer some important questions and considers to what extent a detailed radiographic investigation of a group of mummies can provide evidence about disease processes, diet, mummification techniques, funerary and medical practices within that period. Non-invasive techniques were used during this study to investigate a group of seven mummies from the collection of the British Museum. The mummies are encased in cartonnage cases except one mummy which is inside a wooden coffin. The radiological methods (i.e. X-ray radiography and CT scanning) provided new information regarding the manufacturing of cartonnage cases during that period. The detailed radiographs showed aspects of the mummification techniques that were not reported during pervious investigations. A historical account of the Third Intermediate Period was given in chapter one while chapter two provides information regarding the mummification techniques used during this historical period. Chapter three gives information on previous radiological studies and chapter four gives detailed description and photographs of the selected mummies, the subjects of this investigation. Chapter five contains a full description of the methods used during this study and the results and discussions were presented in chapter six. A catalogue with detailed information is attached as an appendix to the thesis to present the physical anthropological data and radiological finds with regards to each mummy from this selected group.
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Allen-Masacek, Marjorie Kirsten. "Teaching ARTifacts: Teaching art with a cultural lens." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1925.
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Kong, Xiang. "Optimization of image quality and minimization of radiation dose for chest computed radiography." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2006.
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Bristow, Stephen James. "A case study of reflective teaching." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276372.
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House, Nancy Ellen. "Teaching art history to adult students: A teaching model and pilot study /." The Ohio State University, 1997. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487943341526939.
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Guu, Adam Cheng-show. "Study of weld pool formation by real-time radiography with application for sensing and control of arc welding /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487688507503345.
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Stiell, Ian Gilmour. "A study to develop clinical decision rules for the emergency department use of radiography in acute ankle injuries." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7785.
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This study was performed in two phases. The goal of Phase 0 was to determine the current use of radiography in ankle injury patients in two large university hospitals. The goal of Phase I was to develop clinical decision rules that are sensitive for detecting significant fractures in adult ankle injury patients. All 70 significant fractures found in the 689 ankle x-ray series performed were identified among people who had pain near the malleoli and who either: (1) were age 55 or greater, or (2) had localized bone tenderness of the posterior edge or tip of either malleolus, or (3) were unable to bear weight both immediately after the injury and in the emergency department. Combining these four predictors yielded a decision rule that was 100% sensitive and 40.1% specific for detecting ankle fractures, and would allow a reduction of 36.0% of ankle x-ray series ordered. This study confirmed that the majority of ankle injury patients are currently being referred for radiography but that the yield of the x-rays for fracture is relatively low. Decision rules may permit clinicians to confidently reduce the number of x-rays ordered in adult ankle injury patients and thereby reduce unnecessary costs to the health care system. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Piqueras, Pardellans Joaquim. "Assessment of a micro-grid Ionization-chamber (EOS) for low-dose chest radiography." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378369.
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EOS és una nova tecnologia d'imatge que fa servir un detector de radiació gasós, una cambra d'ionització de micro-reixeta, derivada del Micromegas desenvolupat per Georges Charpak (Premi Nobel 1992) per recerca en física d'altes energies al CERN (Ginebra, CH). Aquests detectors poden obtenir imatges mèdiques a baixa dosi, permetent col·limacions estrictes que eviten la radiació difusa que degrada dosi i qualitat. El prototip EOS, fent servir feixos de raigs-X molt fins (500 µm), va ser pensat per fer radiografia a baixa dosi de l'esquelet en bipedestació. Dissenyat amb dos tubs de raigs-X i dos detectors, realitza una adquisició per escanejat lineal biplanar sincrònica, de dues imatges (a 90º) del cos. Aquest mètode biplanar permet l'extracció automàtica de punts de referència anatòmics que poden ser matemàticament projectats com un model 3D de l'esquelet real del pacient. El programari EOS pot generar models 3D amb baixa dosi, entre 1/10 i 1/100, de les modalitats existents (radiografia computada (CR), radiografia digital (DR), o TC a baixa-dosi). L'objectiu principal de la recerca d'aquest prototip, la imatge de columna, va ser validat, i el seu subseqüent re-disseny industrial ha acabat com un dispositiu mèdic certificat per a estudis de l'esquelet: EOS ('EOS Imaging, Paris, France)'.
Preparant la fase experimental de EOS en columna, un segon objectiu va ser considerat: valorar l'aplicabilitat del prototip EOS a l'exploració radiogràfica més freqüent: radiografia de tòrax. Si EOS fos validat, permetria aplicar-lo a un altre camp del radiodiagnòstic. La radiografia del tòrax és una prova que pot comportar algunes dificultats en un dispositiu voluminós, d'escanejat lineal, biplanar, amb baixa dosi i baixa resolució espacial, com són els detectors de micro-reixeta, a investigar.
Material i mètodes: Es va preparar un estudi prospectiu comparant exploracions repetides entre EOS i un equip radiogràfic estat-de-l'art (DR, detector pla de aSi-Csi), per valorar l'aplicabilitat clínica, problemes tècnics, dosi i qualitat d'imatge. Un grup de 40 adults, amb radiografia de tòrax programada al Hôpital Univ. Erasme (Brussel·les, BE), van ser enrolats per a fer un estudi repetit amb EOS (amb 50% dosi de CR). Les imatges recollides van ser puntuades independentment per quatre radiòlegs seguint els 'European quality criteria in diagnostic imaging', incorporant reptes com valorar estructures anatòmiques fines. Es recolliren dades tècniques, estudis dosimètrics addicionals, comparatius amb CR, i mesura de dades de dosi i de rendiment del detector.
Resultats: 37 dels 40 casos van ser analitzats. La radiografia va ser correcta amb EOS, amb 13,5% d'estudis repetits. La dosi de radiació es superior amb EOS (0.22 mGy) que amb DR (0.05) però menys que la DRL o dosi per CR. Artefactes de soroll i 'arrissat' redueixen la FTM (funció de transferència de la modulació) mesurada a 1-1.5 pl/mm. La puntuació en qualitat d'imatge entre EOS i DR va ser comparable, amb millor puntuació per a EOS en via aèria, mediastí o en cobertura anatòmica.
Conclusió: EOS és una modalitat funcional que compleix les dosis de referència. La dosi és més alta que per DR i més baixa que per CR, per supressió de la radiació difusa. En qualitat d'imatge, EOS no mostra valoracions inferiors significants a la DR, fins i tot en estructures fines; pot atribuir-se a la resolució més gran de densitats i a l'absència de difusa que compensen la seva inferior resolució espacial. Caldrà fer desenvolupaments addicionals per millorar el control de la dosi i per millorar resolució, i caldrà fer recerca dirigida a validar resultats en sèries amb patologies clíniques.The EOS is a new 2D/3D radio-imaging technology that uses a gaseous radiation detector and micro-grid ionization chamber derived from Micromegas, the micro-grid developed by the Nobel Prize winner Georges Charpak and extensively used in high-energy research (eg, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland). The detectors are very efficient and enable low-dose medical imaging by stringent collimation, which avoids the undesired scattered radiation that increases dose and degrades image quality. The EOS prototype uses very thin (500 µm) fan-like x-ray beams and was planned for low-dose standing radiography of the human skeleton. It has two x-ray tubes and two detectors that allow synchronous biplanar linear acquisition of two 90-degree images of the body. The biplanar method was designed for automatic extraction of anatomic reference points that can be mathematically projected as a 3D model of a patient's skeleton. EOS software can build 3D models using lower radiation doses (1/10 to 1/100) than existing systems (computed radiography [CR], digital radiography [DR], or low-dose CT). The main application of the prototype, spine imaging, has been validated, and the subsequent, re-designed industrial EOS (EOS Imaging, Paris, France) has attained certification for skeletal studies. While preparing the experimental phase of EOS for spine imaging, a second objective was considered: to assess applicability of the EOS prototype to another field of imaging, the chest x-ray, the most common radiologic exam. Chest x-rays could pose several difficulties for a large, linear-scanning, biplanar, low-dose and low-spatial-resolution technique, in this case micro-grid detectors, which would have to be investigated. Material and methods: A prospective study was designed to assess the clinical feasibility, technical problems, dose and image quality of EOS as compared to a state-of-the-art DR system, the aSi-CsI flat panel detector. Forty adult patients undergoing scheduled chest x-ray examinations at the Erasme University Hospital (Brussels, BE) were recruited for paired examinations using EOS (at 50% dose) and DR. Paired data and images were compiled. Image data sets were independently scored by 4 radiologists according to the European Quality Criteria in Diagnostic Imaging, with additional challenges, such as scoring of thin anatomical structures. The dosimetry data obtained were also compared to those of CR, and experimental laboratory data were compiled on collimation and detector performance. Results: 37 of 40 cases were available for complete analysis. EOS chest examinations were acquired with a 13,5% repeat rate. Radiation dose (PA) was higher for EOS (0.22 mGy) than with DX (0.05), but less than CR or reference doses (0.3 mGy). Noise and ripple artifacts lowered the MTF (Modulation Transfer Function) to 1-1.5 pl/mm. Image quality scores between EOS and DX were comparable, but with better scores for EOS in several items as air-ways, mediastinum or anatomic coverage. Conclusion: EOS is feasible for chest imaging and is compliant with the chest reference doses. Radiation dose was higher than with DR, but lower than with CR, achieved by suppressing scatter. EOS image quality scores were not significantly inferior from those of DR, even for thin structures, as the extended density resolution and absence of scatter of EOS compensated for the inferior spatial resolution. Further development is needed to reach better dose containment and improve resolution, with validation in patients having various clinical conditions.
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Concilio, Hansson Roberta. "An Experimental Study on the Dynamics of a Single Droplet Vapor Explosion." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Kärnkraftsäkerhet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-26014.
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The present study aims to develop a mechanistic understanding of the thermal-hydraulic processes in a vapor explosion, which may occur in nuclear power plants during a hypothetical severe accident involving interactions of high-temperature corium melt and volatile coolant. Over the past several decades, a large body of literature has been accumulated on vapor explosion phenomenology and methods for assessment of the related risk. Vapor explosion is driven by a rapid fragmentation of high temperaturemelt droplets, leading to a substantial increase of heattransfer areas and subsequent explosive evaporation of the volatile coolant. Constrained by the liquid-phase coolant, the rapid vapor production in the interaction zone causes pressurization and dynamic loading on surrounding structures. While such a general understanding has been established, the triggering mechanism and subsequent dynamic fine fragmentation have yet not been clearly understood. A few mechanistic fragmentation models have been proposed, however, computational efforts to simulate the phenomena generated a large scatter of results. Dynamics of the hot liquid (melt) droplet and the volatile liquid (coolant) are investigated in the MISTEE (Micro-Interactions in Steam Explosion Experiments) facility by performing well-controlled, externally triggered, single-droplet experiments, using a high-speed visualization system with synchronized digital cinematography and continuous X-ray radiography, called SHARP (Simultaneous High-speed Acquisition of X-ray Radiography and Photography). After an elaborate image processing, the SHARP images depict the evolution of both melt material (dispersal) and coolant (bubble dynamics), and their microscale interactions, i.e. the triggering phenomenology. The images point to coolant entrainment into the droplet surface as the mechanism for direct contact/mixing ultimately responsible for energetic interactions. Most importantly, the MISTEE data reveals an inverse correlation between the coolant temperature and the molten droplet deformation/prefragmentation during the first bubble dynamics cycle. The SHARP observations followed by further analysis leads to a hypothesis about a novel phenomenon called pre-conditioning, according to which dynamics of the first bubble-dynamics cycle and the ability of the melt drop to deform/pre-fragment dictate the subsequent explosivity of the so-triggered droplet. The effect of non-condensable gases on the perceived mechanisms was investigated on the MISTEE-NCG test campaign, in which a considerable amount of non-condensable gases (NCG) are present in the film that enfolds the molten droplet. The SHARP images for the MISTEE-NCG tests were analyzed and special attention was given to the morphology (aspect ratio) and dynamics of the air/ vapor bubble, as well as the melt drop preconditioning and interaction energetics. Analysis showed twomain aspects when compared to the MISTEE test series (withoutentrapped air). First, the investigation showed that the meltpreconditioning still strongly depends on the coolant subcooling. Second,in respect to the energetics, the tests consistently showed a reducedconversion ratio compared to that of the MISTEE test series. The effect of the melt material in the steam explosion triggerability was also summoned, since it would in principle directly implicate the melt preconditioning. Since a number of the thermo-physical properties of the material would influence the triggering process, we focused on the material properties by using the same dioxide material with difference concentrations, i.e. eutectic and non-eutectic. Unfortunately, due to the high melt superheat the possible differences were not perceived. Thus, inaddition to other materials, lower melt superheat tests were schedule inthe future.QC 20101110
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Eriksson, Helena. "Teaching listening comprehension in upper secondary schools : An interview study about teaching strategies." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-36515.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine what strategies teachers use when they teach listeningcomprehension in order to develop student’s listening skills, and especially if and how they usescaffolding in their teaching. To examine this, seven upper secondary school teachers inSweden were interviewed about their listening comprehension teaching. The qualitative datawere analyzed using a cross case analysis with a combination of framework and IPA analysis.The data was labeled and divided into two themes: general strategies and scaffolding. In thethemes the data was further sorted and categorized into language immersion, raising selfconfidence,division into smaller groups, notetaking, pre-information and connection to theme,collaborative discourses, teacher peer and modeling and finally increasing level of difficulty.All seven teachers discussed several different strategies they use. They often combine strategiesto create the best learning environment for the students. Six out of these seven teachers gaveexamples of scaffolding strategies they use, such as modeling, working with themes and preinformationto support their students. However, as mentioned previously, they were oftencombined with other strategies such as collaborative discourse and smaller groups.
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Owejan, Jon. "Neutron radiography study of water transport in an operating fuel cell : effects of diffusion media and cathode channel properties /." Online version of thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/5279.
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Cowen, Jeffrey B. "The influence of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and subjective norm on computed radiography systems a pilot study /." Connect to resource, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/36983.
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au, jane syd@bigpond net, and Susan Jane Maw. "Teaching Hatha Yoga: An Auto-Ethnographic Study." Murdoch University, 2008. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20081022.110605.
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This dissertation is grounded in my praxis as a Hatha yoga teacher in the community. I
noticed that particular students were drawn to specific styles of Hatha yoga, whilst
avoiding others. I took the styles of Hatha yoga into consideration, but further
exploration also gave rise to whether methods of instruction were a fundamental
component of the class demography. This in turn led to an examination of my own
teaching pedagogy to explore how my philosophical approach to teaching, was in fact,
carried over into to my praxis and if this was a factor in student retention in my classes.
Studying my own pedagogy as a Hatha yoga teacher meant reviewing my philosophies,
both from a theoretical perspective and later from a practical level, to see if my practice
followed my philosophy. This could only be realised through a full investigation of my
teaching methods, which was achieved by video taping one of my Hatha yoga classes. I
believe that understanding originates from personal knowledge; therefore, the research
must begin by examining my own pedagogy. In order to answer these questions I have
investigated the historical foundations of yoga and the meaning of yoga in the modern
Western world. During this process I became aware of the misrepresentations of Hatha
yoga and the misconceptions that have derived from this. In order to answer my
research question, whether my teaching pedagogy directly influenced the cohort of
students who attended my yoga class, I have had to be cognisant of my own pedagogy.
In order to achieve this I employed heuristic enquiry and more specifically the methods
outline by Clark Moustakas (1990). Heuristic epistemology is achieved by creating
phases in which the researcher uses her own experience to investigate and create
meaning in which to discover a phenomenon. This method of enquiry offers the
researcher non-linear steps with which to structure the process of a personal reflection.
Explication of the pedagogy resulted from numerous viewings of the video recording. I
reviewed my teaching methods to ascertain if what I said and thought I was doing was
what I actually taught.
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Maw, Susan Jane. "Teaching Hatha yoga : an auto-ethnographic study /." Maw, Susan Jane (2008) Teaching Hatha yoga: an auto-ethnographic study. Masters by Research thesis, Murdoch University, 2008. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/186/.
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This dissertation is grounded in my praxis as a Hatha yoga teacher in the community. I noticed that particular students were drawn to specific styles of Hatha yoga, whilst avoiding others. I took the styles of Hatha yoga into consideration, but further exploration also gave rise to whether methods of instruction were a fundamental component of the class demography. This in turn led to an examination of my own teaching pedagogy to explore how my philosophical approach to teaching, was in fact, carried over into to my praxis and if this was a factor in student retention in my classes. Studying my own pedagogy as a Hatha yoga teacher meant reviewing my philosophies, both from a theoretical perspective and later from a practical level, to see if my practice followed my philosophy. This could only be realised through a full investigation of my teaching methods, which was achieved by video taping one of my Hatha yoga classes. I believe that understanding originates from personal knowledge; therefore, the research must begin by examining my own pedagogy. In order to answer these questions I have investigated the historical foundations of yoga and the meaning of yoga in the modern Western world. During this process I became aware of the misrepresentations of Hatha yoga and the misconceptions that have derived from this. In order to answer my research question, whether my teaching pedagogy directly influenced the cohort of students who attended my yoga class, I have had to be cognisant of my own pedagogy. In order to achieve this I employed heuristic enquiry and more specifically the methods outline by Clark Moustakas (1990). Heuristic epistemology is achieved by creating phases in which the researcher uses her own experience to investigate and create meaning in which to discover a phenomenon. This method of enquiry offers the researcher non-linear steps with which to structure the process of a personal reflection. Explication of the pedagogy resulted from numerous viewings of the video recording. I reviewed my teaching methods to ascertain if what I said and thought I was doing was what I actually taught.
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Howard, Karen L. "The teaching vice-principal, a qualitative study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60229.pdf.
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Pieterse, Tracey. "Guidelines for the facilitation of critical thinking in 3rd year radiography students." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/8329.
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M.Tech. (Radiography)The ability to think critically is a vital skill for health care professionals in an era of rapidly advancing technology. Critical thinking skills improve problem solving ability, quality of clinical service and efficiency in delivering a clinical service. Although no specific curriculum exists within the Department of Radiography for teaching critical thinking, assessments given to students progress from the lower levels of learning, which include knowledge and understanding of information in first year, to the higher levels of learning, which include analysis, synthesis and evaluation in third year. The status of the students’ ability to demonstrate critical thinking skills needed to be explored for the Department of Radiography to develop a more explicit curriculum to facilitate these skills. The research question that arose was: To what extent could third-year radiography students demonstrate critical thinking skills and how can the design and delivery of the new professional bachelor’s degree be adapted to make provision for and best facilitate the teaching of these skills? The aim of this descriptive exploratory study was to determine the ability of third-year radiography students at a comprehensive university in Gauteng, South Africa, to think critically. The study employs a descriptive exploratory design. The participants responses to vignettes (in the form of clinical scenarios) were analyzed using a Likert scale and action verbs developed for evaluating evidence of critical thinking skills, providing quantitative data. Field notes were made whilst analyzing responses to each question, providing qualitative data.
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Van, der Nest Liesl. "Comparison of pattern recognition teaching strategies of the skeletal system in radiography undergraduate programmes at UJ and CUT." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10292.
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M.Tech. (Diagnostic Radiography)Radiology is a profession in crisis and worldwide statistics support this statement. By addressing the shortage of radiologists, this crisis could be alleviated. One possible solution is to train qualified radiographers in South Africa (SA) to adequately apply pattern recognition (PR) criteria to the appendicular skeletal system, a gap already identified by Williams, (2006, 2009). This training gap has been investigated on postgraduate level by means of two studies performed by Williams (2006:14) and Williams (2009:15). However, no studies could be found indicating that the gap in training has been investigated and addressed at undergraduate level. The aim of this study is therefore to compare the PR skills among 3rd year radiography students at UJ and CUT on plain radiographs of the skeletal system. Competency will be indicated by test results of 70% and above. The study will take the form of a sequential design within a mixed method approach. Since the researcher aims to utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative data collection methods and aspires to elaborate on initial findings, this approach is deemed appropriate Results of this study were adequately supported by statistical analysis to conclude that the participants representing the two Universities were statistically similar allowing generalization of results to the population of undergraduate 3rd year radiography students in South Africa. The majority of participants (91.2%) have access to pathology radiographs compared to 72.1% with access to relevant textbooks with most participants utilizing available resources for study purposes. All lecturers are approachable by the participants and all identified PR teaching strategies are effective to a selected degree; Research revealed that South African undergraduate diagnostic radiography students are not able to accurately apply PR criteria at the end of their third year. There is therefore a need for more in-depth PR training in the South African undergraduate diagnostic radiography curriculum.
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Naidoo, Kathleen. "Continuing professional development : opinions, awareness and compliance challenges experienced by radiographers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1781.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Health Sciences in Radiography, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2016.Introduction: Continuing Professional Development (CPD) has been introduced as a means to ensure that professionals continuously update their knowledge and skills. In addition, CPD has become a mandatory requirement by the Health Professionals Council of South Africa (HPCSA). However despite CPD being mandatory, health professionals nationally and internationally alike have experienced numerous challenges obtaining the required CPD points/hours. Some of these challenges included lack of awareness of the CPD requirements, lack of available activities, lack of employer support, lack of funding and a lack of time to participate. No studies have been conducted amongst radiographers working in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), to determine if they are affected by similar challenges hence the need for this study. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify the opinions, level of awareness, participation, and challenges related to CPD compliance by radiographers in KwaZulu-Natal, and to ascertain their suggestions for improvement to CPD practices in order to make recommendations to the HPCSA. Method A quantitative, descriptive research approach using a questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions was utilized. Radiographers from all four disciplines in Radiography, working in the province of KwaZulu-Natal were included in this study. A five point Likert scale was used for most of the closed questions. The open ended questions allowed respondents to express their opinions freely. The quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The inferential statistics included bivariate correlations and Chi-square testing. Open ended questions were analyzed by means of thematic analysis. Results Two hundred and ninety two questionnaires were administered and one hundred and forty six were returned which resulted in a 50% response rate. The mean age of respondents were 31.3 years. The majority of respondents were females (85.6%). Most of the respondents were diagnostic radiographers (80.8%) hence 59.6% were shift workers. Fifty percent of the respondents were employed in the public health sector. Respondent’s acknowledged the importance of CPD however majority indicated engagement due to the mandatory requirements by the council. The most common challenges identified were lack of funding and time. Suggestions for having formal polices in place and allocation for financial support were recommended. A number of respondents suggested having an online database for the systematic recording of CPD points in order to improve the audit process. In this study relationships between different variables were tested. It was noted that a progression in rank resulted in a greater level of agreement that CPD does improve professional competence. The infrequency of CPD engagement was directly affected by the difficulties associated with evidence and record keeping of CPD activities. The lack of funding was a greater challenge amongst the public health sector employees as opposed to the private sector. It was also noted that a lack of employer support affected how often respondents engaged in CPD activities hence support from employers was deemed crucial. Conclusion Radiographers working in KwaZulu - Natal were experiencing numerous CPD challenges. Suggestions were made to overcome these challenges as well as improving the auditing system by the HPCSA.
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"A simulation system of vascular interventional radiology procedures for training endovascular skills." 2012. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5549396.
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近年来，血管类疾病已经成为人类健康的第一杀手。每年有成百上千万人死于血管疾病。血管介入术是一种非常有前景的血管类疾病的治疗手段。血管介入术是一种微创手术，它已经被广泛的用于治疗中风，血管狭窄，血管瘤等疾病。相对于传统的开放式手术，它具有风险低，恢复快，住院时间短等优点。该疗法通常在透视影像的引导下由导管和导线在血管内协同完成手术过程。因为介入术的复杂性和特殊性，作为介入手术医生的必要技能，掌握手术中手眼协同，各种手术器具的使用和复杂细致的手术流程无疑是一个巨大的挑战。因此，迫切地需要一种高效、安全的训练系统。相对于传统的训练方法，基于虚拟现实技术的训练系统是一种非常好的训练手段。为了建立一套高仿真的介入手术训练模拟器，首先，我们要为病人的血管网重建三维模型。我们提出了一种自动的提取中心线的方法，用来从分割好的CTA/MRA体数据中获取病人血管网的中心线。基于改进的平行传递算法，沿着这些中心线，生成了一系列连续的标架。根据这些标架，我们构造了血管的横截面，并在此基础上生成了光滑连续的三维血管模型。
其次，作为血管介入术中最基础和最重要的手术器械，我们为导管和导线建立了物理模型。我们提出了一种基于最小势能原理的可变形的模型用于模拟导管和导线对于受力的反应。我们还提出了一个快速并且稳定的多网格算法来保证模拟的真实性和严格的实时交互要求。另外，我们做了几组实验。通过这些实验，验证了多网格算法在稳定性、实时性、模拟的真实性等方面满足了我们对于训练用模拟系统的要求。
再次，为了模拟血管栓塞术的手术过程，我们提出了一种模拟线圈填充血管瘤的过程的新方法。通过加总线圈弯曲变形的弹性势能、血管瘤变形的弹性势能以及外力做的功，我们建立了在血管栓塞术的环境下的总势能模型。为了求解这个模型，我们提出了一个基于有限元方法的求解器。从而模拟了线圈在介入医生的操作下慢慢的进入血管瘤，并缠绕起来的过程。
另外，我们提出了一个分层圆柱网格模型（LCGM）用于模拟在血管网中血流的运动。这一模型在几何上和拓扑结构上都非常适合我们的应用。我们将血液在血管中的流动近似为一维的层流，并用一组线性等式描述了血管网中流速与血压的关系。通过求解这一线性系统，得到了在分层圆柱网格模型下血流的速度场。依据这个血流的速度场，我们采用平流-扩散模型来模拟造影剂在血管中的传播的过程。
Vascular diseases have been becoming the number one cause of death worldwide in recent years. Millions of people were killed by vascular diseases each year. An increasingly promising therapy for treating vascular diseases is Vascular Interventional Radiology (VIR). VIR is a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) procedure, which has been widely used to cure stroke, angiostenosis, aneurysm and etc. A low risk, an accelerated recovery and a shorter stay in hospital are important advantages over the traditional vascular surgery. This therapy is performed by a guidewire-catheter combination inside the blood vessels under the guidance of the fluoroscopic imaging. Because of the complexity and particularity of these procedures, it is a great challenge to master hand-eye coordination, instrument manipulation and procedure protocols for each radiologist mandatory. An efficient and safe training system is needed urgently. In contrast to these traditional training methods, virtual reality (VR) based simulation systems is a pretty good surrogate.
In order to build a high fidelity interventional simulator for physician training, firstly, we reconstructed the three dimensional (3D) model for the vascular network of the patients. An method of automatic skeleton extraction was proposed to acquire the centerline of the vascular network from the segmented volume data from CTA/MRA. A series of continuing frames were generated along with the centerline based on improved parallel transporting method. According to these frames we built the crossections of the vessels and further the 3D vascular model with the smooth meshes.
Secondly, as the most basic and important instruments in the VIR procedure, the catheter and guidewire were modeled and simulated physically. We developed a deformable model to simulate complicated behaviors of guidewires and catheters based on the principle of minimum total potential energy. A fast and stable multigrid solver was proposed to ensure both realistic simulation and real time interaction. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate our multigrid solver in terms of stability, time performance, the capability of simulating catheter behaviors and the realism of catheter deformation.
Thirdly, to simulate the procedure of embolization, we proposed a novel method to simulate the motion of coil and their interactions with the aneurysm. We formulated the total potential energy in the embolization circumstance by summing up the elastic energy deriving from the bending of coils, the potential energy due to the deformation of the aneurysm and the work by the external forces. A novel FEM-based approach was proposed to simulate the deformation of coils. And the motion of coils and their responses to every input from the interventional radiologist can be calculated globally.
Fourthly, we proposed our Layered Cylindrical Gird Model (LCGM) for simulating blood flow in vascular network, which is pretty suitable for sampling the vascular network geometrically and topologically. The blood flow in vessels was regarded as 1D laminar flow and formulated into a set of linear equations based on the Poiseuille law to describe the relationship between the speed of flow and the pressure. Solving those equations, we got the velocity fields in the blood flow. In terms of the velocity fields, an advection-diffusion model was adopted to simulate the propagation of contrast agent with the blood flow.
Finally, all above techniques and procedures were implemented and integrated into a simulation system for training the medical students to acquire the endovascular skill, and an empirical study was also designed based on a typical selective catheteriza- tion procedure to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
Detailed summary in vernacular field only.
最后，我们将所有以上提到的技术和方法集成到模拟系统中用于训练医学院的学生，并使他们获得血管介入术的技能。并且，我们基于一个典型的导管插入术过程，使用经验分析的方法对模拟系统的可用性和效率进行了评估。
Li, Shun.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-116).
Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.
Abstracts in also Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgement --- p.vi
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- Vascular Modeling --- p.14
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction and Related Work --- p.14
Chapter 2.2 --- Vascular Skeleton Graph Construction --- p.15
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Chamfer distance transform and Dijkstra's shortest-path algorithm --- p.17
Chapter 2.2.2 --- End vertices retrieval --- p.19
Chapter 2.2.3 --- The algorithm of vascular skeleton extraction --- p.21
Chapter 2.3 --- Vascular Modeling --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Tubular Model --- p.21
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Bifurcation Model --- p.23
Chapter 3 --- Catheter Simulation --- p.28
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction and Related Works --- p.28
Chapter 3.2 --- Catheter Simulation --- p.31
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Kirchhoff Theory of Elastic Rod --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Problem Formulation --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.3 --- The Multigrid Iterative Solver --- p.38
Chapter 3.3 --- Collision detection --- p.45
Chapter 3.4 --- Validation of the Catheter Simulation Method --- p.47
Chapter 3.4.1 --- Stability --- p.49
Chapter 3.4.2 --- Time Performance --- p.50
Chapter 3.4.3 --- Preservation of Curved Tip --- p.51
Chapter 3.4.4 --- The realism of catheter deformation --- p.53
Chapter 4 --- Coil Embolization Simulation --- p.59
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction and Related Work --- p.59
Chapter 4.2 --- Methodology --- p.61
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Total potential energy of a coil --- p.61
Chapter 4.2.2 --- The FEM-based numeric solver for interactive coil simulation --- p.61
Chapter 5 --- Angiography Simulation --- p.70
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction and related works --- p.70
Chapter 5.2 --- The Equations of Fluid --- p.72
Chapter 5.3 --- Layered Cylindrical Gird Model --- p.73
Chapter 5.4 --- Numerical Method --- p.76
Chapter 5.4.1 --- Evaluation of the velocity field of blood flow --- p.76
Chapter 5.4.2 --- Evaluation of the density field --- p.78
Chapter 5.5 --- Results --- p.81
Chapter 6 --- System Implementation and Evaluation --- p.84
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction and Related Work --- p.84
Chapter 6.2 --- System Construction --- p.85
Chapter 6.3 --- Empirical Study of the Training System --- p.89
Chapter 7 --- Conclusion and Discussion --- p.98
Chapter 7.1 --- Geometric Modeling of Vasculature --- p.99
Chapter 7.2 --- Catheterization Simulation --- p.99
Chapter 7.3 --- Embolization Simulation --- p.100
Chapter 7.4 --- Angiography Simulation --- p.101
Chapter 7.5 --- System and Evaluation --- p.102
Publication List --- p.103
Bibliography --- p.105
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Luo, Xin. "Study on Infrastructure Materials Using Neutron Radiography and Diffraction." 2007. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/234.
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Advanced nondestructive neutron technology has been utilized to study fundamental issues in the Lost Foam Casting (LFC) process and in the mechanical behavior of infrastructure materials.
Time lapsed neutron radiography combined with digital image processing was used to investigate the real-time LFC process. Behavior and characteristics of the pyrolysis front in the LFC processes were discussed. Evidence shows that neutron radiography offers new insights into the pyrolysis front and the dynamics of the processes involved with the casting. Behavior and characteristics of the pyrolysis front and the molten metal interface in the LFC processes were revealed. The proposed approach will prove to be a powerful tool to characterize the degradation behavior of the expanded polystyrene foam during the LFC process and the interactions of liquid metal.
The stress-strain relationship of particulate materials is complex, and depends on the initial state of packing, past stress history, and the applied stress path. A novel in-situ study methodology has been developed using neutron scattering technique to obtain strains both globally and locally. The significant differences between the global deformation and the local lattice strain for silica sand have been found and discussed. The measured lattice strain was at least one order of magnitude smaller than the measured related global strain. However, the actual stress within the particles could be much higher than the applied global stress. Research results from this study will be useful for developing suitable elasto-plastic constitutive models of frictional granular materials.
Residual stress has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior materials. It is difficult to be measured or predicted using analytical methods, and can lead to premature failure of materials if not appropriately considered in design. Residual strains of identical steel tubular specimens after being subjected to either torsion or tension corresponding to a target equivalent strain invariant were probed using both reactor and spallation neutron sources. The lattice strains based on the hkl reflections that are reported to be both weakly and strongly affected by intergranular strain for tension stress path were investigated. The results indicate the essential difference between tension and torsion from the perspective of yield and failure criteria for materials.
An innovative approach has been developed to study the complete 3-D strain tensor using the 2nd Generation Neutron Residual Stress Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. A procedure was also established to understand the mechanism and to analyze the errors of the calculated strain tensor. This newly developed approach makes it possible to study the strain/stress state in materials under complex conditions.
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Marcelos, Tiago Miguel dos Santos. "Carbon ion radiography and tomography: a Monte Carlo study." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/15531.
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Tese de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Biomédica e Biofísica, apresentada à Universidade de Lisboa, através da Faculdade de Ciências, 2014A importância das técnicas de imagiologia em terapia com iões tem vindo a crescer, seja no planeamento ou durante a monotorização do tratamento. Nesta tese é apresentado um estudo Monte Carlo que suporta um protótipo de um detector para radiografia e tomografia com iões de carbono. Este detector dedicado, desenvolvido pelo GSI Darmstadt e pela Universidade de Heidelberg, é constituído por 61 câmaras de ionização e foi construído e testado experimentalmente. A sua aplicação em imagiologia de transmissão com iões de carbono foi investigada e os primeiros resultados mostraram o seu potencial como uma técnica alternativa que oferece uma baixa dose depositada. Embora a viabilidade da radiografia com iões de carbono tenha sido demonstrada e resultados encorajadores tenham sido obtidos, existe ainda a necessidade de continuar a investigar e responder às questões que se mantêm abertas. O objectivo final desta tese é o de desenvolver uma ferramenta fiável, baseada em Monte Carlo, que nos permita investigar alguns detalhes da imagiologia de transmissão com iões de carbono que são difíceis e/ou que demoram muito tempo para explorar experimentalmente. Ao mesmo tempo queremos que esta ferramenta suporte e complemente os trabalhos experimentais. Em suma, os resultados desta tese demonstram o grande potencial da imagiologia com iões de carbono visto que conseguimos obter radiografias e tomografias depositando uma dose baixa, 0.05 mGy e 17.47 mGy, respectivamente, mas mantendo a qualidade das imagens.
Imaging techniques play an increasingly important role for treatment planning and insitu monitoring in ion beam therapy. In this thesis, a Monte Carlo study was performed in order to support a prototype detector for carbon ion radiography and tomography. The dedicated prototype detector, developed by GSI Darmstadt and the Heidelberg University Clinic on the basis of a stack of 61 ionizations chambers, was assembled and tested experimentally. Its applicability to carbon ion based transmission imaging was investigated and the first results showed the potential of carbon ion radiography as an attractive low dose imaging modality. Although the feasibility of carbon radiography was demonstrated and encouraging results were obtained, it is necessary to investigate some of the still open questions. The ultimate goal of the Monte Carlo simulations in this work is to develop a reliable tool to investigate some details related to ion transmission imaging applications that are difficult or time consuming to explore experimentally. At the same time, we want to support and complement the experimental work. Overall, the findings of this thesis support the large potential of carbon ion radiography and tomography. We achieved low dose radiographies, 0.05 mGy, and low dose tomographies, 17.47 mGy, while maintaining the image quality.
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Ammendolia, Carlo. "Adherence to clinical practice guidelines for radiography use in low-back pain among chiropractic teaching clinics." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=371006&T=F.
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Tsai, Wen-Li, and 蔡文立. "The development of high resolution synchrotron radiography in materials study." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26456884111137444835.
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博士大同大學
材料工程研究所
89
Abstract The recently developed high resolution synchrotron radiography which based on “phase contrast” was performed in this study. The interplay of the weight of contrast mechanisms－from absorption, refraction and Fresnel edge diffraction－was studied by controlling the parameters: the x-ray monochromativity, the use of attenuator, the x-ray energy and the distance between object and detector. The optimal spatial resolution we can reach by our present imaging setup is 0.7 micron. Two sets of in situ studies, the gallium diffusion in the AlZn alloy and the zinc electro-deposition, were chosen to demonstrate the potential of this technique in materials study by utilize high flux synchrotron white radiation, the surprising results proved that in situ synchrotron radiography is an unique technique to reveal information from materials processing, not only provides the direct evidences to the postulations or hypothesis of materials phenomenal studies but also monitored material behaviors never seem by other imaging techniques.
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Hentisz, Alexandra. "A radiographic study of third molar agenesis in a sample from the American Midsouth." 2003. http://etd.utk.edu/2003/HentiszAlexandra.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2003.Title from title page screen (viewed Sept. 22, 2003). Thesis advisor: Dr. Richard Jantz. Document formatted into pages (vii, 56 p. : ill.). Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-55).
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Wu, Zong-Syun, and 吳宗訓. "Study of Proton Range Radiography Imaging Using Geant4 Monte Carlo Simulation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33786962450258743832.
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碩士國立中央大學
物理研究所
100
Proton Range Radiography (PRR) is an image quality control tool in proton therapy. Before a patient begins proton irradiation, a real-time imaging can be generated by the same proton beam. By comparing with the computer tomography image; the doctor can know any changes of tumor to evaluate the validity of the treatment. The PRR detector includes a pair of gas electron multiplier and a range telescope made with a stack of 30 scintillators. The gas electron multiplier is to record the trajectory of the particle and the scintillator is to record the energy loss of particle passing through scintillator. In this thesis, we used these two conditions to reconstruct the image and analysis image resolution from these images. In order to find the minimum dosage require for clean picture, we through a simple algorithm to search the minimum dosage.
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Tsai, Tsung Lin, and 蔡宗霖. "Proton radiography using Discrete Range Modulation method – A Monte Carlo study." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3f77ra.
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碩士長庚大學
醫學影像暨放射科學系
105
The advantages of the proton therapy are based on the characteristic proton Bragg peak. However, the proton range uncertainties which caused by many factors will lead to the dose deviation, even worse than photon therapy. This work has investigated the properties of proton radiography and water-equivalent path length (WEPL) to quantitatively assess the image quality and range uncertainties. We use Discrete Range Modulation (DRM) method for proton radiography benefited from CGMH wobbling and layer stacking techniques. We will report the advantages of DRM which compared to Continuous Range Modulation (CRM) method. In this study, we used MCNPX 2.7.0 to simulate the depth dose distribution by pencil beam geometry (PBG) on a water phantom of 40 x 40 x 40 cm2. According to ESS, beam energies from 70 to 230 MeV at 2.5MeV/step were obtained. In DRM method, we used the parameter based on Bragg Peak characteristics, R80. The mean proton range of different energies was obtained. DRM method to determine the WEPL is by using the relationship between the proton energy and energy deposition at 80% of the proximal fall off (E80) . The E80 will not vary while varying initial energy spread. For CRM method, a dose gradient plan was constructed to estimate relationship between WEPL and energy deposition. DRM and CRM were verified by different thickness of water phantoms, a step phantom and wedge phantoms. In DRM method, the difference of WEPL are < 2 mm, standard deviation in the images was found to be σ <0.5 mm . However, in CRM, difference of WEPL are >3mm, σ> 0.6 mm. SNR of DRM is more than three times of CRM. Proton radiography obtained using DRM method is more accurate and precise than those using CRM method. DRM method also can solve mixed beam problem owing to multiple Coulomb scattering.
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Peer, Fawzia Ismail. "A comparative study of the 14C-Urea Breath Test and histology for the detection of Helicobacter pylori in terms of cost effectiveness and patient acceptability." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/2797.
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Dissertation submitted in compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Radiography, Technikon Natal, 2001.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Carbon-14 Urea Breath Test e4C-UBT) and histology for the detection of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) in terms of cost-effectiveness and patient perceptions. It was hypothesized that the 14C_UBTwas more cost-effective and more easily tolerated than a histological analysis of a biopsy specimen obtained on endoscopy for H pylori detection
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