Academic literature on the topic 'Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments'

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Journal articles on the topic "Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments"

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Casey, Richard E. "Radiolaria." Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology 18 (1987): 213–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s027116480000155x.

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Radiolaria are marine holoplanktonic animal-like protists belonging to the Superclass Actinopodea of the Subphylum Sarcodina. When biologists speak of radiolarians they usually mean the subgroup Acantharia that are common in nearshore waters and are sometimes involved in plankton blooms. When paleontologists speak of radiolarians they usually mean the subgroups preserved in the fossil record; the Polycystina (or polycystine) encompassing Spumellaria and Nassellaria, which possess solid opaline skeletal structures, and the Phaeodaria (or phaeodarians), which possess hollow skeletal structures of an admixture of silica and organic matter.
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Olivero, Eduardo B., and Maria I. López Cabrera. "EuflabellaN. Igen.: Complex Horizontal Spreite Burrows in Upper Cretaceous–Paleogene Shallow-Marine Sandstones of Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego." Journal of Paleontology 87, no. 3 (May 2013): 413–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/12-088.1.

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Fine-grained sandstones and siltstones of Late Cretaceous to Eocene age in Antarctica and Tierra del Fuego yield an association of well-known shallow-marine trace fossils. Among them stick out complex spreite burrows, which are formally described asEuflabellan. igen. and subdivided into five ichnospecies with different burrowing programs and occurrences. As shown by concentrations of diatoms, radiolarians, foraminifers, and calcispheres in particular backfill lamellae, the unknown trace makers lived on fresh detritus from the surface as well as the burrowed sediment. In some ichnospecies, vertical sections show that the spreite is three-dimensionally meandering in upward direction and that upper laminae tend to rework the upper backfill of the folds underneath. This could mean a second harvest, after cultivated bacteria had time to ferment refractory sediment components, which the metazoan trace maker had been unable to digest before.
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Haggart, James W., J. Brian Mahoney, Michelle Forgette, Elizabeth S. Carter, Claudia J. Schröder-Adams, Catherine I. MacLaurin, and Arthur R. Sweet. "Paleoenvironmental and chronological constraints on the Mount Tatlow succession, British Columbia: first recognition of radiolarian and foraminiferal faunas in the Intermontane Cretaceous back-arc basins of western Canada1This article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme of New insights in Cordilleran Intermontane geoscience: reducing exploration risk in the mountain pine beetle-affected area, British Columbia.2Geological Survey of Canada Contribution 20100279." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 48, no. 6 (June 2011): 952–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e11-019.

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The Cretaceous succession at Mount Tatlow, British Columbia, is a cornerstone of Cordilleran stratigraphy, preserving a mostly continuous record of upper Lower Cretaceous to lower Upper Cretaceous sedimentary strata. The succession is capped by volcanic strata of the Powell Creek formation. Lithofacies assemblages within the Mount Tatlow succession reflect sedimentation in a deep-water submarine fan system at the base of the section, to overlying submarine-fan and to pro-deltaic deposition, and, finally, to delta-plain sedimentation at the top of the succession. Radiolarian and foraminifer fossils from the lower part of the Mount Tatlow section are the first recovered from the Intermontane basins of British Columbia and indicate a middle Albian to Cenomanian age, most likely Cenomanian. The presence of these fossils indicates that open-marine conditions existed locally in the basin at this time, but the strongly altered and pyritized nature of the fauna suggests that a reducing environment fostered early diagenetic pyritization processes in the subsurface sediments. Detrital zircon populations collected from the succession are in agreement with the paleontological ages.
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Dickens, Angela F., Yves Gélinas, Caroline A. Masiello, Stuart Wakeham, and John I. Hedges. "Reburial of fossil organic carbon in marine sediments." Nature 427, no. 6972 (January 2004): 336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02299.

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Streiker, Scott, and Rachel Smith. "The NEST Laboratory: The Art of a Multi-User Facility." Microscopy Today 14, no. 6 (November 2006): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500058909.

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Radiolaria are marine protozoa that have thrived in the world's oceans for millions of years. They are particularly unique among marine plankton in that they build silica skeletons, which have allowed them to be preserved in the fossil record. These skeletons are ornate and complex and often demonstrate perfect geometric form and symmetry. The complex and beautiful glass-like structures are visually interesting when examined with electron microscopy. These attributes, coupled with their availability, size, ease of mounting and preparation make them superb specimens for introducing students to the use of electron microscopy (EM).
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Haslett, Simon K., and Paul D. Robinson. "Detecting radiolaria in the field." Journal of Micropalaeontology 10, no. 1 (August 1, 1991): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.10.1.22.

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Abstract. Radiolaria can be preserved in all types of marine sedimentary rocks, the method for their extraction being dependent on the mineralogy of the radiolarian test and the nature of the rock-type in which they occur. In the past radiolaria could only be viewed in thin section (Hinde, 1890; Hinde & Fox, 1895), with no method of detecting the presence of radiolaria prior to sectioning. Modern extraction techniques are normally laboratory based and use hazardous chemicals, therefore it is advantageous to establish the radiolarian content of the sample before collection and transportation back to the laboratory. This can be achieved in a number of ways:-1. Non-lithified sediments. Radiolaria are separated from the sediment by washing the sample over a set of small sieves. Two mesh sizes should be used, a coarse mesh around 150μm to separate large litho-fragments, and a fine mesh no greater than 63μm to concentrate the radiolaria. The fine fraction is then washed with dilute hydrochloric acid (HCl) to eliminate the calcareous microfossils, leaving a pure radiolarian sludge, which is dried on filter paper.2. Siliceous rock-types. Methods for extracting radiolaria from cherts have been in use since the early 1970’s (Dumitrica, 1970; Pessagno & Newport, 1972), and have recently been applied to field-work (Cordey & Krauss, 1990). The recognition of fossiliferous bedded cherts is possible with the use of a hand-lens in good sunlight. If radiolaria are present, they should be detectable as small protrusions, especially along laminae. To extract the radiolaria, break up the sample. . .
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McLoughlin, Stephen. "Plant fossil distributions in some Australian Permian non-marine sediments." Sedimentary Geology 85, no. 1-4 (May 1993): 601–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(93)90104-d.

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Hendy, Austin J. W. "The influence of lithification on Cenozoic marine biodiversity trends." Paleobiology 35, no. 1 (2009): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07047.1.

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Recent research has corroborated the long-held view that the diversity of genera within benthic marine communities has increased from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic as much as three- to fourfold, after mitigating for such biasing influences as secular variation in time-averaging and environmental coverage. However, these efforts have not accounted for the considerable increase in the availability of unlithified fossiliferous sediments in strata of late Mesozoic and Cenozoic age. Analyses presented here on the Cenozoic fossil record of New Zealand demonstrate that unlithified sediments not only increase the amount of fossil material and hence the observed diversity therein, but they also preserve a pool of taxa that is compositionally distinct from lithified sediments. The implication is that a large component of the difference in estimates of within-community diversity between Paleozoic and Cenozoic assemblages may relate to the increased availability of unlithified sediments in the Cenozoic.
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Lejzerowicz, Franck, Philippe Esling, Wojciech Majewski, Witold Szczuciński, Johan Decelle, Cyril Obadia, Pedro Martinez Arbizu, and Jan Pawlowski. "Ancient DNA complements microfossil record in deep-sea subsurface sediments." Biology Letters 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2013): 20130283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0283.

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Deep-sea subsurface sediments are the most important archives of marine biodiversity. Until now, these archives were studied mainly using the microfossil record, disregarding large amounts of DNA accumulated on the deep-sea floor. Accessing ancient DNA (aDNA) molecules preserved down-core would offer unique insights into the history of marine biodiversity, including both fossilized and non-fossilized taxa. Here, we recover aDNA of eukaryotic origin across four cores collected at abyssal depths in the South Atlantic, in up to 32.5 thousand-year-old sediment layers. Our study focuses on Foraminifera and Radiolaria, two major groups of marine microfossils also comprising diverse non-fossilized taxa. We describe their assemblages in down-core sediment layers applying both micropalaeontological and environmental DNA sequencing approaches. Short fragments of the foraminiferal and radiolarian small subunit rRNA gene recovered from sedimentary DNA extracts provide evidence that eukaryotic aDNA is preserved in deep-sea sediments encompassing the last glacial maximum. Most aDNA were assigned to non-fossilized taxa that also dominate in molecular studies of modern environments. Our study reveals the potential of aDNA to better document the evolution of past marine ecosystems and opens new horizons for the development of deep-sea palaeogenomics.
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Haslett, Simon K. "Late Neogene-Quaternary radiolarian biostratigraphy: a brief review." Journal of Micropalaeontology 23, no. 1 (May 1, 2004): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.23.1.39.

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Abstract. Since the 1950s, it has become apparent that Radiolaria have significant biostratigraphical potential throughout Phanerozoic time, including the Late Neogene and Quaternary. Radiolarian biozonation schemes for this period have been developed, including a Standard Tropical Zonation, which illustrates the pan-oceanic application of radiolarian biostratigraphy to Pliocene–Quaternary sediments. The biostratigraphical resolution obtainable using Radiolaria is equivalent to other microfossil groups, such as planktonic foraminifera. The recognition of abundance events of Cycladophora davisiana, and of some other species, are an alternative radiolarian dating technique for the Pliocene–Quaternary, akin to dating sediment using oxygen stable isotope (δ18O) records and with similar resolution. A number of studies have used astronomical timescales, derived from orbitally tuning δ18O and gamma ray attenuation porosity evaluator (GRAPE) records, to provide ages for radiolarian biodatums. This approach should be adopted as a more accurate alternative to palaeomagnetic chronologies with their inherent flaws. This commentary concludes that Radiolaria are important microfossils and, as a group, continue to offer significant potential as a biostratigraphical tool in future studies of the marine Pliocene–Quaternary.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments"

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Baxter, Alan Thomas. "Applied radiolarian biostratigraphy and detrital mineral analysis of Mesotethyan and Neotethyan sediments from India and Tibet." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45587048.

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Ross, Marcus R. "Richness trends of mosasaurs (diapsida, squamata) during the late Cretaceous /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-digitalcommons.uri.edu.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3248241.

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Stritch, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Ann) Carleton University Dissertation Earth Sciences. "Early Cretaceous (Albian) foraminifera in Northwestern and Central Alberta, Canada; biostratigraphy and paleoenvironmental changes." Ottawa, 1997.

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Waite, Amanda J. "Top down and bottom up a comparison of nannofossil strontium/calcium and benthic foraminiferal accumulation rates as paleoproductivity indicators /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 3.19 Mb., 95p, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/1428257.

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Best, Mairi M. R. "Fates of skeletal carbonate in tropical marine siliciclastic and carbonate sediments, Panama /." 2000. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:9965048.

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Yi, Ul-Sung. "Stratigraphic and paleoenvironmental interpretation of coccoliths from ocean drilling program site 647, Labrador Sea /." 1989. http://collections.mun.ca/u?/theses,75032.

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Books on the topic "Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments"

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Shaw, Alan B. Distribution of mollusk shells in the sediments of Florida Bay. Ithaca, NY: Paleontological Research Institution, 2006.

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Campeau, S. Diatoms from the Beaufort Sea coast, southern Arctic Ocean (Canada): Modern analogues for reconstructing Late Quaternary environments and relative sea levels. Berlin: J. Cramer, 1999.

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Poore, Richard Z. Planktic foraminifer census data and [delta]18O and [delta]13C analyses of Globigerinoides ruber from Marine Isotope Stage 11 sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1002. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Poore, Richard Z. Planktic foraminifer census data and [delta]18O and [delta]13C analyses of Globigerinoides ruber from Marine Isotope Stage 11 sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1002. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Tröger, Karl-Armin. Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Santonian) inoceramid bivalve faunas from the island of Bornholm, Denmark: With a review of the Cenomanian-Santonian lithostratigraphic formations and locality details. København: Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, 1991.

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Smirnov, N. N. Istoricheskai︠a︡ ėkologii︠a︡ presnovodnykh zoot︠s︡enozov. Moskva: KMK. Tovarishchestvo nauch. izdaniĭ, 2010.

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Oliveira, Paulo Eduardo de, 1955- and Moreno Patiño Jorge Enrique, eds. Amazon pollen manual and atlas =: Manual e atlas palinológico da Amazônia. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Lan, Dongzhao. Nanhai wan di si ji chen ji gui zao. Xin hua shu dian Beijing fa xing suo fa xing, 1995.

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J, Schroeder, McMahon A, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Planktic foraminifer census data and [delta]18O and [delta]13C analyses of Globigerinoides ruber from Marine Isotope Stage 11 sediments from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1002. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 2000.

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Coccolith-bearing late middle Eocene kerogen shale, Tillamook Highlands, Northwest Oregon Coast Range. [Menlo Park, CA]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments"

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Pike, J., and C. E. Stickley. "DIATOM RECORDS | Diatom Fossil Records from Marine Laminated Sediments." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 554–61. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-53643-3.00226-0.

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Hallam, Tony. "Sea-level changes." In Catastrophes and Lesser Calamities. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198524977.003.0008.

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In earlier times many geologists clearly became cynical about what they had learned as students about Earth history from their stratigraphy courses. ‘The sea comes in, the sea goes out.’ This is indeed one of the most striking signals that emerges from study of the stratigraphic record in a given region: a succession of marine transgressions and regressions on the continents. Little scientific rigour was, however, applied to the subject, and students were left with no overarching explanation to provide any intellectual stimulation. Since the 1970s things have begun to change for the better, as less emphasis has been placed on learning the names of rock formations and fossil zones and more on the dynamic aspects of what to many ranks as a fascinating subject. This entails studying changing geographies and climates within a framework supplied by plate tectonics, the successions of strata being subjected to ever-more-rigorous sedimentological and geochemical analysis, and global correlation continually improved by further study of stratigraphically useful fossils. How do we infer sea-level changes from a given succession of sedimentary rocks? In essence we use facies analysis, which is based upon a careful study of the sediment types and structures, together with a study of the ecological aspects of the contained fossils, or palaeoecology. These features can be compared with those of similar sediments that are being deposited today, or similar organisms living today. Comparisons of this kind were practised by the likes of Cuvier as well as Lyell. Consider, for example, the Cretaceous succession in southern England. The oldest strata, well exposed on the coast from Sussex to Dorset, are known as the Wealden, and consist mainly of sandstones and siltstones that were deposited in a coastal plain (non-marine) setting. They are overlain by the Lower Greensand, a sandy unit of Aptian–Lower Albian age laid down in a very shallow marine environment. These conditions are revealed, not just by the types of fossils, which include the exclusively marine ammonites, but also by the distinctive green clay mineral glauconite, which gives its name to the rock formation and occurs today only in marine settings.
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Kemp, T. S. "Time and classification." In The Origin and Evolution of Mammals. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198507604.003.0005.

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The age and the classification of a particular fossil are the two fundamental properties necessary to begun understanding how it fits into the evolutionary patterns revealed by the fossil record. There are often misunderstandings of one or other of these by specialists. Evolutionary biologists on occasion express far too optimistic a view of how accurately fossils can actually be dated, both absolutely and relative to one another. Geologists have been known to have a rather limited view of how modern systematic methods are used to infer relationships from large amounts of information, be it morphological or molecular. In this chapter, a brief outline of the principles underlying the construction of the geological timescale, and of a classification are given, along with reference timescales and classifications for use throughout the following chapters. The creation of a timescale for dating the events recorded in the rocks since the origin of the Earth is one of the greatest achievements of science, unspectacular and taken for granted as it may often be. It is also unfinished business insofar as there are varying degrees of uncertainty and inaccuracy about the dates of many rock exposures, none more so than among the mostly continental, rather than marine sediments containing the fossils with which this work is concerned. A geological timescale is actually a compilation of the results of two kinds of study. One is recognising the temporal sequence of the rocks, and agreeing arbitrarily defined boundaries between the named rock units, the result of which is a chronostratic timescale. The other is calibration of the sequence and its divisions in absolute time units of years before present, a chronometric timescale. It is simple in principle to list the relative temporal order of events, such as the occurrence of fossils, in a single rock unit, although even here the possibility of missing segments, known as hiatuses, in local parts of the unit, or of complex folding movements of the strata disturbing the order must not be forgotten. The biggest problem is correlating relative dates between different units in different parts of the world.
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Gaines, Susan M., Geoffrey Eglinton, and Jürgen Rullkötter. "Early Life Revisited." In Echoes of Life. Oxford University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195176193.003.0016.

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That the evolution of organisms depends in large part on the evolution of their environment is something paleontologists have been noting since the early nineteenth century, and indeed, it is so inherent in Darwinian theory as to seem almost banal. That this dependency might have been two-way—that the earth’s minerals, atmosphere, oceans, and climate have been in large measure determined by the evolution of different life-forms—was somewhat harder to document and accept, partly because the most dramatic evidence was hidden, at the molecular level, in the elusive Precambrian rocks. The concept of the coevolution of Earth and life saw its first cohesive and most provocative expression when James Lovelock presented his Gaia hypothesis in the early 1970s, but not until the end of the twentieth century were the basic tenets of the hypothesis accepted as a valid theory. Lovelock began conceiving the Gaia hypothesis when he was designing instruments for NASA’s first extraterrestrial explorations and it occurred to him that, unlike the moon and Mars, the earth had an atmosphere composed of gases that couldn’t and wouldn’t coexist without life’s intervention. At the same time, a handful of paleontologists and geochemists had been conceiving similar if less provocatively formulated hypotheses based on their studies of the earth’s most ancient rocks and sediments. In 1979, a decade after Geoff, Thomas Hoering, and Keith Kvenvolden had more or less given up on the prospect of garnering clues about early life-forms from the fossil molecules in Archean and early Proterozoic rocks, one of those paleontologists inadvertently inspired a certain Australian chemist to give it another go. Roger Summons met the paleontologist Preston Cloud when Cloud was on sabbatical at the Australian Institute of Marine Science. Summons was working in the biology department at Australian National University and had been assigned to play guide and chauffeur for Andrew Benson, a visiting American plant physiologist who was staying out at the marine institute. “There was a couple living in the guesthouse next to us,” Summons tells me. “And this guy was a jogger. He’d leave every morning at 5:00 A.M. and run past the house, clump clump clump clump, and I’d wake up.”
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Conference papers on the topic "Radiolaria, Fossil. Marine sediments"

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Kim, Ah-Ram, Gye-Chun Cho, Joo-Yong Lee, and Se-Joon Kim. "Geomechanical Responses During Gas Hydrate Production Induced by Depressurization." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54217.

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Methane hydrate has been received large attention as a new energy source instead of oil and fossil fuel. However, there is high potential for geomechanical stability problems such as marine landslides, seafloor subsidence, and large volume contraction in the hydrate-bearing sediment during gas production induced by depressurization. In this study, a thermal-hydraulic-mechanical coupled numerical analysis is conducted to simulate methane gas production from the hydrate deposits in the Ulleung basin, East Sea, Korea. The field-scale axisymmetric model incorporates the physical processes of hydrate dissociation, pore fluid flow, thermal changes (i.e., latent heat, conduction and advection), and geomechanical behaviors of the hydrate-bearing sediment. During depressurization, deformation of sediments around the production well is generated by the effective stress transformed from the pore pressure difference in the depressurized region. This tendency becomes more pronounced due to the stiffness decrease of hydrate-bearing sediments which is caused by hydrate dissociation.
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