Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Radiolyse pulsée'
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El, Omar Abdel Karim. "Études des réactions primaires en solutions par la radiolyse pulsée picoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931405.
Full textColetta, Cecilia. "Study of growth mechanism of conducting polymers by pulse radiolysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS288/document.
Full textToday conductive polymers have many applications in several devices. For these reasons they have received much attention in recent years. Despite intensive research, the mechanism of conducting polymers growth is still poorly understood and the methods of polymerization are limited to two principal ways: chemical and electrochemical synthesis. On the other hand, the complex properties of polymers can be controlled only if a good knowledge of polymerization process is acquired. In this case, it is possible to control the process during the synthesis (functionalization, hydrophilicity, chain length, doping level), and consequently to improve the conductive properties of the synthesized polymers. Water radiolysis represents an easy and efficient method of synthesis comparing to chemical and electrochemical polymerization routes. It enables the polymerization under soft conditions: ambient temperature and pressure, without any external dopant.Among all conductive polymers, poly(3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT, a derivate of polythiophene) and polyPyrrole (PPy) have gained some large scale applications for their chemical and physical proprieties. The aim of the present work was the synthesis of PEDOT and PPy in aqueous solution and the study of their growth mechanism by pulsed radiolysis. Thanks to the electron accelerator ELYSE, the use of pulsed radiolysis coupled with time-resolved absorption spectroscopy allowed to study the kinetics of polymerization. The first transient species involved in the mechanism were identified by time resolved spectroscopy and the rate constants were determined.First, the reaction of hydroxyl radicals onto EDOT and Py monomers was studied, as well as the corresponding radiation induced polymerization. Then, the study was transposed to others oxidizing radicals such as CO3.-, N3. and SO4.- at different pHs. This approach allowed to check and to highlight the influence of oxidizing species onto the first transient species produced by monomers oxidation (radical cation, adduct or neutral radical) and onto the resulting morphology and properties of the radiosynthesized polymers. Finally, the electron beam was originally used as a simple electron irradiator in order to in situ synthesize PEDOT and PPy
Atinault, Elodie. "Etude de l'oxydation radiolytique de l'uranium de degré d'oxydation +IV par radiolyses pulsée et stationnaire induites par divers rayonnements : hélions, électrons accélérés et gamma." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2121.
Full textIn each step of the nuclear fuel cycle, the understanding of effects of ionizing radiations (alpha, beta, gamma) on some matters of which one of elements is uranium (U), has an important physical chemistry role. This work aims to understand the effect of these ionizing radiations on UIV and in particular, on its radiolytic oxidation. This one is inserted in an acidified aqueous solution (HCl) so as to stabilize this very unstable oxidation degree in the presence of O2 and by fixing the ionic strength (NaCl) for an easier comparison of the results. Firstly, the radiolytic oxidation of UIV had been observed during α and γ stationary radiolysis which informs on the overall balance of this reaction by measuring the radiolytic yields of disappearance for UIV and appearance for UVI under different atmospheres. Secondly, a picosecond pulse probe setup connected with the electron accelerator ELYSE had been developed in order to understand the mechanism of the oxidation initiated by low L. E. T particles of which the fastness is due to the high concentration of scavengers. The formation radiolytic yield of the hydroxyl radical HO• had been estimated. From this study, the oxidation mechanism of UIV had been deduced, confirmed then by some simulations. Thirdly, a transient spectroscopy setup linked with a hellion pulse beam had been established for the future adaptation and use on the cyclotron “ARRONAX”. The aim of this work is to prepare the arrival of this cyclotron in order to facilitate its installation and then, begin quickly the study of alpha pulse radiolysis
Ma, Jun. "Ultrafast Electron Transfer in Solutions Studied by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS023/document.
Full textThe interaction of energetic particles with water results in the excitation and ionization of water molecules. The ionization process refers to the generation of the excess electrons detached from their parent molecules and leaving behind the positive hole (denoted as H₂O•⁺). This occurs on the timescale of an electronic transition ~10⁻¹⁵ s. The earliest chemical processes of H₂O•⁺ and excess electron towards other matter followed water ionizing in bulk still remain relative little known and constitute a challenging subject in radiation chemistry. In my thesis, picosecond pulse radiolysis techniques were used to observe the kinetics of the SO₄•⁻, H₂PO₄• in highly concentrated sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid solutions over a large range of concentrations (from 1 mol L⁻¹ to neat acid). The experimental results showed clearly that the secondary radical of sulfuric (SO₄•⁻) and phosphoric acid (H₂PO₄•) can be formed via two mechanisms: direct electron detachment by the electron pulse (7 ps) and ultrafast electron transfer from the solutes to the radical cation of water H₂O•⁺. The reactivity of the strongest oxidizing species, H₂O•⁺ towards the solutes in highly concentrated aqueous solutions is quantitatively demonstrated
Rotureau, Patricia. "Etude de la radiolyse de l'eau en milieu poreux." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EVRY0013.
Full textThe understanding of the production of H2 in the radiolysis of water confined into pores of concrete is importante for the disposal of radioactive waste. In order to describe the mecanisms of water radiolysis in such heterogeneous porous systems we have studied the behaviour under gamma radiation of water confined in porous silica glasses with pores going from 8 to 300 nm of diameter and mesoporous molecular sieves (MCM-41). The radiolytic yields of hydroxyl radicals, hydrated electron and dihydrogen, have been determined with respect to the pore size of materials. The increase of these radiolytic yields compared to those of free water allowed us to show a charge transfer from silica to confined water. On the other hand the kinetics of hydrated electron reactions measured by pulse radiolysis are not modified
Durot, Stéphanie. "Modélisation du site actif de la superoxyde dismutase à manganèse : synthèse de ligands N-tripodaux, préparation de complexes de manganèse, caractérisations structurales et physico-chimiques : réactivité vis-à-vis du superoxyde." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112177.
Full textSuperoxide dismutases (SOD) protect cells against superoxide as they catalyse its dismutation to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The purpose of this work was the synthesis of biomimetic manganese complexes, their characterization and the study of their reactivity towards superoxide. Nitrogen-centered tripodal ligands mimicking the active site of manganese SOD have been chosen. Manganese complexes have been crystallised and characterised by X-ray diffraction, electronic and EPR spectroscopy and by cyclic voltammetry. Obtained structures are various, and magnetic properties of complexes with carboxylato bridges have been studied. In anhydrous DMSO, the complexes [Mn(IPG)(CH3OH)]n(PF6)n and [Mn(BIG)(H2O)2]2(PF6)2 react with superoxide and form di-mu-oxo dimers [MnIII(O)2MnIV]+, showing that superoxide enters the coordination sphere of manganese(II). The complexes [Mn(BMPG)(H20)]n(PF6)n and [Mn(TMIMA)2](PF6)2 react with superoxide without the formation of any dimer, probably owing to the steric congestion of the metal environment. The presence of water linked to manganese induce a difference in the observed stoechiometry that have been rationalised. IC50 values range between 0. 7 and 4. 2. 10^-6 mol. L^-1, demonstrating that synthesised complexes are good SOD mimics in aqueous solution. The linear correlation obtained between the anodic potential of complexes and their activity shows that the kinetically limiting step is the manganese(II) oxidation. Finally, by pulse radiolysis, kinetic constants k_cat for two complexes have been measured and two intermediates, one being an adduct [MnII(IPG)O2]̄ formed with a rate of 4. 10^8 L. Mol^-1. S^-1, have been characterised during the reaction of [Mn(IPG)(CH3OH)]n(PF6)n with superoxide. A detailed catalytic mechanism have been proposed
Mozziconacci, Olivier. "One electron transfers in the enkephalins." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112010.
Full textThe enkephalins are natural penta-peptides discovered by Hughes and Kosterlitz in 1974. The most widespread sequences in the human being are Leucine-enkephaline (YGGFL) and Methionine-enkephalin (YGGFM). The biological activities of these molecules are still badly known. Nevertheless they were recently observed in the control of various metabolic systems: the control of the pain, the behaviour, the immune system, intestinal absorption. Their action goes through structural recognition by cellular receptors known as opiates, able to fix molecules such as morphine, thebaine, methadone…. In the sequence of the enkephalins, tyrosine, phenylalanine and methionine are the main amino acids. Tyrosine is in N-terminal position in the sequence of the enkephalins. This situation makes tyrosine essential in the recognition of the enkephalins by the opiates receptors. Its deterioration can thus have serious metabolic consequences. When a methionine moiety is oxidized into methionine sulfoxide this oxidation results in many proteins in a loss of biological activity. The objectives of this study go on four points. I) the hydroxylation of the tyrosine and phenylalanine residues by HO. Radicals, ii) oxidation of methionine by HO. Radicals; iii) the role of the terrminal amine in the mechanism of oxidation of tyrosine and iv) reduction of the methionine residue by the hydrogen atom. Two techniques were jointly used, pulse radiolysis and gamma irradiation. The oxidation of tyrosine by HO. In Leucine-enkephaline generates primarily the formation of dityrosine and derived DOPA-Leu-enképhaline. With Methionine-enkephalin, the major product is the dityrosine. The formation of Methionine-sulfoxide-enkephalin could not be observed. In the absence of methionine, by blocking the ortho- positions of tyrosine, the hydroxylation occurs exclusively on phenylalanine to form the ortho-, meta- and para- tyrosine. After having protected the terminal amine with the tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc), we compared the results of the oxidation of Met-enkephalin and of its derivative Boc-N-Met-enkephalin in the presence of azide radicals and superoxide. With Met-enkephalin, the N-terminal amine is involved in a reaction of Michael addition onto the cycle of tyrosine involving an irreversible modification of the structure. If the N-terminal amine is protected (Boc-N-Met-enkephalin), the Michael addition cannot be done. The peptide is then regenerated. The same conclusions are valid for Leu-enkephalin and Boc-N-Leu-enkephalin. The reaction of reduction by the hydrogen atom was performed with Methionine-enkephalin. Using vesicles made up of the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), the percentage of cis-trans isomerization of the POPC was correlated with the formation of the thiyl radical (. SCH3). The formation of the amino-butyric-Met-enkephalin acid resulting from the cleavage of the thiyl radical from the side chain of methionine was highlighted. In conclusion, three essential statements can be made. The protection of the terminal amine allows the regeneration of the enkephalins during oxidation in the presence of superoxide. The oxidation of methionine by the HO. Radicals in Met-enkephalin does not create methionine-sulfoxide-enkephalin. During the reduction of Met-enkephalin by the hydrogen atoms the thiyl radical (. SCH3) is formed. Atom. Two techniques were jointly used, pulse radiolysis and gamma irradiation. The oxidation of tyrosine by HO. In Leucine-enkephaline generates primarily the formation of dityrosine and derived DOPA-Leu-enképhaline. With Methionine-enkephalin, the major product is the dityrosine. The formation of Methionine-sulfoxide-enkephalin could not be observed. In the absence of methionine, by blocking the ortho- positions of tyrosine, the hydroxylation occurs exclusively on phenylalanine to form the ortho-, meta- and para- tyrosine. After having protected the terminal amine with the tert-butoxycarbonyl group (Boc), we compared the results of the oxidation of Met-enkephalin and of its derivative Boc-N-Met-enkephalin in the presence of azide radicals and superoxide. With Met-enkephalin, the N-terminal amine is involved in a reaction of Michael addition onto the cycle of tyrosine involving an irreversible modification of the structure. If the N-terminal amine is protected (Boc-N-Met-enkephalin), the Michael addition cannot be done. The peptide is then regenerated. The same conclusions are valid for Leu-enkephalin and Boc-N-Leu-enkephalin. The reaction of reduction by the hydrogen atom was performed with Methionine-enkephalin. Using vesicles made up of the 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC), the percentage of cis-trans isomerization of the POPC was correlated with the formation of the thiyl radical (. SCH3). The formation of the amino-butyric-Met-enkephalin acid resulting from the cleavage of the thiyl radical from the side chain of methionine was highlighted. In conclusion, three essential statements can be made. The protection of the terminal amine allows the regeneration of the enkephalins during oxidation in the presence of superoxide. The oxidation of methionine by the HO. Radicals in Met-enkephalin does not create methionine-sulfoxide-enkephalin. During the reduction of Met-enkephalin by the hydrogen atoms the thiyl radical (. SCH3) is formed
Tahri, Zakaria. "Propriétés optiques des agrégats d’argent et de cuivre stabilisés dans des nanocristaux de zéolithes en suspensions colloïdales : étude par radiolyse stationnaire et impulsionnelle." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112142.
Full textThis manuscript describes the study by pulse and gamma radiolysis of particles of silver and copper formation in colloidal suspensions of zéolites nanocrystals. This work is part of broader development of new materials that combine controlled microporosity of zeolithes on the one hand , and the physicochemical properties of metallic clusters of nanometric size on the other band. The colloidal zeolites are particularly well suited to the elaboration of thin films for many applications in the field of catalysis, electrocatalysis, or sensors. For these achievements, the size and distribution of nanoparticles in the zeolite matrix are important parameters. Knowledge of the mechanisms of formation of aggregates may thus help to optimize the performance of these new materials. In the first part of this thesis, the study by gamma radiation of the reduction of the Ag+ and Cu2+ cations inserted by ion exchange in the pores of zeolite nonocrystals in presented. The results reported relate to different types of zeolithe (FAU,GIS,LTA and BEA) and sizes of crystals in suspension ranging from 20 to 80 nm. The nanoparticles of silver and copper were charaterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy as a function of irradiation conditions. The reduction of Ag+ cations systematically leads to the formation of stable metal particles. The absorption spectra of irradiated colloidal suspensions show that the Plasmon resonance of silver particles, and thus the electronic properties related to the shape and environment of aggregates vary considerably depending on irradiation conditions. These effects are more pronounced in the case of the system cu2+/zeolite in wich are observed the formation of copper oxide species, CU₂O, or metal clusters Cun. In second part of the thesis, we studied by pulse radiolysis using a laser triggered electron accelerator (ELYSE) coupled to a set up for nanosecond transient absorption, the early stages of nucleation and coalescence of silver clusters. The kinetics of reduction of Ag+ cations in the zeolite matrix by the solvated electrons formed by radiolysis of the colloidal suspension was followed at 650 nm (absorption of the solvated electron)and at 275,310 and 360 nm, characteristic absorption of the free atom and money aggregates (Ag0, Ag2+ Ag3 2+. )under different experimental conditions. The silver atom (Ag0) is the first transient species formed by reduction of the cation. Its lifetime is several µs prior to aggregate with a Ag+ cation bound to the zeolitic matrix to form the dimer Ag 2+ and species of larger size. The kinetics differs significantly from those observed for free Ag+ cations in solution. The mobility of Ag+cations , of atoms and aggregates of silver in the matrix appear to be determining factor in the mechanism of nucleation and growth in the microporous medium
Balcerzyk, Anna. "Steady state and picosecond pulse radiolysis study of highly concentrated aqueous solutions." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112306.
Full textThe mechanism of water radiolysis is well established. As a result of the action of ionizing radiation on pure water, radicals and molecular products such as solvated electrons, hydrogen atoms, hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and hydronium ions are formed. When highly concentrated solutions are irradiated, the outcome of irradiation is changed due to the important fraction of energy being absorbed by the solute which in the case of diluted solutions is skipped. Products of solvent radiolysis may react with the molecules of the solute leading to the change in their yields and moreover, may cause changes in the mechanism of solvent radiolysis. The action of ionizing radiation on highly concentrated solutions is named direct action of radiation. The understanding of direct effect of ionizing radiation is very important in several aspects, for example in nuclear energy, or radiotherapy or radiobiology. The aim of this work was to understand the mechanism and quantify the direct action of ionizing radiation in model systems such as highly concentrated sodium bromide and sodium chloride solutions. Firstly, by performing gamma radiolysis of highly concentrated solution of sodium bromide we quantify the yield of direct ionization of bromide ions for different experimental conditions.Secondly, by carrying out picosecond pulse radiolysis of aqueous solutions of NaCl, NaBr, and HNO3, we showed the direct ionization of the solute after the passage of electron beam. On the base of recorded kinetics, we showed that the formation of Br2•-, Cl2•-, NO3• takes place during the electron pulse. Picosecond pulse radiolysis allowed us to conclude that two ways of formation of Br2•- and Cl2•- exist. The first results from the direct ionization of the solute. The second results from the change in the mechanism of water radiolysis due to the high concentration of halide ions around the molecules of ionized water. Our results show that the formation of HO• radical in highly concentrated solutions is marginal and only stem from the dissociation of excited water, since the molecules of ionized water react with halide ions instead of hydronium ions leading to the formation of HO• hydroxyl radical
Mokrini, Redouane. "Mécanismes radicalaires dans la dégradation de composes phénoliques en chimie sous rayonnement : radiolyse gamma des chalcones et de l’acide férulique en solutions alcooliques." Limoges, 2006. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/05da88bf-d6ce-4890-b42e-8de3e79a4c60/blobholder:0/2006LIMO300A.pdf.
Full textIn regards to the previous studies carried out in our group (Biomolécules - EA 1085) on the radiolysis of phenolic compounds, we studied gamma radiolysis of a series of flavonoid compounds. We focused on their reactivity with the free radicals formed in the irradiated solvents. Those radicals are the carbon centered 1-hydroxymethyl radical (HMR), 1-hydroxyethyl radical (HER) and their oxygen centered isomers. Such free radicals are implicated in different diseases. Flavonoids are natural antioxidants consumed in diets rich in fruit, vegetables, spices and beverages like tea and red wine. The radiolysis of four flavonols, six chalcones and one dihydrochalcone is presented here. Molecules were dissolved in alcohols (methanol/ethanol) with different concentrations from 5x10-5M to 10-2M, in aerated and deaerated solution. The irradiation is carried out with gamma radiations from a 60Co source, with dose ranging from 0,1 kGy to 24 kGy. The HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) analysis of the irradiated solutions exhibits a decrease in chalcone concentration and the formation of new radiolytic products. The analytical study demonstrated that chalcone radiolysis is a concentration and dose dependent process. The radiolytic products have been isolated, purified and identified by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). On the basis of the chemical structure of those compounds, we proposed that the degradation mechanism starts by a HMR or HER attack of the α,β double bond, followed by addition and cyclization reactions the role of oxygen has also been investigated, and oxygen molecules appear to protect chalcones against the radical attack. A detailed mechanism of transformation of chalcones is proposed. We then studied the effects of gamma irradiation on orange juice focusing on the variation in phenolic contents. Ferulic acid (a phenolic acid) appeared to be degraded in the irradiated orange juice. This acid mimics half of a chalcone (presence of α,β-unsaturated bond and an aromatic ring). This led us to study the radiolysis of ferulic acid in alcohol solution. In agreement with the chalcone degradation, the identified radiolytic products of ferulic acid were formed after the radical attack of the α,β double bond and addition of the different radical species present in the irradiated solutions. All of these results are considered as the first step in order to understand the behavior of phenolic compounds in irradiated fruits
Machtalère, Georges. "Activation par radio-réduction d'un antibiotique antitumoral : la mitomycine C." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112290.
Full textBenoit, Roland. "Nanoparticules de bismuth : synthèse, caractérisation et nouvelles propriétés." Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2082.
Full textRenou, Franck. "Formation et réactivité de la paire électron solvaté-métal alcalino-terreux bivalent dans le tétrahydrofuranne : étude par radiolyse impulsionnelle." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112222.
Full textThe reactivity of solvated electrons toward magnesium salts, and more generally, toward earth-alkaline metals has not yet been studied until those days. For magnesium, the formation of the unusual valence state is of interest because its nature and properties are at the center of mechanistics models on the formation of Grignard reagents, or organomagnesians, by which the metallic magnesium (valence 0) becomes divalent. We have conducted series of experiments in order to characterize this species by following the reaction of divalent magnesium salt (chloride or perchlorate) toward solvated electron generated by pulse radiolysis in tetrahydrofuran and some solvents for comparison. We showed experimentally and theoritically that there is formation of a pair solvated electron - metallic ion. This pair is obtained with perchlorates salts, then we followed its decay lasting few hundreds nanoseconds with a first order kinetic. This transient, whatever that would be the metal, has a broad spectrum which is composed by two bands around 1000 nm. It indicates the presence of a pair rather than a monovalent cation. SCF calculations confirmed it was the formation of a pair. This solvated electron - cation pair, even it has a short time life, has its own reactivity. We observed its capacity to reduce aromatic molecules (biphenyl, anthracen, chrysen, phenanthren and tetracen) and so we have estimated its redox potential which is include between - 2. 8 and - 2. 6 V_HNE. Furthermore, we brought out the reduction of alkyle halide (alkylic, phenylic and benzylic compounds) by the pair and the break of carbon-halogen bond which is corresponding to a step in the synthesis of Grignard reagents. In all cases, we determined mechanisms and kinetics of these different reactions
Ghalei, Mohammad. "Study of the speciation of Tc and its homologous Mn and Re in concentrated carbonate solution under γ and He2+ irradiation." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0226/document.
Full textThis project is one part of the fundamental study and deals with theoxidation/reduction reactions and speciation of technetium and its homologous manganese and rhenium in highly concentrated carbonate solutions under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. Firstly the electrochemistry experiment is carried out for the reduction of Mn(VII) in order to obtain the best experimental conditions. As the experiments are performed under irradiation, the carbonate radicals,which are produced by radiolysis, play an important role in the reactions. The formation and decay kinetics of the carbonate radicals in concentrated carbonate solutions were studied by electron picosecond pulse radiolysis. The reduction of Mn(VII) and the oxidation of Mn(II) experiments in carbonate solution ([CO₃²⁻] = 5 mol.l⁻¹) are carried out under γ and He²⁺ irradiation. By the obtained data from the produced H₂, UV-Vis spectra and the final structure determination, the mechanisms of the reaction are discussed. Re(III)is oxidized easily in concentrated carbonate solution under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) but Re(VII) cannot be reduced unless addition of formate in order to prevent carbonate radical formation. Also Tc(VII) cannot be reduced in concentrated carbonate solutions under irradiation (γ and He²⁺) without formate addition. The oxidation state of the final product of reduction of Tc(VII) was determined by XANES spectroscopy and is +IV. Moreover, the final structure of the product was determined by EXAFS spectroscopy. The mechanisms of reaction, decay and formation radiolytic yield of Tc and also the effect of concentration of carbonate on final product of reduction ofTc(VII) under irradiation are discussed
Lapuerta, Sandrine. "Étude de la corrosion du fer à l'interface de différents milieux (eau, air) soumis à l'irradiation de protons." Lyon 1, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/96/97/PDF/these_S_lapuerta.pdf.
Full textBonnot, Florence. "Superoxyde réductase : mécanisme de transfert d'électrons vers le site actif et rôle de la lysine 48 dans la catalyse." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10227.
Full textSuperoxide reductase (SOR) is a metalloprotein which catalyses the reduction of the radical superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Its active site is constituted by a mononuclear iron center pentacoordinated [FeHisN4CysS1]. For its catalytic activity, SOR requires physiological partners as electron donor (cellular reductases). SORs of Class 1, such as that of Desulfoarculus baarsii, possess besides the active site, an additional iron center, rubredoxin [Fe(SCys)4] type, which does not react with the superoxide and with an unknown function. We showed that this rubredoxin center plays a role of electronic relay between reductases and the active site of the SOR. However, we show that this electron transfer between the rubredoxin center and the active site is not intramolecular but intermolecular, between two molecules of SOR. We propose that the presence of this iron center allows the SOR to adapt to various cellular reductases in order to optimize its detoxification activity. The catalytic mechanism of the SOR had been studied by pulsed radiolysis. We show that the previous studies on the SOR from D. Baarsii were perturbed by a photochemical phenomenon, resulting from a particular property of one of the key reaction intermediates of the catalytic cycle. The reaction mechanism has been reinvestigated in the absence of this photochemical effect and allowed us to propose a new reaction mechanism of reduction of the superoxide by the SOR of D. Baarsii. Our studies on the SOR mutant K48I of D. Baarsii allowed us to bring to light the essential role of that lysine 48 in the protonation of the reaction intermediate Fe3+-hydroperoxyde. In absence of this lysine, we observed a modification of the reactivity of this reaction intermediate, which does not drive any more to the formation of the product of the reaction H2O2. We showed that the species Fe3+-hydroperoxyde formed within this mutant is then capable to carry out specific reactions of oxidation, such the transformation of thioanisole methyl phenyl sulfoxyde. Our data strongly suggest that in absence of this lysine, the intermediate Fe3+-hydroperoxide evolves towards a high degree oxidation species, iron-oxo type, strongly oxidizing, responsible for these oxidations. So, the lysine 48 appears as an essential residue, which allows the SOR to direct the evolution of the intermediary Fe3+-hydroperoxyde to the production of H2O2, rather than to the formation of high-valent iron-oxo species, as observed in the cytochrome P450 oxygenases
Bonnot, Florence. "Superoxyde réductase : Mécanisme de transfert d'électrons vers le site actif et rôle de la lysine 48 dans la catalyse." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00470411.
Full textFackir, Lahcen. "Etude par radiolyse en milieu ethanolique du mecanisme d'oxydoreduction radicalaire de la vitamine k." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S010.
Full textJore, Daniel. "Etude par radiolyse des mecanismes radicalaires d'oxydo-reduction de la vitamine e." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S010.
Full textGrzesiak, Stany. "Cinétique du développement d'agrégats d'argent produits dans des suspensions aqueuses de AgCl en présence d'un révélateur : étude par radiolyse pulsée et simulation numérique." Paris 11, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA112124.
Full textSilver clusters are widely used in the photographic processes. They compose the latent image which is come out thanks to a chemical reduction. In this work, clusters are created at the surface of AgC1 particles held in suspension in water. The pulse radiolysis is used to achieve the Ag+ reduction into Agʿ by means of an accelerator of electrons. A chemical compound that works as a developer is also added : the methylviologen. The absorption spectrophotometry shows what occurs with time. The redox potentials lead the reactions, and, in particular, the potentials of the small silver clusters which depend on the nuclearity. The development starts when the size of a cluster is high enough so that its redox potential gets superior to the one of the methylviologen. The dates show on the one hand how the radiolytic species can alter the electron transfers and the silver reduction, and on the other hand, how the main parameters, such as the dose of irradiation or the concentrations of the developer and AgCl, influence the growth of the clusters. Two kinds of process are described according to the mono or the bi-electronic behavior of the developer. A general mechanism has been established from the radiolytic reactions upto the final state of the clusters. The kinetics have been studied through digital Simulations. A model that limits the growth by the diffusion between the developer and the electron acceptor locations was once tested. However, a second model makes the digital results fit better the experimental ones. This model uses a zero-order kinetic and the developer desorption from the AgC1 particles surface as a speed limitation, which provides accurate curves and effects of any variation of the parameters. Concurrently, a new experimental set has been carried out so as to enable the clusters photo-ionization. A software that allows to save the curves recorded on a digital oscilloscope and to computerize them, was also achieved
Vichot, Laurent. "Spéciation du technétium en milieu chloro-sulfaté : contribution à l'étude des effets de la radiolyse gamma." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA112273.
Full text99Tc is one of the most important fission products of the nuclear industry. In spite of recent revue on the technetium chemistry, numerous data are missing. Our interest was to shed light on the behavior of technetium in reducing media rich in SO42- et Cl- ion. We have attempted to prepare sulfate compounds of technetium using ligands exchange and reduction of TcO4- in sulfate media. For pH 0 to 4, one reduced species of technetium is formed in solution regardless to considered media. The analysis of the structure shows that the formula Tc(OH)2(SO4)22- given in the literature can not be retained. TcnIVOy(4n-2y)+ formula is proposed. XAS study shows thar within the complex formed the technetium is surround by 6 O at 1. 87 to 2. 04 Å and a first Tc neighbour at 2. 51-2. 54 Å. The position of the atoms of oxygen leads to the formation of such T(mu-O)2Tc bonds similar to those observed for the product obtained by the precipitation of Tc(IV) in basic media. In such way, TcnIVOy(4n-2y)+ can be considered as a precursor of TcO2. XH2O at pH superior at 3. .
Sedmidubská, Barbora. "The role of the low-energy electrons in the process of radiosensitization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF069.
Full textIn concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT), there is an effort to increase its effectiveness and alleviate toxicity for healthy cells. It may be achieved via synergism and targeted drug delivery (TDD). TDD is the selective drug transport to sites of interest, protecting healthy tissue from chemotherapeutic toxicity. The synergism, the highest chemoradioterapeutic effect, results from complex interactions between both treatment modalities, as the interaction of the radiosensitizing chemo-drug with secondary low-energy electrons (LEEs) arising in irradiated tissue. In light of that work focuses on the radiosensitization process to investigate the radiosensitizing potential and mechanisms of selected molecules based on interaction with LEE; there is an aim to obtain new information to design more effective radiosensitizers with lower toxicity. The theoretical part deals with existing radiosensitizers and their model compounds from the point of view of interaction with LEEs. The experimental part combines electron attachment experiments in the gas phase and ab initio calculations of electron affinities of studied molecules, pulse radiolysis experiments in solution, and microtron irradiation with NMR spectroscopic evaluation. Based on the study of interaction with (secondary) LEEs, the radiosensitizing potential was confirmed for the antiviral agent favipiravir; significant interaction was proven for radiosensitizing chemotherapeutic RRx-001 as well, so as a strong interaction of solvated electrons with fullerenols as a radiosensitizing carrier drug for TGM in CCRT
Konkomitantní chemoradioterapie je jedna z důležitých metod léčby rakoviny. Stále existuje snaha zvýšit její účinnost a udržet toxicitu pro zdravé buňky na snesitelné úrovni. Její největší výhodou je synergický efekt plynoucí z mnoha komplexních interakcí mezi oběma léčebnými přístupy (tzn. chemoterapie a radioterapie). Bylo ukázáno, že jednou z příčin synergismu může být interakce chemosložky (tzv. radiosensitizéru) se sekundárními nízkoenergetickými elektrony vznikajícími v hojném počtu během radiolýzy v ozářené tkáni. V této práci se zaměřuji na proces radiosensitizace s cílem prozkoumat radiosensitizační potenciál molekul a odhalit radiosensitizační mechanismy na bázi jejich interakce s nízkoenergetickými elektrony. Motivací této práce bylo získat nové informace pro návrh nových a více účinných radiosensitizérů s menší toxicitou. Práce sestává z teoretické a experimentální části. Teoretická část je postavena na rešerši již existujících radiosensitizérů a jejich modelových sloučenin z pohledu interakce s nízkoenergetickými elektrony. Experimentální část kombinuje experimenty elektronového záchytu v plynné fázi na dvou experimentálních zařízeních, experimenty pulsní radiolýzy v roztoku, dále ozařování na mikrotronu s NMR spektroskopickým vyhodnocením a ab-initio výpočty elektronových afinit studovaných molekul a jejích fragmentů. V této práci bylo studováno antivirotikum favipiravir, pro který jsme na základě interakce s nízkoenergetickými elektrony potvrdili jeho radiosensitizační potenciál. Také byl zkoumán mechanismus radiosensitizace již potvrzeného radiosensitizéru a zároveň chemoterapeutika RRx-001 z pohledu jeho možné interakce se sekundárními nízkoenergetickými elektrony, která byla v této práci potvrzena. Nakonec byla odhalena silná interakce solvatovaných elektronů s fullerenoly studovanými pro použití v rámci platformy, která by prokazovala citlivost na nízkoenergetické elektrony a užívala by se pro dodávání léků v rámci konkomitantní chemoradiační terapii
Sekaki, Abdelhafid. "Etude par radiolyses pulsee et gamma de la chimie radicalaire de certains composes antitumoraux appartenant a la famille des ellipticines : influence de l'oxygene." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S011.
Full textVarious ellipticine derivatives are well known for their cytotoxic and antitumoral properties. The hypothesis for a metabolic oxidative activation in vivo of these substances has been suggested. Thus the one electron oxidation of four of these comprounds by OH* free radicals has been studied to determine the behaviour of their oxidized transient forms towards oxygen and superoxyde free radical at pH7. This work was performed by pulse radiolysis and gamma radiolysis. By pulse radiolysys, we have characterized the free radicals by their absorption spectra. The rate constants of formation and decay of these radicals were determined. In the presence of oxygen and superoxide radical, the behaviour of these free radicals was different. One of them was oxidized by superoxide radical where as the three others reacted with oxygen giving peroxy free radicals. The rate constants of these processes were determined. By gamma radiolysis, we have completed and confirmed the pulse radiolysis results. These findings should be taken into account for understanding radical mechanisms which should be implicated in vivo in the metabolic activation of these drugs
Bonnefont-Rousselot, Dominique. "Contribution a l'etude de la peroxydation des lipoproteines de basse densite par des radicaux libres oxygenes produits par radiolyse gamma." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05S002.
Full textWang, Furong. "Reactivity of the Solvated Electron, the Hydroxyl Radical and its Precursor in Deuterated Water Studied by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS399/document.
Full textPicosecond pulse radiolysis measurements were performed in neat D₂O and D₂SO₄/D₂O system in order to study the isotopic effect on the reactivity of the solvated electron(es⁻), the hydroxyl radical (OH•) and its precursor—water cation radical (H₂O•⁺). In D₂O system, the molar absorption coefficient spectra of spectrum in D₂O was determined between 250 to 1500 nm using the isosbestic point method. Based on this extinction coefficient, the radiolytic yield of es⁻ in D₂O just after the 7 ps electron pulse was determined to be (4.4 ± 0.2) × 10⁻⁷ mol J⁻¹, which coincides with the one for in H₂O. The yield of the radical OD• just after the 7 ps electron pulse was found to be (5.0 ± 0.2) × 10⁻⁷ mol J⁻¹. In the spurs of ionization, the decay rate of es⁻ is slower in D₂O than that in H₂O, whereas the decay rate of OD• is similar to the one of OH•. In D₂SO₄/D₂O system, the reactivity of and D₂O•⁺ was probed in deuterated sulfuric acid solutions of various concentrations and compared with that of H2O•⁺. The oxidized solute sulfate radical was observed at 7 ps and remarkably higher yields are found in deuterated solutions. The isotopic effects reveal the competition between two ultrafast reactions: proton transfer toward H₂O (D₂O) and electron transfer from H₂SO4⁻ to H₂O•⁺ (D₂O•⁺). Density functional theory simulations decipher the electron transfer mechanism: it proceeds via sub-femtosecond charge migration and is not affected by isotopic substitution
Torche, Fayçal. "Contribution à l'étude des électrons solvatés dans l’eau et les alcools et des processus radiolytiques dans les carbonates organiques par radiolyse impulsionnelle picoseconde." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112132/document.
Full textThis work is part of the study area of the interaction of radiation with polar liquids. Using the picosecond electron accelerator ELYSE, studies were conducted using the techniques of pulse radiolysis combined with absorption spectrophotometry Time-resolved in the field of a picosecond.This work is divided into two separate chapters. The first study addresses the temporal variation of the radiolytic yield of solvated electron in water and simple alcohols. Due to original detection system mounted on the accelerator ELYSE, composed of a flash lamp specifically designed for the detection and a streak-camera used for the first time in absorption spectroscopy, it was possible to record the time-dependent radiolytic yields of the solvated electron from ten picoseconds to a few hundred nanoseconds. The scavenging of the electron solvated by methyl viologen, was utilized to reevaluate the molar extinction coefficient of the absorption spectrum of solvated electron in water and ethanol from isobestic points which corresponds to the intersection of the absorption spectra of solvated electron which disappears and methyl viologen which is formed during the reaction.The second chapter is devoted to the study of liquid organic carbonates such as dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC) and propylene carbonate (PC). This family of carbonate wich compose the electrolytes lithium batteries, has never been investigated by pulse radiolysis. The studies were focused on the PC in the light of these physicochemical characteristics, including its very high dielectric constant (64) and its strong dipole moment of 4.9 D. The first results were obtained on aqueous solutions containing propylene carbonate to observe the reactions of reduction and oxidation of PC by radiolytic species of water (solvated electron and OH radicals). Then, after the identification (spectral and kinetic) of the species formed by interaction with the OH radical as the PC• radical resulting from the abstraction of a H from the molecule of PC and the species formed by the interaction with electron as the anion aqueous PC-, other measurements were made in the pure liquid and in the presence of some electron interceptors (biphenyl, anthracene, naphthalene). They give access to the radiolytic yield of PC- and the evaluation of its redox potential. The first results of the DEC and the DMC are also outlined in this section, the pure solvent and then in the presence of biphenyl
Mirdamadi, Esfahani Malaknaz. "Effets de l'environnement sur les propriétés physico-chimiques des atomes d'argent et des nanoparticules mono-et bimétalliques à base d'or : étude par radiolyse pulsée et stationnaire." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112010.
Full textThe aim of the present work was to study the physico-chemical properties of silver atoms, monometallic and gold-based bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized by the radiation chemical reduction method. In the first part of thesis, we studied the effects of bromide ligands on the kinetics and spectral properties of the silver atom complex. The rate constant for the reduction of AgIBr43- in aqueous solution was determined by pulse radiolysis and the redox potential of the couples AgIBr43-/Ag0Br44- and AgIBr43-/ Ag0 + Br44- were estimated with the help of thermodynamic cycles. Comparison of the obtained values indicates that the redox potential of the silver atom couple is lowered by bromide ligands and the formation of Ag0Br44- is more favourable than a free silver atom. In the second part, the effects of stabilizing agents on optical, structural and electrocatalytic properties of monometallic nanoparticles, such as gold and iron and bimetallic nanoparticles systems, Au/Fe and Au/Pt, prepared by gamma-radiolysis were studied. Our results offer a new strategy to present the effectiveness of the stabilizing agents in the process of metal ion reduction, in the nanoparticles morphology (shape and size) as well as in the elementary composition of bimetallic nanoparticles. This study indicates that the radiolysis method, which we used for the nanoparticles synthesis, allow us to obtain gold based bimetallic nanoparticles that showed an excellent electrocatalytic activity toward reduction of oxygen and proton as well as oxidation of methanol. Our results show that these systems are very promising for application in fuel cells
Luna, Barron Ana Laura. "Synthesis and characterization of new modified photocatalysts for environmental and energy applications." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS105/document.
Full textNowadays, environment pollution and energy crisis are widely concerned all over the world. It is an urgent task to develop environment-friendly technologies for alternative clean energies. Photocatalysis is one of the most promising methods for such subjects. The most used semiconductor in photocatalysis is TiO₂ due to its excellent physical and chemical properties, high availability and low cost. The modification of TiO₂ with metal nanoparticles has demonstrated have a beneficial effect in the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂.Identifying the factors that govern the kinetics of the photocatalytic processes and understanding the role that metal nanoparticles play is inherent to achieve the desired goal of developing more efficient photocatalytic systems.Although great strides have been made in the study of the effect of surface modification of TiO₂ with mono- and bimetallic NPs on its photocatalytic activity, a lot still remains unknown. Most of the investigations have been based on the study of kinetics or mechanisms involved in photocatalysis. There are few reported studies, which integrate the absorption, dynamics of charge carriers and photocatalytic activity.The later has motivated the development of the present work, having the main objective to study systematically the effect of metal NPs on titania surface in the three principals steps of the photocatalytic processes: (1) absorption of light (generation of electron-hole pair), (2) dynamic of charge carriers, and (3) efficiency of the photocatalytic activity
Abedinzadeh, Zohreh. "Etude cinetique de la reaction du glutathion avec l'eau oxygenee : contribution a l'etude de la chimie radicalaire du glutathion." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05S008.
Full textGlutathione, GSH, is a submajor constituent of all cells and is always the major non protein thiol compound present in cells. Nucleophilic and reductant propreity of thiol group confers to glutathione a veriety of roles, the most important, is the reduction of hydrogen peroxyde mediated by glutathione peroxidase. This reaction converts glutathione to glutathione disulfide. However the mechanism of two electron oxidation of GSH/Gssc is not well known. Kinetics study of oxidation of glutathion by H2O2, for the concentration ratio [GSH]0 / [H2O2]0 ≤2 has shown that 1 mole of GSSG is formed by reaction of 2 moles of GSH and 2 moles of H2O2. This finding is very different from the generally admitted stoichiometric reaction. In addition we have identified the fast formation of a complexe (or a peroxydase) and the existence of an intermediate which contribute for aboute 15% in the oxidation process has been suggested. It has been shown by α radiolysis, that the oxydation of thiol group of glutathion by N°3 and Br°2 radical is initially stoichiometric. The reaction rate constants of N°3 radicals whit GSH were found to be (9. 5 ± 0. 5) 10 6 mol-1 ls-1. The reaction corresponding mechanisms has been proposed
Leguene-Barguique, Clarisse. "Etude par radiolyse gamma et pulsée de l'oxydation radicalaire du tamoxifène et de ses métabolites : détermination du rôle antioxydant de ceux-ci vis-àvis de la peroxydation radioinduite des lipoprotéines." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05S016.
Full textChevalier, Alain. "Contribution à l'étude par spectroscopie RPE et Mössbauer et de la stabilité de l'hémoglobine." Compiègne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988COMPD119.
Full textThe haemoglobin stability has been led through the action of agents capable of modifying it, that is to say either by denaturing agents (RX), and then we have studied the nature and the kinetics of the radiolysis products apparition, or by glutaraldehyde action which can work positively on the molecule by the polymerisation it realizes : we'll study with these cases the way polymerized haemoglobins properties and structure are modified. The intraglobular reduced Hb radiolysis leads to the formation of a ferric compound Hb02 which shows that apart from this last compound (denaturation ultimate state) deoxyhaemoglobin, methemoqlobin, hemi and haemachromes take form. Hb02 radio dissociation had never been observed since, until now, irradiation had been realized in aqueous solutions. Polymerisation stabilizes the globine and avoids haemachrome formation in limiting the globine movement. The polymerized haemoglobin forms Mössbauer spectra are explained by a charge transfer between iron and oxygen, and potential barrier diminution opposed to 02 rotation. The RPE spectra show that polymerisation introduces a diminution of the total distance (F8His)N-fe-NO with probably the iron leaving the heme plane. These structures modifications are correlated with those of haemoglobin function properties. They are compatible with the heme pocket opening as it is shown by the regeneration by polymerisation of methemoglobin denatured in hemichrome
Torche, Fayçal. "Contribution à l'étude des électrons solvatés dans l'eau et les alcools et des processus radiolytiques dans les carbonates organiques par radiolyse impulsionnelle picoseconde." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01023535.
Full textRenault, Éric. "Dynamique reactionnelle de l'etat excite triplet et des especes radicalaires de l'antitumoral pazelliptine en milieu aqueux et vis a vis des acides nucleiques : une etude par photolyse laser et radiolyse pulsee." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05S001.
Full textIgnasiak, Marta. "Study of the mechanism of radiation- and photo-induced oxidation of methionine containing peptides." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112098/document.
Full textSeveral factors (radiation, metabolism, pollutants) lead to the generation of oxidizing free radicals in living organisms that damage all biomolecules and especially proteins. One of the protein targets is Methionine (Met). Its oxidation causes highly damaging effects, such as Alzheimer’s or prion disease. The aim of this work was to investigate the transient species and the stable products formed after radiolytic and photolytic oxidation of Met-containing peptides. The reaction of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and 3-carboxybenzophenone triplet state with Met-residue in peptides was investigated for model compounds (Met-dipeptides) and for longer peptides (e.g. Bradykinin). Laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis were used to characterize short-lived transient species, while gamma radiolysis and steady-state photolysis were used for quantitative and qualitative characterization of stable products. The structural modifications induced by oxidation have been characterized by the HPLC coupled with mass spectrometry and Infrared Multi Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy (IRMPD, CLIO Free electron laser). The oxidation of investigated Met-containing compounds by •OH or 3CB* led to the formation of S-centered radical cation >S•+ on Met-residue, that were further stabilized by formation of two-centered three-electron bond (S∴Y)+ or underwent the deprotonation reaction yielding the α-(alkylthio)alkyl radicals (α-S). The oxidation of Met-containing dipeptides by •OH radicals yielded the formation of Met sulfoxide (MetSO) as a main product. Undoubtedly, the identification and characterization of MetSO in deoxygenated solutions containing catalase was a milestone in investigation of stable products. However, in some cases, other products were identified. The stable products of photolysis were adducts with 3-carboxybenzophenone moiety, resulting from radical recombination reaction. Another identified product formed during photolysis was 3CB-3CB benzpinacol photoadduct, which has similar structure to the product of BP irradiations. Identified products (MetSO and the photo-adduct) were formed from the α-S via disproportionation or reaction with 3CBH•/3CBH•⁻. The oxidation of Met-Lys-Bradykinin (MKBR) yielded formation of similar photo-adducts via sensitized reaction with the 3CB*. The •OH induced oxidation of MKBR yielded several products, e.g. the sulfoxide and hydroxylated phenylalanine. In addition, other derivatives of benzophenone (oxybenzone (OXB) and sulisobenzone (SB)) were investigated due. They are widely used in commercial sun-protecting products dp to their unique photophysical properties. However the application of sunscreens awakes controversies because some epidemiological studies indicated an increased risk of malignant melanoma for their users. Photo-instability of sunscreen filters would result in reduced protection and may produce reactive free radicals or mutagens. In addition, the reactions of the sunscreens with oxygen free radicals e.g. hydroxyl radicals are likely to arise and they were not yet sufficiently documented. Finally, the radiolytic and photolytic properties of SB and OXB were investigated using femto-and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Pulse radiolysis studies of the oxidation of those molecules by •OH radicals were performed. The results obtained for SB and OXB were compared to several other benzophenone derivatives. The results shown the formation of excited singlet state that was deactivated efficiently via the Excited State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT). In case of polar solvent, the formation of trace amounts phenoxyl radicals was identified, while for nonpolar media those radicals were not observed. The reactivity of UV-excited sun filters towards simple derivatives of Met was also investigated, however, this topic requires further and more detailed investigations
Le, Motais Brigitte. "Degrés d'oxydation inhabituels de complexes de métaux du groupe V (V,Nb,Ta) créés par radiolyse en milieu non aqueux : étude expérimentale et théorique : essais de synthèse de dérivés hétérométalliques de Niobium et d'Actinide." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112277.
Full textBENZINEB, KOUIDER, and Christiane Bonnelle. "Activation par radiolyse pulsee et par radiolyse gamma d'un medicament antitumoral : la daunorubicine, en presence de peptides et de proteines." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066071.
Full textJouini, Mohamed. "Etude physico-chimique de complexes peptidiques du cuivre (II) et du nickel (II) en solution." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA077054.
Full textSule, Mohammed S. "Radiation inactivation of enzymes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261991.
Full textNGUYEN-VAN-BINH, ELISE. "Etude par radiolyse pulsee et radiolyse continue de l'oxydation monoelectronique d'un modele de vitamine k hydroquinonique. Influence du couple o#2/o#2#. #." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066255.
Full textKällén, Karin. "Toxicity of Pulsed Beams in Radiation Therapy from a Physio-Chemical Perspective." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448898.
Full textEn stor andel cancerpatienter får strålterapi som läkande eller palliativ behandling. Strålterapi kan ge upphov till allvarliga skador i den friska vävnaden i närheten av tumörområdet. För att förebygga omedelbara så väl som långsiktiga skadliga effekter av strålterapi, har nyligen pulicerade studier undersökt en ny teknik som kallas för FLASH strålterapi. Man har påvisat att ultra-höga doshastigheter kan minska strålskadorna i friska celler samtidigt som tumörkontrollen bevaras. Emellertid finns ännu ingen tillräcklig förklaring för den exakta mekanismen bakom fenomenet. Målet med detta projekt är att undersöka om en ökning eller minskning av koncentrationen hos radikalen hydroxyl, som är känd för att spela en kritisk roll i framkallandet av DNA skador, kunde upptäckas för särskilda doseringsmönster med en oförändrad total dos. Detta studerades med en enkel matematisk modell (RadChemModel) för vatten med upplöst syre. Med denna modell simulerades de kemiska reaktioner som äger rum när vatten bestrålas med joniserande strålning. Från fundamentala kemiska reaktionslagar, kunde koncentrationen av hydroxyl som funktion av tid fås genom att lösa ett system av linjära och icke-linjära ordinära differentialekvationer. Den här modellen visar att det kan finnas en skillnad i strålinducerade skador mellan FLASH och vanlig strålterapi. Resultaten från väldigt höga pulsfrekvenser med FLASH antydde också att mindre hydroxyl producerades och därmed att strålskador kan vara beroende av både doshastighet och pulsfrekvens. Däremot är resultaten inte tillräckliga för bekräfta att koncentrationen av hydroxyl är reducerad för FLASH.
Quadir, Murat A. "Geminate ion kinetics in alkane solvents studied by pulse radiolysis /." Zürich, 1995. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=11075.
Full textBao, Huaying. "Pulse radiolysis of phenanthrenequinone and phenanthrolinequinone and its iron complexes." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334014.
Full textGuyan, P. M. "The pulse radiolysis and synthesis of quinones related to adriamycin." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370412.
Full textLIN, MINGZHANG. "Synthese d'agregats de nickel par voie radiolytique et photochimique. Etude du mecanisme reactionnel par radiolyse pulsee." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112211.
Full textAhmed, S. "Pulse radiolysis and fluorescence studies of #alpha#-tocopherol in amphipathic systems." Thesis, University of Salford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376851.
Full textDOKUTCHAEV, ALEXANDER. "Synthese radiolytique et photochimique d'agregats d'argent en micelles inverses. Etude du mecanisme de formation par radiolyse pulsee." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112446.
Full textCornelius, Karl. "Radiolytic degradation of organic pesticides : a pulse radiolysis and steady state study." Title page, abstract and contents only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc814.pdf.
Full textKyritsis, Panayotis. "Electron-transfer reactivity of some Cu-containing proteins." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336272.
Full textFitchett, M. "E.S.R. and pulse radiolysis studies of the radical reactions of nucleic acid components." Thesis, University of York, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356166.
Full textLapuerta, Sandrine Moncoffre Nathalie Millard-Pinard Nathalie. "Étude de la corrosion du fer à l'interface de différents milieux (eau, air) soumis à l'irradiation de protons." Villeurbanne : Université Claude Bernard, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/05/96/97/PDF/these_S_lapuerta.pdf.
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