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Journal articles on the topic 'Radius of gyration'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

McMullen, William E., Karl F. Freed, and Binny J. Cherayil. "Apparent radius of gyration of diblock copolymers." Macromolecules 22, no. 4 (July 1989): 1853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00194a057.

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2

Zhou, Zhiping, and Deyue Yan. "Mean-square radius of gyration of polysiloxanes." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1997.040060111.

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3

Jensen, Robert K. "Body segment mass, radius and radius of gyration proportions of children." Journal of Biomechanics 19, no. 5 (January 1986): 359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(86)90012-6.

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4

Tanner, John J. "Empirical power laws for the radii of gyration of protein oligomers." Acta Crystallographica Section D Structural Biology 72, no. 10 (September 15, 2016): 1119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2059798316013218.

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The radius of gyration is a fundamental structural parameter that is particularly useful for describing polymers. It has been known since Flory's seminal work in the mid-20th century that polymers show a power-law dependence, where the radius of gyration is proportional to the number of residues raised to a power. The power-law exponent has been measured experimentally for denatured proteins and derived empirically for folded monomeric proteins using crystal structures. Here, the biological assemblies in the Protein Data Bank are surveyed to derive the power-law parameters for protein oligomers having degrees of oligomerization of 2–6 and 8. The power-law exponents for oligomers span a narrow range of 0.38–0.41, which is close to the value of 0.40 obtained for monomers. This result shows that protein oligomers exhibit essentially the same power-law behavior as monomers. A simple power-law formula is provided for estimating the oligomeric state from an experimental measurement of the radius of gyration. Several proteins in the Protein Data Bank are found to deviate substantially from power-law behavior by having an atypically large radius of gyration. Some of the outliers have highly elongated structures, such as coiled coils. For coiled coils, the radius of gyration does not follow a power law and instead scales linearly with the number of residues in the oligomer. Other outliers are proteins whose oligomeric state or quaternary structure is incorrectly annotated in the Protein Data Bank. The power laws could be used to identify such errors and help prevent them in future depositions.

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5

Smirnov, Alexander V., Ivan N. Deryabin, and Boris A. Fedorov. "Small-angle scattering: the Guinier technique underestimates the size of hard globular particles due to the structure-factor effect." Journal of Applied Crystallography 48, no. 4 (July 8, 2015): 1089–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160057671501078x.

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The straightforward calculation of small-angle scattering intensity by hard spheres at different concentrations is performed. For the same system of hard spheres, the scattering intensities were found both using the product of the form factor and the structure factor {based on the work of Kinning & Thomas [Macromolecules, (1984),17, 1712–1718]} and using the correlation function {based on the work of Kruglov [J. Appl. Cryst.(2005),38, 716–720] and Hansen [J. Appl. Cryst.(2011),44, 265–271;J. Appl. Cryst.(2012),45, 381–388]}. All three intensities are in agreement at every concentration. The values of the radii of gyration found from the Guinier plot are shown to be noticeably underestimated compared to the true radius of gyration of a single sphere. Presented are the calculated correction factors that should be applied to the experimentally found radius of gyration of spheres. Also, the concentration effects are shown to have an even greater impact on the radius of gyration of prolate particles that is found from the Guinier plot.

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6

Kawaguchi, Takeshi. "Scattering curve and radius of gyration of a straight chain of identical spheres." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 6 (November 17, 2001): 771–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801014558.

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The angularly averaged scattering intensity and the radius of gyration of a straight chain ofNequal spheres have been derived. The intensity becomes equal to zero at the same points where the intensity of the constituting sphere vanishes. The property holds also for a `particle' formed ofNequally sized and non-overlapping spheres with different electron densities. The radius of the spheres can be determined from the positions of the zeros. The number of the spheres can be obtained from the extrapolated zero-angle intensity or from the radius of gyration in the case of linear chains.

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7

Li, Zhigang, Yan Shi, and Shanzhi Chen. "Exploring the influence of human mobility on information spreading in mobile networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 27, no. 06 (May 13, 2016): 1650066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183116500662.

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In recent years, the dynamic spread of information has captured researchers’ attention. Therefore, identifying influential spreaders of information has become a fundamental element of information spreading research. Many studies have measured the influence of spreaders by considering the centrality indexes of network topology characteristics, such as degree, betweenness and closeness centrality. Additionally, some works have identified influential spreaders by analyzing human mobility characteristics such as contact frequency, contact time and inter-contact time. In this paper, we mainly explore the influence of the step size and radius of gyration on information spreading. Using a real and large-scale dataset of human mobility, we apply the susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) model to investigate the spread of information. The simulation result shows that the influence of information spreading does not increase with the increase in the step size or radius of gyration of spreaders. Instead, both the step size and radius of gyration have a great influence on the spread of information when they are near the median value. Regardless of whether they have a large or small value, their influence on the spread of information is small. Therefore, the step size and radius of gyration of spreaders can be used to control or guide the spread of information.

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8

Abramowicz, M. A., J. C. Miller, and Z. Stuchlík. "Concept of radius of gyration in general relativity." Physical Review D 47, no. 4 (February 15, 1993): 1440–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.47.1440.

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9

Zhou, Zhiping, and Deyue Yan. "Mean-square radius of gyration of polymer chains." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 6, no. 3 (May 1997): 597–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.1997.040060302.

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10

Budkov, Yury A., and Andrei L. Kolesnikov. "On gyration radius distributions of star-like macromolecules." Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2021, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 063213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/ac096a.

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11

Zuo, Haochen, Shouqi Cao, and Qingzhao Yin. "Molecular dynamics study of alloying process of Cu–Au nanoparticles with different heating rates." International Journal of Modern Physics B 35, no. 04 (January 29, 2021): 2150060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979221500600.

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In this paper, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is utilized for the investigation of impact of heating rates on Au and Cu nanoparticles alloying process. Aggregation of contacted nanoparticles experiences three stages due to the contacting, while the alloying process can be distinguished into five regimes because of the contacting and melting. Different heating rates result in different contact temperatures. The decrease of the potential energy can be observed when the temperature reaches the melting temperature. When the temperature reaches the melting point, shrinkage ratio and relative gyration radius have drastic changes during the alloying process. It is shown that heating rates have an apparent effect on the shrinkage ratio and the relative gyration radius during the fusing process, and the shrinkage ratio and the relative gyration radius of Au and Cu alloying systems with lower heating rates have relative larger increasing ratio and decreasing ratio, respectively.

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12

Bluhm, T. L., and M. D. Whitmore. "Styrene/butadiene block copolymer micelles in heptane." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-041.

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The radius of gyration of poly(styrene-b-butadiene) block copolymer micelles in n-heptane is measured by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The results are compared with theoretical predictions, and good agreement is found, particularly for the appropriate scaling relations. It is argued that the radius of gyration of the micelles depends on both the molecular weight and the composition of the copolymers. The dominant factors which determine the micelle core and corona dimensions are identified.

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13

Stojanovic, Zeljko, Katarina Jeremic, Slobodan Jovanovic, Wolfgang Nierling, and Manfred Lechner. "Influence of substituent type on properties of starch derivates." Chemical Industry 64, no. 6 (2010): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind101125076s.

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The subject of the study was investigation of influence of substituent type on the properties of starch derivates in diluted solutions. Three samples were prepared: two anionic (carboxymethyl starch, CMS) and one cationic starch (KS). Starch derivates were synthesized in two steps. The first step was preparation of alkali starch by the addition of sodium-hydroxide to the starch dispersed in ethanol or water. In the second step, the required amount of sodium monocloracetate or 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl-threemethylamonium chloride was added to the obtained alkali starch in order to prepare CMS or KS, respectively. The degree of substitution of carboxymethyl starch was determined by back titration method, and the degree of substitution of cationic starch was determined by potentiometric titration. The degrees of substitution of prepared samples were: 0.50 (assigned as CMS-0.50) and 0.70 (assigned as CMS-0.70) for carboxymethyl starch and 0.30 (assigned as KS-0.30) for cationic starch. The properties of starch derivatives in dilute solutions were investigated by the methods of static and dynamic light scattering. Aqueous solutions of sodium chloride of different concentrations were used as solvent. The values of the mass average molar mass, MW, radius of gyration, Rg, and second virial coefficient, A2, were determined for all samples together with hydrodynamic radius, Rh. Molar masses of the samples were: 5.06?106, 15.4?106 and 19.2?106 g/mol for CMS-0.50, CMS-0.70 and KS-0.30, respectively. The samples, CMS-0.70 and KS-0.30 had similar molar mass and hydrodynamic radius, but radius of gyration of KS-0.30 was smaller then radius of gyration of CMS-0.70 at all sodium chloride concentrations. Consequently, ? value for KS-0.30 was smaller then for CMS-0.70, as a result of more compact architecture of KS-0.30 then of CMS-0.70. Kratky graph confirmed this result. For all samples, radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius decreased with increasing of sodium chloride concentration, but decrease of the radius was greater for CMS-0.50 then for other two samples due to its significantly lower molar mass. On the other hand, change of both radius of gyration and hydrodynamic radius of CMS-0.70 and of KS-0.30 with increasing sodium chloride concentration were similar. It can be concluded that the decrease of both Rg and Rh with increasing sodium chloride concentration in water depends far more on molar mass than on degree of substitution.

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14

WEN, DE-HUA, WEI CHEN, YI-GANG LU, and LIANG-GANG LIU. "FRAME DRAGGING EFFECT ON MOMENT OF INERTIA AND RADIUS OF GYRATION OF NEUTRON STAR." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 07n10 (March 28, 2007): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307023225.

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Accurate to the first order in the uniform angular velocity, the general relativistic frame dragging effect of the moments of inertia and the radii of gyration of two kinds of neutron stars are calculated in a relativistic σ – ω model. The calculation shows that the dragging effect will diminish the moments of inertia and radii of gyration.

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15

Vega Paz, A., F. De J. Guevara Rodríguez, J. F. Palomeque Santiago, and And N. Victorovna Likhanova. "Polymer weight determination from numerical and experimental data of the reduced viscosity of polymer in brine." Revista Mexicana de Física 65, no. 4 Jul-Aug (July 1, 2019): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.31349/revmexfis.65.321.

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The molecular weight of poly[acrylamide-co-vinylpyrrolidone-co-(vinyl benzyl) trimethyl ammonium]chloride is determined from numerical and experimental data of the reduced viscosity of polymer in brine (with 0.1M NaCl) at normal temperature and pressure. The methodology is based on the numerical results of the mean radius of gyration of polymer and reduced viscosity which is derived from the molecular dynamics simulation of the mixture by using the NPT ensemble. The formula of the reduced viscosity as a function of the polymer radius of gyration and the polymer concentration in brine is proposed.

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16

Eliezer, D., P. A. Jennings, P. E. Wright, S. Doniach, K. O. Hodgson, and H. Tsuruta. "The Radius of Gyration of an Apomyoglobin Folding Intermediate." Science 270, no. 5235 (October 20, 1995): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.270.5235.487.

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17

Yanao, Tomohiro, Wang S. Koon, Jerrold E. Marsden, and Ioannis G. Kevrekidis. "Gyration-radius dynamics in structural transitions of atomic clusters." Journal of Chemical Physics 126, no. 12 (March 28, 2007): 124102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2710272.

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18

Leung, Alfred F. "Radius of Gyration of a Sphere and a Barrel." Physics Teacher 44, no. 4 (April 2006): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2186232.

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19

Ma, Haizhu, and Linxi Zhang. "Unperturbed Mean-Square Radius of Gyration of 1,2-Polybutadiene." Polymer Journal 26, no. 2 (February 1994): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.26.121.

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20

Chia-chung, Sun, Xiao Xing-cai, Huang Xu-ri, and Li Ze-sheng. "Thekth Radius of Gyration of Aa1, Aa2–BbCcType Polymerization." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 66, no. 11 (November 1993): 3185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.66.3185.

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21

Hoshen, Joseph. "Percolation and cluster structure parameters: The radius of gyration." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 30, no. 24 (December 21, 1997): 8459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/30/24/011.

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22

Kozlov, G. V., and I. V. Dolbin. "Carbon Nanotubes/Nanofibers as Coil Macromolecules: Radius of Gyration." Russian Physics Journal 61, no. 3 (July 2018): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11182-018-1425-3.

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23

Zhong, Hongzhi, and Minmao Liao. "Higher-Order Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Timoshenko Beams by the Spline-Based Differential Quadrature Method." Shock and Vibration 14, no. 6 (2007): 407–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/146801.

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Higher-order nonlinear vibrations of Timoshenko beams with immovable ends are studied. The nonlinear effects of axial deformation, bending curvature and transverse shear strains are considered. The nonlinear governing differential equations are solved using a spline-based differential quadrature method (SDQM), which is constructed based on quartic B-splines. Ratios of the nonlinear to the linear frequencies are extracted and their variations with the ratio of amplitude to radius of gyration are examined. In contrast to the well-recognized finding for the nonlinear fundamental frequency of beams, some higher-order nonlinear frequencies decrease with the increase of ratio of amplitude to radius of gyration.

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24

Zhang, Danhui, Houbo Yang, Zhongkui Liu, and Anmin Liu. "Molecular dynamics simulations of single-walled carbon nanotubes and polynylon66." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 23 (September 20, 2019): 1950258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219502588.

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Polynylon66, as a kind of important engineering plastics, is widely used in various fields. In this work, we studied the interfacial interactions between polynylon66 and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results showed that the polynylon66 could interact with the SWCNTs and the mechanism of interfacial interaction between polynylon66 and SWCNTs was also discussed. Furthermore, the morphology of polynylon66 adsorbed to the surface of SWCNTs was investigated by the radius of gyration. Influence factors such as the initial angle between polynylon66 chain and nanotube axis, SWCNT radius and length of polynylon66 on interfacial adhesion of single-walled carbon nanotube-polymer and the radius of gyration of the polymers were studied. These results will help to better understand the interfacial interaction between polymer and carbon nanotube (CNT) and also guide the fabrication of high performance polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites.

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25

Li, Qibin, Tao Fu, Tiefeng Peng, Xianghe Peng, Chao Liu, and Xiaoyang Shi. "Coalescence of Cu contacted nanoparticles with different heating rates: A molecular dynamics study." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 30 (November 23, 2016): 1650212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797921650212x.

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The coalescence, the initial stage of sintering, of two contacted Cu nanoparticles is investigated under different heating rates of 700, 350 and 233 K/ns. The nanoparticles coalesced rapidly at the initial stage when the temperature of the system is low. Then, the nanoparticles collided softly in an equilibrium period. After the system was increased to a high temperature, the shrinkage ratio, gyration radius and atoms’ diffusion started to change dramatically. The lower heating rate can result in smaller shrinkage ratio, larger gyration radius and diffusion of atoms. However, the growth of sintering neck is hardly influenced by the heating rate. The results provide a theoretical guidance for the fundamental understanding and potential application regarding nanoparticle sintering.

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26

Kawaguchi, Takeshi. "Radii of gyration and scattering functions of a torus and its derivatives." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 5 (September 25, 2001): 580–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801009517.

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A torus is a simple body with cylindrical rotational symmetry. The radius of gyration and scattering function of a torus have been derived in cylindrical coordinates. Some derivatives of a torus (torus with elliptical cross section, tubular torus and two stacked tori) have been treated in the same manner as the torus. The radii of gyration are given by simple formulae and the scattering curves are easily obtained by numerical calculation using a personal computer.

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27

Saneifard, Rahim, and Rasoul Saneifard. "Defuzzification Method for Ranking Fuzzy Numbers Through Radius of Gyration." Journal of Fuzzy Set Valued Analysis 2016 (2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5899/2016/jfsva-00282.

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28

Slater, Gary W., Jaan Noolandi, and Adi Eisenberg. "Radius of gyration of charged reptating chains in electric fields." Macromolecules 24, no. 25 (December 1991): 6715–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00025a024.

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29

Nakamura, Yo, Yunan Wan, Jimmy W. Mays, Hermis Iatrou, and Nikos Hadjichristidis. "Radius of Gyration of Polystyrene Combs and Centipedes in Solution." Macromolecules 33, no. 22 (October 2000): 8323–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0007076.

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30

Wei, Gaoyuan. "Distribution function of the radius of gyration for Gaussian molecules." Journal of Chemical Physics 90, no. 10 (May 15, 1989): 5873–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.456394.

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31

Nakamura, Yo, Yunan Wan, Jimmy W. Mays, Hermis Iatrou, and Nikos Hadjichristidis. "Radius of Gyration of Polystyrene Combs and Centipedes in Solution." Macromolecules 34, no. 6 (March 2001): 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma992460m.

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32

Zhou, Zhiping, and Deyue Yan. "Mean-square Radius of Gyration of Poly[oxy(1-alkylethylenes)]." Polymers for Advanced Technologies 8, no. 4 (April 1997): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199704)8:4<270::aid-pat640>3.0.co;2-o.

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33

Mansfield, Marc L. "Change in radius of gyration of semicrystalline polymers upon crystallization." Macromolecules 19, no. 3 (May 1986): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00157a063.

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34

Lobanov, M. Yu, N. S. Bogatyreva, and O. V. Galzitskaya. "Radius of gyration as an indicator of protein structure compactness." Molecular Biology 42, no. 4 (August 2008): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0026893308040195.

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35

Heymans, Nicole. "Radius of gyration, maximum extensibility and intrinsic crazing in thermoplastics." Journal of Materials Science 23, no. 7 (July 1988): 2394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01111894.

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36

Saneifard, Rahim, and Rasoul Saneifard. "A new effect of radius of gyration with neural networks." Neural Computing and Applications 23, no. 5 (July 8, 2012): 1257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1067-2.

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37

Zhou, Zhiping. "The Radius of Gyration of the Products of Hyperbranched Polymerization." Macromolecular Theory and Simulations 23, no. 3 (January 29, 2014): 218–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mats.201300145.

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38

Gao, Yue Kai, Xue Jia Ding, Tao Hu, Yi Li, and Si Zhu Wu. "Study on the Stress Relaxation of Polychloroprene Rubber by Molecular Dynamics Simulation at Different Temperature." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.311.

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In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation has been employed to investigate the distribution function of gyration radius under different temperatures. The structure of chloroprene rubber (CR) was constructed and the circles of energy minimization were applied. The fitting functions of normal stress with time under different pressures were obtained. Compression stress relaxation experiment of different temperatures was also conducted. Comparing with the coefficient of stress relaxation from the experiment, it was found that the theoretical stress relaxation results were similar to the experimental data. The results indicated that the mean-square radius of gyration decreased with reduction of temperature, which corresponded to the typical viscoelasticity stress relaxation behaviors of polymers. It is confirmed that the variation of mean-square radius can be used to quantitatively describe the stress relaxation of rubber system and a good agreement between the theoretical curves with the experimental data can be obtained from MD simulation.

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39

Liu, Li-Yan, Zhong-Xun Yu, Li-Xiang Liu, Jing-Qi Yang, Qing-Hai Hao, Tong Wei, and Hong-Ge Tan. "Self-assembly of polyelectrolyte diblock copolymers within mixtures of monovalent and multivalent counterions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 28 (2020): 16334–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp01019g.

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40

Li, Yonghua, Fanling Meng, Jinkuan Wang, and Yuming Wang. "The characterization of crystalline particle growth in TiNi thin films." Journal of Applied Crystallography 37, no. 6 (November 11, 2004): 1007–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889804022332.

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Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) have been used to investigate sputter-deposited TiNi films annealed at 773 K for 3, 8, 13, 15, 25 and 60 min. The specific interfacial area of the crystalline–amorphous two-phase system increases at the beginning of annealing, achieves a maximum after about 13 min and decreases on further annealing, whereas the radius of gyration of the crystalline particle increases during the annealing process. The prominent increase of the specific interfacial area and the slight increase of the radius of gyration of the crystalline particle at the beginning of annealing are correlated with the nucleation of the crystalline particle. The subsequent decrease of the specific interfacial area is correlated with the growth of the crystalline particles.

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41

Jayaram, M. A., G. K. Prashanth, and Sachin C. Patil. "Inertia-Based Ear Biometrics: A Novel Approach." Journal of Intelligent Systems 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jisys-2015-0047.

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AbstractThe human ear has been deemed to be a source of data for person identification in recent years. Ear biometrics has distinct advantages, such as visibility from a distance and ease with which images could be captured. This paper elaborates on a novel approach to ear biometrics. We propose moment of inertia-based biometric for the ears in any random orientation. The features concerned are the moment of inertia about the major and minor axes, corresponding radii of gyration, and the planar surface area of the ear. The databases of the said features were collected through ear images of 600 subjects. Principal component analysis of the features demonstrated that the radius of gyration with respect to the major axis, moment of inertia about the minor axis, and radius of gyration about the minor axis are significant attributes contributing to major variability. The person identification system developed showed recognition rates of 99% with just three attributes, when compared with the 96% recognition rate when all five attributes were considered. The evaluation of the system was done on several metrics. All metrics were found to be insignificant in their magnitude, which is suggestive of robustness and excellent authentication performance.

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42

Zuo, Haochen, Shouqi Cao, Qingzhao Yin, and Junjun Huang. "Investigation of alloying process of Cu and Au nanoparticles based on molecular dynamics simulation." International Journal of Modern Physics B 34, no. 26 (October 2, 2020): 2050239. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979220502392.

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Nanotechnology plays an important role in the development of modern science and technology. In this paper, the alloying process of Cu and Au nanoparticles with different diameters (Cu(100 Å) and Au(70 Å), Au(100 Å) and Cu(70 Å), Au(100 Å) and Cu(50 Å) Cu(100 Å) and Au(50 Å)) was investigated by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Cu and Au nanoparticles contact each other at 300 K. The melting temperature of the Cu and Au system is about 1160 K in which the nanoparticles of the studied systems fuse rapidly. At the same time, the lattice structure of nanoparticles is also changed from face-centered cubic (FCC) to amorphous. Furthermore, shrinkage ratio and gyration radius as well as potential energy changed dramatically when the temperature reached 1160 K. The potential energy shows that more energy is needed for Cu(100 Å)/Au(70 Å) system to reach the melting temperature. Besides, the change of relative gyration radius is related to the radius of nanoparticles.

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43

Wolfinger, M., and D. Rockwell. "Flow structure on a rotating wing: effect of radius of gyration." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 755 (August 14, 2014): 83–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.383.

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AbstractThe flow structure on a rotating wing (flat plate) is characterized over a range of Rossby number $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mathit{Ro} = r_g/C$, in which $r_g$ and $C$ are the radius of gyration and chord of the wing, as well as travel distance $\mathit{Ro} = r_g \Phi /C$, where $\Phi $ is the angle of rotation. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (SPIV) is employed to determine the flow patterns on defined planes, and by means of reconstruction, throughout entire volumes. Images of the $Q$-criterion and spanwise vorticity, velocity and vorticity flux are employed to represent the flow structure. At low Rossby number, the leading-edge, tip and root vortices are highly coherent with large dimensionless values of $Q$ in the interior regions of all vortices and large downwash between these components of the vortex system. For increasing Rossby number, however, the vortex system rapidly degrades, accompanied by loss of large $Q$ within its interior and downstream displacement of the region of large downwash. These trends are accompanied by increased deflection of the leading-edge vorticity layer away from the surface of the wing, and decreased spanwise velocity and vorticity flux in the trailing region of the wing, which are associated with the degree of deflection of the tip vortex across the wake region. Combinations of large Rossby number $\mathit{Ro} =r_g/C$ and travel distance $r_g \Phi /C$ lead to separated flow patterns similar to those observed on rectilinear translating wings at high angle of attack $\alpha $. In the extreme case where the wing travels a distance corresponding to a number of revolutions, the highly coherent flow structure is generally preserved if the Rossby number is small; it degrades substantially, however, at larger Rossby number.

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44

Yaghini, Nazila, and Piet D. Iedema. "Branching determination from radius of gyration contraction factor in radical polymerization." Polymer 59 (February 2015): 166–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.070.

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Zhou, Zhiping, and Deyue Yan. "Improved expression of mean‐square radius of gyration. I. Vinyl polymers." Journal of Chemical Physics 96, no. 6 (March 15, 1992): 4792–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.462765.

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Deng, Yong, Zhu Zhenfu, and Liu Qi. "Ranking fuzzy numbers with an area method using radius of gyration." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 51, no. 6-7 (March 2006): 1127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.camwa.2004.11.022.

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