Relevant bibliographies by topics / Radon – Diffusion rates

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Radon – Diffusion rates'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Radon – Diffusion rates"

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Kumar, Amit, and Pal Chauhan. "Radon exhalation rates from common building materials in India: Effect of back diffusion." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 31, no. 3 (2016): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1603277k.

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A radon exhalation study for building materials was carried out by closed accumulator technique using plastic track detector LR-115 type-II, taking into account the effect of back diffusin. The back diffusion of radon into the materials causes an underestimate of free exhalation rates. The results showed that radon exhalation rates of soil, sand, brick powder, and crasher were found to be high as compared to rice husk ash, wall putty, and plaster of Paris. The radon exhalation rates from building materials varied from 0.45 ? 0.07 mBq/kgh to 1.55 ? 0.2 mBq/kgh and 3.4 ? 0.7 mBq/m2h to 28.6 ? 3.8 mBq/m2h as measured without considering back diffusion. The radon exhalation rates of building materials oblivious of back diffusion varied from 4.3 ? 0.8 mBq/m2h to 44.1 ? 5.9 mBq/m2h. The radon exhalation rates from building materials can be used for estimation of radon wall flux and indoor radon concentration. Thus, it is necessary to make correction in the measured exhalation rates by back diffusion.
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Antonopoulos-Dornis, M., P. Krifidis, and C. Raptis. "Diffusion Model of Radon Exhalation Rates." Health Physics 74, no. 5 (1998): 574–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004032-199805000-00005.

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Omori, Yasutaka, Michikuni Shimo, Miroslaw Janik, Tetsuo Ishikawa, and Hidenori Yonehara. "Variable Strength in Thoron Interference for a Diffusion-Type Radon Monitor Depending on Ventilation of the Outer Air." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3 (2020): 974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030974.

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Thoron interference in radon measurements using passive diffusion radon detectors/monitors is a crucial problem when it comes to assessing the internal exposure to radon precisely. The present study reported, as one of the potential factors, the effects of air flow conditions on changes in thoron interference. Rates of thoron infiltration (as thoron interference) into the diffusion chamber of the monitor were evaluated. The temporal variation was obtained based on measurements of the underfloor space of a Japanese wooden dwelling using a diffusion-type radon monitor, a reference radon monitor which was not affected by thoron interference, and a thoron monitor. The thoron infiltration rate for the diffusion-type monitor varied from 0% to 20%. In particular, it appeared to increase when ventilation of the underfloor space air was forced. The variable thoron infiltration rate, with respect to ventilation strength, implied that not only a diffusive process, but also an advective process, played a major role in air exchange between the diffusion chamber of the monitor and the outer air. When an exposure room is characterized by the frequent variation in air ventilation, a variable thoron response is considered to occur in radon–thoron discriminative detectors, in which only diffusive entry is employed as a mechanism for the discrimination of radon and thoron.
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Nikolic, Mladen, and Rodoljub Simovic. "Radon exhalation rates of some granites used in Serbia." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 30, no. 2 (2015): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1502145n.

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In order to address concern about radon exhalation in building material, radon exhalation rate was determined for different granites available on Serbian market. Radon exhalation rate, along with mass exhalation rate and effective radium content were determined by closed chamber method and active continuous radon measurement technique. For this research, special chambers were made and tested for back diffusion and leakage, and the radon concentrations measured were included in the calculation of radon exhalation. The radon exhalation rate ranged from 0.161 Bq/m2h to 0.576 Bq/m2h, the mass exhalation rate from 0.167 Bq/kgh to 0.678 Bq/kgh, while the effective radium content was found to be from 12.37 Bq/kg to 50.23 Bq/kg. The results indicate that the granites used in Serbia have a low level of radon exhalation.
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Chitra, N., S. Bala Sundar, V. Subramanian, M. T. Jose, R. Baskaran, and B. Venkatraman. "QUANTIFICATION OF BACK DIFFUSION IN RADON AND THORON EXHALATION RATE MEASUREMENTS." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 189, no. 2 (2020): 182–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa029.

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Abstract The radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) fluxes from the soil and building materials are the major contributors to their indoor levels. Hence, the measurement of radon and thoron exhalation rates from the source matrix becomes the foremost step in controlling the indoor radon and thoron exposure. It is a challenge to measure the exhalation rates without disturbing the natural conditions. The back-diffusion phenomenon modifies the exhalation rate. The work presented here is to measure the back-diffusion coefficient and takes it into consideration while estimating the exhalation rate. For radon measurements, the back-diffusion coefficient and the free exhalation rates were simultaneously estimated by adopting a novel methodology. The leak rate of the experimental setup measured by this methodology was agreeable with the value measured by adopting the standard technique. In the case of thoron, the back-diffusion effect was found to be negligible for the present experimental conditions and it is duly explained. The above results were obtained by analyzing two soil samples with high 238U and 232Th content collected from monazite-rich coastal area.
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Abo-Elmagd, M. "Radon exhalation rates corrected for leakage and back diffusion – Evaluation of radon chambers and radon sources with application to ceramic tile." Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 7, no. 4 (2014): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2014.07.001.

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7

Tufail, M., S. M. Mirza, M. K. Chughtai, N. Ahmad, and H. A. Khan. "Preliminary measurements of exhalation rates and diffusion coefficients for radon in cements." International Journal of Radiation Applications and Instrumentation. Part D. Nuclear Tracks and Radiation Measurements 19, no. 1-4 (1991): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/1359-0189(91)90233-8.

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HASSAN, SAYED, MOHAMED EL NAGDY, AHMED SHATA, and KORANY KORANY. "RADIATION HAZARDS INDICES, RADON EXHALATION RATES AND RADON DIFFUSION LENGTH FOR SOME SOIL SAMPLES, WADI NASEIB AREA, SINAI, EGYPT." Nuclear Sciences Scientific Journal 6, no. 1 (2017): 209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/nssj.2017.30783.

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9

George, A. C., and E. O. Knutson. "Particle Size of Unattached Radon Progeny in Filtered Room Air." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (1994): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082434.

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Abstract The size distribution of the unattached radon progeny in filtered room air was measured with a serial array of wire screens. Nearly all the size distributions 2 to 3 min air, measured with the graded wire screen samplers were unimodal, with a geometric standard deviation averaging 1.8±0.058. The grand average of the geometric mean and standard error of the mean diffusion coefficient was 0.048±0.0004. The results obtained using different combinations of the graded wire screens were consistent. The measured diffusion coefficient predicts a nasal penetration of 9% to 16% for inspiratory flow rates of 31.min-1 to 30 1.min-1, respectively. The results indicate that about 15% of the inhaled unattached radon progeny penetrate beyond the nose into the tracheobronchial region to deliver a radiation dose to the bronchial epithelium.
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Kumar, Amit, and R. P. Chauhan. "Back diffusion correction for radon exhalation rates of common building materials using active measurements." Materials and Structures 48, no. 4 (2013): 919–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-013-0203-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Radon – Diffusion rates"

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Puck, Brent D. "Transport mechanisms for radon-222 in soils : a case study for Delaware County." Virtual Press, 1993. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/879853.

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Radon transport mechanisms in soils were studied to determine the dominant transport mechanism for Delaware county soils. In modeling the soil, it was assumed that is was homogenous and moisture-free. Two transport mechanisms were investigated, the transport of radon in the soil by molecular diffusion (assumed to be governed by Fick's law) and transport by pressure-induced flow or convection (assumed to be governed by Darcy's law). Following the previous work of W. E. Clements, a general transport equation was described which incorporated both diffusion and convection. In steady-state conditions, a closed-form solution was obtained for the concentration of radon in the soil interstices as a function of depth. Similarly, solutions were examined for transport by diffusion alone. Representative soil parameters were assigned and the diffusion fraction (the ratio of concentration due to diffusion to the concentration due to both diffusion and convection) was calculated. Referring to the work of A. B. Tanner, a radon availability number (RAN) was determined for the soils; the RAN value was a measure of the activity of radon per unit area. Analyses were also performed to determine the significance of pressure variations on calculated diffusion fractions and RAN values. For 99% of the acreage in Delaware county, the diffusion fraction was 0.95 or greater. Therefore, it was concluded that molecular diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism for the soils of Delaware county.<br>Department of Physics and Astronomy
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Garcia, Vindas José Ralph. "Transport du radon en milieu poreux (expérimentation et modélisation) : implication pour la réalisation et l'interprétation de mesures "in situ"." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20003.

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Le radon est un gaz rare et radioactif qui est produit dans la chaine de desintegration de l'uranium. Grace a sa periode (3. 82 jours), il peut se deplacer dans le sol et parcourir de grandes distances avant de se desintegrer. Les mecanismes de transport de ce gaz dans le sol sont la diffusion ou la convection. Dans ce travail, nous etudions le transport du radon dans un milieu poreux et l'influence de certains parametres exterieurs sur l'emanation de ce gaz. Le chapitre i est une compilation des notions generales sur le radon et de son utilisation dans les sciences de la terre. Dans le deuxieme chapitre nous abordons le sujet de la detection de ce gaz. Nous decrivons les appareils de mesure utilises dans ce travail et nous etudions l'efficacite de leur reponse en fonction des variations de la concentration. Le chapitre iii expose la theorie general du transport de ce gaz et montre les resultats des mesures effectuees par differents auteurs et leur correlation probable avec les parametres climatologiques et geophysiques. Dans le quatrieme chapitre nous realisons en laboratoire une etude de la solubilisation du radon dans l'eau et une simulation de la pluie sur le campus. Il est resulte de ces travaux la conception d'une sonde sous-marine permettant de realiser des mesures ponctuelles in situ. Le chapitre v est consacre a la simulation et a la modelisation du transport du radon en regime isothermique. Nous traitons le cas special d'un degazage intense. Dans le chapitre vi nous effectuons la modelisation theorique du transport du radon en regime non-isothermique. L'apparition des ondes de choc dans le profil de concentration est traitee dans le chapitre. Le chapitre vii presente quelques resultats de terrain obtenus au costa rica, correles avec la precipitation, qui valident le modele expose dans le chapitre iv. Nous montrons egalement des series temporelles de donnees ou il existe une probable correlation avec la sismicite du pays.
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Book chapters on the topic "Radon – Diffusion rates"

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Farhan Nader Alrekabi, Ali. "Mathematical Expressions of Radon Measurements." In Recent Techniques and Applications in Ionizing Radiation Research. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92647.

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The measurement of radon, thoron and their progeny concentrations also leads to the knowledge of the presence of radioactive elements, which are the sources of these elements such as Uranium-238 and Thorium-232. Using of Solid State Nuclear Tracks Detectors (SSNTDs) it is probably the most widely applied for long term radon measurements. In this chapter, we derived the most important mathematical relationships that researchers need in radon measurements to calculate such as average radon concentration, exhalation rate, equilibrium factor, radon diffusion coefficient and transmission factor to get actual radon concentration in air atmosphere. The relationship between theoretical and experiment calibration drive and other mathematical relationships are given in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Radon – Diffusion rates"

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Jiang, Fuliang, Xiaoli Wang, Shuai Zhang, Xiangyang Li, and Changshou Hong. "Experimental Study of Radon Exhalation Rate in Uranium-Like Rock Based on Closed Chamber Method." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81067.

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The closed chamber method is widely used in measuring radon exhalation rate, which can avoid the error caused by the leakage and anti-diffusion phenomena. Firstly, considering the actual situation that uranium ore is difficult to obtain and have a high radioactivity, the uranium-like rock was made according to the similarity theory. Secondly, the diffusion length and intrinsic radon exhalation rate were obtained by using the closed chamber method. Thirdly, the theoretical values of radon exhalation rate made by uranium-like ore block were calculated, compared with the measured values. This study shows that the uranium-like rock block made by the best mass ratio is helpful for the subsequent experiment, and the error between the theoretical calculation and the measured value is no more than 9.14%. This indicates it is reliable to estimate radon exhalation rate by diffusion length and intrinsic radon exhalation rate and can also provide a foundation for rapidly gaining radon exhalation rate of the same type material by the closed chamber method. This study can further promote the study of the radon exhalation rate under the complex physical conditions and then better guide the protection work of radon radiation in underground mining.
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Wang, Jiaxin, Guohua Wu, Liguo Zhang, Jingyuan Qu, and Jiejuan Tong. "Diffusion Law and Simulation Analysis of Radon in Uranium Tailings Based on Multiple Gauss Plume Model." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81189.

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The radon from uranium tailings spreads fast and has a wide range of pollution, which poses a potential radiation hazard to the environment and the public in downwind region. In this paper, the open and naked uranium tailings are selected as research object. By setting up multiple Gaussian plume models with single point source, the diffusion of radon in the uranium tailings is simulated with different atmospheric stability, average wind speed, height and downwind distance. The results show that the maximum radon concentration increases while the related downwind distance decreases as the atmospheric becoming stable. The higher wind speed does not affect the downwind distance where the maximum radon concentration occurs, but it decreases the maximum radon concentration. The concentration of radon in residential area decreases but the decreasing rate speeds up with height going up. The distribution of radon in vertical and horizontal direction tends to be homogeneous while the near-surface area concentration decreases rapidly as farther downwind distance.
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