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Solntseva, Anna V. "ROMANCE LANGUAGES: HISTORY OF FORMATION AND CLASSIFICATION PROBLEMS." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-123-132.
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This article deals with issues that arise when analyzing Romance languages. Firstly, the author investigates the problem of determining the number of Romance languages and their classification. In modern linguistics, these issues remain unresolved. The classification of Romance languages changed depending on what grounds were proposed to be taken as its basis. Moreover, the status of some Romance languages remains controversial, so different authors list a different number of Romance languages. Secondly, the article describes the process of Romance languages formation: an attempt is made to explain the similarities and differences observed between them. The main reason for the similarity of all Romance languages is their common source: the Vulgar Latin. The article indicates the following factors that influenced the process of divergence of Romance languages: 1) A different substratum upon which the Vulgar Latin was superimposed in the provinces of the Roman Empire. The substratum is a complex of features of a local native language dissolved in a colonizing language. 2) Different superstratum. The superstratum is a complex of features of the extinct language of the non-native population remaining in the original language. The most active superstrate was German. Inhabitants of the Romance area in different parts of Europe had to deal with different Germanic tribes. 3) Different adstratum. The adstratum is the mutual influence of neighboring languages due to the long coexistence of two languages. Unlike substratum and superstratum, both interacting languages continue to exist in this case. The different geographical position of peoples of the Romance area determined a specific adstratum typical of a particular Romance language. 4) The state of the Latin language by the time a given province was colonized. 5) Duration and degree of Roman influence.
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Stein-Smith, Kathleen. "The Romance Advantage — The Significance of the Romance Languages as a Pathway to Multilingualism." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1253. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0810.01.
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As 41M in the US speak a Romance language in the home, it is necessary to personally and professionally empower L1 speakers of a Romance language through acquisition of one or more additional Romance languages. The challenge is that Romance language speakers, parents, and communities may be unaware of both the advantages of bilingual and multilingual skills and also of the relative ease in developing proficiency, and even fluency, in a second or third closely related language. In order for students to maximize their Romance language skills, it is essential for parents, educators, and other language stakeholders to work together to increase awareness, to develop curriculum, and to provide teacher training -- especially for Spanish-speakers, who form the vast majority of L1 Romance language speakers in the US, to learn additional Romance languages.
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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (August 28, 2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0016.
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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, only a few dictionaries of JS list loanwords, and they seldom pay attention to their origin or to the semantic shift that occurred during the process of borrowing. A comprehensive dictionary of JS (offering etymological, historical, semantical and diasystematical information) is missing up to now.
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Arnold, Rafael D. "Judeo-Romance varieties." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 321–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0016.
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AbstractJudeo-Romance languages (and varieties), as other Jewish languages, too, are fusion languages. Traditionally written in the Hebrew alphabet, Jewish languages are characterized by a high impact of linguistic features of Hebrew (and Aramaic). Among the Judeo-Romance languages, which are based on Romance languages, Judeo-Spanish (hereinafter referred to as JS), the language of the expelled Jews from Iberia (known as the Sephardim), is outstanding because of its intimate contact with the dominant languages in the areas of their settlement, especially in the Ottoman territories. However, only a few dictionaries of JS list loanwords, and they seldom pay attention to their origin or to the semantic shift that occurred during the process of borrowing. A comprehensive dictionary of JS (offering etymological, historical, semantical and diasystematical information) is missing up to now.
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Beresova, Jana. "Using English as a gateway to Romance language acquisition." Global Journal of Foreign Language Teaching 6, no. 1 (August 1, 2016): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjflt.v6i1.571.
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The paper focuses on Romance language acquisition through English acquired as the first foreign language. A conscious approach to relations between languages enables learners, who acquired certain knowledge, attitudes and skills while learning one language, to learn other languages more easily. Research is based on contrastive analysis of two Romance languages – French and Spanish – and their relations to English. Learning those two Romance languages was carried out through the knowledge of some principles of how languages function and are related to each other. The analysis of vocabulary and grammar focuses on similarities between the three mentioned languages, emphasising the level of intensity in similarity on one hand, and possible problems related to spelling, pronunciation and meaning on the other hand. The research supports the idea of language plurality in education, and the necessity to help learners construct and continuously broaden and deepen their own plurilingual competence. Keywords: pluringuialism; multilingualism; FREPA; contrastive analysis;
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Sabourin, Laura, and Laurie A. Stowe. "Second language processing: when are first and second languages processed similarly?" Second Language Research 24, no. 3 (July 2008): 397–430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658308090186.
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In this article we investigate the effects of first language (L1) on second language (L2) neural processing for two grammatical constructions (verbal domain dependency and grammatical gender), focusing on the event-related potential P600 effect, which has been found in both L1 and L2 processing. Native Dutch speakers showed a P600 effect for both constructions tested. However, in L2 Dutch (with German or a Romance language as L1) a P600 effect only occurred if L1 and L2 were similar. German speakers show a P600 effect to both constructions. Romance speakers only show a P600 effect within the verbal domain. We interpret these findings as showing that with similar rule-governed processing routines in L1 and L2 (verbal domain processing for both German and Romance speakers), similar neural processing is possible in L1 and L2. However, lexically-driven constructions that are not the same in L1 and L2 (grammatical gender for Romance speakers) do not result in similar neural processing in L1 and L2 as measured by the P600 effect.
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Ogorodov, M. K. "School of French." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 225–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-225-227.
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Fundamentals of teaching French at MGIMO were laid in the 1950s - 1960s, the teachers of the Department of Romance Languages uniform. Initially, the core department of the French language teachers were MSU: Olga D. Andreeva, Simon I. Ganionsky, Sophia Yulevna Friedman, Irina B. Chachkhiani. Heads of departments of the period the greatest contribution to the development of philological science and practice of teaching Romance languages made an outstanding figure of Russian Romance Studies, Doctor of Philology, Professor Vladimir G. Gak. In 1971, after the separation of the Department of Romance languages were the departments of French and № 1 № 2. At the Department of French № 1 was successfully completed the task of developing a set of textbooks for the initial stage of training French language and created books that have become "classics of the genre".
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Lamiroy, Béatrice, and Anna Pineda. "Grammaticalization across Romance languages and the pace of language change." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 40, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 304–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.00007.lam.
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Abstract Grammaticalization across Romance languages and the pace of language change. The position of Catalan. In several works on grammaticalization, one of the authors of this paper has established a grammaticalization cline which posits three major Romance languages: French at one extreme, Spanish at the other, and Italian in between (Lamiroy, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2011, Lamiroy & De Mulder, 2011, De Mulder & Lamiroy, 2012, Van de Velde & Lamiroy, 2017). Our purpose is to place Catalan on this cline. To achieve our goal, we use data of Catalan related to several topics, viz. auxiliaries, past tense, existential sentences, mood and demonstratives. Catalan shows contradictory evidence: whereas the grammaticalization process in certain domains suggests that it parallels Spanish and Italian, in many others, it patterns with French. Thus the hypothesis for which we provide evidence here is the following cline : French > Catalan > Italian > Spanish.
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Nevaci, Manuela. "Concordances romanes et convergences balcano-romanes dans les dialects roumains sud-danubiens. Aspects phonétiques, morphologiques et syntaxiques." Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Philologia 65, no. 4 (October 30, 2020): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2020.4.19.
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"Romance Concordances and Balcano-Romance Convergences in the South-Danubian Romanian Dialects. Phonetic, Morphological, and Syntactic Aspects. This paper proposes to emphasise the linguistic similarities of South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Albania, Croatia, R. of North Macedonia, Greece and Romania from the perspective of Romance and Balkan elements. We will take into consideration lexical aspects, from the point of view of linguistic contact with Balkan languages, as well as Romance elements that define these historical dialects of common Romanian. Our exposition is based on the broader theme of the relationship between genealogic (Romance features inherited from Latin, speaking of concordances in the Romance languages) and areal (convergences between the Aromanian and Megleno-Romanian dialects of the Romanian language and the languages spoken in the Balkan area). Through the presence of the Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian and Istro-Romanian dialects of Romanian in the Balkans, creating a bridge between Romània and Balkan, a convergence was attained on the one hand with the Romance languages, and, on the other, with Greek, Albanian North Macedonian as Balkan languages. Keywords: South Danubian Romanian dialects, Aromanian dialect, Megleno-Romanian dialect, Istro-Romanian dialect, morphological and syntax dialectal system."
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da Costa, Dinis Fernando. "Entangled in two Romance languages: Experiencing language barriers in higher education." Australian Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): 60–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29140/ajal.v4n2.508.
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Ionin, Tania, Elaine Grolla, Hélade Santos, and Silvina A. Montrul. "Interpretation of NPs in generic and existential contexts in L3 Brazilian Portuguese." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 5, no. 2 (July 10, 2015): 215–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.5.2.03ion.
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This paper examines the interpretation of NPs in generic and existential contexts in the acquisition of Brazilian Portuguese (BrP) as a third language (L3) by learners who speak English and a Romance language (Spanish, French or Italian). The paper examines whether transfer / cross-linguistic influence is from English, Spanish/French/Italian, or both, and whether it matters which language is the learners’ first language (L1) vs. their second language (L2). An Acceptability Judgment Task of NP interpretation in BrP is administered to L1-English L2-Spanish/French/Italian and L1-Spanish L2-English learners of BrP as an L3, as well as to a control group of native speakers of BrP. The findings point to a nuanced picture of transfer in L3 acquisition, in which both languages can serve as the source of transfer, but transfer from a previously learned Romance language is more pronounced than transfer from English, both for L1-English L2-Romance and L1-Spanish L2-English L3-learners of BrP.
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Martínez Vázquez, Montserrat. "Satellite-framed patterns in Romance languages." Languages in Contrast 15, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.15.2.02mar.
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The present analysis is grounded in the belief that linguists, when describing a language, should aim for a full and comprehensive coverage. Talmy’s (1985, 2000) influential two-way typology, verb-framed vs. satellite-framed patterns, represents the preferred option here for the encoding of motion events cross-linguistically, but does not cover other peripheral uses that a language may show. This paper provides evidence for the growing assumption that languages may in fact show both encoding options (Beavers, 2008; Beavers et al., 2010; Filipovic, 2007; Iacobini and Masini, 2006, 2007; Fortis, 2010, Croft et al., 2010, inter alia). The analysis of a large corpus sample of satellite-framed constructions shows that in Spanish this pattern is not only available but indeed is preferred under some circumstances. Previous assertions that Romance languages have poor lexical manner inventories and lack resultatives can help explain low productivity, but they do not argue against the existence of a satellite-framed encoding choice per se. By analysing naturally occurring constructions in their contexts, I will outline the pragmatic conditions that compensate for lexical and aspectual limitations. When the resultative element (change of location) is a default inference, it can be lexicalized.
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Pulgram, Ernst, and Rebecca Posner. "The Romance Languages." Language 74, no. 1 (March 1998): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/417580.
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Martí-Badia, Adrià. "Els postulats de la filologia romànica internacional sobre l’origen, la identitat i el nom de la llengua catalana (1806-1906)." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 13 (June 27, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.13.15436.
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Resum: Aquest treball analitza els postulats dels romanistes no catalanòfons sobre l’origen, la identitat i el nom de la llengua catalana entre 1806 i 1906. Al segle xix es situa l’inici de la filologia romànica, i cada vegada més erudits cataloguen i estudien les diferents llengües romàniques. Progressivament, en aquest període els romanistes prenen en consideració la llengua catalana, i realitzen afirmacions sobre el seu origen —compartit amb la llengua occitana o independent des de l’inici—, la seua identitat —subordinada a l’occità o autònoma com la resta de llengües romàniques— i el nom amb què cal referir-s’hi.
Abstract: This paper analyses the postulates of the non-Catalan-speaking Romanists about the origin, the identity and the name of the Catalan language between 1806 and 1906. Romance philology emerges in the 19th century and scholars started to categorize and study the different romance languages. Progressively, during this period, Romanists take into consideration the Catalan language and make statements about its origin —shared with the Occitan language or independent from the beginning—, its identity —subordinated to Occitan or autonomous as the other romance languages— and the name with which the language should be mentioned.
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Vrsaljko, Slavica. "Some examples of Croatian dialects’ influence on the lexical diversity of the contemporary linguistic idiom of Zadar among non-native elderly speakers." Review of Croatian history 15, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22586/review.v15i1.9744.
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The synchronic linguistic situation of the urban idiom in the city of Zadar is a result of several strands of dialectal influence: Neo-Shtokavian dialect spoken in the hinterland, Chakavian ikavian (“ikavski”) idiom spoken in the coastal region of Croatia, Central Chakavian ikavian-ekavian (“ikavski-ekavski”) dialect and standard Croatian. Lisac established that the contemporary Zadar idiom consists of a mixture of two Croatian dialects, Chakavian and Shtokavian, each in turn further subdivided into Central Chakavian and South Chakavian, Bosnian-Herzegovinian and East Herzegovinian, respectively. Due to varied historical circumstances, within these dialects we find a number of loanwords, mostly Turkish in Shtokavian and Romance borrowings in the Chakavian dialect. To this end the paper uses linguistic contact theory, applied in research on dialects, and explores influence in one direction only: it explores the presence of Turkish loanwords in Croatian idiom of Zadar (in its Shtokavian dialectal component) and Romance loanwords in the Zadar idiom (in its Chakavian component) but not the influence of Croatian on either Turkish or Romance languages. Hence the recipient language is Croatian (here specifically its Zadar idiom) while the donor languages are Turkish and Romance languages, mainly Venetian Italian but also standard Italian, and in some cases we are dealing with linguistic relics of Romance Dalmatian language in Croatian. We have selected to analyse Turkish loanwords in the Shtokavian dialect and Romance loanwords in the Chakavian dialect (within the Zadar idiom) because they are the most frequent foreign borrowings in the Zadar idiom, especially Romance elements that pervade the varieties of Croatian spoken in the coastal region (they often remain on a regional level only but some have passed from Chakavian into Croatian standard).
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Müller, Natascha. "Crosslinguistic influence in early child bilingualism." EUROSLA Yearbook 2 (August 8, 2002): 135–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eurosla.2.10mul.
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Previous approaches to early bilingualism have argued either that children exposed to two languages from birth are not able to separate their two languages and experience massive cross-linguistic influence or that they do separate their languages from birth and lack crosslinguistic influence. The present paper assumes that both early language separation and crosslinguistic influence coexist in one bilingual individual during the same developmental stage for different grammatical phenomena. The goal of the present paper is to show that how crosslinguistic influence manifests itself depends on particular grammatical properties and is independent of language dominance. The direction of the influence is related to computational complexity (in the sense of Jakubowicz 2000). Data from a bilingual Italian/German child are discussed with respect to argument omissions, V2, and finite verb placement in subordinate clauses. For argument omissions, the Germanic language influences the Romance language and has a delaying effect. For V2 and finite verb placement in subordinate clauses, the Romance language has an accelerating effect on the Germanic language in the case of V2 and a delaying effect in the case of finite verb placement in subordinate clauses.
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Souza, Sweder, Francisco Javier Calvo del Olmo, and Karine Marielly Rocha da Cunha. "Plural Approaches as a Tool for Galician Studies at the Brazilian University: Didactic Experiences in the UFPR Letters Course." Education and Linguistics Research 6, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/elr.v6i1.16826.
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Even today, Galician Studies are (almost) absent in the Brazilian academic landscape. Paradoxical fact, since the role of Galicia and the Galician language are essential for the understanding of the history and the present day of the Portuguese language (Lagares & Monteagudo, 2012). Thus, to minimally fill this gap, we have been working, since 2014, in three optional disciplines where this content is examined in a specific way within the theoretical and methodological framework of the Plural Approaches (Candelier, 2007). The subjects of 30 hours each are: Intercomprehension in Romance Languages; Typology of Romance Languages and Introduction to Galician Language and Culture. The latter addresses the argument in a more tangential way. In this text we describe how work is carried out in the discipline of Introduction to Galician Language and Culture, which can serve as inspiration for other institutions that want to develop similar work.
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Kossarik, M. A. "The treatise on the history of spanish by B. de Aldrete (1606) as the first textbook of romance philology." Philology at MGIMO 6, no. 4 (December 28, 2020): 135–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-4-24-135-145.
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The paper analyses the role of B. de Aldrete’s treatise “Del Origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que oi se usa en España” (1606) in the development of Romance philology. The XVII-century author writes about the most important aspects of internal and external history of Spanish, such as: pre-Romance Spain and substratum languages; Roman conquest and romanization; Hispanic Latin; German conquests of Spain; Arabic conquest and the Reconquista; formation of kingdoms in the north and state-building processes; sociolinguistic situation in Spain; the role of Spanish in the New World; changes from Latin to Spanish in phonetics and morphology; sources of Spanish lexis; early written texts; territorial, social, functional variation of Spanish. Apart from the aspects of Spanish philology, B. de Aldrete pays attention to the formation and functioning of Pyrenean languages: Catalan, Galician, and Portuguese. However, B. de Aldrete does not limit himself to examining Ibero-Romance languages. Many aspects of the history of Spanish are shown against a wider, Romance background, bearing in mind the earlier tradition (the Antiquity, in the first place). He also confronts Spanish with other Romance languages and Latin. The analysis of the first treatise on the history of Spanish makes one reconsider B. de Aldrete’s contribution to the development of language description models and the bases of Romance philology. The treatise sets up a model of Romance philology as a full-fledged philological discipline.
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Toops, Gary Howard. "Romance Objects: Transitivity in Romance Languages (review)." Language 82, no. 2 (2006): 455–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2006.0111.
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Juge, Mathew L. "CATALAN’S PLACE IN ROMANCE REVISITED." Catalan Review: Volume 21, Issue 1 21, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.21.11.
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Catalan is unique among the Romance languages in having a relatively large number of speakers in a thriving speech community but not being the dominant language of a major nation-state. It is also unusual in that its position within the Romance subfamily is a matter of some debate. I argue that the application of the principle of contact linguistics to data from Catalan dialects, especially the Alguerès variety, support rejecting the traditional treatment of Catalan as Ibero-Romance and Occitan as Gallo-Romance in favor of placing Catalan and Occitan together in a separate subbranch.
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Simon, Ellen. "Laryngeal stop systems in contact." Diachronica 28, no. 2 (June 30, 2011): 225–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.28.2.03sim.
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This article examines the linguistic forces at work in present-day second language and bilingual acquisition of laryngeal contrasts, and to what extent these can give us insight into the origin of laryngeal systems of Germanic voicing languages like Dutch, with its contrast between prevoiced and unaspirated stops. The results of present-day child and adult second language acquisition studies reveal that both imposition and borrowing may occur when the laryngeal systems of a voicing and an aspirating language come into contact with each other. A scenario is explored in which socially dominant Germanic-speaking people came into contact with a Romance-speaking population, and borrowed the Romance stop system.
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Müller, Natascha, and Aafke Hulk. "Crosslinguistic influence in bilingual language acquisition: Italian and French as recipient languages." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 4, no. 1 (April 2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728901000116.
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In this paper we want to compare the results from monolingual children with object omissions in bilingual children who have acquired two languages simultaneously. Our longitudinal studies of bilingual Dutch–French, German–French, and German–Italian children show that the bilingual children behave like monolingual children regarding the type of object omissions in the Romance languages. They differ from monolingual children with respect to the extent to which object drop is used. At the same time, the children differentiate the two systems they are using. We want to claim that the difference between monolingual and bilingual children concerning object omissions in the Romance languages is due to crosslinguistic influence in bilingual children: the Germanic language influences the Romance language. Crosslinguistic influence occurs once a syntactic construction in language A allows for more than one grammatical analysis from the perspective of child grammar and language B contains positive evidence for one of these possible analyses. The bilingual child is not able to map the universal strategies onto language-specific rules as quickly as the monolinguals, since s/he is confronted with a much wider range of language-specific syntactic possibilities. One of the possibilities seems to be compatible with a universal strategy. We would like to argue for the existence of crosslinguistic influence, induced by the mapping of universal principles onto language-specific principles – in particular, pragmatic onto syntactic principles. This influence will be defined as mapping induced influence. We will account for the object omissions by postulating an empty discourse-connected PRO in pre-S position (Müller, Crysmann, and Kaiser, 1996; Hulk, 1997). Like monolingual children, bilingual children use this possibility until they show evidence of the C-system (the full clause) in its target form.
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Benazzo, Sandra, Cecilia Andorno, Grazia Interlandi, and Cédric Patin. "Perspective discursive et influence translinguistique." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 3, no. 2 (December 19, 2012): 173–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.3.2.02ben.
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This paper aims to study perspective-taking in L2 discourse at the level of utterance information structure. Many studies have shown how principles of discourse organization partly reflect lexico-grammatical structures available in a given language, and how difficult it is to reorganize L1 discursive habits when acquiring an L2 in adulthood. In this study we compare how L2 learners of Romance languages (French, Italian), with either a Romance or a Germanic language as an L1, organize the information structure of utterances relating contrasting events. Native speakers of Germanic and Romance languages show systematic differences in the selection of the information unit — referential entities or predicate polarity — on which the contrast is highlighted (Dimroth et al. 2010) ; moreover, they differ in the lexical, prosodic and morpho-syntactic means used to achieve this goal. Our data show that L2 learners can adopt the target language perspective in the selection of the information unit to contrast, when the input offers clear evidence for it. However, their choice of linguistic means reveals both the influence of the L1 and the role of more general acquisitional principles, which are still active at the advanced level.
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Morgado, Celda, and Ana Maria Brito. "Verbos copulativos com locativos em Português Europeu e em Língua Gestual Portuguesa." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 242–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln7ano2020a15.
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Verbs and their syntactic and semantic properties have been studied in several languages, in different theoretical frameworks. However, as for copulative verbs, studies of Sign Languages are still scarce, mainly of Portuguese Sign Language. Therefore, in this paper, some properties of predicative phrases with adjectives, participles and locatives in European Portuguese and Portuguese Sign Language are studied, comparing them with other Oral Languages, in particular Iberian Romance languages, and also with other Sign Languages. Portuguese Sign Language data seem to indicate that the copulative verb is lexically realized when there is a locative predicate and that with a non-locative predicate a null copula occurs.
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Ryan, John M. "Embracing Neapolitan as a Language Which Is Key to the Reconstruction of Early Romance." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1377. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0811.01.
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Despite being the second most spoken language on the Italian peninsula, Neapolitan has been overlooked in some of the more important comparative linguistic studies of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. A survey of these studies suggests the preference for: 1) national languages, in this case, Italian, 2) languages that possess comparably the largest number of speakers, especially those that have swelled exponentially for reasons of immigration, as in the cases of Spanish, Portuguese and French; or 3) insular languages such as Sardinian which, despite its relatively low number of speakers, appears to have been included because of its sequestered history and the inevitability of differently evolved forms. The reason for this study is to demonstrate that because of exclusion among the ranks of other more elite languages, certain key structures of Neapolitan have been overlooked as potential exemplars of earlier forms of Romance. This paper suggests reasons for why the exclusion of Neapolitan in previous comparative language studies has only served to obscure the relevance of other factors that are key to the reconstruction of early Romance. The paper will also provide specific examples from the Neapolitan lexicon that serve to demonstrate how this variety conserves early forms of Romance.
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De Knop, Sabine, and Julien Perrez. "Conceptual metaphors as a tool for the efficient teaching of Dutch and German posture verbs." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 12, no. 1 (April 23, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.12.1.01kno.
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The article deals with the typological differences between the Romance language French and the Germanic languages German and Dutch for the linguistic expressions of posture and location. It describes how these typological differences can be problematic for French-speaking learners of German and Dutch. The main difference between both types of languages is that posture and location tend to be encoded by posture verbs in Germanic languages and by very general verbs in Romance languages (Talmy 2000). After a detailed description of the semantic networks of the German and Dutch posture verbs, the paper takes a critical look at how these expressions are dealt with in teaching manuals. It further presents strategies for the efficient teaching of posture verbs to foreign language learners. These strategies are among others awareness-raising exercises about the compulsory use of posture verbs in Germanic languages and the description of conceptual metaphors in different languages. These pedagogical avenues for the efficient teaching of the Dutch and German posture verbs constitute a first step towards the elaboration of an experimental set-up aiming at verifying them.
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Jungbluth, Konstanze. "Os pronomes demonstrativos do Português Brasileiro na fala e na escrita." Cadernos de Linguagem e Sociedade 7 (November 17, 2010): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/les.v7i0.9747.
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The aim of this paper is to propose a system of the demonstrative pronouns in Brazilian Portuguese within the broader context of the other Romance languages. The results of the qualitative research show important differences between the spoken and the written variety. Thus a double-faced systematization is developed. The multi-faceted process of reduction and re-establishment from two- to three-terms-paradigms and vice-versa from Latin to neo-latin languages, esp. from Portuguese to Brazilian Portuguese might be of interest not only for linguists working on Romance Languages but also for those interested in typology, language change and processes of grammaticalization.
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ter Avest, I. J., and K. Mulder. "The Acquisition of Gender Agreement in the Determiner Phrase by Bilingual Children." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 81 (January 1, 2009): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.81.13ave.
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In this paper, we looked at the acquisition of gender agreement in the DP by bilingual children acquiring both a Romance (Spanish or French) and Germanic (Dutch) language. The prediction was that gender agreement would be acquired earlier by bilinguals in their Romance language than in Dutch. Seven French/Dutch and nine Spanish/Dutch children participated in a sentence completion task created to elicit gender-marked determiners. It turned out that the French/Dutch bilinguals made more errors in gender assignment in Dutch than in French, which confirms this hypothesis. The Spanish/Dutch bilinguals showed atypical behaviour, omitting articles in both Dutch and Spanish quite frequendy, which indicated a delay in both languages. Since the French/Dutch bilinguals were more proficient in both languages than their Spanish peers, we suggest that a certain proficiency in the two languages must be attained in order to prevent a delay in acquisition.
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Peterson, David. "The Languages of the Invaders of 711, Invasion and Language Contact in Eighth–Century Northwestern Iberia*." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 527–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.46.
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SummaryA number of disparate onomastic phenomena occurring in northwestern Iberia have long puzzled scholars: the abundance of Arabic personal names in early medieval Christian communities, often fossilised as place–names; the extraordinarily profuse Romance toponym Quintana; and a surprisingly high number of hypothetical Amazigh (i.e. Berber) demonyms. In this paper we argue that these seemingly disparate onomastic phenomena can all be explained if it is accepted that following the Islamic invasion of Iberia in 711, the Amazigh settlers of the Northwest were at least partially latinophone. The internal history of the Maghreb suggests this would have been the case at least in the sense of Latin as a lingua franca, a situation which the speed and superficiality of the Islamic conquest of said region would have been unlikely to have altered significantly. In this context, all of the puzzling onomastic elements encountered in the Northwest fall into place as the result of the conquest and settlement of a Romance– speaking region by Romance–speaking incomers bearing Arabic personal names but retaining their indigenous tribal affiliations and logically choosing to interact with the autochthonous population in the lan-guage they all shared.
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Gallego, Ángel J. "Morpho-syntactic Variation in Romance v: A Micro-parametric Approach." Probus 32, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 401–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2020-0008.
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AbstractThis paper discusses a series of morpho-syntactic properties of Romance languages that have the functional projection vP as its locus, showing a continuum that goes from strongly configurational Romance languages to partially configurational Romance languages. It is argued that v-related phenomena like Differential Object Marking (DOM), participial agreement, oblique clitics, auxiliary selection, and others align in a systematic way when it comes to inflectional properties that involve Case-agreement properties. In order to account for the facts, I argue for a micro-parametric approach whereby v can be associated with an additional projection subject to variation (cf. D’Alessandro, Merging Probes. A typology of person splits and person-driven differential object marking. Ms., University of Leiden, 2012; Microvariation and syntactic theory. What dialects tell us about language. Invited talk given at the workshop The Syntactic Variation of Catalan and Spanish Dialects, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, June 26–28, 2013; Ordóñez, Cartography of postverbal subjects in Spanish and Catalan. In Sergio Baauw, Frank AC Drijkoningen & Manuela Pinto (eds.), Romance languages and linguistic theory 2005: Selected papers from ‘Going Romance’, Utrecht, 8–10 December 2005, 259–280. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 2007). I label such projection “X,” arguing that its feature content and position varies across Romance. More generally, the present paper aims at contributing to our understanding of parametric variation of closely related languages by exploiting the intuition, embodied in the so-called Borer-Chomsky Conjecture, that linguistic variation resides in the functional inventory of the lexicon.
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Pirih Svetina, Nataša, Mojca Schlamberger Brezar, Gregor Perko, and Patrice Pognan. "Ko vsak uporablja svoj lastni jezik in razume svojega sogovorca." Journal for Foreign Languages 8, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.8.99-.
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Intercomprehension is a communication practice where two persons speak their mother tongue and are able to understand each other without being taught the language of their adressee. It is a usual practice between languages that belong to the same linguistic family, for example Slavic, Romance or Germanic languages. In the article, the authors present the notion of intercomprehension as an alternative to communication in English as a lingua franca. That kind of communication was known among Scandinavians, whereas the first teaching method was developped for Romance languages (EuRomCom) at the beginning of the 21st century. Today, more methods exist including German and Slavic languages. In the article, the authors are enumerating some of them and also give a short outline of existing practices.
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Mayr, Paul. "Beobachtungen zur diachronischen Entwicklung der Verbal-periphrase GEHEN + PARTIZIP PERFEKT im italienisch-spanischen Sprachvergleich." Linguistik Online 109, no. 4 (September 3, 2021): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.13092/lo.109.8016.
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The verbal periphrases constitute a typological feature of the Romance languages and they are especially frequent in the Iberoromanic languages. In the context of this paper the diachronic evolution of the Italian periphrase andare + participio passato, which has a diathetic, modal and resultative function, and its formal, but not functional equivalent in Spanish, ir + participio pasado, will be analysed. The study will focus on the analysis of semantic and functional values of these verbal constructions in different historical phases of the Italian and (European) Spanish language in order to investigate the convergences and divergences which arise between the two languages. In addition, some equivalent constructions in other Romance languages, e. g. Catalan and Portuguese, will occasionally be taken in consideration.
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Gachelin, Jean-Marc. "Is English a Romance language?" English Today 6, no. 3 (July 1990): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078400004855.
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GARCIA, MARCOS, CARLOS GÓMEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, and MIGUEL A. ALONSO. "New treebank or repurposed? On the feasibility of cross-lingual parsing of Romance languages with Universal Dependencies." Natural Language Engineering 24, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324917000377.
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AbstractThis paper addresses the feasibility of cross-lingual parsing with Universal Dependencies (UD) between Romance languages, analyzing its performance when compared to the use of manually annotated resources of the target languages. Several experiments take into account factors such as the lexical distance between the source and target varieties, the impact of delexicalization, the combination of different source treebanks or the adaptation of resources to the target language, among others. The results of these evaluations show that the direct application of a parser from one Romance language to another reaches similar labeled attachment score (LAS) values to those obtained with a manual annotation of about 3,000 tokens in the target language, and unlabeled attachment score (UAS) results equivalent to the use of around 7,000 tokens, depending on the case. These numbers can noticeably increase by performing a focused selection of the source treebanks. Furthermore, the removal of the words in the training corpus (delexicalization) is not useful in most cases of cross-lingual parsing of Romance languages. The lessons learned with the performed experiments were used to build a new UD treebank for Galician, with 1,000 sentences manually corrected after an automatic cross-lingual annotation. Several evaluations in this new resource show that a cross-lingual parser built with the best combination and adaptation of the source treebanks performs better (77 percent LAS and 82 percent UAS) than using more than 16,000 (for LAS results) and more than 20,000 (UAS) manually labeled tokens of Galician.
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Nuessel, Frank. "Studies in Romance languages." Lingua 75, no. 1 (May 1988): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(88)90006-x.
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Zaytseva, N. Yu, and S. G. Kurbatova. "ISOMORPHISM AND ALLOMORPHISM OF ROMANCE TERMINOLOGICAL WORD COMBINATIONS." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 29, no. 6 (December 25, 2019): 953–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2019-29-6-953-961.
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The article reflects the main results of comparative-typological study concerning the organization of terminological phrases on the basis of four closely related languages - French, Spanish, Italian and Romanian. Attention is focused on the study of theme-rheme organization of phrases on the material of multilingual and bilingual dictionaries in some of the most priority areas of electronics and electrical engineering. Despite the isomorphism of the studied languages, the complex use of a number of methods (comparative-typological method, quantitative analysis, actual division method, questioning of specialist informants) allowed to detect several allomorphic features in the theme-rheme organization of their word combinations. They consist in the use of possessive and definite articles, prepositions, and ordinal numbers. The presence of possessive articles in the Romanian language is recognized as the most striking allomorphic property, thanks to which theme-rheme organization of a Romanian word-combination becomes more transparent in comparison with other Romance languages. The importance of the study of allomorphic features of languages for lexicography, theory and practice of translation is emphasized.
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Juffs, Alan. "Some effects of first language argument structure and morphosyntax on second language sentence processing." Second Language Research 14, no. 4 (October 1998): 406–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/026765898668800317.
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This article explores some effects of first language verb-argument structure on second language processing of English as a second language. Speakers of Chinese, Japanese or Korean, three Romance languages and native English speakers provided word-by-word reading times and grammaticality judgement data in a self-paced reading task. Results suggest that reliable differences in parsing are not restricted to cases where verb-argument structure differs crosslinguistically.
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Iacobini, Claudio. "“Rapiéçages faits avec sa propre étoffe”: Discontinuity and convergence in Romance prefixation." Word Structure 12, no. 2 (July 2019): 176–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0145.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of prefixation in Romance languages putting in relation the differences between standard and non-standard varieties in the current synchronic stage and, from a diachronic perspective, the different productivity of verbal prefixation and nominal and adjectival prefixation over the history of Romance languages. The article also deals with the relations between system-internal factors, such as the delimitation and interaction between native and foreign word-formation, as well as the competition between verbal prefixation and other linguistic resources through which spatial information can be expressed. The focus will also be placed on system-external factors, including the diffusion in common language of learned terms which have contributed to revitalizing nominal and adjectival prefixation, although not verbal prefixation. Such an approach makes it possible to account for the higher productivity in current standard Romance languages of nominal and adjectival prefixation compared with verbal prefixation. Furthermore, it provides an explanation for the differences between standard and non-standard Romance languages with regard to the productivity of nominal and adjectival prefixation. The replacement of spatial verbal prefixes with verbs expressing path in the root is interpreted as the result of a more general restructuring of space encoding.
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Ivancu, Ovidiu. "A Pedagogical Perspective on the Definite and the Indefinite Article in the Romanian Language. Challenges for Foreign Learners." Verbum 10 (December 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/verb.6.
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All Romance languages have developed the definite and the indefinite article via the Vulgar Latin (Classical Latin did not use articles), the language of the Roman colonists. According to Joseph H. Greenberg (1978), the definite article predated the indefinite one by approximately two centuries, being developed from demonstratives through a complex process of grammaticalization. Many areas of nowadays` Romania were incorporated into the Roman Empire for about 170 years. After two military campaign, the Roman emperor Trajan conquered Dacia, east of Danube.The Romans imposed their own administration and inforced Latin as lingua franca.The language of the colonists, mixed with the native language and, later on, with various languages spoken by the many migrant populations that followed the Roman retreat resulted in a new language (Romanian), of Latin origins. The Romanian language, attested in the 16th Century, in documents written by foreign travellers, uses four different types of articles. Being a highly inflected language, Romanian changes the form of the articles according to the gender, the number and the case of the noun As compared to the other Romance languages, Romanian uses the definite article enclitically. Thus, the definite article and the noun constitute a single word. The present paper aims at discussing, analysing and providing an overview of the use of definite and indefinite articles. The general norm and its various exceptions are examined from a broader perspective, synchronically and diachronically. The pedagogical perspective is meant to offer a comprehensible synthesis to foreign learners.
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Grice, Martine, and Frank Kügler. "Prosodic Prominence – A Cross-Linguistic Perspective." Language and Speech 64, no. 2 (June 2021): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00238309211015768.
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This paper is concerned with the contributions of signal-driven and expectation-driven mechanisms to a general understanding of the phenomenon of prosodic prominence from a cross-linguistic perspective. It serves as an introduction to the concept of prosodic prominence and discusses the eight papers in the Special Issue, which cover a genetically diverse range of languages. These include Djambarrpuyŋu (an Australian Pama-Nyungan language), Samoan (an Austronesian Malayo-Polynesian language), the Indo-European languages English (Germanic), French (Romance), and Russian (Slavic), Korean (Koreanic), Medumba (Bantu), and two Sino-Tibetan languages, Mandarin and Taiwanese Southern Min.
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Akhmetovna Moiseeva, Sophia. "Polymodality of the verbs of perception (as exemplified by the Western Romance languages)." Journal of Language and Literature 5, no. 3 (August 30, 2014): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/jll.2014/5-3/53.
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Kiegel-Keicher, Yvonne. "La integración de préstamos léxicos y la cuestión del aducto: evidencia del contacto lingüístico árabe-romance." Revista Española de Lingüística 1, no. 51 (August 3, 2021): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31810/rsel.51.1.3.
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Al incorporarse un préstamo léxico al sistema de la lengua receptora, se ve afectado por ciertos procesos de adaptación. En cuanto a su integración fonológica, no obstante, se plantea la cuestión de cuál es el aducto al que los hablantes aplican estos procesos: ¿es la representación fonética o la fonológica del étimo la que sirve de base? En el debate que se ha entablado en torno a esta pregunta destacan tres posiciones principales. Sus argumentos se basan fundamentalmente, aparte de los fenómenos lingüísticos relevantes, en el papel que desempeñan en la adaptación los hablantes bilingües, los monolingües, o ambos a la vez, respectivamente. El presente artículo ofrece una contribución a este debate, presentando datos lingüísticos del contacto árabe-romance que se discutirán junto con las condiciones sociolingüísticas de su adopción.
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Groom, Quentin, Henry Engledow, Ann Bogaerts, Nuno Veríssimo Pereira, and Sofie De Smedt. "Citizen science at the borders of Romance (www.doedat.be)." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 21, 2018): e24991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.24991.
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Many, if not most, countries have several official or widely used languages. And most, if not all, of these countries have herbaria. Furthermore, specimens have been exchanged between herbaria from many countries, so herbaria are often polylingual collections. It is therefore useful to have label transcription systems that can attract users proficient in a wide variety of languages. Belgium is a typical polylingual country at the boundary between the Romance and Franconian languages (French, Dutch & German). Yet, currently there are few non-English transcription platforms for citizen science. This is why in Belgium we built DoeDat, from the Digivol system of the Atlas of Living Australia. We will be demonstrating DoeDat and its multilingual features. We will explain how we enter translations, both for the user interface and for the dynamic parts of the website. We will share our experiences of running a multilingual site and the challenges it brings. Translating and running such a website requires skilled personnel and patience. However, our experience has been positive and the number and quality of our volunteer transcriptions has been rewarding. We look forward to the further use of DoeDat to transcribe data in many other languages. There are no reasons anymore to exclude willing volunteers in any language.
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Murray, Robert W., and Naomi Cull. "Proto-Romance and the Origin of the Romance Languages." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 18, no. 2 (January 1, 1994): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.18.2.08mur.
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Tacke, Felix. "Die historische Betrachtung der romanischen Sprachen. Zur Zukunft der Sprachgeschichte in der universitären Lehre." Romanische Forschungen 133, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 68–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3196/003581221831922409.
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Once at the core of Romance philology, the teaching of Historical Romance Linguistics has all but vanished from university curricula Even though language change is constitutive for any natural language, most bachelor degree programs focus on synchronic studies these days Nevertheless, instead of arguing for the reintroduction of compulsory Old French or Old Spanish courses, this paper promotes another vision of Historical Linguistics in academic education In line with Christmann (1975) and Böckle / Lebsanft (1989), it will be shown that it is possible to include a solid introduction to Historical Linguistics in today's curricula and, at the same time, adapt it both to modern teaching conditions and the needs of bachelor degree students by taking the contemporary Romance languages as a starting point and applying a diachronic perspective on their features In this context, the recently published History of Spanish by Ranson / Lubbers Quesada (2018) will be presented as an example of a textbook that represents this approach in a nearly perfect manner.
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Rocchi, Luciano. "Turkish as a Mediterranean language." Lexicographica 33, no. 2017 (August 28, 2018): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lex-2017-0005.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on linguistic contacts between Turkish as the receiving language and other languages of the Mediterranean area (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, French, Greek, Ibero-Romance varieties, Italian, Serbo-Croatian). In the first part, a general overview is given of the contact situation and historical background; in the second, the treatment of loanwords from the above-mentioned languages in Turkish lexicography is sketched and briefly discussed.
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Rocchi, Luciano. "Turkish as a Mediterranean language." Lexicographica 33, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2017-0005.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on linguistic contacts between Turkish as the receiving language and other languages of the Mediterranean area (Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, French, Greek, Ibero-Romance varieties, Italian, Serbo-Croatian). In the first part, a general overview is given of the contact situation and historical background; in the second, the treatment of loanwords from the above-mentioned languages in Turkish lexicography is sketched and briefly discussed.
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Colominas Aparicio, Mònica. "Spanish Islam in Arabic Script." Intellectual History of the Islamicate World 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 101–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2212943x-00702012.
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Abstract The present study discusses language as a tool of identity construction by Muslims from the Late Medieval and Early Modern Christian Iberian Peninsula who could practice Islam by law in exchange for paying taxes (Mudejars). Their writings, as well as those of the group who were later forced to convert to Christianity (Moriscos), are in various languages and scripts. The Arabic (Aljamiado) used to transcribe Romance is distinctive and abundant evidence of it is left from the later Morisco period. The earlier uses of language by the Mudejars are nonetheless essential to understand how Muslims negotiated their community boundaries within a Christian majority society. My analysis will concentrate on two Mudejar polemics against the Christians and the Jews, which were most likely composed in fourteenth-century Aragon. In these works, approaches to language and the interplay of Arabic—both as a target language and as a script—with Romance escape discrete definitions of religion and culture.1
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Cohen, Walter. "The Rise of the Written Vernacular: Europe and Eurasia." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 126, no. 3 (May 2011): 719–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2011.126.3.719.
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When Students of Western European Medieval Literature speak of the rise of the vernacular, they often do not mean what you might think they mean—neither the continued use of Latin as a written vernacular for over five hundred years after the fall of the Roman Empire nor the first texts in Celtic, Germanic, and Semitic languages, from the fourth to the tenth century. They mean something later and geographically narrower—the writing that emerges from the breakup of Latin into distinct regional speech patterns, the Romance languages and literatures, primarily in the territories of modern France, Spain, Italy, and Portugal. Although understanding the rise of Romance-language literature as the rise of vernacular writing misrepresents medieval European literature, it has an important rationale. The twelfth-century literature of what is now France—Old French romance in the north, Occitan (formerly Provençal) lyric in the south—establishes continent-wide norms, thereby giving European literature a coherent set of forms and themes for the first time.
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Esteban, Avelino Corral. "The Asturian language and the evolution of Romance clausal structure." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie 135, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 741–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrp-2019-0042.
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Abstract Over the past few years, the comprehensive study of syntactic variation across both the Germanic and the Romance branches of languages in relation to the unmarked word order pattern has meant a more in-depth knowledge of the nature of the verb-second phenomenon – an extremely intricate typological concept because of the complex factors that give rise to such a word order restriction. The aim of this paper is to investigate word order phenomena in the Asturian language (Romance, Western Iberian: Spain) from a comparative perspective1 by examining the word order patterns found in a number of documents written over the course of two centuries, with a view to determining what constitutes the unmarked word order and gaining a better understanding of its core syntax. Such a study has entailed collating research on the verb-first, verb-second and subject-verb-object orders. Finally, it aims to shed more light on the evolutionary development of the Romance languages.