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Journal articles on the topic 'RAFT synthesis'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 8 February 2022

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1

Van der Luit, Arnold H., Marianne Budde, Shuraila Zerp, et al. "Resistance to alkyl-lysophospholipid-induced apoptosis due to downregulated sphingomyelin synthase 1 expression with consequent sphingomyelin- and cholesterol-deficiency in lipid rafts." Biochemical Journal 401, no. 2 (2006): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20061178.

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The ALP (alkyl-lysophospholipid) edelfosine (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine; Et-18-OCH3) induces apoptosis in S49 mouse lymphoma cells. To this end, ALP is internalized by lipid raft-dependent endocytosis and inhibits phosphatidylcholine synthesis. A variant cell-line, S49AR, which is resistant to ALP, was shown previously to be unable to internalize ALP via this lipid raft pathway. The reason for this uptake failure is not understood. In the present study, we show that S49AR cells are unable to synthesize SM (sphingomyelin) due to down-regulated SMS1 (SM synthase 1) exp

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2

Laliberte, Jason P., Lori W. McGinnes, Mark E. Peeples, and Trudy G. Morrison. "Integrity of Membrane Lipid Rafts Is Necessary for the Ordered Assembly and Release of Infectious Newcastle Disease Virus Particles." Journal of Virology 80, no. 21 (2006): 10652–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01183-06.

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ABSTRACT Membrane lipid raft domains are thought to be sites of assembly for many enveloped viruses. The roles of both classical lipid rafts and lipid rafts associated with the membrane cytoskeleton in the assembly of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were investigated. The lipid raft-associated proteins caveolin-1, flotillin-2, and actin were incorporated into virions, while the non-lipid raft-associated transferrin receptor was excluded. Kinetic analyses of the distribution of viral proteins in lipid rafts, as defined by detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs), in non-lipid raft membranes, and in v

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3

Etmimi, Hussein M., and Ronald D. Sanderson. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polystyrene-Graphite Nanocomposites via Surface Raft-Mediated Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.527.

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The synthesis of polystyrene/GO (PS-GO) nanocomposites using the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) mediated polymerization method is described. The GO was synthesized and immobilized with a RAFT agent to afford RAFT-functionalized GO nanosheets. The RAFT-immobilized GO was used for the synthesis of PS nanocomposites in a controlled manner using miniemulsion polymerization. The moelcular weight and dispersity of the PS in the nanocomposites depended on the amount of RAFT-grafted GO in the system, in accordance with the features of the RAFT-mediated polymerization. X-ray di

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4

Barner-Kowollik, Christopher, Thomas P. Davis, and Martina H. Stenzel. "Synthesis of Star Polymers using RAFT Polymerization: What is Possible?" Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2006): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06297.

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Various pathways to generate star polymers using reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) are discussed. Similar to other polymerization techniques, star polymers can be generated using arm-first and core-first approaches. Unique to the RAFT process is the subdivision of the core-first approach into the R-group and Z-group approaches, depending on the attachment of the RAFT agent to the multifunctional core. The mechanism of the R- and Z-group approaches are discussed in detail and it is shown that both techniques have to overcome difficulties arising from termination reactions. Termi

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5

Keddie, Daniel J., Graeme Moad, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "RAFT Agent Design and Synthesis." Macromolecules 45, no. 13 (2012): 5321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma300410v.

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6

Hilschmann, Jessica, Gerhard Wenz, and Gergely Kali. "One-pot synthesis of block-copolyrotaxanes through controlled rotaxa-polymerization." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (July 3, 2017): 1310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.127.

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The aqueous reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of isoprene and bulky comonomers, an acrylate and an acrylamide in the presence of methylated β-cyclodextrin was employed for the first time to synthesize block-copolyrotaxanes. RAFT polymerizations started from a symmetrical bifunctional trithiocarbonate and gave rise to triblock-copolymers where the outer polyacrylate/polyacrylamide blocks act as stoppers for the cyclodextrin rings threaded onto the inner polyisoprene block. Statistical copolyrotaxanes were synthesized by RAFT polymerization as well. RAFT po

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7

Wu, Chien-Wei, Shyang-Guang Wang, Ching-Hsiao Lee, Wen-Ling Chan, Meng-Liang Lin, and Shih-Shun Chen. "Enforced C-Src Activation Causes Compartmental Dysregulation of PI3K and PTEN Molecules in Lipid Rafts of Tongue Squamous Carcinoma Cells by Attenuating Rac1-Akt-GLUT-1-Mediated Sphingolipid Synthesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 16 (2020): 5812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21165812.

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Pharmacologic intervention to affect the membrane lipid homeostasis of lipid rafts is a potent therapeutic strategy for cancer. Here we showed that gallic acid (GA) caused the complex formation of inactive Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-phospho (p)-casein kinase 2 α (CK2α) (Tyr 255) in human tongue squamous carcinoma (TSC) cells, which disturbed the lipid raft membrane-targeting of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Rac1-protein kinase B (Akt) signal molecules by inducing the association of p110α-free p85α with unphosphorylated phosphatase tensin homolog deleted on chromos

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8

Moad, Graeme, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update." Australian Journal of Chemistry 59, no. 10 (2006): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch06250.

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This paper provides a first update to the review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of Reversible Addition–Fragmentation chain Transfer (RAFT) published in June 2005. The time since that publication has witnessed an increased rate of publication on the topic with the appearance of well over 200 papers covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging over reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics, and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and diverse applications.

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9

Vo, Cong-Duan, J. Rosselgong, Steven P. Armes, and Norman C. Billingham. "RAFT Synthesis of Branched Acrylic Copolymers." Macromolecules 40, no. 20 (2007): 7119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma0713299.

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10

Hui, Jia, Yan Shi, and Zhi Feng Fu. "Synthesis and Characterization of well Defined Polychloroprene by RAFT Polymerization." Advanced Materials Research 787 (September 2013): 241–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.241.

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Well defined polychloroprene has been synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization with 2-(ethoxycarbonyl) prop-2-yl dithiobenzoate (EPDTB) as RAFT agent, AIBN as initiator, Chloroprene as monomer. Polymerization with two different feed ratios of monomer to RAFT agent were carried out. The sampling products at different reaction times were characterized using GPC and 1H-NMR. The GPC results demonstrated the molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn) were narrow, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) was developed linearly with monomer conversion. All

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11

Nurumbetov, Gabit, Nikolaos Engelis, Jamie Godfrey, et al. "Methacrylic block copolymers by sulfur free RAFT (SF RAFT) free radical emulsion polymerisation." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 6 (2017): 1084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py02038k.

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We demonstrate the use of sulfur free reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation (RAFT) as a versatile tool for the controlled synthesis of methacrylic block and comb-like copolymers.

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12

Moad, Graeme, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process." Australian Journal of Chemistry 58, no. 6 (2005): 379. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch05072.

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This paper presents a review of living radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds [ZC(=S)SR] by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT). Since we first introduced the technique in 1998, the number of papers and patents on the RAFT process has increased exponentially as the technique has proved to be one of the most versatile for the provision of polymers of well defined architecture. The factors influencing the effectiveness of RAFT agents and outcome of RAFT polymerization are detailed. With this insight, guidelines are presented on how to c

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13

Moad, Graeme, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update." Australian Journal of Chemistry 62, no. 11 (2009): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch09311.

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This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379–410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669–692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization

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14

Yang, Xue, Yan Sun, Yang Xiang, Fengtao Qiu, and Guoqi Fu. "Controlled synthesis of PEGylated surface protein-imprinted nanoparticles." Analyst 144, no. 18 (2019): 5439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9an01221d.

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15

Sun, Jingjiang, Stefan Fransen, Xiaoqian Yu, and Dirk Kuckling. "Synthesis of pH-cleavable poly(trimethylene carbonate)-based block copolymers via ROP and RAFT polymerization." Polymer Chemistry 9, no. 23 (2018): 3287–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8py00606g.

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16

Jiang, Lu, Sing Shy Liow, and Xian Jun Loh. "Synthesis of a new poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) RAFT agent." Polymer Chemistry 7, no. 9 (2016): 1693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5py01812a.

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Biodegradable, sustainable and biocompatible natural poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) has been modified by 1-hexanol through transesterification to form a mono-hydroxylated PHB, which reacted with thiocarbonylthio compound to generate macro mono-hydroxylated PHB chain transfer agent (CTA) for RAFT polymerization with DMAEMA monomer. Kinetic processes of transesterification reaction and RAFT polymerization were carefully investigated.

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17

Foster, Jeffrey C., Scott C. Radzinski, and John B. Matson. "Graft polymer synthesis by RAFT transfer-to." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 55, no. 18 (2017): 2865–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.28621.

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18

Martinez-Botella, Ivan. "Continuous Flow Synthesis of RAFT Block Copolymers." Australian Journal of Chemistry 68, no. 1 (2015): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14463.

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19

Moad, Graeme, Ezio Rizzardo, and San H. Thang. "Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (2012): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12295.

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This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include rea

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20

Shi, Stephanie T., Ki-Jeong Lee, Hideki Aizaki, Soon B. Hwang, and Michael M. C. Lai. "Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication Occurs on a Detergent-Resistant Membrane That Cofractionates with Caveolin-2." Journal of Virology 77, no. 7 (2003): 4160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.77.7.4160-4168.2003.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism and machinery of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication are still poorly understood. In this study, we labeled de novo-synthesized viral RNA in situ with bromouridine triphosphate (BrUTP) in Huh7 cells expressing an HCV subgenomic replicon. By immunofluorescence staining using an anti-BrUTP antibody and confocal microscopy, we showed that the newly synthesized HCV RNA was localized to distinct speckle-like structures, which also contain all of the HCV nonstructural (NS) proteins. These speckles are distinct from lipid droplets and are separated from the endoplasmic reti

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21

Gurnani, Pratik, Thomas Floyd, Joji Tanaka, et al. "PCR-RAFT: rapid high throughput oxygen tolerant RAFT polymer synthesis in a biology laboratory." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 6 (2020): 1230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01521c.

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We performed high-throughput oxygen tolerant ultra-fast RAFT polymerisation producing complex polymer libraries utilising PCR thermocyclers. This now enables the preparation of these libraries in under 5 min without chemistry equipment.

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22

Liu, Chonggao, Shuang Wang, Heng Zhou, Chengqiang Gao, and Wangqing Zhang. "Thermoresponsive poly(ionic liquid): Controllable RAFT synthesis, thermoresponse, and application in dispersion RAFT polymerization." Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 54, no. 7 (2015): 945–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.27929.

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23

Zhang, Ping, and Shan Shan Wu. "Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(N-Isopropylacrylamide)-Modified Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles." Advanced Materials Research 771 (September 2013): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.771.141.

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This paper reports a surface functional polymer- poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) was grafted on the surface of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles. It has been demonstrated that Reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) agent was successfully grafted onto the surface of ZnO. PNIPAM chains were successfully grafted from the surface of ZnO via RAFT process by using RAFT agent immobilized on ZnO. The effect of surface modification on the size, structure, morphology, and properties of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated. The thickness of a PNIPAM monolayer bound to the ZnO core is som

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24

Zhu, Yuejia, Luoyu Gao, Zhenjiang Li, et al. "Merging of cationic RAFT and radical RAFT polymerizations with ring-opening polymerizations for the synthesis of asymmetric ABCD type tetrablock copolymers in one pot." Polymer Chemistry 12, no. 34 (2021): 4974–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1py00971k.

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A new bifunctional and switchable RAFT agent and a mechanism switching strategy were proposed to control the cationic RAFT polymerization, radical RAFT polymerization and ring-opening polymerization of vinyl and cyclic ester monomers and to produce block copolymers.

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25

Li, Lanlan, Ruyi Jiang, Jinxing Chen, Mozhen Wang, and Xuewu Ge. "In situ synthesis and self-reinforcement of polymeric composite hydrogel based on particulate macro-RAFT agents." RSC Advances 7, no. 3 (2017): 1513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra25929d.

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Novel nanoparticles-reinforced polyacrylamide-based hydrogel with high mechanical strength can be prepared through the RAFT polymerization of acrylamide and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate in the presence of particulate macro-RAFT agents in water.

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26

Jaramillo-Soto, Gabriel, and Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima. "RAFT Copolymerization of Styrene/Divinylbenzene in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 8 (2012): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12291.

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An experimental study on the kinetics of the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion copolymerization with crosslinking of styrene and divinylbenzene in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is presented. This is the first time that such a controlled polymer network synthesis is carried out in scCO2. S-Thiobenzoyl thioglycolic acid (TBTGA) and dibenzoyl peroxide were used as RAFT agent and initiator, respectively. The polymerizations were carried out in a high pressure cell with lateral sapphire windows at 80°C. The effect of RAFT agent concentration, including the ca

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27

Reyhani, Amin, Thomas G. McKenzie, Qiang Fu, and Greg G. Qiao. "Redox-Initiated Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) Polymerization." Australian Journal of Chemistry 72, no. 7 (2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch19109.

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Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization initiated by a radical-forming redox reaction between a reducing and an oxidizing agent (i.e. ‘redox RAFT’) represents a simple, versatile, and highly useful platform for controlled polymer synthesis. Herein, the potency of a wide range of redox initiation systems including enzyme-mediated redox reactions, the Fenton reaction, peroxide-based reactions, and metal-catalyzed redox reactions, and their application in initiating RAFT polymerization, are reviewed. These redox-RAFT polymerization methods have been widely studied f

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28

Peng, Xiao Quan, and Chun Ju He. "Functional Chain Transfer Agent and its Application in Block Polymer Synthesis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 475–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.475.

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In this report, s-1-dodecyl-s’-(α,α’-dimethyl-α’’-dimethyl-α’’-aceticacid) trithiocarbonate (RAFT-COOH) was successfully synthesized by phase transfer catalyst reaction, which was then amidated with diaminopropyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (NH2-PDMS-NH2) to synthesize PDMS-based macro-RAFT agent to control the synthesis of tri-block copolymer PDMA-b-PDMS-b-PDMA. The successful synthesis of small and macro chain transfer has been confirmed by techniques of FTIR. Moreover, the polymerization to synthesize tri-block copolymer proceeded with first-order kinetics, which showed the reaction sys

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29

Agarwal, Nitin, Kranthi Kunkalla, Daniel Bilbao, Ralf Landgraf, and Francisco Vega. "Novel Role of Raft-Associated Smoothened (SMO) in AKT Signal Regulation in Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121847.

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Constitutive PI3K/AKT activation is relevant to multiple aspects of tumor growth and survival in numerous cancers including diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). For example, PTEN loss is one of the mechanisms leading to constitutive PI3K/AKT activation in a subset of DLBCL. Smoothened (SMO) is a seven transmembrane spanning and Frizzled-class G-protein coupled receptor that functions as a Hedgehog (Hh) signal transducer. SMO is overexpressed in DLBCL cell lines and tumors. While canonical Hh signaling culminates in the activation of GLI transcription factors and is best understood in the con

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30

Pei, Yiwen, Odilia R. Sugita, Luckshen Thurairajah, and Andrew B. Lowe. "Synthesis of poly(stearyl methacrylate-b-3-phenylpropyl methacrylate) nanoparticles in n-octane and associated thermoreversible polymorphism." RSC Advances 5, no. 23 (2015): 17636–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00274e.

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Poly(stearyl methacrylate) with average degrees of polymerization ranging from 18–30 were prepared by RAFT radical polymerization and then employed as macro-chain transfer agents in RAFT dispersion formulations with 3-phenylpropyl methacrylate as the comonomer.

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31

Yusof, Noor Fadilah, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, and Faiz Bukhari Mohd Suah. "The effect of RAFT polymerization on the physical properties of thiamphenicol-imprinted polymer." E3S Web of Conferences 67 (2018): 03050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186703050.

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The necessity to overcome limitation of conventional free radical polymerization, technology has shifted the way to find an effective method for polymer synthesis, called controlled radical polymerization (CRP). One of the most studied controlled radical system is reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The method relies on efficient chain-transfer processes which are mediated typically by thiocarbonyl-containing RAFT agents e.g., dithioesters. The presented study revealed the potential benefit in applying RAFT polymerization towards the synthesis of molecularly

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32

Pei, Yiwen, Kevin Jarrett, Leonardo Gutierrez Garces, et al. "Synthesis and characterisation of non-ionic AB-diblock nanoparticles prepared by RAFT dispersion polymerization with polymerization-induced self-assembly." RSC Advances 6, no. 33 (2016): 28130–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra04649e.

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Vlasov, Artem, Alexandra O. Grigoreva, and Sergey D. Zaitsev. "Synthesis and Investigation of pH-Switchable RAFT Agent in Polymerization of Styrene." Key Engineering Materials 899 (September 8, 2021): 638–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.899.638.

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pH-switchable chain transfer agent 1-cyano-1-methylethyl (phenyl)(pyridin-4-yl)-carbamodithioate (CMPC) was synthesized and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene in presence of CMPC was studied. It was shown that presence of CMPC affects molar mass distribution and kinetic features and realizes supposed mechanism of RAFT polymerization. Different effect of CMPC on polymerization of styrene in presence of protic acids was studied.

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Azemar, Fabrice, Donatien Gomes-Rodrigues, Jean-Jacques Robin, and Sophie Monge. "Synthesis and self-assembly of carbamoylmethylphosphonate acrylamide-based diblock copolymers: new valuable thermosensitive materials." Dalton Transactions 45, no. 5 (2016): 1881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5dt03289j.

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Pan, Xiangyu, Xiaofeng Guo, Bonnie Choi, Anchao Feng, Xiaohu Wei, and San H. Thang. "A facile synthesis of pH stimuli biocompatible block copolymer poly(methacrylic acid)-block-poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) utilizing switchable RAFT agents." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 16 (2019): 2083–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00110g.

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Arcens, Dounia, Gaëlle Le Fer, Etienne Grau, Stéphane Grelier, Henri Cramail, and Frédéric Peruch. "Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of glycolipids, their polymerization and self-assembly." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 24 (2020): 3994–4004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py00526f.

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This paper describes the synthesis of bio-based methacrylated 12-hydroxystearate glucose (MASG), and its (co)polymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) by either free- or RAFT radical polymerizations.

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Avramovic, Milena, Lynne Katsikas, Branko Dunjic, and Ivanka Popovic. "Reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization - RAFT." Chemical Industry 58, no. 11 (2004): 514–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0411514a.

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The fundamentals of controlled radical polymerization are presented in this review. The paper focuses on reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The mechanism and specifics of this type of polymerization are discussed, as are the possibilities of synthesizing complex macro-molecular structures. The synthesis and properties of RAFT agents, of the general structure Z-C(=S)-S-R, are presented.

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38

Gibson, R. R., E. J. Cornel, O. M. Musa, A. Fernyhough, and S. P. Armes. "RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in ethanol–water binary mixtures: synthesis of diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 10 (2020): 1785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py01768b.

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Diblock copolymer vesicles with deformable membranes are prepared via RAFT dispersion polymerisation of lauryl methacrylate in an 80 : 20 w/w ethanol–water mixture; visible light irradiation allows facile RAFT chain-end removal from these nano-objects.

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Li, Binxin, Daniel Majonis, Peng Liu, and Mitchell A. Winnik. "Synthesis and characterization of a naphthalimide–dye end-labeled copolymer by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 89, no. 3 (2011): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v10-134.

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We describe the synthesis of an end-functionalized copolymer of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide methacrylate (NMS) by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. To control the polymer composition, the faster reacting monomer (NMS) was added slowly to the reaction mixture beginning 30 min after initating the polymerization (ca. 16% HPMA conversion). One RAFT agent, based on azocyanopentanoic acid, introduced a –COOH group to the chain at one end. Use of a different RAFT agent containing a 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide dye introduced a U

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40

ROUQUETTE-JAZDANIAN, Alexandre K., Claudette PELASSY, Jean-Philippe BREITTMAYER, Jean-Louis COUSIN, and Claude AUSSEL. "Metabolic labelling of membrane microdomains/rafts in Jurkat cells indicates the presence of glycerophospholipids implicated in signal transduction by the CD3 T-cell receptor." Biochemical Journal 363, no. 3 (2002): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3630645.

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Cell membranes contain sphingolipids and cholesterol, which cluster together in distinct domains called rafts. The outer-membrane leaflet of these peculiar membrane domains contains glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, while the inner leaflet contains proteins implicated in signalling, such as the acylated protein kinase p56lck and the palmitoylated adaptator LAT (linker for activation of T-cells). We present here an approach to study the lipid composition of rafts and its change upon T-cell activation. Our method is based on metabolic labelling of Jurkat T-cells with different prec

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41

Harrisson, Simon, Xuan Liu, Jean-Noël Ollagnier, Olivier Coutelier, Jean-Daniel Marty, and Mathias Destarac. "RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Esters: Synthesis and Applications." Polymers 6, no. 5 (2014): 1437–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym6051437.

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42

Hojjati, Behnaz, Ruohong Sui, and Paul A. Charpentier. "Synthesis of TiO2/PAA nanocomposite by RAFT polymerization." Polymer 48, no. 20 (2007): 5850–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.054.

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Gu, Renpeng, William Z. Xu, and Paul A. Charpentier. "Synthesis of graphene-polystyrene nanocomposites via RAFT polymerization." Polymer 55, no. 21 (2014): 5322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2014.08.064.

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44

MORI, Hideharu, and Takeshi ENDO. "Precise Synthesis of Functional Polymers by RAFT Polymerization." KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU 64, no. 10 (2007): 655–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/koron.64.655.

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Goudsmit, Robert J., John G. Jeffrey, Brian F. G. Johnson, et al. "An improved synthesis of Os6 raft-like clusters." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 1 (1986): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39860000024.

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Kuroki, Agnès, Ivan Martinez-Botella, Christian H. Hornung, et al. "Looped flow RAFT polymerization for multiblock copolymer synthesis." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 21 (2017): 3249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7py00630f.

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Chen, Ming, Kenneth P. Ghiggino, Albert W. H. Mau, Ezio Rizzardo, San H. Thang, and Gerard J. Wilson. "Synthesis of light harvesting polymers by RAFT methods." Chemical Communications, no. 19 (September 11, 2002): 2276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b206166j.

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Xin, Xiuqiang, Yanmei Wang, and Wei Liu. "Synthesis of zwitterionic block copolymers via RAFT polymerization." European Polymer Journal 41, no. 7 (2005): 1539–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2005.01.015.

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Ouled-Haddou, Hakim, Kahia Messaoudi, Yohann Demont, et al. "A new role of glutathione peroxidase 4 during human erythroblast enucleation." Blood Advances 4, no. 22 (2020): 5666–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003100.

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Abstract:

Abstract The selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), the only member of the glutathione peroxidase family able to directly reduce cell membrane–oxidized fatty acids and cholesterol, was recently identified as the central regulator of ferroptosis. GPX4 knockdown in mouse hematopoietic cells leads to hemolytic anemia and to increased spleen erythroid progenitor death. The role of GPX4 during human erythropoiesis is unknown. Using in vitro erythroid differentiation, we show here that GPX4-irreversible inhibition by 1S,3R-RSL3 (RSL3) and its short hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown strongly imp

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Raju Kutcherlapati, S. N., Niranjan Yeole, Madhusudhan Reddy Gadi, Ramu Sridhar Perali, and Tushar Jana. "RAFT mediated one-pot synthesis of glycopolymer particles with tunable core–shell morphology." Polymer Chemistry 8, no. 8 (2017): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6py02202b.

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