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Journal articles on the topic 'RAFT'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Melese, Fekadu. "Improved Performance of Raft Foundation Using Detached Pile Columns in Loose Subsoil Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (March 8, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4002545.

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Piles act as settlement reducers in case of connected piled-raft foundation and hence decrease the settlements of the raft. The design concept of the connected piled-raft foundations is to lessen the number of piles and utilize the bearing capacity of the system piled raft. Due to significant straining actions at the pile head-raft connection, an alternative technique is proposed to disconnect the piles from the raft. A granular layer (cushion) beneath the raft is incorporated. The disconnection has a beneficial effect on reducing axial load compared to connected piles. For small piled rafts,

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2

Leitinger, Birgit, and Nancy Hogg. "The involvement of lipid rafts in the regulation of integrin function." Journal of Cell Science 115, no. 5 (2002): 963–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.115.5.963.

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Integrin activity on cells such as T lymphocytes is tightly controlled. Here we demonstrate a key role for lipid rafts in regulating integrin function. Without stimulation integrin LFA-1 is excluded from lipid rafts, but following activation LFA-1 is mobilised to the lipid raft compartment. An LFA-1 construct from which the I domain has been deleted mimics activated integrin and is constitutively found in lipid rafts. This correlation between integrin activation and raft localisation extends to a second integrin,α4β1, and the clustering of α4β1 is also raft dependent. Both LFA-1 and α4β1-media

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Singh, Ajay Pratap, Rathor ., and Jitendra Kumar Sharma. "Engineering Significance of Annular Raft Foundations over Solid Raft FoundationsJ." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 9 (2023): 930–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55783.

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Abstract: Raft foundations play a pivotal role in distributing structural loads to the underlying soil, thereby ensuring the stability and integrity of various civil engineering structures. The choice between different types of raft foundations, such as solid and annular rafts, significantly impacts the overall performance and durability of a structure. This paper explores the engineering significance of annular raft foundations in comparison to solid raft foundations. The traditional solid raft foundation offers uniform load distribution and settlement control; however, it often encounters ch

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Tsuchiya, Hironori, and Maki Mizogami. "Interaction of drugs with lipid raft membrane domains as a possible target." Drug Target Insights 14, no. 1 (2020): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/dti.2020.2185.

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Introduction: Plasma membranes are not the homogeneous bilayers of uniformly distributed lipids but the lipid complex with laterally separated lipid raft membrane domains, which provide receptor, ion channel and enzyme proteins with a platform. The aim of this article is to review the mechanistic interaction of drugs with membrane lipid rafts and address the question whether drugs induce physicochemical changes in raft-constituting and raft-surrounding membranes. Methods: Literature searches of PubMed/MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases from 2000 to 2020 were conducted to include articl

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Savla, Hemali M., Isha V. Naik, Chandrashekhar Gargote, Nischal Shashidhar, Sneha Nair, and Mala D. Menon. "Physicochemical properties of various alginate-based raft-forming antacid products: a comparative study." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 10, no. 12 (2021): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20214449.

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Background: Alginate-based, raft-forming antacid products with reflux suppressant activity are complex formulations expected to achieve effective raft formation and cause elimination or displacement of the acid pocket, which is typically manifested in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).Methods: In the present study, six alginate-based raft-forming products commercially available in the Indian market were compared in terms of their acid neutralization properties, strength, resilience and structural and thermal properties of their rafts. Percent alginate content was also determined.Results:

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6

Bavari, Sina, Catharine M. Bosio, Elizabeth Wiegand, et al. "Lipid Raft Microdomains." Journal of Experimental Medicine 195, no. 5 (2002): 593–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20011500.

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Spatiotemporal aspects of filovirus entry and release are poorly understood. Lipid rafts act as functional platforms for multiple cellular signaling and trafficking processes. Here, we report the compartmentalization of Ebola and Marburg viral proteins within lipid rafts during viral assembly and budding. Filoviruses released from infected cells incorporated raft-associated molecules, suggesting that viral exit occurs at the rafts. Ectopic expression of Ebola matrix protein and glycoprotein supported raft-dependent release of filamentous, virus-like particles (VLPs), strikingly similar to live

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Kenworthy, Anne K., Benjamin J. Nichols, Catha L. Remmert, et al. "Dynamics of putative raft-associated proteins at the cell surface." Journal of Cell Biology 165, no. 5 (2004): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200312170.

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Lipid rafts are conceptualized as membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipid that serve as platforms for protein segregation and signaling. The properties of these domains in vivo are unclear. Here, we use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching to test if raft association affects a protein's ability to laterally diffuse large distances across the cell surface. The diffusion coefficients (D) of several types of putative raft and nonraft proteins were systematically measured under steady-state conditions and in response to raft perturbations. Raft proteins diffused f

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8

Sharma, V. J., S. A. Vasanvala, and C. H. Solanki. "Behaviour of Load-Bearing Components of a Cushioned Composite Piled Raft Foundation Under Axial Loading." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 22, no. 4 (2014): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2014-0020.

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Abstract In the last decade piled raft foundations have been widely used around the world as intermediate foundation systems between piles and rafts to control the settlement of foundations. However, when those piles are structurally connected to rafts, relatively high axial stresses develop in relatively small numbers of piles, which are often designed to fully mobilize their geotechnical capacities. To avoid a concentration of stress at the head of piles in a traditional piled raft foundation, the raft is disconnected from the piles, and a cushion is introduced between them. Also, to tackle

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9

Shvartsman, Dmitry E., Mariana Kotler, Renee D. Tall, Michael G. Roth, and Yoav I. Henis. "Differently anchored influenza hemagglutinin mutants display distinct interaction dynamics with mutual rafts." Journal of Cell Biology 163, no. 4 (2003): 879–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200308142.

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Lipid rafts play important roles in cellular functions through concentrating or sequestering membrane proteins. This requires proteins to differ in the stability of their interactions with lipid rafts. However, knowledge of the dynamics of membrane protein–raft interactions is lacking. We employed FRAP to measure in live cells the lateral diffusion of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) proteins that differ in raft association. This approach can detect weak interactions with rafts not detectable by biochemical methods. Wild-type (wt) HA and glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored HA (BHA-PI) diff

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Mańka, Rafał, Pawel Janas, Karolina Sapoń, Teresa Janas, and Tadeusz Janas. "Role of RNA Motifs in RNA Interaction with Membrane Lipid Rafts: Implications for Therapeutic Applications of Exosomal RNAs." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (2021): 9416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179416.

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RNA motifs may promote interactions with exosomes (EXO-motifs) and lipid rafts (RAFT-motifs) that are enriched in exosomal membranes. These interactions can promote selective RNA loading into exosomes. We quantified the affinity between RNA aptamers containing various EXO- and RAFT-motifs and membrane lipid rafts in a liposome model of exosomes by determining the dissociation constants. Analysis of the secondary structure of RNA molecules provided data about the possible location of EXO- and RAFT-motifs within the RNA structure. The affinity of RNAs containing RAFT-motifs (UUGU, UCCC, CUCC, CC

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Verma, Dileep, Dinesh Gupta, and Sunil Lal. "Host Lipid Rafts Play a Major Role in Binding and Endocytosis of Influenza A Virus." Viruses 10, no. 11 (2018): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10110650.

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Influenza still remains one of the most challenging diseases, posing a significant threat to public health. Host lipid rafts play a critical role in influenza A virus (IAV) assembly and budding, however, their role in polyvalent IAV host binding and endocytosis had remained elusive until now. In the present study, we observed co-localization of IAV with a lipid raft marker ganglioside, GM1, on the host surface. Further, we isolated the lipid raft micro-domains from IAV infected cells and detected IAV protein in the raft fraction. Finally, raft disruption using Methyl-β-Cyclodextrin revealed si

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Gunawan, H., L. Flessati, and P. Marveggio. "Optimizing foundation performance: the impact of raft on piled raft foundation in sand." Géotechnique Letters 15, no. 2 (2025): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgele.24.00136.

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Conventional piled foundation designs tend to be overly conservative since the beneficial role of the raft is often neglected by assuming the piles to be the only part of the structure interacting with the soil. The contribution of the raft to the global response of the foundation is particularly important in the case of “large” piled rafts, where the pile length is comparable to the raft width. This configuration, although not theoretically optimal, is common for existing foundations of bridges and high-rise buildings. Although the beneficial effect of raft–pile–soil interaction on both beari

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Samofalov, Michail, Vytautas Papinigis, and Mantas Tūnaitis. "Mechanical state analysis of different variants of piled rafts." BALTIC JOURNAL OF ROAD AND BRIDGE ENGINEERING 10, no. 1 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bjrbe.2015.01.

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Traditional raft design methods describe unpiled and fully piled rafts. The current paper aims to discuss intermediate raft design variants when the raft is at the same time partially supported by piles and partially rests on the ground. The loading conditions of all variants as well as mechanical properties assumed to be identical, general numerical simulation assumptions are also the same. The task is to analyse the stress and strain state of the raft for all variants (unpiled raft, partially piled raft, fully piled raft), to compare the results and to determine the most rational case. Raft

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14

Chore, Hemant, Junaid Siddiqui, and Ashish Kishore. "Parametric Investigations into the Analysis of Piled Raft for Multi-Storeyed Building." Journal of Civil Engineering Frontiers 3, no. 02 (2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jocef30260.

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This paper presents the analysis of the piled raft for a 50-story building using an approximate method to estimate the settlement and load distribution of the foundation. The pile and soils are considered to be interacting springs, and the raft is represented as a thin plate. The model takes into account both the resistance of the piles and the resistance of the raft foundation. It is calculated how the raft, soil, and pile interact. The suggested technique enables the use of the finite element based program ETABS to quickly address the issues of small, non-uniformly arranged rafts and big, no

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Hashimoto-Tane, Akiko, Tadashi Yokosuka, Chitose Ishihara, Machie Sakuma, Wakana Kobayashi, and Takashi Saito. "T-Cell Receptor Microclusters Critical for T-Cell Activation Are Formed Independently of Lipid Raft Clustering." Molecular and Cellular Biology 30, no. 14 (2010): 3421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00160-10.

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ABSTRACT We studied the function of lipid rafts in generation and signaling of T-cell receptor microclusters (TCR-MCs) and central supramolecular activation clusters (cSMACs) at immunological synapse (IS). It has been suggested that lipid raft accumulation creates a platform for recruitment of signaling molecules upon T-cell activation. However, several lipid raft probes did not accumulate at TCR-MCs or cSMACs even with costimulation and the fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between TCR or LAT and lipid raft probes was not induced at TCR-MCs under the condition of positive inductio

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Wang, Limin, Annapoorna R. Sapuri-Butti, Hnin Hnin Aung, Atul N. Parikh, and John C. Rutledge. "Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein lipolysis increases aggregation of endothelial cell membrane microdomains and produces reactive oxygen species." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 295, no. 1 (2008): H237—H244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.01366.2007.

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Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein (TGRL) lipolysis may provide a proinflammatory stimulus to endothelium. Detergent-resistant plasma membrane microdomains (lipid rafts) have a number of functions in endothelial cell inflammation. The mechanisms of TGRL lipolysis-induced endothelial cell injury were investigated by examining endothelial cell lipid rafts and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Lipid raft microdomains in human aortic endothelial cells were visualized by confocal microscopy with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled cholera toxin B as a lipid raft marker. Incubation of Atto565-l

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Li, Biao, Xianku Zhang, Taimin Liu, and Hamse Saed Adan. "Bionic Raft Design and Performance Investigation of a Two-Raft Wave Energy Converter." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 12 (2024): 2114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse12122114.

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This paper proposes a two-raft wave energy conversion technology with bionic rafts, aiming to enhance the wave energy capture performance of existing devices with regularly shaped rafts. The cross-sectional shape of the bionic raft is designed as a nested pattern of the long and short axes of two semi-ellipses, which is inspired by the cross-sectional shape of the flat shark. Based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of the wave energy converter (WEC) with the bionic raft in waves, it is verified that the designed bionic raft positively enhances the wave excitation force acting on

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Rajamanickam, Gayathri D., John P. Kastelic, and Jacob C. Thundathil. "Testis-Specific Isoform of Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A4) Interactome in Raft and Non-Raft Membrane Fractions from Capacitated Bovine Sperm." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 13 (2019): 3159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20133159.

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The plasma membrane of sperm contains highly dynamic lipid microdomains (rafts), which house signaling proteins with a role in regulating capacitation. We reported that ATP1A4, the testis-specific isoform of Na/K-ATPase, interacted with caveolin-1, Src, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) in raft and non-raft domains of the plasma membrane of bovine sperm during capacitation. The objective of the present study was to use a proteomic approach to characterize the ATP1A4 interactome in rafts and non-rafts from capacitated bovine sperm. T

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PIKE, Linda J. "Lipid rafts: heterogeneity on the high seas." Biochemical Journal 378, no. 2 (2004): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031672.

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Lipid rafts are membrane microdomains that are enriched in cholesterol and glycosphingolipids. They have been implicated in processes as diverse as signal transduction, endocytosis and cholesterol trafficking. Recent evidence suggests that this diversity of function is accompanied by a diversity in the composition of lipid rafts. The rafts in cells appear to be heterogeneous both in terms of their protein and their lipid content, and can be localized to different regions of the cell. This review summarizes the data supporting the concept of heterogeneity among lipid rafts and outlines the evid

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Lacalle, Rosa Ana, Emilia Mira, Concepción Gómez-Moutón, Sonia Jiménez-Baranda, Carlos Martínez-A., and Santos Mañes. "Specific SHP-2 partitioning in raft domains triggers integrin-mediated signaling via Rho activation." Journal of Cell Biology 157, no. 2 (2002): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200109031.

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Cell signaling does not occur randomly over the cell surface, but is integrated within cholesterol-enriched membrane domains, termed rafts. By targeting SHP-2 to raft domains or to a non-raft plasma membrane fraction, we studied the functional role of rafts in signaling. Serum-depleted, nonattached cells expressing the raft SHP-2 form, but not non-raft SHP-2, display signaling events resembling those observed after fibronectin attachment, such as β1 integrin clustering, 397Y-FAK phosphorylation, and ERK activation, and also increases Rho-GTP levels. Expression of the dominant negative N19Rho a

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Van, Hoa Cao. "Raft Thickness Rational Design for Megatall Skyscrapers: Case Studies." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 14, no. 4 (2024): 14781–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.7285.

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The design process for tall buildings involves three main steps: Estimating roughly the sizes of foundation and superstructure components, verifying the determined sizes with full consideration of the interactions between soil, piles, raft, and superstructure to ensure the bearing capacity and deformation of all elements, and optimizing the design with parametric analysis. However, the thickness of the rafts in existing buildings appears to be very thick and varies to the point of confusion. It is noticeable that some buildings have a considerable height but a relatively small raft thickness a

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Al-Mosawi, Mosa J., Mohammed Y. Fattah, and Abbas A. O. Al-Zayadi. "EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE BEHAVIOR OF A PILED RAFT FOUNDATION." Journal of Engineering 17, no. 04 (2011): 807–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2011.04.13.

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The piled raft is a geotechnical composite construction consisting of three elements: piles, raft and soil.In the design of piled rafts, the load shared between the piles and the raft, and the piles are used up to aload level that can be of the same order of magnitude as the bearing capacity of a comparable singlepile or even greater. Therefore, the piled raft foundation allows reduction of settlements in a veryeconomic way as compared to traditional foundation concepts.This paper presents experimental study to investigate the behavior of piled raft system in sandysoil. A small scale “prototyp

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Brown, Deborah A. "Lipid Rafts, Detergent-Resistant Membranes, and Raft Targeting Signals." Physiology 21, no. 6 (2006): 430–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00032.2006.

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Lipid rafts are liquid-ordered (lo) phase microdomains proposed to exist in biological membranes. Rafts have been widely studied by isolating lo-phase detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from cells. Recent findings have shown that DRMs are not the same as preexisting rafts, prompting a major revision of the raft model. Nevertheless, raft-targeting signals identified by DRM analysis are often required for protein function, implicating rafts in a variety of cell processes.

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Bowie, Rachel V., Simona Donatello, Clíona Lyes, et al. "Lipid rafts are disrupted in mildly inflamed intestinal microenvironments without overt disruption of the epithelial barrier." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 302, no. 8 (2012): G781—G793. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00002.2011.

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Intestinal epithelial barrier disruption is a feature of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but whether barrier disruption precedes or merely accompanies inflammation remains controversial. Tight junction (TJ) adhesion complexes control epithelial barrier integrity. Since some TJ proteins reside in cholesterol-enriched regions of the cell membrane termed lipid rafts, we sought to elucidate the relationship between rafts and intestinal epithelial barrier function. Lipid rafts were isolated from Caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells primed with the proinflammatory cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or tr

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Klappe, Karin, Anne-Jan Dijkhuis, Ina Hummel, et al. "Extensive sphingolipid depletion does not affect lipid raft integrity or lipid raft localization and efflux function of the ABC transporter MRP1." Biochemical Journal 430, no. 3 (2010): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20091882.

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We show that highly efficient depletion of sphingolipids in two different cell lines does not abrogate the ability to isolate Lubrol-based DRMs (detergent-resistant membranes) or detergent-free lipid rafts from these cells. Compared with control, DRM/detergent-free lipid raft fractions contain equal amounts of protein, cholesterol and phospholipid, whereas the classical DRM/lipid raft markers Src, caveolin-1 and flotillin display the same gradient distribution. DRMs/detergent-free lipid rafts themselves are severely depleted of sphingolipids. The fatty acid profile of the remaining sphingolipi

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Nothdurfter, Caroline, Sascha Tanasic, Barbara Di Benedetto, et al. "Lipid raft integrity affects GABAA receptor, but not NMDA receptor modulation by psychopharmacological compounds." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 6 (2013): 1361–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146114571200140x.

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Abstract Lipid rafts have been shown to play an important role for G-protein mediated signal transduction and the function of ligand-gated ion channels including their modulation by psychopharmacological compounds. In this study, we investigated the functional significance of the membrane distribution of NMDA and GABAA receptor subunits in relation to the accumulation of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine (DMI) and the benzodiazepine diazepam (Diaz). In the presence of Triton X-100, which allowed proper separation of the lipid raft marker proteins caveolin-1 and flotillin-1 from the tran

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Lee, Jia-Lin, Mei-Jung Wang, Putty-Reddy Sudhir, and Jeou-Yuan Chen. "CD44 Engagement Promotes Matrix-Derived Survival through the CD44-SRC-Integrin Axis in Lipid Rafts." Molecular and Cellular Biology 28, no. 18 (2008): 5710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.00186-08.

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ABSTRACT CD44 is present in detergent-resistant, cholesterol-rich microdomains, called lipid rafts, in many types of cells. However, the functional significance of CD44 in lipid rafts is still unknown. We have previously demonstrated that osteopontin-mediated engagement of CD44 spliced variant isoforms promotes an extracellular matrix-derived survival signal through integrin activation. By using a series of CD44 mutants and pharmacological inhibitors selectively targeted to various cellular pathways, we show in this study that engagement of CD44 induces lipid raft coalescence to facilitate a C

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Shinde, Ujwala A., Nisha S. Sharma, Pradnya R. Petkar, et al. "In vitro evaluation of raft-forming and non-raft forming antacids marketed in India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 13, no. 4 (2025): 1488–94. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250970.

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Background: Raft properties of alginate‐antacids may vary based on their formulation. This study compared the physicochemical characteristics such as raft properties of Digeraft Plus® versus four other raft-forming (brands A to D) and acid neutralizing properties of raft-forming antacids versus two non-raft forming (brands E, F) antacids marketed in India. Methods: The study assessed acid neutralizing capacity (ANC), and acid neutralizing potential (ANP) of the raft and non-raft forming antacids and the effect of raft structure on neutralization profile, raft strength, and raft resilience of t

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Ahmad, Syed S., and Peter N. Walsh. "Lipid Raft Association of a Shared Factor X/Prothrombin Binding Site on Human Platelets Is Mediated by the Gla Domain." Blood 104, no. 11 (2004): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v104.11.222.222.

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Factor X (FX) initially binds to a high-capacity, low-affinity platelet binding site shared with prothrombin (FII) which then presents FX to a specific, high-affinity site consisting of FVIIIa bound to a high-affinity, low-capacity receptor on activated platelets. We have demonstrated the localization of FX in lipid rafts and shown that FX-raft association requires Ca2+ and is enhanced by saturating concentrations of FVIIIa. Here we investigate FII-raft association and define the domains through which shared FX and FII sites are mediated on the surface of human platelets. Activated (thrombin r

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Morgan, Pooranee K., Longhou Fang, Graeme I. Lancaster, and Andrew J. Murphy. "Hematopoiesis is regulated by cholesterol efflux pathways and lipid rafts: connections with cardiovascular diseases." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 5 (2019): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.tr119000267.

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Lipid rafts are highly ordered regions of the plasma membrane that are enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids and play important roles in many cells. In hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), lipid rafts house receptors critical for normal hematopoiesis. Lipid rafts also can bind and sequester kinases that induce negative feedback pathways to limit proliferative cytokine receptor cycling back to the cell membrane. Modulation of lipid rafts occurs through an array of mechanisms, with optimal cholesterol efflux one of the major regulators. As such, cholesterol homeostasis also regul

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Alnuaim, A. M., H. El Naggar, and M. H. El Naggar. "Performance of micropiled raft in sand subjected to vertical concentrated load: centrifuge modeling." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 1 (2015): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0001.

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Initial applications of micropiles have involved retrofitting foundations of existing buildings. In these applications, the overall performance of the micropiles–raft (MPR) foundation system is similar to a piled raft foundation where the load is transmitted through both the raft and micropiles. However, there is no guidance available regarding the performance of MPR foundations. In this study, geotechnical centrifuge testing was conducted to investigate the behavior of MPR foundations in sand and evaluate their performance characteristics. The study investigated the effect of raft flexibility

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CHU, Chia Lin, J. Ann BUCZEK-THOMAS, and Matthew A. NUGENT. "Heparan sulphate proteoglycans modulate fibroblast growth factor-2 binding through a lipid raft-mediated mechanism." Biochemical Journal 379, no. 2 (2004): 331–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20031082.

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We investigated how lipid raft association of HSPG (heparan sulphate proteoglycans) modulates FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor-2/basic fibroblast growth factor) interactions with vascular smooth-muscle cells. When lipid rafts were disrupted with sterol-binding agents, methyl-β-cyclodextrin and filipin, FGF-2 binding to HSPG was reduced 2–5-fold, yet the amount and turnover of cell-surface HSPG were unaffected. Approx. 50–65% of bound FGF-2 was in lipid raft-associated fractions based on insolubility in cold Triton X-100 and flotation in OptiPrep density gradients, and this level was increased w

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Pralle, A., P. Keller, E. L. Florin, K. Simons, and J. K. H. Hörber. "Sphingolipid–Cholesterol Rafts Diffuse as Small Entities in the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Cells." Journal of Cell Biology 148, no. 5 (2000): 997–1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.148.5.997.

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To probe the dynamics and size of lipid rafts in the membrane of living cells, the local diffusion of single membrane proteins was measured. A laser trap was used to confine the motion of a bead bound to a raft protein to a small area (diam ≤ 100 nm) and to measure its local diffusion by high resolution single particle tracking. Using protein constructs with identical ectodomains and different membrane regions and vice versa, we demonstrate that this method provides the viscous damping of the membrane domain in the lipid bilayer. When glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) -anchored and transmembr

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Park, Donggyu, and Junhwan Lee. "Interaction effects on load-carrying behavior of piled rafts embedded in clay from centrifuge tests." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 52, no. 10 (2015): 1550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0336.

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In the present study, various interaction effects and load-carrying behavior of piled rafts embedded in clay were investigated. For this purpose, a series of centrifuge load tests were conducted using different types of model foundations, including single pile, group piles, piled raft, and unpiled raft. Different clay conditions were considered to prepare for centrifuge specimens. It was found that the pile group effect in clays is significant within initial loading range, showing lower load-carrying capacity. As settlement increases, the pile group effect becomes less pronounced. For both sof

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Tabe, Yoko, Linhua Jin, Zhou Yixin, et al. "Role of Stromal Microenvironment In Non-Pharmacological Resistance of CML to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through Lyn/CXCR4 Interactions In Lipid Rafts." Blood 116, no. 21 (2010): 3390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.3390.3390.

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Abstract Abstract 3390 In chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the mechanisms of resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) beyond the Bcr-Abl mutations are not well understood. We have previously reported that TKI imatinib induces cell-surface expression of the chemokine receptor CXCR4, which results in enhanced migration towards CXCL12-producing BM stromal cells, promotes cell quiescence and development of the microenvironment-mediated, non-pharmacological drug resistance (Jin, Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7:48). Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase directly activates Src-related kinase Lyn known to frequently l

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Nishimura, Yuhei, Daishi Yamakawa, Katsunori Uchida, Takashi Shiromizu, Masatoshi Watanabe, and Masaki Inagaki. "Primary cilia and lipid raft dynamics." Open Biology 11, no. 8 (2021): 210130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsob.210130.

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Primary cilia, antenna-like structures of the plasma membrane, detect various extracellular cues and transduce signals into the cell to regulate a wide range of functions. Lipid rafts, plasma membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol, sphingolipids and specific proteins, are also signalling hubs involved in a myriad of physiological functions. Although impairment of primary cilia and lipid rafts is associated with various diseases, the relationship between primary cilia and lipid rafts is poorly understood. Here, we review a newly discovered interaction between primary cilia and lipid raft

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Jachowski, Jacek, Edyta Książkiewicz, and Izabela Szwoch. "Determination of the Aerodynamic Drag of Pneumatic Life Rafts as a Factor for Increasing the Reliability of Rescue Operations." Polish Maritime Research 28, no. 3 (2021): 128–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2021-0040.

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Abstract Ensuring the safety of ship crews at sea is of the utmost importance. Life rafts are one of the basic components of any seagoing vessel and ensuring their stability is an important component of maritime research. This study concerns the determination of the aerodynamic drag coefficients of pneumatic life rafts in a full range of wind speed and directions. The drag coefficients are based on full-scale experimental studies and numerical calculations (computational fluid dynamics) carried out with Flow-3D software. Two types of life rafts are analysed in the numerical simulations, namely

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Chhuon, Cerina, Shao-Yu Zhang, Vincent Jung, et al. "A sensitive S-Trap-based approach to the analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome." Journal of Lipid Research 61, no. 11 (2020): 1512–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.d120000672.

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The analysis of T cell lipid raft proteome is challenging due to the highly dynamic nature of rafts and the hydrophobic character of raft-resident proteins. We explored an innovative strategy for bottom-up lipid raftomics based on suspension-trapping (S-Trap) sample preparation. Mouse T cells were prepared from splenocytes by negative immunoselection, and rafts were isolated by a detergent-free method and OptiPrep gradient ultracentrifugation. Microdomains enriched in flotillin-1, LAT, and cholesterol were subjected to proteomic analysis through an optimized protocol based on S-Trap and high p

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Ma, Yuanqing, Elizabeth Hinde, and Katharina Gaus. "Nanodomains in biological membranes." Essays in Biochemistry 57 (February 6, 2015): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bse0570093.

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Lipid rafts are defined as cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-enriched membrane domains in the plasma membrane of cells that are highly dynamic and cannot be resolved with conventional light microscopy. Membrane proteins that are embedded in the phospholipid matrix can be grouped into raft and non-raft proteins based on their association with detergent-resistant membranes in biochemical assays. Selective lipid–protein interactions not only produce heterogeneity in the membrane, but also cause the spatial compartmentalization of membrane reactions. It has been proposed that lipid rafts function as

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Rocha, Kathy, Gwenny Fuhler, Joseph Johnson, et al. "Membrane Raft Localization Is Critical for Erythropoietin Receptor Signaling." Blood 114, no. 22 (2009): 2506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.2506.2506.

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Abstract Abstract 2506 Poster Board II-483 Erythropoietin (EPO) is the principal regulator of erythroid progenitor proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Upon ligand engagement, the EPO-receptor (R) homodimerizes to activate the tyrosine kinases, Janus kinase-2 (JAK-2) and Lyn, which in turn phosphorylate the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5. Although recent investigations have identified key negative regulators of the EPO-R signal, little is known about the membrane localization and dynamic control of receptor signal fidelity. Here we show a critical role for m

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K. Lakshmana, Madepalli, Subhojit Roy, Kaihong Mi, and David E. Kang. "Amyloidogenic Processing of APP in Lipid Rafts." Open Biology Journal 3, no. 1 (2010): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18741967010030100021.

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Increased generation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ) derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP) is the primary pathological characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the sub cellular compartment in which APP undergoes cleavage by secretases to generate Aβ is not precisely known. Compelling evidences suggest that amyloidogenic processing of APP occurs in lipid rafts. An indirect support for lipid raft processing of APP includes the localization of Aβ, APP C-terminal fragments (CTFs), APP holoprotein and secretases in the lipid raft microdomains, although few studies failed to find APP in

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KABOURIDIS, Panagiotis S. "Selective interaction of LAT (linker of activated T cells) with the open-active form of Lck in lipid rafts reveals a new mechanism for the regulation of Lck in T cells." Biochemical Journal 371, no. 3 (2003): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20021578.

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In T cells, the lipid raft-associated Lck is strongly tyrosine phosphorylated and has reduced enzymic activity in contrast with the detergent-soluble pool, which has substantial activity. Lck tagged at the C-terminus (Lck/V5-His) was efficiently captured by epitope-specific reagents from the detergent-soluble fraction but not from lipid rafts. Binding was restored following urea denaturation, suggesting that Lck/V5-His is in a ‘closed’ conformation in these domains. In agreement with this hypothesis, the Tyr505 → Phe/V5-His and Arg154 → Lys/V5-His mutants, which disrupt the SH2-Tyr505 intramol

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Campbell, Shahan, Katharina Gaus, Robert Bittman, Wendy Jessup, Suzanne Crowe, and Johnson Mak. "The Raft-Promoting Property of Virion-Associated Cholesterol, but Not the Presence of Virion-Associated Brij 98 Rafts, Is a Determinant of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infectivity." Journal of Virology 78, no. 19 (2004): 10556–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.78.19.10556-10565.2004.

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ABSTRACT Lipid rafts are enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin and are isolated on the basis of insolubility in detergents, such as Brij 98 and Triton X-100. Recent work by Holm et al. has shown that rafts insoluble in Brig 98 can be found in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virus-like particles, although it is not known whether raft-like structures are present in authentic HIV-1 and it is unclear whether a virion-associated raft-like structure is required for HIV replication. Independently, it was previously reported that virion-associated cholesterol is critical for HIV-1 infe

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Chang, Der-Wen, Chih-Wei Lu, Yu-Jhang Tu, and Shih-Hao Cheng. "Settlements and Subgrade Reactions of Surface Raft Foundations Subjected to Vertically Uniform Load." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115484.

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The settlements and corresponding soil reactions of a surface raft foundation subjected to vertically uniform load at the sites of granular or cohesive soils have been qualitatively introduced to engineers in the past. This study intends to verify the foundation load-response mechanism using three-dimensional finite-element analyses. The Mohr–Coulomb soil model was used to simulate the nonlinear effects of the granular and cohesive soils. The coefficients of subgrade reactions of the soil were back-calculated and compared to those obtained from the rigid foundation model. For all the square su

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Четверикова and Irina Chetverikova. "Calculation the durationandthe way formation multi-row raft." Forestry Engineering Journal 6, no. 1 (2016): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18735.

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We describe the construction of raft that does not require forced stop before the formation. A brief review of design of rafts, designed to re-adjust the water flow, schematic diagram of the improved raft, shows the output of the formulas that determine the kinematic and dynamic per-formance of the reconfiguration process. Considered view of the formation of raft involving changes its dimensions in terms of at constant volume.

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Harder, Thomas, Peter Scheiffele, Paul Verkade, and Kai Simons. "Lipid Domain Structure of the Plasma Membrane Revealed by Patching of Membrane Components." Journal of Cell Biology 141, no. 4 (1998): 929–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.141.4.929.

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Lateral assemblies of glycolipids and cholesterol, “rafts,” have been implicated to play a role in cellular processes like membrane sorting, signal transduction, and cell adhesion. We studied the structure of raft domains in the plasma membrane of non-polarized cells. Overexpressed plasma membrane markers were evenly distributed in the plasma membrane. We compared the patching behavior of pairs of raft markers (defined by insolubility in Triton X-100) with pairs of raft/non-raft markers. For this purpose we cross-linked glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins placental alkaline p

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Grigorev, G. V., I. N. Dmitrieva, K. S. Akishina, P. A. ,. Kurochkin, and O. A. Kunitskaya. "Organization of safe work on the coastal raft of sorting bundles." Bezopasnost i okhrana truda v lesozagotovitelnom i derevoobrabatyvayuschem proizvodstvakh (Occupational Health and Safety in Logging and Woodworking Industries), no. 4 (August 9, 2024): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pro-05-2404-06.

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The article presents materials related to the organization of the safe conduct of coastal raft sorting bundles of river rafts to ensure the integrity of its elements en route from the assembly site to the point of arrival of the raft.

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Kim, Jayoung, Rosalyn M. Adam, Keith R. Solomon, and Michael R. Freeman. "Involvement of Cholesterol-Rich Lipid Rafts in Interleukin-6-Induced Neuroendocrine Differentiation of LNCaP Prostate Cancer Cells." Endocrinology 145, no. 2 (2004): 613–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0772.

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Abstract IL-6 is an inflammatory cytokine that has been linked to aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). Previous studies have demonstrated that IL-6 can enhance the differentiation of PCa cells toward a neuroendocrine (NE) phenotype, a possible indicator of hormone-refractory disease. In this report, we present evidence that the mechanism of IL-6-stimulated NE differentiation employs a detergent-resistant (lipid raft) membrane compartment for signal transduction in LNCaP PCa cells. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3, a mediator of IL-6 signaling, was rapidly phosphorylated an

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Rahman, Arief, Ferry Fatnanta, and Syawal Satibi. "Analysis of the capability of pile assembly foundations in soft soil in physical modeling of variationsiin laboratory scale distances." astonjadro 12, no. 1 (2023): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.32832/astonjadro.v12i1.8139.

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<p>The capacity of raft foundations, pile foundations and pile rafts on soft soil with variations in the distance between the piles. Perform analysis of the carrying capacity and settlement of each foundation test and then compare the results of the theoretical carrying capacity research with the analysis of carrying capacity calculations. The implementation of the test prepares the test along with samples of the raft foundation, pile foundation and pile raft foundation. The test were carried out using a gradual load then a dial gauge is placed at both ends of the sample raft and the loa

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Shrimpton, Corie N., Gautam Borthakur, Susana Larrucea, Miguel A. Cruz, Jing-Fei Dong, and José A. López. "Localization of the Adhesion Receptor Glycoprotein Ib-IX-V Complex to Lipid Rafts Is Required for Platelet Adhesion and Activation." Journal of Experimental Medicine 196, no. 8 (2002): 1057–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20020143.

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The platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX-V complex mediates the attachment of platelets to the blood vessel wall by binding von Willebrand factor (VWF), an interaction that also transmits signals for platelet activation and aggregation. Because the complex is extensively palmitoylated, a modification known to target proteins to lipid rafts, we investigated the role of raft localization in GP Ib-IX-V functions. In unstimulated platelets, a minor portion of the complex localized to Triton-insoluble raft fractions; this portion increased three to sixfold with platelet activation by VWF. Raft-associat

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