Relevant bibliographies by topics / Railroad Crossing

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Railroad Crossing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Fischhaber, Pamela M., and Bruce N. Janson. "Preliminary Analysis of Light Rail Crashes in Denver, Colorado." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2275, no. 1 (January 2012): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2275-02.

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This paper presents a preliminary analysis of light rail crashes at at-grade crossings in Denver, Colorado, based on Regional Transportation District data for 1999 through 2009. Differences in design and operation of at-grade crossings are discussed for light rail versus common carrier railroad (railroad). The differences appear to warrant the development of separate crash prediction and hazard index models because models developed for railroad at-grade crossing operations may not accurately predict the number and severity of crashes at light rail at-grade crossings. In addition, the models developed for railroads do not predict crashes at crossings for some traffic control device types such as traffic signals. The lack of information for crossings controlled by traffic signals in the railroad crash prediction equations is one reason why equations specific to light rail may need to be developed. This study identifies patterns in light rail crossing crash data that warrant further investigation and support the development of crash prediction models and hazard index equations specific to light rail at-grade crossing configurations and operations.
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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.
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Widodo, Ari, and Wahyu Sapto Aji. "Palang Pintu Kereta Api Pneumatik Otomatis Berbasis PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A." Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 1, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/biste.v1i2.1011.

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One alternative in reducing accidents at railroad crossings without guards is automatic pneumatic railroad crossings. This tool uses PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a processing system. Automatic crossing railroad crossing works by using two proximity sensors that are placed on the right and left crossings with a distance far from the crossing (approximately 1 KM). The system outputs are pneumatically actuated sirens, lights and door lintels. At most this door will move up and down closing and opening the crossing. The use of pneumatics in manufacturing because pneumatics saves more space around the crossing and is safe. In testing, detection is done in 2 opposite directions. The results show the tool has been working to close and open crossings with good performance.Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi kecelakaan di pintu perlintasan kereta api tanpa penjaga adalah palang pintu kereta api pneumatik otomatis. Alat ini menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) sebagai sistem pemroses. Palang pintu perlintasan kereta api otomatis bekerja dengan menggunakan dua buah sensor proximity yang di letakkan pada kanan dan kiri perlintasan dengan jarak yang jauh dari perlintasan (kurang lebih 1 KM). Keluaran sistem berupa aktifnya sirene, lampu, dan palang pintu yang digerakkan dengan pneumatik. Paling pintu ini akan bergerak naik dan turun menutup dan membuka perlintasan. Penggunaan pneumatik dalam pembuatan karena pneumatik lebih menghemat ruang sekitar perlintasan dan aman. Dalam pengujiannya, pendeteksian dilakukan dengan 2 arah yang berlawanan. Hasil menunjukkan alat telah bekerja menutup dan membuka perlintasan dengan kinerja yang baik.
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Cyr, Justin D., John W. Shaw, and Peter T. Savolainen. "Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Railroad Crossing Signal Masts and Guardrails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (July 1, 2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857952.

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The installation of “active” warning devices, such as crossing signals and gates, is a principal element of state and federal railroad crossing safety programs, and their effectiveness in preventing vehicle–train collision is well documented. While most active crossings are occupied by trains only a few minutes each day, non-crashworthy items are frequently present at active crossings including crossing signal masts, crossing gate mechanisms, cantilever supports, and signal controller bungalows. Various agencies utilize longitudinal guardrail systems to protect errant motorists from striking non-frangible crossing signal hardware. This study sought to determine whether such guardrails influence the prevalence and severity of motor vehicle strikes involving crossing hardware. A review of 10 years of police crash-report narratives in Iowa, United States (U.S.) indicates an average of 15.6 crashes per year at 1,853 crossings involving signal masts, signal guardrails, or related infrastructure. Over this period, one fatality and five serious injuries occurred as a result of these crashes. The crash-injury severity distributions appeared similar in crashes with and without guardrail, and regression models showed that guardrail presence did not affect the rate of crashes involving railroad apparatus. Although the use of longitudinal guardrail systems did not appear to have a strong effect on crash rates or severity at active grade crossings, other methods for reducing crash prevalence and severity could be explored in future research, such as the development of crashworthy signal assemblies for flashing-signal-only crossings and the redesign of gate and cantilever supports to increase separation from the traveled way.
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Sukhom, Aunna, Ittipol Jangchud, Monsak Pimsarn, Jarruwat Charoensuk, and Veerachai Treeporncharoen. "Design of natural-rubber panel railroad crossing using finite element method." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202056.

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Thailand has a railway system that is available throughout the country, so there are several railroad crossings. These crossings are generally made of concrete or logs with multiple constraints. There are some disadvantages of concrete railroad crossing, such as, crack, noise during car passing over. To overcome these disadvantages, the softer materials should be used instead. Therefore, this research proposes the natural rubber, widely grown throughout Thailand, panel railroad crossing. However, the natural rubber alone is not enough to withstand the harsh condition. Thus, it is necessary to have some addition ingredients that will enhance the natural rubber properties. The material used in this research is a rubber compound between Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 75% and Natural rubber (NR) 25% blend with additives such as carbon black (CB), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulfur (S8). The objectives of this article were to analyze the deformation of the natural rubber panel railroad crossing and to evaluate its safety factor, defined as the ratio of strain at break and the maximum equivalent strain, using finite element method. In the analysis, the applied loading of the model was obtained from the State Railway of Thailand. The analyzed results reveal that the deflection of rubber panels passes the standard from State Railway of Thailand. Safety factor of external rubber panel is 27.03 and for internal rubber panels are 9.12 and 15.29. The metal pads had elastically deformed and concrete railroad sleeper deformation was very small.
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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Wawan Hermanto. "Arduino-Based Railway Arrival Detection And Name Detection Design At A Level Crossing." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.40.

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Transportation safety must be obeyed by all modes of transportation. The railroad crossing is one point that has the potential for conflict between railroad shares and road users. In accordance with applicable regulations, railroad facilities are prioritized when passing level crossings. In fact, road users often try to break the rules. This research aims to present alternative solutions to improve the safety of road users and railroad lines at cross section level. This research uses a method that begins with a literature study. Next through the design phase, the prototype stage and finally the testing phase. The results of this study are the prototype of the railroad direction detector and the identification of electronic-based railways by using an Arduino Microcontroller. The result shows an LCD board that can provide information to road users for the train's arrival direction and train name. With this information it is expected that road users are more concerned with safety and can be careful when passing a level crossing.
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Rolle, Andrew, William Deverell, and Gregory Lee Thompson. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Journal of American History 82, no. 1 (June 1995): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082016.

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Hofsommer, Don L., and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." American Historical Review 100, no. 1 (February 1995): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168130.

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Miner, Craig, and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Technology and Culture 36, no. 3 (July 1995): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3107270.

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Gould, Lewis L., and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Western Historical Quarterly 25, no. 4 (1994): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970359.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Ho, Tzung-hsien Joey. "Crossing the city : transformation of Peak Tram Station /cHo Tzung Hsien Joey." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25956255.

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Ho, Tzung-hsien Joey, and 何宗憲. "Crossing the city: transformation of Peak Tram Station /cHo Tzung Hsien Joey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983327.

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Osburn, Andrew Wesley. "Understanding Weed Species Diversity in Railroad Crossing Rights-of-way." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574641066802878.

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Zhang, Li. "Optimizing Traffic Network Signals Around Railroad Crossings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27750.

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The dissertation proposed an approach, named â Signal Optimization Under Rail Crossing sAfety cOnstraintsâ (SOURCAO), to the traffic signal control near a highway rail grade crossing (HRGC). SOURCAO targets two objectives: HRGC safety improvement (a high priority national transportation goal) and highway traffic delay reduction (a common desire for virtually all of us). Communication and data availability from ITS and the next generation train control are assumed available in SOURCAO. The first step in SOURCAO is to intelligently choose a proper preemption phase sequence to promote HRGC safety. An inference engine is designed in place of traditional traffic signal preemption calls to prevent the queue from backing onto HRGC. The potential hazard is dynamically examined as to whether any queuing vehicle stalls on railroad tracks. The inference engine chooses the appropriate phase sequence to eliminate the hazardous situation. The second step in SOURCAO is to find the optimized phase length. The optimization process uses the network traffic delay (close to the control delay) at the intersections within HRGC vicinities as an objective function. The delay function is approximated and represented by multilayer perceptron neural network (off-line). After the function was trained and obtained, an optimization algorithm named Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) searches the length of phases (on-line) by minimizing the delay function. The inference engine and proposed delay model in optimization take the on-line surveillance detector data and HRGC closure information as input. By integrating artificial intelligence and optimization technologies, the independent simulation evaluation of SOURCAO by TSIS/CORSIM demonstrated that the objectives are reached. The average network delay for 20 runs of simulation evaluation is reduced over eight percent by a t-test while the safety of HRGC is promoted. The sensitivity tests demonstrate that SOURCAO works efficiently under light and heavy traffic conditions, as well as a wide range of HRGC closure times.
Ph. D.
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Hammada, Ahmmed A. "SuperLoad Crossing of Millard Avenue Bridges Over Duck Creek and CSX Railroad." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353103016.

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Rusu, Marius Florin. "Automation of railway switch and crossing inspection." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7348/.

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In recent years there has been an increase in railway usage which led to reduced time for rail maintenance. Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are an important asset and they typically account for 30% of the total budget spent on maintenance. The first part of this work researches the feasibility of automatically inspecting S&Cs in accordance with Network Rail inspection requirements and the likely necessary advancements. Current S&C inspection requirements, as well as current and developing inspection solutions, were analysed and categorised. This revealed the required technological advances and likely changes that the railway will have to adopt. The second part of the work researches the weakness of conventional S&C profile inspection practices used in industry. The work identified the main reasons that can lead to poor traditional inspection of the S&C profile, developed a novel, automatic method to carry out the profile measurements which eliminated human error and identified possible improvements in the area of S&C profile inspection. During this research, an inspection trolley was prototyped, field trials were carried out, and good results were obtained.
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Glogar, Matěj. "Analýza možností odvracení střetu osobního a drážního vozidla na železničním přejezdu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232660.

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Presented diploma thesis deals with problems connected with accidents at railroad crossings from the road and railway drivers´ perspectives. The theoretical part is particularly focused on the explanation of chosen regulations associated with railroad crossings, with their construction and technical design and also with ways and options of marking in connection with railroad crossing safety system. The paper mentions the most frequent causes why dangerous situations occur. These causes arise from the railway and road drivers´ personal experience, supplemented by statistics of accidents at railroad crossings for the previous periods. The practical part analyses the options for averting a collision on two particular railroad crossings. For this purpose, the railroad crossing secured by lights and the railroad crossing secured only by a warning cross were chosen. Here, with Virtual Crash programme support, the origin of the chosen crisis situations is simulated and later options of their averting are evaluated. Finally, proposals for increasing railroad crossings safety are formulated for both cases. The appendix consists of a list of legislative regulations dealing with railroad crossings, a driving record of the rail vehicle and its technical parameters and simulation programme´s outputs.
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Chlup, Daniel. "Analýza kritických míst křížení silniční a železniční dopravy v Jihomoravském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318111.

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Point of this diploma thesis is analyzing of three railroad crossing controlled by institutions of South-Moravian region, which are chosen by author. For analysis were chosen problematic railroad crossing where happened in last five years traffic accidents with consequences of death. Next criterion of choosing was type of security device. Chosen railroads crossing are representing all types of normally used security devices. That is why was chose railroad crossing with only warning crosses, light security device and last one with light security device with barrier beam. Theoretical part aims on: Basic parameters, dividing, numbering, system of function and marking of railroad crossing. In practical part, there are used mathematical calculations for assessment of safety on chosen railroad crossing and for determination of possibilities of averting a collision of both participants. Corrective measures are made for each railroad crossing taking to account it’s financial conditions. For each railroad crossing is made polygon with help of program Virtual Crash 3.
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Tydlacka, Jonathan Michael. "A microsimulation analysis of highway intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1040.

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The purpose of this thesis was to perform microsimulation analyses on intersections near Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings (HRGCs) to determine if controlling mean train speed and train speed variability would improve safety and reduce delays. This research focused on three specific areas. First, average vehicle delay was examined, and this delay was compared for seven specific train speed distributions, including existing conditions. Furthermore, each distribution was associated with train detectors that were placed at the distance the fastest train could travel during the given warning time. Second, pedestrian cutoffs were investigated. These cutoffs represented an occasion when the pedestrian phases were truncated or shortened due to railroad signal preemption. Finally, vehicle emissions were analyzed using a modal emissions model. A microscopic simulation model of the Wellborn Corridor in College Station, Texas was created using VISSIM. The model was run twenty times in each train speed distribution for each of three train lengths. Average vehicle delay was collected for three intersections, and delays were compared using the Pooled t-test with a 95% confidence interval. Comparisons were made between the distributions, and generally, distributions with higher mean train speeds were associated with lower average delay, and train length was not a significant factor. Unfortunately, pedestrian cutoffs were not specifically controlled in this project; therefore, no statistical conclusions can be made with respect to the pedestrian cutoff problem. However, example cases were devised to demonstrate how these cutoffs could be avoided. In addition, vehicle emissions were examined using the vehicle data from VISSIM as inputs for CMEM (Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model). For individual vehicles, as power (defined as the product of velocity and acceleration) increased, emissions increased. When comparing emissions from different train speed distributions, few significant differences were found. However, a scenario with no train was tested, and it was shown to have significantly higher emissions than three of the distributions with trains. Ultimately, this thesis shows that average vehicle delay and vehicle emissions could be lowered by specific train speed distributions. Also, work could be done to investigate the pedestrian cutoff problem.
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Cho, Hanseon. "Preemption strategy for traffic signals at intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/406.

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Because the operational characteristics of signalized intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings (IHRGCs) are different from those of signalized intersections located elsewhere in the traffic system, standard operational strategies do not apply. This is because safe operation at IHRGCs takes precedence over all other objectives. Because the prime objective of the current preemption methods is to clear the crossing, secondary objectives such as safe pedestrian crossing time and minimized delay are given less consideration or ignored completely. Consequently, state-of-the-practice strategies may cause serious pedestrian safety and efficiency problems at IHRGCs. Therefore, there is a definite need for research on how to improve traffic signal preemption strategies. An important element of preemption strategy is detection of trains and prediction of arrival times. However, because of the limitations of current detection technologies, estimation algorithms, etc., there is a wide range in these warning times. In this dissertation, a new train-arrival prediction algorithm was developed using detection equipment located farther upstream from the HRGC. The state-of-the-art transition preemption strategy (TPS) was developed to ensure that as preemption is initiated by approaching trains, the signal display does not change in a manner that endangers either pedestrians or drivers. However, because it does not account for the variability of predicted train arrival times, there is still a possibility of failure. Therefore, a new transition preemption algorithm that is specifically designed to improve intersection performance while maintaining or improving the current level of safety is developed. This dissertation developed a preemption strategy (TPS3) that uses better train arrival time estimates to improve the safety and efficiency of IHRGCs. The approach was simulated on a test bed in College Station, Texas, and it was concluded that the new TPS improves the safety and operation of intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings.
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Books on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Booth, Philip E. Crossing. Cambridge, Mass: Candlewick Press, 2001.

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ill, Rand Ted, ed. Country crossing. New York: Atheneum, 1991.

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Deverell, William Francis. Railroad crossing: Californians and the railroad, 1850-1910. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

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James, Christina. The crossing. Cromer, Norfolk: Salt, 2015.

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Signor, John R. Donner Pass: Southern Pacific's Sierra crossing. San Marino, Calif: Golden West Books, 1985.

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Signor, John R. Donner Pass: Southern Pacific's Sierra crossing. San Marino, Calif: Golden West Books, 2003.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Highway/rail grade crossing collision near Sycamore, South Carolina, May 2, 1995. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Highway/rail grade crossing collision near Sycamore, South Carolina, May 2, 1995. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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Andrews, W. H. Railroad-highway grade crossing signal visibility improvement program. McLean, Va: Federal Highway Administration, 1987.

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(Canada), Transportation Development Centre, and Canada Transport Canada, eds. Impact of heavy vehicles on crossing safety: Development of an adapted design tool. --. Montreal: Transportation Development Centre, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Dierks, Henning, and Cheryl Dietz. "Graphical specification and reasoning: Case study generalised railroad crossing." In FME '97: Industrial Applications and Strengthened Foundations of Formal Methods, 20–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63533-5_2.

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Lai, Luming, and Phil Watson. "A case study in timed CSP: The railroad crossing problem." In Hybrid and Real-Time Systems, 69–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0014714.

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Urbina, Luis. "The Generalized Railroad Crossing: Its symbolic analysis in CLP ( $$\mathcal{R}$$ )." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 565–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61551-2_118.

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Weng, Yi-Shun, Yi-Sheng Huang, and Bo-Yang Chen. "Emerging Scenarios Avoidance Policy for Railroad Level Crossing Traffic Control Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 1015–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04573-3_124.

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Gurevich, Yuri, and James K. Huggins. "The railroad crossing problem: An experiment with instantaneous actions and immediate reactions." In Computer Science Logic, 266–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61377-3_43.

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Gosnell, Michael, and Bruce McMillin. "A One-Dimensional Sparse Space-Time Specification of the Generalized Railroad Crossing." In Critical Infrastructure Protection VI, 187–204. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35764-0_14.

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Ortmeier, Frank, Wolfgang Reif, and Gerhard Schellhorn. "Formal Safety Analysis of a Radio-Based Railroad Crossing Using Deductive Cause-Consequence Analysis (DCCA)." In Dependable Computing - EDCC 5, 210–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11408901_15.

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Hosotani, Daisuke, Ikushi Yoda, and Katsuhiko Sakaue. "Development and Long-Term Verification of Stereo Vision Sensor System for Controlling Safety at Railroad Crossing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 154–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04667-4_16.

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Beauquier, Danièle, and Anatol Slissenko. "The Railroad Crossing Problem: Towards semantics of timed algorithms and their model checking in high level languages." In TAPSOFT '97: Theory and Practice of Software Development, 201–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0030597.

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Savage, Ian. "Highway Grade Crossings." In The Economics of Railroad Safety, 59–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5571-1_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Shehada, Mohammad, Akshit Ahuja, and Steven D. Schrock. "Advancing Pedestrian Safety and Case Study of Pedestrian Psychology at Railroad Grade Crossing." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5780.

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Contrary to the declining railroad-highway crossing crashes over the past decade, the pedestrian-railroad interface has remained relatively unchanged. While engineering solutions and law enforcement have been tried, little is known about their effectiveness on the pedestrian mindset and psychology. One of the main reason for crashes of this type is that pedestrians tend to be restless while waiting at railroad crossings. This can lead to pedestrians performing irrational acts such as attempting to walk across a crossing before a train arrives. Earlier, trains traveled at slower speeds which pedestrians could react to easily and trains had less freight so it needed less braking distance and thus it was easier to control them. There are many factors with the potential to improve pedestrian safety at railroad crossings. In this paper the current safety norms for railroad crossings existing across in more than 40 major cities in US were analyzed to determine the existing safety standards for pedestrians at railroad grade crossings. State departments of transportation (DOTs) were contacted, along with professionals in public and private sector involved in safety at railroad crossing and ask them what according to them is a high risk railroad grade crossings in their area, safety practices that are common in their area, various threats to Safety implementation and then analyze these crossing for the types, safety signs and equipment present at them.
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Moore, Adam, Paul Zebell, Peter Koonce, and Jon Meusch. "A Method to Verify Railroad Interconnect With Highway Traffic Signal Systems." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5774.

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In response to increasing concern about railroad grade crossing safety, the Federal Railroad Administration and Department of Transportation issued Safety Advisory 2010-02 recommending in part “...that railroads conduct comprehensive joint inspections of highway traffic signal pre-emption interconnection with State and local highway authorities...” 2010-02 also recommends recording devices at interconnected highway-rail grade crossings. This paper addresses a method to facilitate these goals by enabling the highway authority to independently verify that rail equipment is functioning properly, and just as importantly, enabling the railroad to independently verify that the highway traffic signal equipment is providing adequate clearance time in advance of the arrival of the train in the crossing. The method involves adding two circuits between the rail equipment and the traffic signal equipment: a crossing island circuit, and a start of the traffic clearance phase indicator from the traffic signal to the rail equipment. This system has been implemented at two intersections in Portland, Oregon, with plans for further implementation.
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Williams, Trefor, James Abello, John Betak, and David Desimone. "Using Data Visualization to Analyze Grade Crossing Accidents." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5695.

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The Federal Railroad Administration grade crossing accident database contains numerous interrelated variables. Understanding of how the variables are interrelated can be enhanced using modern visualization techniques. These techniques can allow managers from railroads and government agencies to find complex variables relationships not usually provided by routine statistical analyses. For this research we have developed several dashboards of linked visualizations using the Weave data visualization software [5]. Our visualizations explore various accident types of concern to the railroad industry including trespassing and pedestrian accidents, passenger train accidents, actions of highway users involved in accidents, and the effect of different types of warning devices on grade crossing accidents. In addition, we are currently developing an advanced visualization system that views the accident data as time varying events occurring over a fixed grade crossings topology. This view allows the application of a recent network data abstraction termed “Graph Cards.” We present initial examples of the advanced system that provides a variety of filtering mechanisms to view statistical distributions and their time varying behavior over the grade crossings topology.
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Sheikh, Yaser A., Yun Zhai, Khurram Shafique, and Mubarak A. Shah. "Visual monitoring of railroad grade crossing." In Defense and Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.542369.

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Manasson, Vladimir A., Lev S. Sadovnik, Danny Eliyahu, Vladimir A. Yepishin, Leo Timashpolsky, and Robert M. Mino. "Railroad-grade-crossing obstacle detection radar." In AeroSense 2000, edited by Robert Trebits and James L. Kurtz. SPIE, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.391852.

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Kim, Hyun-Chul, Yi-Seok Jeong, and Dong-Ryeol Shin. "OSGi Based Railroad-Crossing Remote Monitoring System." In 2008 IEEE International Workshop on Semantic Computing and Applications (IWSCA). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwsca.2008.22.

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Jafari, R., and J. H. Hummer. "Evaluation of the Railroad Crossing Wayside Horn." In First International Symposium on Transportation and Development Innovative Best Practices. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40961(319)53.

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Minoli, Daniel, and Benedict Occhiogrosso. "Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Apparatus and Method for Rail Crossing Alerting of Static or Dynamic Rail Track Intrusions." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2304.

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This paper deals with Physical Safety and Security at rail crossings. There are about 150,000 public railroad grade crossings in the U.S. Unfortunately, approximately 2,000 accidents occur every year in the U.S., resulting not only in many injuries, but also in over 200 deaths annually. The predicament is that for various reasons, people, cars, and trucks find themselves on the rail tracks of an oncoming train at a railroad crossing. The system discussed in this paper provides a relatively inexpensive Internet of Things (IoT)-based capability that can be used to alert a rail operator that there is an obstruction on the tracks, and/or possibly to interwork with (but not replace) a Positive Train Control (PTC) system thus attempting to automatically stop an incoming train. In fact, IoT is now being deployed in railroads for a variety of applications. A brief description of cybersecurity issues related to IoT deployment is also included.
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Govoni, M., G. Boatto, F. Guidi, and E. M. Vitucci. "UWB-over-Fiber System for Railroad Crossing Surveillance." In 2015 Fotonica AEIT Italian Conference on Photonics Technologies. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2015.0125.

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Rose, Jerry G. "Rehabilitation Techniques to Improve Long-Term Performances of Highway-Railway At-Grade Crossings." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56015.

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The primary purpose of the highway-railway at-grade crossing is to provide a smooth surface for the safe passage of rubber-tired vehicles across the railroad. The crossing support and surface in the jointly used area represent a significantly expensive unit cost of the highway and railway line. The ideal highway crossing will maintain a smooth surface and stable trackbed for a long period of time. This will reduce costly, frequent disruptions to highway and railway traffic (to adjust the track or renew the surface due to rideability concerns), while concurrently providing improved operating performance and long life. Technology is available for rapidly renewing highway crossings within one day using a panel system with specifically designed layered support and premium materials. The procedure involves complete removal of the old crossing panel and trackbed materials — and replacing them with an asphalt underlayment layer, a pre-compacted ballast layer, a new track panel, and a new crossing surface. A cooperative effort between the local highway agency and the railway company will reduce costs, improve the quality of the finished product, and reduce outage of the highway and railroad. A major objective is to minimize disruption to both highway and railway traffic during the renewal process in addition to extending the life of the crossing. Suggested procedures, based on experiences for several installations, are presented. Typical schedules are for the railroad to be to be out-of-service for a maximum of four hours and for the highway to be closed only eight to twelve hours. Results are presented for crossings instrumented with pressure cells to document Pressure levels within the layered portion of the crossing structure. In addition, long-term Settlement measurements and assessments for several crossings are documented. The measurements indicate significantly reduced long-term settlements of crossings incorporating the rapid-renewal, layered system, while maintaining acceptable smoothness levels. These long-term performance evaluations indicate this practice ensures long-life, economical, smooth crossings for improved safety and operating performances for both highway agencies and railway companies.
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Reports on the topic "Railroad Crossing"

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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
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Lin, Pei-Sung. Coordinated Pre-Preemption of Traffic Signals to Enhance Railroad Grade Crossing Safety in Urban Areas and Estimation of Train Impacts to Arterial Travel Time Delay. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2014-06.

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Lamanna, Anthony, and Charles Scholer. Design of Durable Concrete Railroad Crossings. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313173.

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Williams, Thomas. Classification of Railroad Crossings in Indiana for Roughness. West Lafayette, IN: Purdue University, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313158.

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Your safety 1st: railroad crossing safety for emergency responders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2003121.

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