Relevant bibliographies by topics / Railroad Crossing Safety System

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Railroad Crossing Safety System'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Yeh, Michelle, and Jordan Multer. "Applying a Sociotechnical Framework for Improving Safety at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 24 (October 2007): 1550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705102408.

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To understand drivers' decisions and actions at grade crossings, we examined human factors contributing to noncompliance at grade crossings using a sociotechnical framework. This perspective allows driver behavior at grade crossings to be examined not as individual elements but rather as a function of how each element interacts with other elements within the system. In this paper, we present a model that addresses driver decision-making at grade crossings at a systems level. We identify and describe four elements of the grade crossing system influencing driver compliance: the design of the grade crossing environment, driver characteristics, the role of organizations and management, and social and political forces. We then apply the model to identify how failure to consider safety from a systems perspective contributed to the grade crossing accident that occurred in Fox River Grove, Illinois, in 1995.
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Crowley, Larry G., Brian L. Bowman, and Cecil Colson. "Computerized Office Support for State Highway-Rail Crossing Programs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300119.

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State programs in grade crossing safety are an important and successful traffic safety initiative. Their cost-benefit ratios are close to those achieved on all other highway safety projects. Estimates suggest these railroad crossing improvements have contributed to an 88 percent reduction in fatalities and a 62 percent reduction in injuries. While these achievements were obtained through the combined efforts of railroad companies and federal, state, and local governments, the primary responsibility for carrying out the program has fallen upon the states. States have developed individual procedures in identifying and improving high-risk grade crossings. These procedures, which constitute a naturally collaborative process, often lead to long periods of time between the initial identification of high-risk crossings and the physical installation of improvements. Most states either have initiated action or are considering procedural changes to reduce these times. One particularly beneficial action is a status tracking procedure. Described here is a computerized office support system that combines status tracking and reporting capability with the ability to produce system-compiled documents necessary for the functioning of the office. Alabama's Multimodal Office Support System (AlaMOSS), is designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of Alabama's grade-crossing safety program.
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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.
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Sukhom, Aunna, Ittipol Jangchud, Monsak Pimsarn, Jarruwat Charoensuk, and Veerachai Treeporncharoen. "Design of natural-rubber panel railroad crossing using finite element method." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202056.

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Thailand has a railway system that is available throughout the country, so there are several railroad crossings. These crossings are generally made of concrete or logs with multiple constraints. There are some disadvantages of concrete railroad crossing, such as, crack, noise during car passing over. To overcome these disadvantages, the softer materials should be used instead. Therefore, this research proposes the natural rubber, widely grown throughout Thailand, panel railroad crossing. However, the natural rubber alone is not enough to withstand the harsh condition. Thus, it is necessary to have some addition ingredients that will enhance the natural rubber properties. The material used in this research is a rubber compound between Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 75% and Natural rubber (NR) 25% blend with additives such as carbon black (CB), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulfur (S8). The objectives of this article were to analyze the deformation of the natural rubber panel railroad crossing and to evaluate its safety factor, defined as the ratio of strain at break and the maximum equivalent strain, using finite element method. In the analysis, the applied loading of the model was obtained from the State Railway of Thailand. The analyzed results reveal that the deflection of rubber panels passes the standard from State Railway of Thailand. Safety factor of external rubber panel is 27.03 and for internal rubber panels are 9.12 and 15.29. The metal pads had elastically deformed and concrete railroad sleeper deformation was very small.
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Wang, Sheng Hang, Kuang I. Chang, Jyun Long Chen, Mu Yu Tsai, and Bor Nian Chuang. "Applications of Doppler Radar Sensors on Railroad Crossing Safety Alerting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.714.

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Radar sensors like ultra-wideband Doppler radar sensors may be utilized as a vibration sensing device in a restricted area for railroad monitoring. As long as something or someone enters the restricted area, the alert signals will be sent to the control center or train driver to stop the moving train and prevent accidents. Combining with visual monitor system, the radar sensors may compensate for the insufficient information under poor lighting, fogging, or raining environment. The simulations and experimental results supported its feasibility in a railroad system. The feasibility of further radar application is also discussed.
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Zaman, Asim, Xiang Liu, and Zhipeng Zhang. "Video Analytics for Railroad Safety Research: An Artificial Intelligence Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (August 20, 2018): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792751.

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The volume of video data in the railroad industry has increased significantly in recent years. Surveillance cameras are situated on nearly every part of the railroad system, such as inside the cab, along the track, at grade crossings, and in stations. These camera systems are manually monitored, either live or subsequently reviewed in an archive, which requires an immense amount of human resources. To make the video analysis much less labor-intensive, this paper develops a framework for utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for the extraction of useful information from these big video datasets. This framework has been implemented based on the video data from one grade crossing in New Jersey. The AI algorithm can automatically detect unsafe trespassing of railroad tracks (called near-miss events in this paper). To date, the AI algorithm has analyzed hours of video data and correctly detected all near-misses. This pilot study indicates the promise of using AI for automated analysis of railroad video big data, thereby supporting data-driven railroad safety research. For practical use, our AI algorithm has been packaged into a computer-aided decision support tool (named AI-Grade) that outputs near-miss video clips based on user-provided raw video data. This paper and its sequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with next-generation big data analysis methods and tools for quickly and reliably processing large volumes of video data in order to better understand human factors in railroad safety research.
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Estes, R. Matthew, and Laurence R. Rilett. "Advanced Prediction of Train Arrival and Crossing Times at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-08.

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There are many issues related to highway–railroad grade crossings. For historic and practical reasons, trains have the right-of-way at grade crossings, which results in delays to motorists. In addition, the differential in size, speed, and stopping ability between motor vehicles and trains raises many serious safety concerns. Historically, the methods used to address these delay and safety problems at grade crossings have been reactive in nature. For example, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies a minimum of 20 s of warning time for active warning devices at grade crossings. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology offers potential solutions for increasing the warning time at grade crossings. Advanced on-board devices and off-track detection equipment can allow train position and speed to be monitored. This information can be shared through wireless and wireline telecommunications equipment being deployed for ITS. Transportation management center personnel can then predict the arrival and crossing times of trains at grade crossings. It is hypothesized that if the warning time could reliably be increased, the traffic-operation strategies in the vicinity of grade crossings could be more proactive, reducing delay to motorists and increasing safety for both trains and automobiles. The research focuses on a second-generation technology approach to an advanced prediction of train arrival and crossing (gate-up and gate-down) times at highway–railroad grade crossings, including problems faced at grade crossings, background on detection and prediction technology for grade crossings, the train monitoring system used as the test bed for the research, the development of the methodology, the results of the analysis, and the conclusions of the research and potential applications for the model.
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Cyr, Justin D., John W. Shaw, and Peter T. Savolainen. "Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Railroad Crossing Signal Masts and Guardrails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (July 1, 2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857952.

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The installation of “active” warning devices, such as crossing signals and gates, is a principal element of state and federal railroad crossing safety programs, and their effectiveness in preventing vehicle–train collision is well documented. While most active crossings are occupied by trains only a few minutes each day, non-crashworthy items are frequently present at active crossings including crossing signal masts, crossing gate mechanisms, cantilever supports, and signal controller bungalows. Various agencies utilize longitudinal guardrail systems to protect errant motorists from striking non-frangible crossing signal hardware. This study sought to determine whether such guardrails influence the prevalence and severity of motor vehicle strikes involving crossing hardware. A review of 10 years of police crash-report narratives in Iowa, United States (U.S.) indicates an average of 15.6 crashes per year at 1,853 crossings involving signal masts, signal guardrails, or related infrastructure. Over this period, one fatality and five serious injuries occurred as a result of these crashes. The crash-injury severity distributions appeared similar in crashes with and without guardrail, and regression models showed that guardrail presence did not affect the rate of crashes involving railroad apparatus. Although the use of longitudinal guardrail systems did not appear to have a strong effect on crash rates or severity at active grade crossings, other methods for reducing crash prevalence and severity could be explored in future research, such as the development of crashworthy signal assemblies for flashing-signal-only crossings and the redesign of gate and cantilever supports to increase separation from the traveled way.
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Sivanandan, R., Francois Dion, Hesham Rakha, and Michel Van Aerde. "Effect of Variable-Message Signs in Reducing Railroad Crossing Impacts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-11.

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At-grade highway–railroad crossings cause traffic control problems that have a bearing not only on traffic safety but also on traffic flow efficiency. Crossings located near freeway exits pose particularly acute problems, as long closures could result in vehicle queues that spill back onto freeway lanes. A potential solution to this problem was evaluated by investigating the use of variable message signs to divert exiting freeway traffic through non-congested alternate exits. This was done using the crossing near the Fredericksburg Road exit on Interstate 10 (I–10) in San Antonio, Texas, as a case study. In the evaluation, microscopic simulation was used to determine the impacts of train operations at the crossing and the potential benefits of a variable-message sign (VMS) system installed on I–10. These effects were gauged by considering scenarios with varying levels of train duration, traffic demand on the freeway exit, and driver compliance to the displayed messages. While little network improvements were obtained, the analysis demonstrates the capability of the INTEGRATION software in analyzing such scenarios and the extent to which exiting freeway traffic may benefit from the VMS system, as well as the need to consider fuel consumption and vehicles emissions in the evaluations.
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Coleman, Fred, and Young J. Moon. "System Simulation of Dual-Gate At-Grade Railroad-Highway Crossings: Development and Verification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1605, no. 1 (January 1997): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1605-11.

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A simulation model of a dual-gate railroad-highway grade crossing was developed, validated, and applied to six crossings on the Chicago–St. Louis High Speed Passenger Rail Corridor. Simulation was used to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the interaction of active safety devices, driver behavior, and vehicular and train traffic, and the dual-gate model served as the basis for development of a four-quadrant gate simulation model. Findings from the dual-gate simulation indicate that aggressive or inattentive drivers in the nonrecovery zone frequently exceed stopping distances and more beyond gate arms, and therefore are likely to proceed at high risk of a collision between their vehicle and a train.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Glogar, Matěj. "Analýza možností odvracení střetu osobního a drážního vozidla na železničním přejezdu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232660.

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Presented diploma thesis deals with problems connected with accidents at railroad crossings from the road and railway drivers´ perspectives. The theoretical part is particularly focused on the explanation of chosen regulations associated with railroad crossings, with their construction and technical design and also with ways and options of marking in connection with railroad crossing safety system. The paper mentions the most frequent causes why dangerous situations occur. These causes arise from the railway and road drivers´ personal experience, supplemented by statistics of accidents at railroad crossings for the previous periods. The practical part analyses the options for averting a collision on two particular railroad crossings. For this purpose, the railroad crossing secured by lights and the railroad crossing secured only by a warning cross were chosen. Here, with Virtual Crash programme support, the origin of the chosen crisis situations is simulated and later options of their averting are evaluated. Finally, proposals for increasing railroad crossings safety are formulated for both cases. The appendix consists of a list of legislative regulations dealing with railroad crossings, a driving record of the rail vehicle and its technical parameters and simulation programme´s outputs.
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Zhang, Li. "Optimizing Traffic Network Signals Around Railroad Crossings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27750.

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The dissertation proposed an approach, named â Signal Optimization Under Rail Crossing sAfety cOnstraintsâ (SOURCAO), to the traffic signal control near a highway rail grade crossing (HRGC). SOURCAO targets two objectives: HRGC safety improvement (a high priority national transportation goal) and highway traffic delay reduction (a common desire for virtually all of us). Communication and data availability from ITS and the next generation train control are assumed available in SOURCAO. The first step in SOURCAO is to intelligently choose a proper preemption phase sequence to promote HRGC safety. An inference engine is designed in place of traditional traffic signal preemption calls to prevent the queue from backing onto HRGC. The potential hazard is dynamically examined as to whether any queuing vehicle stalls on railroad tracks. The inference engine chooses the appropriate phase sequence to eliminate the hazardous situation. The second step in SOURCAO is to find the optimized phase length. The optimization process uses the network traffic delay (close to the control delay) at the intersections within HRGC vicinities as an objective function. The delay function is approximated and represented by multilayer perceptron neural network (off-line). After the function was trained and obtained, an optimization algorithm named Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) searches the length of phases (on-line) by minimizing the delay function. The inference engine and proposed delay model in optimization take the on-line surveillance detector data and HRGC closure information as input. By integrating artificial intelligence and optimization technologies, the independent simulation evaluation of SOURCAO by TSIS/CORSIM demonstrated that the objectives are reached. The average network delay for 20 runs of simulation evaluation is reduced over eight percent by a t-test while the safety of HRGC is promoted. The sensitivity tests demonstrate that SOURCAO works efficiently under light and heavy traffic conditions, as well as a wide range of HRGC closure times.
Ph. D.
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Dong, Airong S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Application of CAST and STPA to railroad safety in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76491.

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Thesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).
The accident analysis method called STAMP (System-Theoretic Accident Model), developed by Prof. Nancy Leveson from MIT, was used here to re-analyze a High Speed Train accident in China. On July 23rd, 2011, 40 people were killed and 120 injured on the Yong-Wen High Speed Line. The purpose of this new analysis was to apply the broader view suggested by STAMP, considering the whole socio-technological system and not only equipment failures and operators mistakes, in order to come up with new findings, conclusions and recommendations for the High Speed Train System in China. The STAMP analysis revealed that the existing safety culture in the whole train organization, the Ministry of Railway and all its sub organizations in both the Train Development and Train Operation channels, do not meet the safety challenges involved in a high risk system like this- running frequent trains on the same line at 250km/h, with hundreds of passenger on board. The safety hazards were not systematically analyzed (not at the top level nor at the design level), safety constraints and safety requirements were very vaguely phrased, and no real enforcement was applied on safe design and implementation nor on safe operation. It looks like no clear policy on the performance/safety dilemma existed, nor the necessary safety education and training. Following from the STAMP analysis, one of the major recommendations in this thesis is to create a professional Train Safety Authority at the highest level, to be in charge of creating and supervising the rules for both Engineering and Operations, those two being highly interrelated with respect to safety. Specific Control Structures are recommended too, along with some detailed technical recommendations regarding the fail-safe design of the equipment involved in the accident. Another major recommendation is to design the safety critical systems, like the signaling control system using STPA ((System Theoretic Process Analysis), a hazard analysis technique. In the second part of this thesis, STPA is applied to another signaling system-Communication Based Train Control (CBTC) system-which is similar to the one presented in the first part. The primary goal of STPA is to include the new causal factors identified in STAMP that are not handled by the older techniques. It aims to identify accident scenarios that encompass the entire accident process, including design errors, social, organizational, and management factors contributing to accidents. These are demonstrated in the STPA analysis section.
by Airong Dong.
S.M.in Engineering and Management
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Zaworski, David D. "Low volume grade crossing treatments for the Oregon high speed rail corridor." Thesis, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34690.

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This study defines the information gathering and communication and response needed for safety at highway-rail crossings. It examines technologies for low-cost, high-safety treatments for low volume highway crossings of higher speed (130-200 kph) rail. Crossing closure and consolidation is a necessary first step. Existing train control and crossing safety systems are examined. Intelligent Transportation System technologies are examined for applicability to the information gathering, communicating, and control functions of grade crossing safety. Guidelines are offered for low volume crossings of the high speed rail line in Oregon. A preliminary cost benefit analysis is presented. Above 200kph, crossing closure or grade separation is required. In the range of 130-200 kph, ITS technologies have the potential to enhance crossing safety at much lower cost than grade separation. A global positioning system based positive train control system provides the train location and speed information needed for advanced crossing control. A traffic management center can receive train and crossing information, operate crossing systems, and grant clearance for train or highway users through the crossing. Remote lock gates provide safety at private crossings. Increased traveler information and four quadrant warning gates increase motorist compliance at public crossings. At train speeds above 175 kph, barrier gates protect rail movements. Video monitoring and detection systems provide reliable, redundant information should a vehicle become trapped in a crossing.
Graduation date: 1996
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Chia-Hsueh, Yang, and 楊佳學. "A Study on Safety Assessment of Intelligent Level Crossing Safety Surveillance System." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14901524922047430219.

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碩士
淡江大學
運輸管理學系
92
Abstract In the future, in order to meet passengers’ requirements, a revolutionary process will exist in railway transportation. Therefore, many advanced countries make efforts in applying Intelligent Transportation Systems in railway transportation that is also called “Intelligent Railway Systems (IRS)”. IRS not only makes railway transportation automatic and intelligent but also achieves the goals of safety, efficiency, quality and environmental protection. Realizing comprehensive railway transportation with IRS in Taiwan, the infrastructures of Mass Rapid Transit System, High Speed Railway and Light Rail Transit System are currently carried out . Safety is the most crucial issue both for railway systems and for IRS. Whatever the country is, the safety problem of level crossing is especially a weakness for railway transportation system. There are about a hundred accidents of level crossings in Taiwan yearly. So it is imperative to apply the techniques of IRS to improve safety and reduce the rate of accidents for level crossing systems. The Ministry of Transportation and Communications is conducting a field trial project of Intelligent Level Crossing Safety Surveillance System. Consequently, the purpose of this research is to assess the effect of IRS applied in level crossing system for safety improvement. We will not discover the time-dependent behavior if utilizing conventional safety analysis methods. Generally, devices of a system may break down gradually because that IRS consists of many devices. It is possible and beneficial to adopt the conventional Fault Tree Analysis with Markov analysis applied in this research. The results of the research shown as follows: Firstly, it is evident that the safety of Intelligent Level Crossing Safety Surveillance System is better than existing level crossings. Secondly, the difference of accident rate before 2.35 thousands hours between Intelligent Level Crossing Safety Surveillance System and existing level crossings is very significant. Thirdly, it is shown that Intelligent Level Crossing Safety Surveillance System will be more durable than existing level crossings. Finally, the failure of communication devices will obviously influence safety of whole system and the image-capture problems occur most frequently. Key words: Intelligent Railway System, Fault Tree Analysis, Markov Analysis
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Chen, Yu-Ting, and 陳昱廷. "Pedestrian and Vehicle Classification Surveillance System for Street-Crossing Safety." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63284486766141129551.

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碩士
國立臺北大學
電機資訊產業研發碩士專班
99
This thesis presents a framework for automatic pedestrian and motor vehicle classification in a street-crossing safety surveillance system. The proposed method is a coarse to fine classification approach divided into two stages. In the first stage, the moving objects are detected, tracked and clustered into fast moving and slow moving categories according to a motion speed estimation method. This approach is applicable to identify motor vehicles and further differentiate cars from scooters using width and shape features. The second stage identifies slow moving objects. We proposed the grey-scale based Recurrent Motion Image (GRMI) to overcome the drawbacks of the original RMI. Haar-like features and the Adaboost algorithm are then employed to distinguish between pedestrians and scooters. Cars and scooters are classified using the object aspect ratio (AR) and area feature. The experimental results show that the recognition rate for 524 objects achieved 95.99%. The proposed system is promising for application to the traffic monitoring surveillance system.
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WANG, ZHENG-NAN, and 王鉦男. "A Study on Grade-Crossing Safety Monitoring and Alarm System." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5t8y8u.

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碩士
正修科技大學
營建工程研究所
107
This study is focused on the combination of the spatial information and wireless communication technologies for the development of grade crossings safety monitoring system. The core functions of the monitoring system include real-time image transmission, distance display and obstacles automatic warning. The real-time image transmission is achieved by combining with a miniature camera, image transmitting module, antenna and LCD screen, and thus can transmit the real-time situations of the grade crossings to the trains through RF. The distance display function was employed with GPS receiver to measure the coordinates of each grade crossing and then write the coordinates into the data processing unit for the coordinates of the driving train by the train GPS to calculate distance between the moving train and grade crossing. Meanwhile, the display of the distance on the LCD screen on the providing reference can get for train drivers. The obstacle automatic warning function is composed of the ultrasonic sensing unit, the RF transmission module, data receiving unit, the buzzer and so on. It can detect whether there is any obstacle in the grade crossing area. Once there is an obstacle, the system will beep automatically to remind train drivers. This study used the developed surveillance system to test on three grade crossing at Kaixuan Road, Fengping 2nd Road and next to the light rail transit on the Cheggong 2nd Road. The developed monitoring system in this study can transmit the real-time situations of grade crossings and the distance between the train and grade crossing to the driver’s screen. It can automatically remind the driver of that if there is any person or vehicle at the grade crossings ahead. The train driver can completely obtain the dynamic information of the grade crossing, and improve passerby safety. Keywords : grade crossing, monitoring system, image transmission, obstacle detection, distance display
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Chiu-YenTsai and 蔡湫雁. "Safety Video Data Transmission for the Grade Crossing Alarm System using Dual-Interface WAVE devices." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13660224774603900565.

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碩士
國立成功大學
資訊工程學系碩博士班
101
This thesis designs a communication protocol for streaming video data that are captured from a grade crossing. The corresponding communication protocol can be used in the Grade Crossing Alarm System (GCAS) to deliver the monitored video of a grade crossing as an aid for train drivers to make more precise decision for driving through grade crossings. This safety video data have requirements of a higher packet delivery ratio, higher throughput and lower delay and need to have the higher priority than other non-safety video data. Road Side Units (RSUs) and On Board Units (OBUs) used in GCAS adopt dual-interface WAVE devices. Road Side Units (RSUs) and OBUs, which are allocated in trains, used in the proposed GCAS communicate with each other using the wireless Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) scenario. According to the dual-interface characteristics, this thesis also proposes a three channel per cycle (TCPC) channel allocation algorithm for RSUs in GACS and an Inter-QoS scheme for other vehicles out of GCAS. Finally, the NS-2 simulation results show that the immediate access performances is better than that of the alternating access in this grade crossing scenario: lower delay, higher packet delivery ratio and higher throughput. Using immediate channel access, train driver can successfully receive the high quality streaming video data from a grade crossing.
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Cheng, Tzu-Liang, and 鄭子良. "A Study on the Influence of Advanced Detection System upon the Safety of Railway Crossing." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/55068257900153678120.

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碩士
國立中央大學
土木工程研究所
90
Level-crossing have been the underbelly of railway’s safeguard. The rate of the death population of TRA’s level-crossing accident in total system accident occupies 72.5 percent. The average rate of level-crossing accident in Third-A-type is the highest of TRA’s level-crossing at the present day. The main reason is “Vehicle driver trespassing”, and the rate occupies 73.5 percent in all level-crossing accident reasons. There are obvious relatives of level-crossing accident frequency and human behavior. When driver trespasses level-crossing, there is the possible that happens to the accident. The accident should be avoided if train driver can be given immediate information under enough brake distance. However, besides trespass behavior in the accident occurrence, we must consider if the vehicle can leave the level-crossing to keep the level-crossing empty before the train arrives the level-crossing. Alternatively, the train driver’s stopping sight distance is one of all variable that affects train stopping. The thesis combine the probability of trespassing level-crossing in warning time, probability of across on the level-crossing, the train position when driver brake and use foreign related model. The plan will use actual investigation method to emendation model and to set parameters in the model according intestine case. We hope to find the behavior model of trespassing level-crossing that can match intestine case and add the concept of advance level-crossing detector. Then we will compare the system effect for level-crossing accident to provide our conclusion.
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Wang, Liang-Tso, and 王良佐. "Innovation and Establishment Studies on the Real-time Safety Caution-Notifying of the Monitoring System for Railroad Bridge." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04384901277436934109.

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碩士
中原大學
土木工程研究所
97
Abstract Key words：real-time、monitoring、railroad bridge、management value、Transverse horizontal displacement Most rivers and creeks in Taiwan are rapids; with torrents of rain brought by Typhoon and cloudburst, the rapids strike and wear the base of railway, highway and bridge, resulting in steep and empty foundations, the damage of bridge structure, and the effect of driving safety. Bridges were divided by purpose into two categories, highway bridge and track bridge. This research takes Dajiaxi railroad bridge as background to establish the Real Time Automatic Monitoring System and address its innovation and advantage. This study applies representative monitoring method, which can show signs or variations before bridge collapse or derailment according to the variety of inclination of bridge pier, and adopts management value that is applicable to railway track - - Transverse horizontal displacement, which can maintain the safety of derailment; axial horizontal displacement, which can control collapse behavior of bridge structure. The Real Time Automatic Monitoring System provides immediate and Real-Time alarms; two-way management value supplies effective and simple management mechanisms. To make use of above methods can effectively achieve the goal of avoiding, preventing and minimizing hazards.
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Books on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Cohn, Theodore E. Improved grade crossing safety with in-pavement warning lights. Berkeley, Calif: California PATH Program, Institute of Transportation Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 2005.

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Intruder and Obstacle Detection Systems (IODS) for Railroads Requirements Workshop (1998 Cambridge, Mass.). Intruder and obstacle detection systems (IODS) for railroads: 1998 requirements workshop. Washington, D.C: U. S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Railroad safety: Status of efforts to improve railroad crossing safety : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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Foundation, Angels on Track. Local officials' handbook on railroad-crossing safety in Ohio. [Salineville, Ohio]: Angels on Track Foundation, 2003.

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Andrews, W. H. Railroad-highway grade crossing signal visibility improvement program. McLean, Va: Federal Highway Administration, 1987.

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Hartle, Allyson J. Minnesota rail-highway grade crossing safety improvement study. Saint Paul, Minn. (395 John Ireland Blvd., St. Paul 55155): Minnesota Dept. of Transportation, Office of the Commissioner, 1992.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Safety study: Railroad/highway grade crossing review--calendar years 1983 and 1984. Washington, D.C: National Transportation Safety Board, 1985.

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Khattak, Aemal J. Safety improvements at highway-railroad crossing for pedestrians and bicyclists and the assessment of long-term effects of centerline curbing. Lincoln, NE: Nebraska Transportation Center, 2012.

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United States. Dept. of Transportation. Grade Crossing Safety Task Force. Implementation report of the USDOT Grade Crossing Safety Task Force: Report to Secretary Rodney E. Slater. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, 1997.

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Powers, Richard D. Railroad crossing corridor improvements: A model program based on field reviews in six states. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Demonstration Projects Division, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Hosotani, Daisuke, Ikushi Yoda, and Katsuhiko Sakaue. "Development and Long-Term Verification of Stereo Vision Sensor System for Controlling Safety at Railroad Crossing." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 154–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04667-4_16.

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Cho, Bong-Kwan, Sang-Hwan Ryu, Hyeon-Chyeol Hwang, Seoung-Chon Koh, and Do-Hyeon Lee. "Intelligent Control System for Railway Level Crossing Safety." In IT Convergence and Security 2012, 309–17. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5860-5_37.

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Ortmeier, Frank, Wolfgang Reif, and Gerhard Schellhorn. "Formal Safety Analysis of a Radio-Based Railroad Crossing Using Deductive Cause-Consequence Analysis (DCCA)." In Dependable Computing - EDCC 5, 210–24. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11408901_15.

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Lewiński, Andrzej, and Katarzyna Trzaska–Rycaj. "The Safety Related Software for Railway Control with Respect to Automatic Level Crossing Signaling System." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 202–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16472-9_22.

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"Railroad Level Crossing - Technical and Safety Trouble." In Transport Systems and Processes, 69–76. CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11347-14.

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"Optimal design of control systems using a dependability criteria and temporal sequences evaluation-Application to a railroad transportation system." In Safety, Reliability and Risk Analysis, 3351–60. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781482266481-462.

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"Probabilistic Safety Assessment of Level Crossing System in Japanese Railway (PSAM-0125)." In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management (PSAM), 2106–13. ASME Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.802442.paper260.

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Hartong, Mark, and Duminda Wijesekera. "U.S. Regulatory Requirements for Positive Train Control Systems." In Railway Safety, Reliability, and Security, 1–21. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-1643-1.ch001.

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Positive Train Control (PTC) Systems are a type of Communications Based Train Control System (CBTC) designed to enhance railroad safety. As a consequence of a series of high profile train accidents in the United States, a statutory mandate for the installation of these systems in high risk areas by the end of 2015 has been established. This chapter identifies the impetus behind the statute, the statutory requirements associated with PTC, the implementing regulations for the statutory requirements, and the current status of regulatory compliance.
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"Border crossing point as a socio-technical system: applying STAMP and STPA to border security." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC) 2019, 234–42. Sciendo, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9788395669606-019.

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Mustaffa, Zahiraniza, Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami, Syed Muzzamil Hussain Shah, and Khamaruzaman Wan Yusof. "Impact and Mitigation Strategies for Flash Floods Occurrence towards Vehicle Instabilities." In Flood Impact Mitigation and Resilience Enhancement. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92731.

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This chapter presents a flood risk management system for vehicles at roadways, developed from extensive experimental and numerical studies on the impact of flash floods towards vehicle instabilities. The system, easily addressed as FLO-LOW, developed to contradict the assumptions that a vehicle would be able to protect the passengers from the flood impact. Herein the hydrodynamics of flows moving across these roads coupled with the conditions of a static car that would result in vehicle instabilities has been studied. In an attempt to prevent fatalities in commonly flooded areas, permanent structures are installed to warn users regarding water depth at the flooded areas. The existing flood monitoring system only focuses on water conditions in rivers or lake in order to determine risks associated with floods. Thus, there is a need for a better system to understand and quantify a mechanism to determine hydrodynamics instability of a vehicle in floodwaters. FLO-LOW enables the road users to input their vehicle information for a proper estimation of safety limits upon crossing the flood prone area. Preferably, the system enables road users to describe and quantify parameters that might cause their vehicles to become vulnerable to being washed away as they enter the flooded area.
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Conference papers on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Moore, Adam, Paul Zebell, Peter Koonce, and Jon Meusch. "A Method to Verify Railroad Interconnect With Highway Traffic Signal Systems." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5774.

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In response to increasing concern about railroad grade crossing safety, the Federal Railroad Administration and Department of Transportation issued Safety Advisory 2010-02 recommending in part “...that railroads conduct comprehensive joint inspections of highway traffic signal pre-emption interconnection with State and local highway authorities...” 2010-02 also recommends recording devices at interconnected highway-rail grade crossings. This paper addresses a method to facilitate these goals by enabling the highway authority to independently verify that rail equipment is functioning properly, and just as importantly, enabling the railroad to independently verify that the highway traffic signal equipment is providing adequate clearance time in advance of the arrival of the train in the crossing. The method involves adding two circuits between the rail equipment and the traffic signal equipment: a crossing island circuit, and a start of the traffic clearance phase indicator from the traffic signal to the rail equipment. This system has been implemented at two intersections in Portland, Oregon, with plans for further implementation.
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Minoli, Daniel, and Benedict Occhiogrosso. "Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Apparatus and Method for Rail Crossing Alerting of Static or Dynamic Rail Track Intrusions." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2304.

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This paper deals with Physical Safety and Security at rail crossings. There are about 150,000 public railroad grade crossings in the U.S. Unfortunately, approximately 2,000 accidents occur every year in the U.S., resulting not only in many injuries, but also in over 200 deaths annually. The predicament is that for various reasons, people, cars, and trucks find themselves on the rail tracks of an oncoming train at a railroad crossing. The system discussed in this paper provides a relatively inexpensive Internet of Things (IoT)-based capability that can be used to alert a rail operator that there is an obstruction on the tracks, and/or possibly to interwork with (but not replace) a Positive Train Control (PTC) system thus attempting to automatically stop an incoming train. In fact, IoT is now being deployed in railroads for a variety of applications. A brief description of cybersecurity issues related to IoT deployment is also included.
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Rose, Jerry G. "Rehabilitation Techniques to Improve Long-Term Performances of Highway-Railway At-Grade Crossings." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56015.

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The primary purpose of the highway-railway at-grade crossing is to provide a smooth surface for the safe passage of rubber-tired vehicles across the railroad. The crossing support and surface in the jointly used area represent a significantly expensive unit cost of the highway and railway line. The ideal highway crossing will maintain a smooth surface and stable trackbed for a long period of time. This will reduce costly, frequent disruptions to highway and railway traffic (to adjust the track or renew the surface due to rideability concerns), while concurrently providing improved operating performance and long life. Technology is available for rapidly renewing highway crossings within one day using a panel system with specifically designed layered support and premium materials. The procedure involves complete removal of the old crossing panel and trackbed materials — and replacing them with an asphalt underlayment layer, a pre-compacted ballast layer, a new track panel, and a new crossing surface. A cooperative effort between the local highway agency and the railway company will reduce costs, improve the quality of the finished product, and reduce outage of the highway and railroad. A major objective is to minimize disruption to both highway and railway traffic during the renewal process in addition to extending the life of the crossing. Suggested procedures, based on experiences for several installations, are presented. Typical schedules are for the railroad to be to be out-of-service for a maximum of four hours and for the highway to be closed only eight to twelve hours. Results are presented for crossings instrumented with pressure cells to document Pressure levels within the layered portion of the crossing structure. In addition, long-term Settlement measurements and assessments for several crossings are documented. The measurements indicate significantly reduced long-term settlements of crossings incorporating the rapid-renewal, layered system, while maintaining acceptable smoothness levels. These long-term performance evaluations indicate this practice ensures long-life, economical, smooth crossings for improved safety and operating performances for both highway agencies and railway companies.
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Ku, Bih-Yuan. "Augmentation of Level Crossing Safety Using Real-Time Video and Numerical Warning System." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36136.

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Official statistics showed that more than half of level crossing accidents in Taiwan were caused by intrusion of road users violating the right-of-way of the railroad. Thus it is critical that addition measures be developed to prevent or mitigate the seriousness of intrusion incidences even though many warning facilities are already in place. In this paper we propose to use real-time crossing cite image to provide train drivers with more vital information than alarm signals. In addition, we also take advantage of the radio link capacity to display numerical information of train distance on the fly to deter potential intrusion attempts. The result of this project can be used as reference design for the augmentation of level crossing safety of rail systems facing similar intrusion problems.
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Ngamdung, Tashi, and Marco daSilva. "Driver Behavior Analysis Using Vehicle Safety Systems’ Field Operational Test Data." In 2012 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2012-74088.

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The United States Department of Transportation’s (US DOT) Research and Innovative Technology Administration’s John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center (Volpe Center), under the direction of the US DOT Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Office of Research and Development (R&D), is leveraging the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) sponsored Integrated Vehicle Based Safety System (IVBSS) Light Vehicle (LV) Field Operational Test (FOT) to collect and analyze drivers’ activities at or on approach to highway-rail grade crossings. Grade crossings in Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio were cross-referenced with IVBSS LV FOT research vehicle location to identify the time research vehicles were present at a crossing. The IVBSS LV FOT included 108 participants that took a total of 22,656 trips. Of the 22,656 total trips, 3,137 trips included a total of 4,215 grade crossing events. The analysis was based of drivers’ activities at the 4,215 grade crossing events. Both looking behavior and distractions did not significantly differ based on gender. However when analyzed per age-group, younger drivers (between 20 to 30 years old) were significantly more likely to be distracted than middle-aged drivers (between 40 to 50 years old) or older drivers (between 60 to 70 years old). For looking behavior, the data revealed that older drivers are more likely to look at least one way at or on approach to highway-rail crossing (43.8 percent exhibited this behavior) than either middle-aged drivers (35.0 percent exhibited this behavior) or younger drivers (25.3 percent exhibited this behavior).
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Nelson, Carl A., Abolfazl Pourghodrat, and Mahmood Fateh. "Energy Harvesting From Vertical Deflection of Railroad Track Using a Hydraulic System for Improving Railroad Track Safety." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-63906.

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Grade crossings are locations of significant interest for prevention of collisions, injuries and fatalities in the railroad transportation system. Another area of concern is track maintenance, since derailments resulting from mechanically deficient track structures can cause significant endangerment to property and lives. A commonality between these two classes of incidents is that many occur in remote areas due to the lack of electrical infrastructure to power automated warning systems and/or track health monitoring sensor networks. Providing electrical infrastructure to railroad crossings in remote areas is often not economical, and other alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind energy are not reliable and robust. This motivated development of a hydraulic system capable of harnessing power from vertical deflection of railroad track due to passing railcar traffic. A hydraulic cylinder mounted under the bottom of the rail is compressed and relaxed by passage of each railcar, forcing the hydraulic fluid towards a hydraulic motor and converting the hydraulic pressure and flow into rotational motion and torque. The rotational motion is amplified to drive a PMDC generator. The hydraulic system was developed and testing was performed to verify the functionality of the hydraulic system and quantify the power output.
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Yoda, I., K. Sakaue, and D. Hosotani. "Multi-point Stereo Camera System for Controlling Safety at Railroad Crossings." In Fourth IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision Systems (ICVS'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icvs.2006.46.

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Malloy, Brett, Jerry G. Rose, and Reginald R. Souleyrette. "Rehabilitation, Assessment and Management Practices to Ensure Long-Life, High Performance Highway-Railway At-Grade Crossings." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3761.

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Rehabilitating and/or replacement of highway-railway at-grade crossings frequently accounts for major track maintenance expenses for the U.S. highway governmental agencies and the railroad industry. Substantial numbers of crossings deteriorate at a more rapid rate than the abutting trackbed and pavement. This is largely due to the structural implications of the combined highway and railway loadings within the jointly used crossing area and difficultly in maintaining adequate drainage within the immediate crossing area. A highway-railway at-grade crossing is designed to fulfill its primary purpose of providing a smooth surface for the safe passage of rubber-tired vehicles across the railroad. The jointly used area represents a significantly expensive unit cost of the highway and railway line. Ideally a highway crossing will maintain a smooth surface and stable trackbed for a long period of time. This reduces costly and frequent disruptions to highway and railway traffic when the track needs adjusting or the surface needs replacing due to rideability concerns. Technology is available for “fast-tracking” the renewal of highway crossings within one day (if desired) using a panel system with specifically designed layered support and premium materials. The procedure involves complete removal of the old crossing panel and trackbed materials. The replacement consists of an asphalt underlayment layer, a pre-compacted ballast layer, a new track panel, and a new crossing surface. The composition of the asphalt layer is similar to that used for highways. It replaces all, or a portion of, the typical granular subballast layer. A cooperative effort between the local highway agency and the railway company will ideally reduce costs, improve the quality of the finished product, and reduce outage of the highway and railroad during the rehabilitation process. A major objective is to minimize disruption to both highway and railway traffic during the renewal process in addition to improving the performance and extending the life of the crossing. Typical schedules are for the railroad to be out-of-service for a maximum of four hours and for the highway to be closed only eight to twelve hours, when length of closure is an issue of importance. Numerous long-term tests and performance evaluations of heavy trafficked railway and highway crossings are presented herein. Pressure cells have been imbedded within the trackbed to document pressure levels within the layered portion of the crossing structure due to loadings from trains and highway vehicles. In addition, long-term settlement measurements and assessments for several crossings are documented. The measurements indicate significantly reduced long-term settlements of crossings incorporating the rapid-renewal, layered system, while maintaining acceptable smoothness levels. In addition, standard practices and specifications are presented for several highway agencies and railway companies using this technology for their crossing renewal programs. These long-term performance evaluations indicate this practice ensures long-life, economical, smooth crossings for improved safety and operating performances. The application of this technology continues to increase and it is considered a standard practice in many areas of the country. A crossing management technique (model decision-making process) is described for assessing the optimum engineering solutions to restore desired smoothness, minimize subsequent settlement, and ensure acceptable long-term performances for highway-railway at-grade crossings. These are site-specific and based on historical performance, the present observed performance and condition, and measurable parameters for the particular crossing. The model decision-making process includes three options, depending on the source(s) of the crossing roughness. The process can involve merely making improvements to the quality of the pavement approaches. Another scenario can be to replace only the deteriorated crossing surface. The most involved solution is the complete renewal of the crossing surface, track panel, and underlying support to rectify a chronic problem that may be inhibiting the crossing from achieving optimum performance.
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Liu, Bideng, Ali I. Ozdagli, and Fernando Moreu. "Cost-Effective Monitoring of Railroad Bridge Performance." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3981.

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Railroads carry 40% of the U.S.’ freight tonnage. Railroad bridges are the most critical component of this network. Measuring transverse displacement of railroad bridges under train-crossing load is essential for the safe and cost-effective operation of railroad network. However, bridge displacement is difficult to collect in the field with traditional sensors due to the lack of fixed reference frame. Although reference-free sensors provide flexibility overcoming the aforementioned challenge, they often fail to capture pseudo-static components observed in timber bridges. This study proposes a novel reference-free sensing system to measure the total displacements of railroad bridges under train-crossing loads. A novel passive-servo electro-magnetic-induction (PSEMI) sensing technology provides accurate direct reference-free dynamic displacement measurement. Furthermore, researchers utilize two reference-free accelerometers to record inclination measurement and transform to pseudo-static displacement. Total bridge displacement is obtained by adding dynamic and pseudo-static responses together. Shake table experiments employing a bridge pier model excited by bridge displacements measured in the field has validated the effectiveness and accuracy of the novel sensing system.
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Berkowitz, Carl M., and Louis D. Rubenstein. "Passenger Railroad Facility Safety Audit as Revenue Protection." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5612.

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Thousands of slip, trip, missteps and fall accidents and train collisions occur each year at railroad stations, terminals, and grade crossings resulting in serious injuries causing a significant drain of financial resources. This paper provides guidance in identifying common safety hazards and easy ways to reduce or eliminate these dangers. This paper will cover a variety of safety issues, which are commonly present in a railroad environment. It also provides estimates regarding the cost of railroad related pedestrian accidents. More than 95 percent of injuries on rail system injuries are minor. The top one percent of injury claims can account for 20 percent of the total claims’ cost.
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Reports on the topic "Railroad Crossing Safety System"

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Lin, Pei-Sung. Coordinated Pre-Preemption of Traffic Signals to Enhance Railroad Grade Crossing Safety in Urban Areas and Estimation of Train Impacts to Arterial Travel Time Delay. Tampa, FL: University of South Florida, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2014-06.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
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Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.

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A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
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Your safety 1st: railroad crossing safety for emergency responders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2003121.

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