Journal articles: 'Railroad Crossing Safety System'

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Yeh, Michelle, and Jordan Multer. "Applying a Sociotechnical Framework for Improving Safety at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 24 (October 2007): 1550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705102408.

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To understand drivers' decisions and actions at grade crossings, we examined human factors contributing to noncompliance at grade crossings using a sociotechnical framework. This perspective allows driver behavior at grade crossings to be examined not as individual elements but rather as a function of how each element interacts with other elements within the system. In this paper, we present a model that addresses driver decision-making at grade crossings at a systems level. We identify and describe four elements of the grade crossing system influencing driver compliance: the design of the grade crossing environment, driver characteristics, the role of organizations and management, and social and political forces. We then apply the model to identify how failure to consider safety from a systems perspective contributed to the grade crossing accident that occurred in Fox River Grove, Illinois, in 1995.

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Crowley, Larry G., Brian L. Bowman, and Cecil Colson. "Computerized Office Support for State Highway-Rail Crossing Programs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300119.

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State programs in grade crossing safety are an important and successful traffic safety initiative. Their cost-benefit ratios are close to those achieved on all other highway safety projects. Estimates suggest these railroad crossing improvements have contributed to an 88 percent reduction in fatalities and a 62 percent reduction in injuries. While these achievements were obtained through the combined efforts of railroad companies and federal, state, and local governments, the primary responsibility for carrying out the program has fallen upon the states. States have developed individual procedures in identifying and improving high-risk grade crossings. These procedures, which constitute a naturally collaborative process, often lead to long periods of time between the initial identification of high-risk crossings and the physical installation of improvements. Most states either have initiated action or are considering procedural changes to reduce these times. One particularly beneficial action is a status tracking procedure. Described here is a computerized office support system that combines status tracking and reporting capability with the ability to produce system-compiled documents necessary for the functioning of the office. Alabama's Multimodal Office Support System (AlaMOSS), is designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of Alabama's grade-crossing safety program.

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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.

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Sukhom, Aunna, Ittipol Jangchud, Monsak Pimsarn, Jarruwat Charoensuk, and Veerachai Treeporncharoen. "Design of natural-rubber panel railroad crossing using finite element method." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202056.

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Thailand has a railway system that is available throughout the country, so there are several railroad crossings. These crossings are generally made of concrete or logs with multiple constraints. There are some disadvantages of concrete railroad crossing, such as, crack, noise during car passing over. To overcome these disadvantages, the softer materials should be used instead. Therefore, this research proposes the natural rubber, widely grown throughout Thailand, panel railroad crossing. However, the natural rubber alone is not enough to withstand the harsh condition. Thus, it is necessary to have some addition ingredients that will enhance the natural rubber properties. The material used in this research is a rubber compound between Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 75% and Natural rubber (NR) 25% blend with additives such as carbon black (CB), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulfur (S8). The objectives of this article were to analyze the deformation of the natural rubber panel railroad crossing and to evaluate its safety factor, defined as the ratio of strain at break and the maximum equivalent strain, using finite element method. In the analysis, the applied loading of the model was obtained from the State Railway of Thailand. The analyzed results reveal that the deflection of rubber panels passes the standard from State Railway of Thailand. Safety factor of external rubber panel is 27.03 and for internal rubber panels are 9.12 and 15.29. The metal pads had elastically deformed and concrete railroad sleeper deformation was very small.

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Wang, Sheng Hang, Kuang I. Chang, Jyun Long Chen, Mu Yu Tsai, and Bor Nian Chuang. "Applications of Doppler Radar Sensors on Railroad Crossing Safety Alerting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.714.

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Radar sensors like ultra-wideband Doppler radar sensors may be utilized as a vibration sensing device in a restricted area for railroad monitoring. As long as something or someone enters the restricted area, the alert signals will be sent to the control center or train driver to stop the moving train and prevent accidents. Combining with visual monitor system, the radar sensors may compensate for the insufficient information under poor lighting, fogging, or raining environment. The simulations and experimental results supported its feasibility in a railroad system. The feasibility of further radar application is also discussed.

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Zaman, Asim, Xiang Liu, and Zhipeng Zhang. "Video Analytics for Railroad Safety Research: An Artificial Intelligence Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (August 20, 2018): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792751.

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The volume of video data in the railroad industry has increased significantly in recent years. Surveillance cameras are situated on nearly every part of the railroad system, such as inside the cab, along the track, at grade crossings, and in stations. These camera systems are manually monitored, either live or subsequently reviewed in an archive, which requires an immense amount of human resources. To make the video analysis much less labor-intensive, this paper develops a framework for utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for the extraction of useful information from these big video datasets. This framework has been implemented based on the video data from one grade crossing in New Jersey. The AI algorithm can automatically detect unsafe trespassing of railroad tracks (called near-miss events in this paper). To date, the AI algorithm has analyzed hours of video data and correctly detected all near-misses. This pilot study indicates the promise of using AI for automated analysis of railroad video big data, thereby supporting data-driven railroad safety research. For practical use, our AI algorithm has been packaged into a computer-aided decision support tool (named AI-Grade) that outputs near-miss video clips based on user-provided raw video data. This paper and its sequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with next-generation big data analysis methods and tools for quickly and reliably processing large volumes of video data in order to better understand human factors in railroad safety research.

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Estes, R. Matthew, and Laurence R. Rilett. "Advanced Prediction of Train Arrival and Crossing Times at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-08.

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There are many issues related to highway–railroad grade crossings. For historic and practical reasons, trains have the right-of-way at grade crossings, which results in delays to motorists. In addition, the differential in size, speed, and stopping ability between motor vehicles and trains raises many serious safety concerns. Historically, the methods used to address these delay and safety problems at grade crossings have been reactive in nature. For example, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies a minimum of 20 s of warning time for active warning devices at grade crossings. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology offers potential solutions for increasing the warning time at grade crossings. Advanced on-board devices and off-track detection equipment can allow train position and speed to be monitored. This information can be shared through wireless and wireline telecommunications equipment being deployed for ITS. Transportation management center personnel can then predict the arrival and crossing times of trains at grade crossings. It is hypothesized that if the warning time could reliably be increased, the traffic-operation strategies in the vicinity of grade crossings could be more proactive, reducing delay to motorists and increasing safety for both trains and automobiles. The research focuses on a second-generation technology approach to an advanced prediction of train arrival and crossing (gate-up and gate-down) times at highway–railroad grade crossings, including problems faced at grade crossings, background on detection and prediction technology for grade crossings, the train monitoring system used as the test bed for the research, the development of the methodology, the results of the analysis, and the conclusions of the research and potential applications for the model.

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Cyr, Justin D., John W. Shaw, and Peter T. Savolainen. "Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Railroad Crossing Signal Masts and Guardrails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (July 1, 2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857952.

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The installation of “active” warning devices, such as crossing signals and gates, is a principal element of state and federal railroad crossing safety programs, and their effectiveness in preventing vehicle–train collision is well documented. While most active crossings are occupied by trains only a few minutes each day, non-crashworthy items are frequently present at active crossings including crossing signal masts, crossing gate mechanisms, cantilever supports, and signal controller bungalows. Various agencies utilize longitudinal guardrail systems to protect errant motorists from striking non-frangible crossing signal hardware. This study sought to determine whether such guardrails influence the prevalence and severity of motor vehicle strikes involving crossing hardware. A review of 10 years of police crash-report narratives in Iowa, United States (U.S.) indicates an average of 15.6 crashes per year at 1,853 crossings involving signal masts, signal guardrails, or related infrastructure. Over this period, one fatality and five serious injuries occurred as a result of these crashes. The crash-injury severity distributions appeared similar in crashes with and without guardrail, and regression models showed that guardrail presence did not affect the rate of crashes involving railroad apparatus. Although the use of longitudinal guardrail systems did not appear to have a strong effect on crash rates or severity at active grade crossings, other methods for reducing crash prevalence and severity could be explored in future research, such as the development of crashworthy signal assemblies for flashing-signal-only crossings and the redesign of gate and cantilever supports to increase separation from the traveled way.

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Sivanandan, R., Francois Dion, Hesham Rakha, and Michel Van Aerde. "Effect of Variable-Message Signs in Reducing Railroad Crossing Impacts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-11.

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At-grade highway–railroad crossings cause traffic control problems that have a bearing not only on traffic safety but also on traffic flow efficiency. Crossings located near freeway exits pose particularly acute problems, as long closures could result in vehicle queues that spill back onto freeway lanes. A potential solution to this problem was evaluated by investigating the use of variable message signs to divert exiting freeway traffic through non-congested alternate exits. This was done using the crossing near the Fredericksburg Road exit on Interstate 10 (I–10) in San Antonio, Texas, as a case study. In the evaluation, microscopic simulation was used to determine the impacts of train operations at the crossing and the potential benefits of a variable-message sign (VMS) system installed on I–10. These effects were gauged by considering scenarios with varying levels of train duration, traffic demand on the freeway exit, and driver compliance to the displayed messages. While little network improvements were obtained, the analysis demonstrates the capability of the INTEGRATION software in analyzing such scenarios and the extent to which exiting freeway traffic may benefit from the VMS system, as well as the need to consider fuel consumption and vehicles emissions in the evaluations.

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Coleman, Fred, and Young J. Moon. "System Simulation of Dual-Gate At-Grade Railroad-Highway Crossings: Development and Verification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1605, no. 1 (January 1997): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1605-11.

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A simulation model of a dual-gate railroad-highway grade crossing was developed, validated, and applied to six crossings on the Chicago–St. Louis High Speed Passenger Rail Corridor. Simulation was used to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the interaction of active safety devices, driver behavior, and vehicular and train traffic, and the dual-gate model served as the basis for development of a four-quadrant gate simulation model. Findings from the dual-gate simulation indicate that aggressive or inattentive drivers in the nonrecovery zone frequently exceed stopping distances and more beyond gate arms, and therefore are likely to proceed at high risk of a collision between their vehicle and a train.

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HAYASHI, Kentaro, and Akinori KOMATSUBARA. "2F2-3 Attempt to evaluate functional safety of railroad crossing system using STAMP / STPA." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 54, Supplement (June 2, 2018): 2F2–3–2F2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.54.2f2-3.

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Grzechca, Damian, Paweł Rybka, and Roman Pawełczyk. "Level Crossing Barrier Machine Faults and Anomaly Detection with the Use of Motor Current Waveform Analysis." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113206.

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Barrier machines are a key component of automatic level crossing systems ensuring safety on railroad crossings. Their failure results not only in delayed railway transportation, but also puts human life at risk. To prevent faults in this critical safety element of automatic level crossing systems, it is recommended that fault and anomaly detection algorithms be implemented. Both algorithms are important in terms of safety (information on whether a barrier boom has been lifted/lowered as required) and predictive maintenance (information about the condition of the mechanical components). Here, the authors propose fault models for barrier machine fault and anomaly detection procedures based on current waveform observation. Several algorithms were applied and then assessed such as self-organising maps (SOM), autoencoder artificial neural network, local outlier factor (LOF) and isolation forest. The advantage of the proposed solution is there is no change of hardware, which is already homologated, and the use of the existing sensors (in a current measurement module). The methods under evaluation demonstrated acceptable rates of detection accuracy of the simulated faults, thereby enabling a practical application at the test stage.

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Liu, Huiyuan, Myungwoo Lee, and Aemal J. Khattak. "Updating Annual Average Daily Traffic Estimates at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings with Geographically Weighted Poisson Regression." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (May 12, 2019): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119844976.

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Highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) are unique nodes in the transportation system that facilitate the movement of rail and highway traffic. Various mathematical models are available that provide safety assessments of HRGCs. A chief ingredient of these models is the annual average daily traffic (AADT). One of the main sources of data for such models is the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)’s Grade Crossing Inventory. A substantial portion of the AADT data in the inventory is outdated. This paper investigates the effects of using out-of-date rather than up-to-date AADT values, using two safety assessment models to isolate the differences. Results show that the use of out-of-date AADT data generates biased rankings of HRGCs based on safety considerations. Since collection of AADT data is resource-intense, a methodology based on a geographic information system for estimating updated AADT is presented. This methodology utilizes limited traffic counts that are supplemented with additional publicly available data. An application using a geographically weighted Poisson regression model for 14 HRGCs gave results that closely matched AADT values based on 2018 field traffic counts at those HRGCs. This method provides an alternative to costly field-data-based updating of AADT in the relatively extensive Grade Crossing Inventory database. Limitations of the research and suggestions for future research complete this paper.

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Hosotani, Daisuke, Ikushi Yoda, Yoshiyuki Hishiyama, and Katsuhiko Sakaue. "Development and Long-Term Verification of Stereo Vision Sensor System for Controlling Safety at Railroad Crossing." IEEJ Transactions on Electronics, Information and Systems 130, no. 8 (2010): 1423–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejeiss.130.1423.

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Buyakova, N. V., V. P. Zakaryukin, A. V. Kryukov, and D. A. Seredkin. "Simulation of Electromagnetic Fields Generated by Overhead Power Lines and Railroad Traction Networks." Energy Systems Research, no. 2(14) (July 23, 2021): 70–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2021.02.0007.

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The establishment of smart grids requires special attention to the safety of power industry facilities and the reduction in their negative impact on personnel and the environment. A significant factor of such an impact is the considerable intensities of electromagnetic field (EMF) generated by such facilities. In the context of power industry digitalization, the development of methods and tools for EMF digital simulation is needed to ensure the electromagnetic safety of the service personnel. Computer models designed to adequately determine the EMF generated by overhead power lines (OPL) can be implemented based on the methods and tools created to determine operating parameters of electric power systems in phase coordinates developed at Irkutsk State Transport University. The technique of electromagnetic safety analysis is implemented based on the proposed approach and has the following features: a systems approach, which is the possibility of simulating electromagnetic fields in terms of properties and characteristics of a complex electric power system; versatility, which allows simulating power lines and traction networks of various designs; appropriateness to the environment achieved by considering the profile of the underlying surface, underground utilities, and artificial structures of rail transport, such as galleries, bridges, and tunnels; comprehensiveness, which is provided by combining the computation of operating parameters and the determination of EMF intensities. The paper describes methods and algorithms developed to determine the intensities of electromagnetic fields generated by multi-conductor power lines at fundamental and higher harmonics frequencies. A technique for the EMF determination at the points of OPL orthogonal crossing is also presented.

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Song, Hae Sang, and Tag Gon Kim. "Application of Real-Time DEVS to Analysis of Safety-Critical Embedded Control Systems: Railroad Crossing Control Example." SIMULATION 81, no. 2 (February 2005): 119–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549705052229.

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PENG, Wei, Erlin LIU, Lihan CHEN, and Dong ZHAI. "Modeling and analysis of urban rail plug door system based on Petri net and SDG diagram." MATEC Web of Conferences 272 (2019): 01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927201037.

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The on-the-road fault diagnosis of the urban rail train passenger compartment door is a weak field in the world research. At present, most of the fault diagnosis and monitoring models for door systems are based on the analysis of historical data. Under the background of continuous development and innovation of railroad crossing equipment, it is urgent to study the model of door system suitable for online monitoring and fault diagnosis. The modeling method combining SDG(signed directed graph) diagram and Petri net is adopted. The Petri net with improved conditional fuzzy time constraint is the first layer, and the SDG diagram is the second layer. Through the dynamic simulation and concurrent processing capability of Petri net, the dynamic process simulation of the system is carried out. At the same time, the SDG map and the Petri net are connected by means of standard tables; The SDG diagram is used to construct a hazard identification and fault mining for the causal relationship between related variables in a certain state of the library. Aiming at the urban rail passenger room plug door system, the model is established and the online safety monitoring hidden danger mining process of the model method in the urban rail plug door is analyzed.

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Aliev, T. A., T. A. Babayev, T. A. Alizada, N. E. Rzayeva, and E. E. Alibayli. "A System for Noise Control of the Technical Condition of Railroad Bridges and Tunnels in Seismically Active Regions." Mekhatronika, Avtomatizatsiya, Upravlenie 22, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17587/mau.22.237-245.

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The authors analyze the technical condition of objects of railroad communications with modern bridges, tunnels, stations, overpasses, crossings and power installations. It is noted that, based on the specific features of such objects, control of their technical condition in most cases is carried out at certain intervals. At the same time, existing continuous control systems do not always adequately assess the technical condition of rail infrastructure objects due to the presence of additional noises in the processed signals at the time when a malfunction occurs. In this regard, one of the possible options is proposed for "continuous" monitoring of the beginning of changes in the technical condition of railroad tracks by means of noise technologies. It is pointed out that when the technical condition of rail infrastructure changes, vibration signals caused by the impact of rolling stock contain noises in addition to the useful component. The use of correlation and spectral analysis technologies, as well as other traditional methods does not allow ensuring the adequacy of the control results, due to the influence of the noise on useful vibration signals. Therefore, technologies are proposed for split analysis of the useful signal and the noise received from vibration, as well as for forming informative attributes of identification of the technical condition of rail infrastructure. In this case, the estimates of the characteristics of the useful signal and the noise are used as the main carrier of diagnostic information. Due to the simplicity and reliability of the developed theoretical algorithms, the implementation of the technical equipment and its installation in all objects of the railroad track present no particular difficulties. At the same time, the implementation of the Noise system will ensure real-time control of the beginning of changes in the technical condition of railroad tracks during the movement of the rolling stock. This, in turn, will allow timely detection of malfunctions, significantly enhancing the safety of passenger and cargo rail transportation.

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Lasisi, Ahmed, Pengyu Li, and Jian Chen. "Hybrid Machine Learning and Geographic Information Systems Approach — A Case for Grade Crossing Crash Data Analysis." Advances in Data Science and Adaptive Analysis 12, no. 01 (January 2020): 2050003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2424922x20500035.

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Highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) accidents continue to be a major source of transportation casualties in the United States. This can be attributed to increased road and rail operations and/or lack of adequate safety programs based on comprehensive HRGC accidents analysis amidst other reasons. The focus of this study is to predict HRGC accidents in a given rail network based on a machine learning analysis of a similar network with cognate attributes. This study is an improvement on past studies that either attempt to predict accidents in a given HRGC or spatially analyze HRGC accidents for a particular rail line. In this study, a case for a hybrid machine learning and geographic information systems (GIS) approach is presented in a large rail network. The study involves collection and wrangling of relevant data from various sources; exploratory analysis, and supervised machine learning (classification and regression) of HRGC data from 2008 to 2017 in California. The models developed from this analysis were used to make binary predictions [98.9% accuracy & 0.9838 Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) score] and quantitative estimations of HRGC casualties in a similar network over the next 10 years. While results are spatially presented in GIS, this novel hybrid application of machine learning and GIS in HRGC accidents’ analysis will help stakeholders to pro-actively engage with casualties through addressing major accident causes as identified in this study. This paper is concluded with a Systems-Action-Management (SAM) approach based on text analysis of HRGC accident risk reports from Federal Railroad Administration.

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Wolek, Arthur Lester. "Maglev freight - one possible path forward in the U.S.A." Transportation Systems and Technology 4, no. 3 (November 2, 2018): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst201843117-133.

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Background: As high-speed rail and other transportation technologies are moving forward and gaining funding in the United States, the push for MagLev is not receiving the necessary support that would make it a viable alternative in the near future. Major changes in the approach to implementing MagLev could make a better case for it, specifically for carrying freight. One alternative that has been considered in the past is the modification of existing freight railways to support MagLev. For this to be economically feasible and practical, such a solution has to be able to support both conventional freight trains and MagLev freight. Aim: The successful application of Partially Magnetically-Levitated Freight (PMLF) technology achieved by integrating superconducting MagLev technology with current railroad design and operations. Methods: A MagLev freight system that is envisioned to use existing rail routes must be designed to be compatible with the existing railway infrastructure. To accomplish this, every component utilized by the railroads must be examined in detail to determine if and how it could be affected by the proposed PMLF. In addition, components that will need to be modified for PMLF operation must undergo a retrofit design and testing process. The design scope must also include an examination of all existing tasks and activities that are being performed by the railroads such as track maintenance and repair. Any procedures that affect or are affected by the addition of PMLF will need to be modified. Finally, superconducting MagLev technology must be optimized and advanced for application to PMLF. Opinions and Discussions: The dual use of railway lines has substantial cost advantages when compared to building new dedicated MagLev freight corridors. In fact it could make the entire proposition very appealing if proven to be technically feasible. However, there are certain limitations and concerns that would cause policy makers to reject such a proposal unless such obstacles can be shown to be temporary and non-critical. Essential rail installations such as switches are presently difficult to modify in a way that would ensure reliable functionality for both MagLev and conventional freight trains, and grade crossings pose safety risks. It is difficult to envision the tremendous leap forward of merging MagLev with existing freight rail lines when much more basic technologies such as positive train control are not even fully implemented. Consequently, it is a challenge to advance MagLev in the United States where new dedicated freight corridors are considered to be cost-prohibitive and dual use railway lines pose uncertainties that railroad companies simply do not want to solve. However, there is one more solution has not been considered that would allow a MagLev freight train to navigate on existing railway infrastructure without disrupting traditional rail utilization. This solution is a partially magnetically-levitated freight train. Results: After reviewing the fundamental components, systems and operations of the railways in the United States, it will be feasible and practical to introduce magnetic levitation technology to assist in moving freight on existing rail routes. PMLF trains will be able to take advantage of magnetic levitation on sections where the track has been upgraded to allow its use and much higher speed while still being able to travel on unmodified sections with the same speed as traditional trains. Conclusion: Modifying existing freight rail with magnetic “quasi-lift” technology is a much lower cost alternative to building an entirely new MagLev infrastructure. This alternative will provide very important benefits including enhancing safety in the rail industry. In its first phase of implementation, the proposed PMLF system will levitate a significant portion of the weight of the train but still utilize the existing steel rails for traction and guidance. The most evident advantages of this approach include reduced wear on rail and other supporting elements, and a significant reduction in friction and energy use. Locomotives, freight cars and all other components could be made lighter and travel speeds will increase dramatically due to less impact and other effects. Later phases of implementation will focus on magnetic traction and guidance. The acceptance and success of this partially levitated system will eventually lead to fully levitated freight transport technology. Sometimes it is necessary to take smaller steps to achieve the desired future.

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Kim, Z., and T. E. Cohn. "Pseudoreal-Time Activity Detection for Railroad Grade-Crossing Safety." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2004.838507.

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Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Wawan Hermanto. "Arduino-Based Railway Arrival Detection And Name Detection Design At A Level Crossing." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.40.

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Transportation safety must be obeyed by all modes of transportation. The railroad crossing is one point that has the potential for conflict between railroad shares and road users. In accordance with applicable regulations, railroad facilities are prioritized when passing level crossings. In fact, road users often try to break the rules. This research aims to present alternative solutions to improve the safety of road users and railroad lines at cross section level. This research uses a method that begins with a literature study. Next through the design phase, the prototype stage and finally the testing phase. The results of this study are the prototype of the railroad direction detector and the identification of electronic-based railways by using an Arduino Microcontroller. The result shows an LCD board that can provide information to road users for the train's arrival direction and train name. With this information it is expected that road users are more concerned with safety and can be careful when passing a level crossing.

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Greene, George Jefferson. "Locomotive whistle controlled railroad grade crossing warning system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 1 (2003): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1554214.

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Sri Winar. "AUTOMATIC TRAIN DOOR PORTAL SYSTEM USING REGULATED STRAIGHT MOTION FORMULAS." MULTICA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MST) 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47002/mst.v1i1.199.

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The train station is an important facility. However, the services provided to train passengers are still not optimal. There are still several weaknesses, including the arrival and departure processes of trains that still rely on telephone communication with other station staff. Notification of train arrival will be sent by telephone by the officer at the previous station to the destination station. On receiving notification of arrival, station staff will close the train portal. This process can have a weakness, and namely, if there is the officers' negligence, it can cause an accident. This is due to the absence of an automatic operating system on the railroad crossing portals. Because the manual system must use human labour or operators to operate and open the railroad crossing portals, so that operator error or failure of manual operation of the portal can increase the likelihood of a train accident occurring at the crossing portal, the above problems can be overcome by implementing an automatic portal closure system. With an automatic portal system, the portal will automatically close if a train passes through the crossing.

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Stephens, Burton W., and Gary Long. "Supplemental Pavement Markings for Improving Safety at Railroad–Highway Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-03.

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An evaluation was performed of special X-box pavement marking configurations at railroad–highway grade crossings, originally used in several European countries. The intent is to provide motorists with supplemental visual cues about whether sufficient space is available for safe storage of a vehicle beyond the track for a motorist to proceed across. It is intended for application where nearby intersections can cause queues to back up to the track. These conspicuous markings, configured as an X in a box, were tested at two Florida locations, one in an urban area and one in a rural area, over a 1 ½-year period. The rates of cars hazardously stopping on or closely adjacent to the railroad tracks at the crossings were compared under pre- and postinstallation conditions. Results at the rural location showed a decline of more than 60% in hazardous stoppage rates over an extended period. No significant differences were found between the pre- and postinstallation tests at the urban location. A control site was utilized near the crossing in the urban location, and it showed no significant differences between the two test periods that were concurrent with the analysis at the treated site. Recommendations are provided for application of these markings at grade crossing sites in rural and urban locations.

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Long, Gary. "Easy-to-Apply Solution to a Persistent Safety Problem: Clearance Time for Railroad-Preempted Traffic Signals." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1856, no. 1 (January 2003): 239–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1856-26.

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Traffic signals near railroad grade crossings having active warning systems are normally interconnected and receive a signal from the railroad track circuitry when trains are approaching. This train approach signal is used by the traffic signal to interrupt and preempt its normal phasing and enter into higher priority special phasings to clear the track of any vehicles that might be stopped in the pathway of a train. The amount of preemption time needed to clear a vehicle from the pathway of a train is necessary information for appropriate preemption signal settings but there are no definitive guidelines on how to determine this amount of time. It is usually left to the judgment of the signal engineer, and frequently unfounded assumptions are used. This study investigated the time required to clear a vehicle in a queue backed up onto a track at railroad-preempted traffic signals. The two key time components are start-up delay and repositioning time. Queues where all preceding vehicles are short passenger cars cause the longest start-up delays, and heavy trucks at the track involve the longest repositioning times. The model developed is convenient because once it is decided that preemption is needed, only easily determined values are required—the minimum track clearance distance, the clear storage distance, and the types of vehicles that are permitted to use the roadway. The model adopts a high level of confidence to minimize the risk of crashes but avoids the "worst-case" concept to avert an invitation for litigation when an improbable or unforeseen worst case results in a crash.

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Konur, Dinçer, Mihalis M. Golias, and Brandon Darks. "A mathematical modeling approach to resource allocation for railroad-highway crossing safety upgrades." Accident Analysis & Prevention 51 (March 2013): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2012.11.011.

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Armstrong, James, and Leonor Barroca. "Specification and verification of reactive system behaviour: The Railroad Crossing example." Real-Time Systems 10, no. 2 (March 1996): 143–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360339.

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Luthfiyah, Hilda, Okghi Adam, Teddy Anugrah, and Gilang Mantara. "CAMERA-BASED DETECTORS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DETECTING TRAINS IN A LEVEL CROSSING IMPLEMENTATION." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i2.4077.

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Based on data from Indonesia Directorate General of Railways in 2017, it is mentioned that the problems at the level crossing of railroad tracks are mostly caused by human error factors themselves. The current train headway and the crossing system that is still operated manually can increase the potential for accidents. Therefore, the development of alternative camera-based detectors to support the railroad crossing automation system is needed at this time. The development of this camera-based train detector uses the basic program You Only Look Once (YOLO), where YOLOv3 has proven to be accurate enough to detect moving objects. The development results show promising results for several types of alternative trains. Key Words : Detectors; Train; YOLOv3

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Ratnawati, Elfrida. "The Importance of Railroad Crossing Doors as Rules of Safety and Environmental Safety: An Overview of Responsibilities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 519 (July 7, 2020): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/519/1/012020.

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Goslie, Andre, Fikri Tri Fadilah, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Ahmad Nalhadi. "Sistem Alarm untuk Mendeteksi Kedatangan Kereta Api." Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jpmwp.v2i1.612.

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Accidents can occur anywhere including railroad crossings that are the responsibility of the Transportation Department. Train crossing on average still using the manual system so that has high potential for accidents. The design of this tool is used to minimize accidents that occur and increase the awareness of railroad communities pass. The basic design of this tool use the sensor so the sensor will send a signal) when the train passes. The making of the tool is converted into a system button due to the long process of permission to the rail party. The making of this tool is in accordance with the advice of the RW Chairman and the officer of the railroad crossing. Alarms and lights will work when the button is pressed and off according to the predefined timer.

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Linja, Anne, Pasi Lautala, David Nelson, and Elizabeth S. Veinott. "Rail Safety: Examining the Effect of Driving Experience and Type of Crossing on Safety Concerns." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641348.

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Vehicle-train collisions at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings continue to be a safety concern and despite improvements in warnings, many of these incidents are attributed to human error. In some cases, distractions other than railroad traffic, such as nearby highway intersections, may create additional burdens for drivers’ decision making. In this study, we systematically examined safety concerns across two types of Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: non-short storage and short-storage. In a controlled experiment, 48 college-aged drivers viewed a series of driving scene images and identified, rated, and explained up to five safety concerns in each image. Participants reported more safety concerns and higher average severity of those concerns for short-storage rail crossings than non-short storage, but these findings did not depend on rural vs. urban driving experience. Content analysis of the 1,230 safety concerns using chi-squared analysis revealed differences in attention to dynamic safety concerns by rail crossing type, but not to static concerns.

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Kisilowski, Jerzy, and Elżbieta Kowalik-Adamczyk. "Test of quantity characteristic technical condition of railway turnouts." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.430.

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The assessment of the technical condition of the railroad crossing from the approach to the safety of passengers traveling by train plays a very janitorial role. Bearing in mind how quickly destructive or abrasive materials of which the teams included in the next turnout were made, an attempt was made to determine the list of allowed deviations on railroad switch segments and values occurring at railway turnouts and affecting the dynamics of the rail vehicle passing through the crossroads. Both size groups that characterize the crossover can be used to assess the turnout status and define the forces occurring when crossing the crossover of a rail vehicle. The results of the analysis carried out for the actual data included in the technical train turnout form are also presented. Conclusions from the analysis were also formulated.

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Mahmudi, Irwan, and Sri Wiwoho Mudjanarko. "SAFETY AND SECURITY STUDIES OF RAILWAY LINES WITH PUBLIC ROADS (CASE STUDY OF RAILROAD CROSSING IN THE KENJERAN ROAD OF SURABAYA CITY)." IJEEIT : International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology 2, no. 2 (October 1, 2020): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijeeit.v2i2.1154.

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Railways are a mode of transportation that is being liked by the public because of its efficiency. The train has its own road in the form of rails, it doesn’t mean the train doesn’t intersect other transportation. The train crossing is a conflict area for public road users with train. This includes train crossing at Kenjeran street. The kenjeran street itself is a national road that is quite strategic because it is one of the accesses to the Surabaya-Madura toll road. The research this time aims to find out the security aspects that must be improved at the train crossing kenjeran street. Including rider behaviour at the time of the train crossing. The method used for this research is direct observation of the field and also shares questionnaires to find out if a public road user understands regulations while on a train crossing. The research results of many signs or road markers are incomplete so that many road users do not know that in front of the train crossing. Other public road user behaviour is also a lot of offense.

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Widodo, Ari, and Wahyu Sapto Aji. "Palang Pintu Kereta Api Pneumatik Otomatis Berbasis PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A." Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 1, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/biste.v1i2.1011.

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One alternative in reducing accidents at railroad crossings without guards is automatic pneumatic railroad crossings. This tool uses PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a processing system. Automatic crossing railroad crossing works by using two proximity sensors that are placed on the right and left crossings with a distance far from the crossing (approximately 1 KM). The system outputs are pneumatically actuated sirens, lights and door lintels. At most this door will move up and down closing and opening the crossing. The use of pneumatics in manufacturing because pneumatics saves more space around the crossing and is safe. In testing, detection is done in 2 opposite directions. The results show the tool has been working to close and open crossings with good performance.Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi kecelakaan di pintu perlintasan kereta api tanpa penjaga adalah palang pintu kereta api pneumatik otomatis. Alat ini menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) sebagai sistem pemroses. Palang pintu perlintasan kereta api otomatis bekerja dengan menggunakan dua buah sensor proximity yang di letakkan pada kanan dan kiri perlintasan dengan jarak yang jauh dari perlintasan (kurang lebih 1 KM). Keluaran sistem berupa aktifnya sirene, lampu, dan palang pintu yang digerakkan dengan pneumatik. Paling pintu ini akan bergerak naik dan turun menutup dan membuka perlintasan. Penggunaan pneumatik dalam pembuatan karena pneumatik lebih menghemat ruang sekitar perlintasan dan aman. Dalam pengujiannya, pendeteksian dilakukan dengan 2 arah yang berlawanan. Hasil menunjukkan alat telah bekerja menutup dan membuka perlintasan dengan kinerja yang baik.

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Alligood, Anna Bovbjerg, Manali Sheth, Anne Goodchild, Edward McCormack, and Polina Butrina. "Rails-Next-to-Trails: A Methodology for Selecting Appropriate Safety Treatments at Complex Multimodal Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (September 9, 2018): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792763.

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There are more than 212,000 at-grade railroad crossings in the United States. Several feature paths running adjacent to the railroad tracks, and crossing a highway; they serve urban areas, recreational activities, light rail station access, and a variety of other purposes. Some of these crossings see a disproportionate number of violations and conflicts between rail, vehicles, and pedestrians and bikes. This research focuses on developing a methodology for appropriately addressing the question of treatments in these complex, multimodal intersections. The methodology is designed to be able to balance a predetermined, prescriptive approach with the professional judgment of the agency carrying out the investigation. Using knowledge and data from the literature, field studies, and video observations, a framework for selecting treatments based on primary issues at a given location is developed. Using such a framework allows the agency to streamline their crossing improvement efforts; to easily communicate and inform the public of the decisions made and their reasons for doing so; to secure stakeholder buy-in prior to starting a project or investigation; to make sure that approach and selected treatments are more standardized; and to ensure transparency in the organization to make at-grade crossings safer for pedestrians and bicyclists, without negatively impacting trains or vehicles.

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Medina, Juan C., and Rahim (Ray) F. Benekohal. "Dual Microwave Radar Vehicle Detection System at Four-Quadrant-Gate Railroad Grade Crossing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2458, no. 1 (January 2014): 110–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2458-14.

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Yıldız, Kürşat, and Harun Kınacı. "Evaluation of Safety Performance of Level Crossings in Turkey with Data Envelopment Analysis." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-21.

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Level crossing, also known as railroad and highway crossings, pose a risk to those who use both modes of transport due to collisions that may occur. This risk associated with level crossings is of great importance both in Turkey and in the world. In this study, data envelopment analysis was performed on the accident data occurring on five types of level crossings in Turkey and a measurement of safety performances of level crossings in Turkey was provided. As a result of the analysis, the most efficient three-level crossings were found to be Hilal-Bandırma in Manisa, Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_1, and Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_2. In addition, a linear regression model that serves with the variables which are the components of level crossing and the number of accidents is established. In this model, it is seen that the ratio of independent variables to dependent variables was statistically significant.

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S.H., M.HUM, Suwardi, Rossa ILMA SILFIAH, and Heru KUSWANTO. "Public Policy on Safety and Security Railroad System in Indonesia." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 3, no. 2 (August 24, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v3i2.100.

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Implementation of the new law on railways are yet to be seen due to government regulation as executors being discussed. Government regulations mandated by Law No. 23, 2007 set as fast as 1 (one) year from the entry into force of the Act. Nevertheless in his closing conditions stated that at the time the Act came into force. All the implementing regulations of Law No. 13 1992 declared still valid this does not contradict or replaced under the Act contained in Law No. 23 of 2007 in line with the implementation of regional autonomy and decentralization intended by the Act No. 32 of 2004 on Regional Government and Government Regulation No. 38 2007 on delegation of authority from central to local governments. The quality of rail services, especially in economy class lately felt worse. Headway uncertain security condition, and the level of safety continues to decline. Train accident rate continues to rise, where in 2007 there were 116 accidents, an increase from the 2006 total of 107 times. More than 90% of accidents that occurred in 2007 caused by a Train derailment or overturned (Directorate of Railways, 2008). Key words: Policy, Safety, Railway, Passengers.

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Gent, Steve J., Scott Logan, and David Evans. "Automated-Horn Warning System for Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: Evaluation at Three Crossings in Ames, Iowa." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-09.

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Traditionally, locomotive engineers begin sounding the train horn approximately one-quarter mile from the crossing to warn motorists and pedestrians approaching the intersection. To be heard over this distance, the train horn must be very loud. This combination of loud horns and the length along the tracks that the horn is sounded creates a large area adversely impacted by the horn noise. In urban areas, this area likely includes many nearby residents. The automated-horn system provides a similar audible warning to motorists and pedestrians by using two stationary horns mounted at the crossing. Each horn directs its sound toward the approaching roadway. The horn system is activated using the same track–signal circuitry as the gate arms and bells located at the crossing. Once the horn is activated, a strobe light begins flashing to inform the locomotive engineer that the horn is working. Horn volume data collected near the crossings clearly demonstrate the significant reduction of land area negatively impacted by using the automated horns. Residents overwhelmingly accepted the automated-horn systems and noted a significant improvement in their quality of life. Motorists preferred the automated-horn systems, and locomotive engineers rated these crossings slightly safer compared with the same crossings in the before (train horn) condition.

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41

Coleman, Fred, and oung J. Moon. "Design of Gate Delay and Gate Interval Time for Four-Quadrant Gate System at Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300118.

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A design methodology for gate delay and gate interval time for at-grade crossings using four-quadrant gates is developed. The design approach is based on the concept of dilemma zones related to signal change intervals at signalized intersections. The design approach is validated based on data from six sites in Illinois on a proposed high-speed rail corridor. Gate delay and gate interval times are determined that provide an optimal safe decision point to allow a driver to stop before the crossing or to proceed through the crossing without becoming trapped by the exit gates.

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Hwang, Hyun-Bea, and Se-Hong Min. "Safety Problem of Gaseous Extinguishing System in Underground Subway Station." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.101.

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The gaseous fire extinguishing agents CO<sub>2</sub>, Halon 1301, and HCFC-BLEND A and a clean fire extinguishing agent are installed and operated in 85.5%, 6.19%, 4.14%, and 4.62% of the city railroad subway stations of Korea, respectively. The fire extinguishing halon gases Halon1301 and HCFC-BLEND A currently used in city railroad subway stations are already regulated globally because of global warming and ozone layer destruction.Moreover, the use of Halon 1301 is prohibited because of the development of alternative clean fire extinguishing gas. However, newly installing and operating CO₂, unlike the use of halon gas, has not been sanctioned. In particular, even though a fire extinguishing CO₂ facility has the serious safety problem of choking accidents occurring as a result of operation in a closed space because of the characteristics of a subway station, the situation has not been improved. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development designates CO₂ as the major substance causing global warming and forcibly allocates the reduction of carbon emissions to member countries through a reduction policy. Therefore, overall annual replacement of CO₂ fire extinguishing facilities installed and operated in subway stations is necessary, and the problems of fire extinguishing operation characteristics and maintenance of fire extinguishing gas facilities should be reviewed. The purpose of this work is to presentthe maintenance status of fire extinguishing gas facilities installed and operated in the city railroad subway stations of Korea. Furthermore, the preparation of measures and laws for preventing fatalities resulting from choking caused by fire extinguishing CO₂ facilities and for improving cooperation with the international environmental response is proposed.

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Tianchen, Yuan, Yang Jian, Song Ruigang, and Liu Xiaowei. "Vibration energy harvesting system for railroad safety based on running vehicles." Smart Materials and Structures 23, no. 12 (November 11, 2014): 125046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0964-1726/23/12/125046.

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Khan, Waleed A., and Aemal J. Khattak. "Injury Severity of Truck Drivers in Crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (June 11, 2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781183.

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The physical and operational characteristics of large trucks distinguish them from other types of vehicles in terms of facility design needs and safety requirements. A critical node in the surface transportation network is the highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) because it represents a conflict point between different modes of transportation. The focus of this research was to identify factors related to different injury severity levels of truck/truck-trailer drivers in crashes reported at HRGCs. This study utilized a mixed logit model to investigate injury severity of those drivers and relied on 2007–2014 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) crash and inventory data involving trucks/truck-trailers. Results showed that truck/truck-trailer drivers’ injuries in crashes reported at HRGCs were positively associated with train speed, when train struck the road user (truck/truck-trailer), when the driver “went around crossing gates”, older drivers, crashes reported in rural areas, and crashes at crossings with a minimum crossing angle of 60–90 degrees. Presence of crossbucks, gates, track obstructions, and HRGCs located within 500 feet of a highway were associated with relatively less severe driver injuries. The paper provides recommendations for safety improvements at HRGCs and recommendations for future research.

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Dian, Setiawan M., Mayang Sari, and Noor Mahmudah. "Safety inspection on level crossing JPL 727 km 537+453 Patak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta." MATEC Web of Conferences 181 (2018): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818104005.

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Level crossing (LC) safety inspection between a highway and a railroad on Pirak-Pathukan Road, Sleman, Yogyakarta is necessary because this LC is located near various community centers, has high traffic volume, intersects with railway double tracks, and intersecting angle that is not perpendicular. This study aims to evaluate LC technical condition, analyse delay time and vehicles queue length, and evaluate pavement structure condition. The research results indicate: 1) LC technical conditions do not meet the requirements of Regulation of Director General of Land Transport No. 770 Year 2005; 2) The longest duration of LC gate closure occurred on Sunday at 15:05, that is 360 seconds, the highest traffic flow occurred on Monday (from the South side) that is equal to 1443 skr/day, and the longest delay time occurs on Sunday at 15:05, that is 498 seconds; 3) The value of pavement condition index (PCI) is 82% very good.

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Yoeseph, N. M., A. Marzuki, M. Yunianto, and F. A. Purnomo. "Study of Weight in Motion Sensor for Railroad Crossing Warning System Using Artificial Neural Network." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 578 (October 4, 2019): 012086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/578/1/012086.

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Addabbo, Tommaso, Cristian Della Giovampaola, Ada Fort, Marco Mugnaini, Alessandro Pozzebon, Alberto Toccafondi, and Valerio Vignoli. "Target measurements influence on level crossing detection system safety determination." Measurement 135 (March 2019): 547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.11.059.

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Zaman, Asim, Baozhang Ren, and Xiang Liu. "Artificial Intelligence-Aided Automated Detection of Railroad Trespassing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (May 9, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846468.

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Trespassing is the leading cause of rail-related deaths and has been on the rise for the past 10 years. Detection of unsafe trespassing of railroad tracks is critical for understanding and preventing fatalities. Witnessing these events has become possible with the widespread deployment of large volumes of surveillance video data in the railroad industry. This potential source of information requires immense labor to monitor in real time. To address this challenge this paper describes an artificial intelligence (AI) framework for the automatic detection of trespassing events in real time. This framework was implemented on three railroad video live streams, a grade crossing and two right-of-ways, in the United States. The AI algorithm automatically detects trespassing events, differentiates between the type of violator (car, motorcycle, truck, pedestrian, etc.) and sends an alert text message to a designated destination with important information including a video clip of the trespassing event. In this study, the AI has analyzed hours of live footage with no false positives or missed detections yet. This paper and its subsequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with state-of-the-art AI tools to harness the untapped potential of an existing closed-circuit television infrastructure through the real-time analysis of their data feeds. The data generated from these studies will potentially help researchers understand human factors in railroad safety research and give them a real-time edge on tackling the critical challenges of trespassing in the railroad industry.

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Hariyadi, Aad, Moh Syakur Romadhoni, M. Abdullah Anshori, and Amalia Eka Rakhmania. "Implementasi Lampu Peringatan Pada Perlintasan Tanpa Palang Pintu Kereta Api Berbasis Mikrokontroler." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 2, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v2i01.188.

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This research aims to make a warning light with a microcontroller base as a control system. With the aim of reducing the use of manual systems in general that are in use today. The advantage of this warning light control system is that it functions to reduce the number of accidents that occur and can be used for railroad crossings where there are still no latches that have not been installed on the railroad railroad crossing (wild road). The display of the work system that is made will be monitored using a web monitoring display that supports and is easy to understand. Even though it has some delay in the process, the planned system has run well based on the average delay value. The experimental results show the average delay measured in the system is 0.31 seconds before sending from the node and 0.49 seconds when there is a change in conditions, while when there is data transmission from the node. The measured packet loss on the system is 0% before transmission and fans and 8.88% when data is transmitted from the node.

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Wang, Xu, Jiangchen Li, Can Zhang, and Tony Z. Qiu. "Active Warning System for Highway-Rail Grade Crossings Using Connected Vehicle Technologies." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2019 (February 11, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3219387.

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Highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) collisions are a significant safety concern around the world. HRGC collisions have a high risk of injuries and fatalities. To mitigate that risk, safety countermeasures for both active and passive HRGCs have been implemented. Leveraging the latest developments in connected vehicle (CV) technologies, CV-based warning systems perform well in safety applications for roadway networks. However, few have been developed to focus on safety improvements specifically for HRGCs. To bridge this gap, this paper proposes a novel active warning system that was created with readily available CV technologies and devices. A crossing risk assessment model was developed and evaluated in simulation and field applications. The proposed model predicts the crossing risk probabilities in the near future. When road users are in great risk of a collision, the warning system sends out auditory and visual alerts and displays the estimated waiting time. The test results reveal that the proposed warning system is promising for field implementation to improve safety at grade crossings.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Railroad Crossing Safety System'

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