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Journal articles on the topic 'Railroad Crossing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Fischhaber, Pamela M., and Bruce N. Janson. "Preliminary Analysis of Light Rail Crashes in Denver, Colorado." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2275, no. 1 (January 2012): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2275-02.

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This paper presents a preliminary analysis of light rail crashes at at-grade crossings in Denver, Colorado, based on Regional Transportation District data for 1999 through 2009. Differences in design and operation of at-grade crossings are discussed for light rail versus common carrier railroad (railroad). The differences appear to warrant the development of separate crash prediction and hazard index models because models developed for railroad at-grade crossing operations may not accurately predict the number and severity of crashes at light rail at-grade crossings. In addition, the models developed for railroads do not predict crashes at crossings for some traffic control device types such as traffic signals. The lack of information for crossings controlled by traffic signals in the railroad crash prediction equations is one reason why equations specific to light rail may need to be developed. This study identifies patterns in light rail crossing crash data that warrant further investigation and support the development of crash prediction models and hazard index equations specific to light rail at-grade crossing configurations and operations.
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2

Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (January 1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.
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3

Widodo, Ari, and Wahyu Sapto Aji. "Palang Pintu Kereta Api Pneumatik Otomatis Berbasis PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A." Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 1, no. 2 (September 10, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/biste.v1i2.1011.

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One alternative in reducing accidents at railroad crossings without guards is automatic pneumatic railroad crossings. This tool uses PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a processing system. Automatic crossing railroad crossing works by using two proximity sensors that are placed on the right and left crossings with a distance far from the crossing (approximately 1 KM). The system outputs are pneumatically actuated sirens, lights and door lintels. At most this door will move up and down closing and opening the crossing. The use of pneumatics in manufacturing because pneumatics saves more space around the crossing and is safe. In testing, detection is done in 2 opposite directions. The results show the tool has been working to close and open crossings with good performance.Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi kecelakaan di pintu perlintasan kereta api tanpa penjaga adalah palang pintu kereta api pneumatik otomatis. Alat ini menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) sebagai sistem pemroses. Palang pintu perlintasan kereta api otomatis bekerja dengan menggunakan dua buah sensor proximity yang di letakkan pada kanan dan kiri perlintasan dengan jarak yang jauh dari perlintasan (kurang lebih 1 KM). Keluaran sistem berupa aktifnya sirene, lampu, dan palang pintu yang digerakkan dengan pneumatik. Paling pintu ini akan bergerak naik dan turun menutup dan membuka perlintasan. Penggunaan pneumatik dalam pembuatan karena pneumatik lebih menghemat ruang sekitar perlintasan dan aman. Dalam pengujiannya, pendeteksian dilakukan dengan 2 arah yang berlawanan. Hasil menunjukkan alat telah bekerja menutup dan membuka perlintasan dengan kinerja yang baik.
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4

Cyr, Justin D., John W. Shaw, and Peter T. Savolainen. "Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Railroad Crossing Signal Masts and Guardrails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (July 1, 2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857952.

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The installation of “active” warning devices, such as crossing signals and gates, is a principal element of state and federal railroad crossing safety programs, and their effectiveness in preventing vehicle–train collision is well documented. While most active crossings are occupied by trains only a few minutes each day, non-crashworthy items are frequently present at active crossings including crossing signal masts, crossing gate mechanisms, cantilever supports, and signal controller bungalows. Various agencies utilize longitudinal guardrail systems to protect errant motorists from striking non-frangible crossing signal hardware. This study sought to determine whether such guardrails influence the prevalence and severity of motor vehicle strikes involving crossing hardware. A review of 10 years of police crash-report narratives in Iowa, United States (U.S.) indicates an average of 15.6 crashes per year at 1,853 crossings involving signal masts, signal guardrails, or related infrastructure. Over this period, one fatality and five serious injuries occurred as a result of these crashes. The crash-injury severity distributions appeared similar in crashes with and without guardrail, and regression models showed that guardrail presence did not affect the rate of crashes involving railroad apparatus. Although the use of longitudinal guardrail systems did not appear to have a strong effect on crash rates or severity at active grade crossings, other methods for reducing crash prevalence and severity could be explored in future research, such as the development of crashworthy signal assemblies for flashing-signal-only crossings and the redesign of gate and cantilever supports to increase separation from the traveled way.
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5

Sukhom, Aunna, Ittipol Jangchud, Monsak Pimsarn, Jarruwat Charoensuk, and Veerachai Treeporncharoen. "Design of natural-rubber panel railroad crossing using finite element method." MATEC Web of Conferences 192 (2018): 02056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819202056.

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Thailand has a railway system that is available throughout the country, so there are several railroad crossings. These crossings are generally made of concrete or logs with multiple constraints. There are some disadvantages of concrete railroad crossing, such as, crack, noise during car passing over. To overcome these disadvantages, the softer materials should be used instead. Therefore, this research proposes the natural rubber, widely grown throughout Thailand, panel railroad crossing. However, the natural rubber alone is not enough to withstand the harsh condition. Thus, it is necessary to have some addition ingredients that will enhance the natural rubber properties. The material used in this research is a rubber compound between Chloroprene Rubber (CR) 75% and Natural rubber (NR) 25% blend with additives such as carbon black (CB), magnesium oxide (MgO) and sulfur (S8). The objectives of this article were to analyze the deformation of the natural rubber panel railroad crossing and to evaluate its safety factor, defined as the ratio of strain at break and the maximum equivalent strain, using finite element method. In the analysis, the applied loading of the model was obtained from the State Railway of Thailand. The analyzed results reveal that the deflection of rubber panels passes the standard from State Railway of Thailand. Safety factor of external rubber panel is 27.03 and for internal rubber panels are 9.12 and 15.29. The metal pads had elastically deformed and concrete railroad sleeper deformation was very small.
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6

Sunaryo, Sunaryo, and Wawan Hermanto. "Arduino-Based Railway Arrival Detection And Name Detection Design At A Level Crossing." Jurnal Perkeretaapian Indonesia 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2017): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37367/jpi.v1i2.40.

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Transportation safety must be obeyed by all modes of transportation. The railroad crossing is one point that has the potential for conflict between railroad shares and road users. In accordance with applicable regulations, railroad facilities are prioritized when passing level crossings. In fact, road users often try to break the rules. This research aims to present alternative solutions to improve the safety of road users and railroad lines at cross section level. This research uses a method that begins with a literature study. Next through the design phase, the prototype stage and finally the testing phase. The results of this study are the prototype of the railroad direction detector and the identification of electronic-based railways by using an Arduino Microcontroller. The result shows an LCD board that can provide information to road users for the train's arrival direction and train name. With this information it is expected that road users are more concerned with safety and can be careful when passing a level crossing.
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7

Rolle, Andrew, William Deverell, and Gregory Lee Thompson. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Journal of American History 82, no. 1 (June 1995): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082016.

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8

Hofsommer, Don L., and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." American Historical Review 100, no. 1 (February 1995): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168130.

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9

Miner, Craig, and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Technology and Culture 36, no. 3 (July 1995): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3107270.

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10

Gould, Lewis L., and William Deverell. "Railroad Crossing: Californians and the Railroad, 1850-1910." Western Historical Quarterly 25, no. 4 (1994): 513. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/970359.

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11

Goslie, Andre, Fikri Tri Fadilah, Supriyadi Supriyadi, and Ahmad Nalhadi. "Sistem Alarm untuk Mendeteksi Kedatangan Kereta Api." Wikrama Parahita : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30656/jpmwp.v2i1.612.

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Accidents can occur anywhere including railroad crossings that are the responsibility of the Transportation Department. Train crossing on average still using the manual system so that has high potential for accidents. The design of this tool is used to minimize accidents that occur and increase the awareness of railroad communities pass. The basic design of this tool use the sensor so the sensor will send a signal) when the train passes. The making of the tool is converted into a system button due to the long process of permission to the rail party. The making of this tool is in accordance with the advice of the RW Chairman and the officer of the railroad crossing. Alarms and lights will work when the button is pressed and off according to the predefined timer.
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12

Yeh, Michelle, and Jordan Multer. "Applying a Sociotechnical Framework for Improving Safety at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 24 (October 2007): 1550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705102408.

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To understand drivers' decisions and actions at grade crossings, we examined human factors contributing to noncompliance at grade crossings using a sociotechnical framework. This perspective allows driver behavior at grade crossings to be examined not as individual elements but rather as a function of how each element interacts with other elements within the system. In this paper, we present a model that addresses driver decision-making at grade crossings at a systems level. We identify and describe four elements of the grade crossing system influencing driver compliance: the design of the grade crossing environment, driver characteristics, the role of organizations and management, and social and political forces. We then apply the model to identify how failure to consider safety from a systems perspective contributed to the grade crossing accident that occurred in Fox River Grove, Illinois, in 1995.
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13

Pettit, Michael. "Watson at the Railroad Crossing." Missouri Review 8, no. 3 (1985): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mis.1985.0071.

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14

Crowley, Larry G., Brian L. Bowman, and Cecil Colson. "Computerized Office Support for State Highway-Rail Crossing Programs." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300119.

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State programs in grade crossing safety are an important and successful traffic safety initiative. Their cost-benefit ratios are close to those achieved on all other highway safety projects. Estimates suggest these railroad crossing improvements have contributed to an 88 percent reduction in fatalities and a 62 percent reduction in injuries. While these achievements were obtained through the combined efforts of railroad companies and federal, state, and local governments, the primary responsibility for carrying out the program has fallen upon the states. States have developed individual procedures in identifying and improving high-risk grade crossings. These procedures, which constitute a naturally collaborative process, often lead to long periods of time between the initial identification of high-risk crossings and the physical installation of improvements. Most states either have initiated action or are considering procedural changes to reduce these times. One particularly beneficial action is a status tracking procedure. Described here is a computerized office support system that combines status tracking and reporting capability with the ability to produce system-compiled documents necessary for the functioning of the office. Alabama's Multimodal Office Support System (AlaMOSS), is designed to improve the productivity and effectiveness of Alabama's grade-crossing safety program.
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15

Mortimer, Rudolf G. "Oh! Say, Can You Hear that Train Coming to the Crossing?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 14 (October 1994): 898–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801422.

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How effective is the horn on trains in alerting motorists, cyclists and pedestrians of the approach of a train to a highway-railroad crossing? Road users become aware of trains approaching crossings either by seeing them, hearing the warning horn or by warning devices at the crossing. Auditory warnings have some advantages over others, but practical problems of sound transmission and the noise environment of road users limit their effectiveness. Factors that affect the audibility of train horns and crossing bells are discussed. Train and crossing bells are generally effective for persons in their immediate environment, but are relatively ineffective for occupants of closed vehicles. Because of the lack of reliability of the detectability of auditory warning signals provided to motorists and others approaching rail-highway crossings, they should visually scan the tracks to ascertain the presence of a train.
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16

Estes, R. Matthew, and Laurence R. Rilett. "Advanced Prediction of Train Arrival and Crossing Times at Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 68–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-08.

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There are many issues related to highway–railroad grade crossings. For historic and practical reasons, trains have the right-of-way at grade crossings, which results in delays to motorists. In addition, the differential in size, speed, and stopping ability between motor vehicles and trains raises many serious safety concerns. Historically, the methods used to address these delay and safety problems at grade crossings have been reactive in nature. For example, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies a minimum of 20 s of warning time for active warning devices at grade crossings. Intelligent transportation system (ITS) technology offers potential solutions for increasing the warning time at grade crossings. Advanced on-board devices and off-track detection equipment can allow train position and speed to be monitored. This information can be shared through wireless and wireline telecommunications equipment being deployed for ITS. Transportation management center personnel can then predict the arrival and crossing times of trains at grade crossings. It is hypothesized that if the warning time could reliably be increased, the traffic-operation strategies in the vicinity of grade crossings could be more proactive, reducing delay to motorists and increasing safety for both trains and automobiles. The research focuses on a second-generation technology approach to an advanced prediction of train arrival and crossing (gate-up and gate-down) times at highway–railroad grade crossings, including problems faced at grade crossings, background on detection and prediction technology for grade crossings, the train monitoring system used as the test bed for the research, the development of the methodology, the results of the analysis, and the conclusions of the research and potential applications for the model.
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17

Sivanandan, R., Francois Dion, Hesham Rakha, and Michel Van Aerde. "Effect of Variable-Message Signs in Reducing Railroad Crossing Impacts." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-11.

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At-grade highway–railroad crossings cause traffic control problems that have a bearing not only on traffic safety but also on traffic flow efficiency. Crossings located near freeway exits pose particularly acute problems, as long closures could result in vehicle queues that spill back onto freeway lanes. A potential solution to this problem was evaluated by investigating the use of variable message signs to divert exiting freeway traffic through non-congested alternate exits. This was done using the crossing near the Fredericksburg Road exit on Interstate 10 (I–10) in San Antonio, Texas, as a case study. In the evaluation, microscopic simulation was used to determine the impacts of train operations at the crossing and the potential benefits of a variable-message sign (VMS) system installed on I–10. These effects were gauged by considering scenarios with varying levels of train duration, traffic demand on the freeway exit, and driver compliance to the displayed messages. While little network improvements were obtained, the analysis demonstrates the capability of the INTEGRATION software in analyzing such scenarios and the extent to which exiting freeway traffic may benefit from the VMS system, as well as the need to consider fuel consumption and vehicles emissions in the evaluations.
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18

Alligood, Anna Bovbjerg, Manali Sheth, Anne Goodchild, Edward McCormack, and Polina Butrina. "Rails-Next-to-Trails: A Methodology for Selecting Appropriate Safety Treatments at Complex Multimodal Intersections." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (September 9, 2018): 12–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792763.

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There are more than 212,000 at-grade railroad crossings in the United States. Several feature paths running adjacent to the railroad tracks, and crossing a highway; they serve urban areas, recreational activities, light rail station access, and a variety of other purposes. Some of these crossings see a disproportionate number of violations and conflicts between rail, vehicles, and pedestrians and bikes. This research focuses on developing a methodology for appropriately addressing the question of treatments in these complex, multimodal intersections. The methodology is designed to be able to balance a predetermined, prescriptive approach with the professional judgment of the agency carrying out the investigation. Using knowledge and data from the literature, field studies, and video observations, a framework for selecting treatments based on primary issues at a given location is developed. Using such a framework allows the agency to streamline their crossing improvement efforts; to easily communicate and inform the public of the decisions made and their reasons for doing so; to secure stakeholder buy-in prior to starting a project or investigation; to make sure that approach and selected treatments are more standardized; and to ensure transparency in the organization to make at-grade crossings safer for pedestrians and bicyclists, without negatively impacting trains or vehicles.
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19

Stephens, Burton W., and Gary Long. "Supplemental Pavement Markings for Improving Safety at Railroad–Highway Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1844, no. 1 (January 2003): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1844-03.

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An evaluation was performed of special X-box pavement marking configurations at railroad–highway grade crossings, originally used in several European countries. The intent is to provide motorists with supplemental visual cues about whether sufficient space is available for safe storage of a vehicle beyond the track for a motorist to proceed across. It is intended for application where nearby intersections can cause queues to back up to the track. These conspicuous markings, configured as an X in a box, were tested at two Florida locations, one in an urban area and one in a rural area, over a 1 ½-year period. The rates of cars hazardously stopping on or closely adjacent to the railroad tracks at the crossings were compared under pre- and postinstallation conditions. Results at the rural location showed a decline of more than 60% in hazardous stoppage rates over an extended period. No significant differences were found between the pre- and postinstallation tests at the urban location. A control site was utilized near the crossing in the urban location, and it showed no significant differences between the two test periods that were concurrent with the analysis at the treated site. Recommendations are provided for application of these markings at grade crossing sites in rural and urban locations.
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20

Yıldız, Kürşat, and Harun Kınacı. "Evaluation of Safety Performance of Level Crossings in Turkey with Data Envelopment Analysis." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 1113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5004-21.

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Level crossing, also known as railroad and highway crossings, pose a risk to those who use both modes of transport due to collisions that may occur. This risk associated with level crossings is of great importance both in Turkey and in the world. In this study, data envelopment analysis was performed on the accident data occurring on five types of level crossings in Turkey and a measurement of safety performances of level crossings in Turkey was provided. As a result of the analysis, the most efficient three-level crossings were found to be Hilal-Bandırma in Manisa, Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_1, and Samsun-Kalın in Amasya_2. In addition, a linear regression model that serves with the variables which are the components of level crossing and the number of accidents is established. In this model, it is seen that the ratio of independent variables to dependent variables was statistically significant.
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21

Luthfiyah, Hilda, Okghi Adam, Teddy Anugrah, and Gilang Mantara. "CAMERA-BASED DETECTORS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO DETECTING TRAINS IN A LEVEL CROSSING IMPLEMENTATION." Majalah Ilmiah Pengkajian Industri 14, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/mipi.v14i2.4077.

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Based on data from Indonesia Directorate General of Railways in 2017, it is mentioned that the problems at the level crossing of railroad tracks are mostly caused by human error factors themselves. The current train headway and the crossing system that is still operated manually can increase the potential for accidents. Therefore, the development of alternative camera-based detectors to support the railroad crossing automation system is needed at this time. The development of this camera-based train detector uses the basic program You Only Look Once (YOLO), where YOLOv3 has proven to be accurate enough to detect moving objects. The development results show promising results for several types of alternative trains. Key Words : Detectors; Train; YOLOv3
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22

Tokhirov, Ezozbek Turalievich. "Analysis and Scientific Methodological Recommendations for Reducing the Delay on Railway Crossings." Interactive science, no. 5 (60) (July 25, 2021): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-554252.

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In this research focus on reduces waiting time and safe travel time at a level crossing. Current research interest is the application to improve implementation, reducing the waiting time for motor vehicles at a railroad crossing. At last, got at the level crossing 5% effective result for one improving period.
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23

Gent, Steve J., Scott Logan, and David Evans. "Automated-Horn Warning System for Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings: Evaluation at Three Crossings in Ames, Iowa." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1708, no. 1 (January 2000): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1708-09.

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Traditionally, locomotive engineers begin sounding the train horn approximately one-quarter mile from the crossing to warn motorists and pedestrians approaching the intersection. To be heard over this distance, the train horn must be very loud. This combination of loud horns and the length along the tracks that the horn is sounded creates a large area adversely impacted by the horn noise. In urban areas, this area likely includes many nearby residents. The automated-horn system provides a similar audible warning to motorists and pedestrians by using two stationary horns mounted at the crossing. Each horn directs its sound toward the approaching roadway. The horn system is activated using the same track–signal circuitry as the gate arms and bells located at the crossing. Once the horn is activated, a strobe light begins flashing to inform the locomotive engineer that the horn is working. Horn volume data collected near the crossings clearly demonstrate the significant reduction of land area negatively impacted by using the automated horns. Residents overwhelmingly accepted the automated-horn systems and noted a significant improvement in their quality of life. Motorists preferred the automated-horn systems, and locomotive engineers rated these crossings slightly safer compared with the same crossings in the before (train horn) condition.
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24

Zaman, Asim, Xiang Liu, and Zhipeng Zhang. "Video Analytics for Railroad Safety Research: An Artificial Intelligence Approach." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (August 20, 2018): 269–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118792751.

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The volume of video data in the railroad industry has increased significantly in recent years. Surveillance cameras are situated on nearly every part of the railroad system, such as inside the cab, along the track, at grade crossings, and in stations. These camera systems are manually monitored, either live or subsequently reviewed in an archive, which requires an immense amount of human resources. To make the video analysis much less labor-intensive, this paper develops a framework for utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) technologies for the extraction of useful information from these big video datasets. This framework has been implemented based on the video data from one grade crossing in New Jersey. The AI algorithm can automatically detect unsafe trespassing of railroad tracks (called near-miss events in this paper). To date, the AI algorithm has analyzed hours of video data and correctly detected all near-misses. This pilot study indicates the promise of using AI for automated analysis of railroad video big data, thereby supporting data-driven railroad safety research. For practical use, our AI algorithm has been packaged into a computer-aided decision support tool (named AI-Grade) that outputs near-miss video clips based on user-provided raw video data. This paper and its sequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with next-generation big data analysis methods and tools for quickly and reliably processing large volumes of video data in order to better understand human factors in railroad safety research.
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25

Greene, George Jefferson. "Locomotive whistle controlled railroad grade crossing warning system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 113, no. 1 (2003): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1554214.

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26

Baek, Jong-Hyen, Gon-Yop Kim, Yong-Soo Song, Seh-Chan Oh, Yong-Kyu Kim, and Eun-Kyung Chae. "Laser Radar-Based Railroad Crossing Detection Device Developed for Crossing Security Device Integration." Journal of Korea Information and Communications Society 38C, no. 5 (May 31, 2013): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2013.38c.5.471.

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27

Hariyadi, Aad, Moh Syakur Romadhoni, M. Abdullah Anshori, and Amalia Eka Rakhmania. "Implementasi Lampu Peringatan Pada Perlintasan Tanpa Palang Pintu Kereta Api Berbasis Mikrokontroler." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 2, no. 01 (June 30, 2021): 36–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v2i01.188.

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This research aims to make a warning light with a microcontroller base as a control system. With the aim of reducing the use of manual systems in general that are in use today. The advantage of this warning light control system is that it functions to reduce the number of accidents that occur and can be used for railroad crossings where there are still no latches that have not been installed on the railroad railroad crossing (wild road). The display of the work system that is made will be monitored using a web monitoring display that supports and is easy to understand. Even though it has some delay in the process, the planned system has run well based on the average delay value. The experimental results show the average delay measured in the system is 0.31 seconds before sending from the node and 0.49 seconds when there is a change in conditions, while when there is data transmission from the node. The measured packet loss on the system is 0% before transmission and fans and 8.88% when data is transmitted from the node.
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28

Wang, Sheng Hang, Kuang I. Chang, Jyun Long Chen, Mu Yu Tsai, and Bor Nian Chuang. "Applications of Doppler Radar Sensors on Railroad Crossing Safety Alerting System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280 (January 2013): 714–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.714.

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Radar sensors like ultra-wideband Doppler radar sensors may be utilized as a vibration sensing device in a restricted area for railroad monitoring. As long as something or someone enters the restricted area, the alert signals will be sent to the control center or train driver to stop the moving train and prevent accidents. Combining with visual monitor system, the radar sensors may compensate for the insufficient information under poor lighting, fogging, or raining environment. The simulations and experimental results supported its feasibility in a railroad system. The feasibility of further radar application is also discussed.
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29

Sri Winar. "AUTOMATIC TRAIN DOOR PORTAL SYSTEM USING REGULATED STRAIGHT MOTION FORMULAS." MULTICA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (MST) 1, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47002/mst.v1i1.199.

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The train station is an important facility. However, the services provided to train passengers are still not optimal. There are still several weaknesses, including the arrival and departure processes of trains that still rely on telephone communication with other station staff. Notification of train arrival will be sent by telephone by the officer at the previous station to the destination station. On receiving notification of arrival, station staff will close the train portal. This process can have a weakness, and namely, if there is the officers' negligence, it can cause an accident. This is due to the absence of an automatic operating system on the railroad crossing portals. Because the manual system must use human labour or operators to operate and open the railroad crossing portals, so that operator error or failure of manual operation of the portal can increase the likelihood of a train accident occurring at the crossing portal, the above problems can be overcome by implementing an automatic portal closure system. With an automatic portal system, the portal will automatically close if a train passes through the crossing.
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Coleman, Fred, and oung J. Moon. "Design of Gate Delay and Gate Interval Time for Four-Quadrant Gate System at Railroad-Highway Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1553, no. 1 (January 1996): 124–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196155300118.

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A design methodology for gate delay and gate interval time for at-grade crossings using four-quadrant gates is developed. The design approach is based on the concept of dilemma zones related to signal change intervals at signalized intersections. The design approach is validated based on data from six sites in Illinois on a proposed high-speed rail corridor. Gate delay and gate interval times are determined that provide an optimal safe decision point to allow a driver to stop before the crossing or to proceed through the crossing without becoming trapped by the exit gates.
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31

Pasha, Junayed, Maxim A. Dulebenets, Olumide F. Abioye, Masoud Kavoosi, Ren Moses, John Sobanjo, and Eren E. Ozguven. "A Comprehensive Assessment of the Existing Accident and Hazard Prediction Models for the Highway-Rail Grade Crossings in the State of Florida." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 24, 2020): 4291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104291.

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Accidents at highway-rail grade crossings can cause fatalities and injuries, as well as significant property damages. In order to prevent accidents, certain upgrades need to be made at highway-rail grade crossings. However, due to limited monetary resources, only the most hazardous highway-rail grade crossings should receive a priority for upgrading. Hence, accident/hazard prediction models are required to identify the most hazardous highway-rail grade crossings for safety improvement projects. This study selects and evaluates the accident and hazard prediction models found in the highway-rail grade crossing safety literature to rank the highway-rail grade crossings in the State of Florida. Three approaches are undertaken to evaluate the candidate accident and hazard prediction models, including the chi-square statistic, grouping of crossings based on the actual accident data, and Spearman rank correlation coefficient. The analysis was conducted for the 589 highway-rail grade crossings located in the State of Florida using the data available through the highway-rail grade crossing inventory database maintained by the Federal Railroad Administration. As a result of the performed analysis, a new hazard prediction model, named as the Florida Priority Index Formula, is recommended to rank/prioritize the highway-rail grade crossings in the State of Florida. The Florida Priority Index Formula provides a more accurate ranking of highway-rail grade crossings as compared to the alternative methods. The Florida Priority Index Formula assesses the potential hazard of a given highway-rail grade crossing based on the average daily traffic volume, average daily train volume, train speed, existing traffic control devices, accident history, and crossing upgrade records.
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32

Avant, Freddie L. "President's Address 2008: Challenges and Opportunities: Crossing Railroad Tracks." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.23.1.337.

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This President's Address was presented to the Association of Baccalaureate Social Work Program Directors (BPD) 25th Annual Conference in 2008 in Destin, FL. The presentation included a review of the challenges facing the organization, but also a discussion of the rich history and opportunities available for building a stronger organization to better serve its mission.
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33

Kim, Z., and T. E. Cohn. "Pseudoreal-Time Activity Detection for Railroad Grade-Crossing Safety." IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 5, no. 4 (December 2004): 319–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tits.2004.838507.

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34

Kisilowski, Jerzy, and Elżbieta Kowalik-Adamczyk. "Test of quantity characteristic technical condition of railway turnouts." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 12 (December 31, 2018): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.430.

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The assessment of the technical condition of the railroad crossing from the approach to the safety of passengers traveling by train plays a very janitorial role. Bearing in mind how quickly destructive or abrasive materials of which the teams included in the next turnout were made, an attempt was made to determine the list of allowed deviations on railroad switch segments and values occurring at railway turnouts and affecting the dynamics of the rail vehicle passing through the crossroads. Both size groups that characterize the crossover can be used to assess the turnout status and define the forces occurring when crossing the crossover of a rail vehicle. The results of the analysis carried out for the actual data included in the technical train turnout form are also presented. Conclusions from the analysis were also formulated.
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35

Mathew, Jacob, Rahim (Ray) F. Benekohal, and Juan C. Medina. "Nested Sorting and Clustering for Visualization of Accidents in Highway–Rail Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2608, no. 1 (January 2017): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2608-06.

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Safety at railroad grade crossings is a critical issue for highway and rail networks. Relevant databases can be analyzed to find the causes of or factors contributing to crossing accidents so that appropriate counter-measures can be applied. Manually establishing the order of the contributing factors of the accidents and extracting useful information from accident databases are not feasible because of the enormous number of possible permutations of contributing factors. This paper presents a new automated method for sorting and clustering accident attributes to identify and visualize trends in the accident databases. The method is called modified nested sorting and crossing cluster (M+C). The method creates a dynamic tree visualization that highlights attributes resulting in the greatest accident concentration along a tree branch, uncovering the most common nested accident factors. This approach is a significant improvement over static methods that rely on a fixed hierarchy of attributes. With the M+C method, a unique hierarchy of the attributes can be determined for a single crossing or for a set of crossings. This approach is completely data driven and is suitable for corridors and large groups of accidents that are otherwise difficult to analyze. The method is illustrated for single crossings and a corridor with several crossings identified from the FRA online database. Absolute sorting and nested sorting are discussed, and the evolution of M+C is presented. The M+C method is useful for assessing many single grade crossings or crossings that are along a corridor or within a region.
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36

Coleman, Fred, and Young J. Moon. "System Simulation of Dual-Gate At-Grade Railroad-Highway Crossings: Development and Verification." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1605, no. 1 (January 1997): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1605-11.

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A simulation model of a dual-gate railroad-highway grade crossing was developed, validated, and applied to six crossings on the Chicago–St. Louis High Speed Passenger Rail Corridor. Simulation was used to demonstrate the feasibility of modeling the interaction of active safety devices, driver behavior, and vehicular and train traffic, and the dual-gate model served as the basis for development of a four-quadrant gate simulation model. Findings from the dual-gate simulation indicate that aggressive or inattentive drivers in the nonrecovery zone frequently exceed stopping distances and more beyond gate arms, and therefore are likely to proceed at high risk of a collision between their vehicle and a train.
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37

SUZUKI, Daisuke, Hiroharu ENDOH, and Kohei FUJINAMI. "1H4-1 Walking velocity in consideration of railroad crossing warning." Japanese journal of ergonomics 52, Supplement (2016): S308—S309. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.52.s308.

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38

Park, Jun-Tae, Pal-Moon Kang, and Sung-Ho Park. "Analysis of the Characteristic of Railroad(level-crossing) Accident Frequency." Journal of the Korean Society of Safety 29, no. 2 (April 30, 2014): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14346/jkosos.2014.29.2.076.

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39

Andrews, W. H. "Improving the visibility of railroad-high-way grade crossing signals." Journal of Safety Research 19, no. 2 (June 1988): 100–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-4375(88)90052-7.

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40

Linja, Anne, Pasi Lautala, David Nelson, and Elizabeth S. Veinott. "Rail Safety: Examining the Effect of Driving Experience and Type of Crossing on Safety Concerns." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641348.

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Vehicle-train collisions at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings continue to be a safety concern and despite improvements in warnings, many of these incidents are attributed to human error. In some cases, distractions other than railroad traffic, such as nearby highway intersections, may create additional burdens for drivers’ decision making. In this study, we systematically examined safety concerns across two types of Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: non-short storage and short-storage. In a controlled experiment, 48 college-aged drivers viewed a series of driving scene images and identified, rated, and explained up to five safety concerns in each image. Participants reported more safety concerns and higher average severity of those concerns for short-storage rail crossings than non-short storage, but these findings did not depend on rural vs. urban driving experience. Content analysis of the 1,230 safety concerns using chi-squared analysis revealed differences in attention to dynamic safety concerns by rail crossing type, but not to static concerns.
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41

Kampczyk, Arkadiusz. "Measurement of the geometric conditions of the visibility of the level railroad crossing." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2017, no. 8 (August 1, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_17_08_01.

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The article discusses the issues related to the visibility conditions of level railroad crossing - taking into account the author's measurements. The results of the work on the geometric visibility conditions were obtained with the use of the manual adapters used to mount the geodetic prisms on the manual or digital gauges. The measurements also used a magnetic-measuring device with a disc. The technical and operational documentation of a railway / road crossing or passage, called the rail / road crossing / passage meter, requires geodetic and diagnostic work. Obligatory preparation of this documentation leads to improvement of its quality and uniformity throughout the country. The article presents author's observations and conclusions. This work was performed within the statutory audit of AGH US 11.11.150.005.
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42

Khan, Waleed A., and Aemal J. Khattak. "Injury Severity of Truck Drivers in Crashes at Highway-Rail Grade Crossings in the United States." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (June 11, 2018): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118781183.

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The physical and operational characteristics of large trucks distinguish them from other types of vehicles in terms of facility design needs and safety requirements. A critical node in the surface transportation network is the highway-rail grade crossing (HRGC) because it represents a conflict point between different modes of transportation. The focus of this research was to identify factors related to different injury severity levels of truck/truck-trailer drivers in crashes reported at HRGCs. This study utilized a mixed logit model to investigate injury severity of those drivers and relied on 2007–2014 Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) crash and inventory data involving trucks/truck-trailers. Results showed that truck/truck-trailer drivers’ injuries in crashes reported at HRGCs were positively associated with train speed, when train struck the road user (truck/truck-trailer), when the driver “went around crossing gates”, older drivers, crashes reported in rural areas, and crashes at crossings with a minimum crossing angle of 60–90 degrees. Presence of crossbucks, gates, track obstructions, and HRGCs located within 500 feet of a highway were associated with relatively less severe driver injuries. The paper provides recommendations for safety improvements at HRGCs and recommendations for future research.
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43

Grzechca, Damian, Paweł Rybka, and Roman Pawełczyk. "Level Crossing Barrier Machine Faults and Anomaly Detection with the Use of Motor Current Waveform Analysis." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 31, 2021): 3206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113206.

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Barrier machines are a key component of automatic level crossing systems ensuring safety on railroad crossings. Their failure results not only in delayed railway transportation, but also puts human life at risk. To prevent faults in this critical safety element of automatic level crossing systems, it is recommended that fault and anomaly detection algorithms be implemented. Both algorithms are important in terms of safety (information on whether a barrier boom has been lifted/lowered as required) and predictive maintenance (information about the condition of the mechanical components). Here, the authors propose fault models for barrier machine fault and anomaly detection procedures based on current waveform observation. Several algorithms were applied and then assessed such as self-organising maps (SOM), autoencoder artificial neural network, local outlier factor (LOF) and isolation forest. The advantage of the proposed solution is there is no change of hardware, which is already homologated, and the use of the existing sensors (in a current measurement module). The methods under evaluation demonstrated acceptable rates of detection accuracy of the simulated faults, thereby enabling a practical application at the test stage.
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44

Song, Hyeon-Sam, Young-Dal Kim, Dae-Dong Lee, and Jae-Myung Shim. "Improvement of Obstruction Detecting Method at Railroad Crossing by Image Analyze." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 60, no. 7 (July 1, 2011): 1444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2011.60.7.1444.

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45

Armstrong, James, and Leonor Barroca. "Specification and verification of reactive system behaviour: The Railroad Crossing example." Real-Time Systems 10, no. 2 (March 1996): 143–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00360339.

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46

MATSUMOTO, Takehiko, Yuki ASHITAKA, and Asuki NAKAMURA. "Behavior and feature of elderly drivers trapped in a railroad crossing." Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 57, Supplement (May 22, 2021): 2E3–2–2E3–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.57.2e3-2.

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47

Zaman, Asim, Baozhang Ren, and Xiang Liu. "Artificial Intelligence-Aided Automated Detection of Railroad Trespassing." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 7 (May 9, 2019): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119846468.

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Trespassing is the leading cause of rail-related deaths and has been on the rise for the past 10 years. Detection of unsafe trespassing of railroad tracks is critical for understanding and preventing fatalities. Witnessing these events has become possible with the widespread deployment of large volumes of surveillance video data in the railroad industry. This potential source of information requires immense labor to monitor in real time. To address this challenge this paper describes an artificial intelligence (AI) framework for the automatic detection of trespassing events in real time. This framework was implemented on three railroad video live streams, a grade crossing and two right-of-ways, in the United States. The AI algorithm automatically detects trespassing events, differentiates between the type of violator (car, motorcycle, truck, pedestrian, etc.) and sends an alert text message to a designated destination with important information including a video clip of the trespassing event. In this study, the AI has analyzed hours of live footage with no false positives or missed detections yet. This paper and its subsequent studies aim to provide the railroad industry with state-of-the-art AI tools to harness the untapped potential of an existing closed-circuit television infrastructure through the real-time analysis of their data feeds. The data generated from these studies will potentially help researchers understand human factors in railroad safety research and give them a real-time edge on tackling the critical challenges of trespassing in the railroad industry.
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48

Kukulski, Bartłomiej, and Tadeusz Wszołek. "The Research on Impulsive Events in Railway Noise Generated During Passage Through a Railroad Switch." Archives of Acoustics 42, no. 3 (September 26, 2017): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aoa-2017-0046.

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Abstract This paper presents the result of research on the impulsive components of a railway noise generated during passage through a railroad switch compared with a typical rail noise and evaluation of this phenomenon with particular emphasis on impulsive sounds. The study includes the analysis of the source of impulsive components in the railway noise, the methodology of measurement and data analysis. Spectral analysis of typical fragments passing through a railroad switch is given together with a proposal of additional indicators to assess the noise. Authors propose three descriptors of the impulsive noise such as spectral centroid, kurtosis and impulsiveness, and show that these descriptors can be useful in assessment of the impulsive noise generated during trains’ crossing.
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49

Day, Kevin R., and Christopher P. L. Barkan. "Model for Evaluating Cost-Effectiveness of Retrofitting Railway Bridges for Seismic Resistance." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1845, no. 1 (January 2003): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1845-22.

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Many of the major railroad lines in the Mid-America earthquake region are potentially susceptible to high peak ground accelerations (PGA) and soil liquefaction effects due to an earthquake associated with the New Madrid fault. With geographic information systems (GIS) data and analysis techniques, the risk to the rail network posed by a major earthquake in the region was estimated. It was estimated that about 2,107 active rail route miles and 2,082 railroad bridges, including eight major river-crossing bridges over the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, are in areas with a 2% probability of experiencing PGA values with potential to cause moderate to severe damage (>20% g) in the next 50 years. Because of the importance of this portion of the rail network and the bridges in the region, a model to calculate the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting railway bridges for enhanced seismic resistance was developed. Analysis using the model indicates that retrofitting small to moderately sized bridges is not generally cost-effective in the Mid-America region. However, a sensitivity analysis indicated that for large river-crossing bridges there may be plausible conditions when retrofitting would be cost-effective.
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SUZUKI, Daisuke, Hiroharu ENDOH, Naohiro AKIU, Shota ENAMI, and Naoki MIZUKAMI. "H8-2 Walking Velocity in Consideration of Railroad Crossing Warning and Congestion." Japanese journal of ergonomics 53, Supplement1 (2017): S302—S303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.53.s302.

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