Relevant bibliographies by topics / Railroad crossings

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Railroad crossings'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Railroad crossings"

1

Fischhaber, Pamela M., and Bruce N. Janson. "Preliminary Analysis of Light Rail Crashes in Denver, Colorado." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2275, no. 1 (2012): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2275-02.

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This paper presents a preliminary analysis of light rail crashes at at-grade crossings in Denver, Colorado, based on Regional Transportation District data for 1999 through 2009. Differences in design and operation of at-grade crossings are discussed for light rail versus common carrier railroad (railroad). The differences appear to warrant the development of separate crash prediction and hazard index models because models developed for railroad at-grade crossing operations may not accurately predict the number and severity of crashes at light rail at-grade crossings. In addition, the models developed for railroads do not predict crashes at crossings for some traffic control device types such as traffic signals. The lack of information for crossings controlled by traffic signals in the railroad crash prediction equations is one reason why equations specific to light rail may need to be developed. This study identifies patterns in light rail crossing crash data that warrant further investigation and support the development of crash prediction models and hazard index equations specific to light rail at-grade crossing configurations and operations.
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Churniawan, Erifendi, Titiek Masdini Agustriana, and Sapto Priyanto. "Railroad Crossings Seen from Indonesia's Positive Law." Journal of World Science 1, no. 11 (2022): 1031–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.58344/jws.v1i11.110.

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Introduction: Rail transportation is part of land transportation in Indonesia. The extended rail network has level crossings, namely the crossing of railroads and highways. Judging from the existing laws in Indonesia, the law mentions avoiding accidents at level crossings. Several factors influence law enforcement at railroad crossings, including legal, law enforcement, facilities, community, and cultural factors. There needs to be legal awareness from the side of law violators themselves, law enforcement officers themselves, and the government side. It is also necessary to increase cooperation between networks of law enforcement officers in crossing railroad crossings. Method: The research method used in this study is comparative descriptive. Result: The public is stated to have not understood the regulations that discuss railroad crossings listed in Law Number 23 of 2007, which discusses railways. In Law Number 22 of 2009, which discusses Traffic and Road Transportation, it is stated that Government Regulation 56 of 2009 discusses the Implementation of Railways and Government Regulation Number 72 of 2009 concerning Railway Traffic and Transportation. Conclusion: The law of crossing a railroad plot according to positive law in Indonesia has a position as a reference for travelling a railroad plot as has been written based on: Article 124 of Law Number 23 of 2007, Article 78 of Government Regulation Number 56 of 2009, Article 110 paragraph (1) Government Regulation Number 72 of 2009 & Article 114 of Law Number 22 of 2009.
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Pujindasiwi, Nurmeindah, Arinda Leliana, and Muhardono. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERILAKU MASYARAKAT TERHADAP EARLY WARNING SYSTEM SAAT MELINTAS DI PERLINTASAN SEBIDANG TANPA PALANG PINTU." Jurnal Teknik Sipil dan Arsitektur 28, no. 2 (2023): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.36728/jtsa.v28i2.2593.

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Improving safety at railroad level crossings is continually conducted to reduce accidents rate at railroad level crossings, especially unguarded official railroad level crossings where accidents often occur. Railroad level crossings are prone to accidents and it mainly caused by accidents that occur at level crossings. Accidents at level crossing are caused by several factors such as human error, crossing guards who are late to lower the barrier, and inferior public awareness to comply with signs at level crossings. This research is located at the railroad level crossing KM 31+988 in Taman District, Sidoarjo. The analysis result shows that the influence factors of people violating the train early warning system are the frequency of random crossings in a day which affects the committing violations with a probability value of 60.72%, and the waiting time before a train passes which takes too long promote committing violations with a probability value of 32 .7%.
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Putra Iswanto, Ary, Mariana Diah Puspitasari, Nanda Ahda Imron, and Ayunda Via Dwi Mayangsari. "Analisis Peningkatan Keselamatan Pada Perlintasan Sebidang Kereta Api Tanggulangin-Porong (Studi Kasus : JPL 75 KM 31+368)." Jurnal Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan (Indonesian Journal of Road Safety) 9, no. 2 (2022): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.46447/ktj.v9i2.433.

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The railroad crossing is the intersection of a road with a railroad track. Accidents are the biggest problem at railroad crossings. Factors that cause accidents at railroad crossings, namely breaking through crossing gates, besides that the lack of safety facilities is one of the causes of accidents. To avoid this, it is necessary to review the improvement of safety at railroad crossings. This research on the JPL 75 KM 31+368 railroad crossing uses an analysis of calculating the average daily traffic volume multiplied by the volume of trains that pass, which is 85,407.5 smpk. These results already exceed the technical standard of railroad crossings, namely the volume daily traffic (LHR) is multiplied by the number of train trips that pass per day which is between 12,500-35,000 smpk, then the crossing does not need to be changed to a non-level crossing. Efforts to improve safety that need to be carried out by JPL 75 KM 31 + 368 from the direction of Kalitengah are in the form of safety signs in accordance with the guidelines of the technical standards of safety for a railroad crossing.
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Rosyidi, M., Sahid Bismantoko, Asep Haryono, et al. "Predictive Maintenance with PCA Approach for Multi Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) in The Framework of Prognostic and Health Management (PHM) Planning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2322, no. 1 (2022): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2322/1/012090.

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Abstract The existence of level crossings between railroads and road vehicles that do not have gates in areas far from crowds, such conditions require gates that are made automatically to avoid accidents. The Automated Railroad Crossing System (ARCS) is an automatically activated railroad crossing gate where train arrival information is obtained through sensors. For one level crossing, there are several electronic devices installed in the automatic railroad crossing system. It is planned that the automatic railroad crossing system will be installed at several level crossings. The problem is how to estimate the time to perform automatic railroad crossing maintenance at several different locations, For this reason, it is necessary to know the estimated remaining useful life (Remaining Useful Life) of the subsystems. The purpose of this research is to find the estimated remaining useful time (RUL) of the subsystem in the automatic railroad crossing system in order to estimate the time to perform maintenance. The process that is carried out to obtain the remaining useful time is through the Prognostic Health Management System development plan, while the analysis of the estimated remaining useful time is carried out using Principle Component Analysis (PCA), the results of this simulation show promising results to determine the estimated value of the remaining useful time. If it can be known the estimated remaining time of the benefit, it is hoped that the maintenance plan for each automatic railroad crossing system can be carried out more efficiently.
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Widodo, Ari, and Wahyu Sapto Aji. "Palang Pintu Kereta Api Pneumatik Otomatis Berbasis PLC Omron CP1E-NA20DR-A." Buletin Ilmiah Sarjana Teknik Elektro 1, no. 2 (2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/biste.v1i2.1011.

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One alternative in reducing accidents at railroad crossings without guards is automatic pneumatic railroad crossings. This tool uses PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) as a processing system. Automatic crossing railroad crossing works by using two proximity sensors that are placed on the right and left crossings with a distance far from the crossing (approximately 1 KM). The system outputs are pneumatically actuated sirens, lights and door lintels. At most this door will move up and down closing and opening the crossing. The use of pneumatics in manufacturing because pneumatics saves more space around the crossing and is safe. In testing, detection is done in 2 opposite directions. The results show the tool has been working to close and open crossings with good performance.Salah satu alternatif dalam mengurangi kecelakaan di pintu perlintasan kereta api tanpa penjaga adalah palang pintu kereta api pneumatik otomatis. Alat ini menggunakan PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) sebagai sistem pemroses. Palang pintu perlintasan kereta api otomatis bekerja dengan menggunakan dua buah sensor proximity yang di letakkan pada kanan dan kiri perlintasan dengan jarak yang jauh dari perlintasan (kurang lebih 1 KM). Keluaran sistem berupa aktifnya sirene, lampu, dan palang pintu yang digerakkan dengan pneumatik. Paling pintu ini akan bergerak naik dan turun menutup dan membuka perlintasan. Penggunaan pneumatik dalam pembuatan karena pneumatik lebih menghemat ruang sekitar perlintasan dan aman. Dalam pengujiannya, pendeteksian dilakukan dengan 2 arah yang berlawanan. Hasil menunjukkan alat telah bekerja menutup dan membuka perlintasan dengan kinerja yang baik.
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Fedukhin, O. V., S. D. Lutov, А. А. Mukha, N. V. Cespedes Garcia, and O. V. Gedz. "«Blagovist» Information Warning System for Railroad Crossings." Science and innovation 13, no. 2 (2017): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/scine13.02.027.

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Noyce, David A., and Daniel B. Fambro. "Enhanced Traffic Control Devices at Passive Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1648, no. 1 (1998): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1648-03.

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More than 2,000 crashes and 239 fatalities were reported at public passive highway-railroad grade crossings in 1994. Driver error, often due to a breakdown in communication between traffic control devices and the driver, is commonly cited as a factor in passive grade crossing crashes. The objective of this study was to evaluate an improved method for communicating with drivers in an effort to improve safety at passive grade crossings. Specifically, this study evaluated the effectiveness of a vehicle-activated strobe light and supplemental sign as enhancements to the railroad advance (W10-1) warning sign at a passive highway-railroad grade crossing near Temple, Texas. Three study methods were used to evaluate this enhanced sign system including a before and after speed study, a driver survey, and a driver observation study. The results indicated that average speeds on the approaches to the grade crossing were lower after the installation of the enhanced sign system. Drivers responded favorably to the enhanced sign system, and no adverse driver reactions were observed at the onset of the flashing strobe light. The strobe light was effective in directing drivers’ attention to the railroad advance warning and supplemental signs. The enhanced sign system appears to increase driver awareness of the passive grade crossing, cause some drivers to approach the grade crossing with additional caution, and reduce the average speed near the nonrecovery zone on both approaches.
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Cyr, Justin D., John W. Shaw, and Peter T. Savolainen. "Motor Vehicle Crashes Involving Railroad Crossing Signal Masts and Guardrails." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 12 (2019): 191–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119857952.

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The installation of “active” warning devices, such as crossing signals and gates, is a principal element of state and federal railroad crossing safety programs, and their effectiveness in preventing vehicle–train collision is well documented. While most active crossings are occupied by trains only a few minutes each day, non-crashworthy items are frequently present at active crossings including crossing signal masts, crossing gate mechanisms, cantilever supports, and signal controller bungalows. Various agencies utilize longitudinal guardrail systems to protect errant motorists from striking non-frangible crossing signal hardware. This study sought to determine whether such guardrails influence the prevalence and severity of motor vehicle strikes involving crossing hardware. A review of 10 years of police crash-report narratives in Iowa, United States (U.S.) indicates an average of 15.6 crashes per year at 1,853 crossings involving signal masts, signal guardrails, or related infrastructure. Over this period, one fatality and five serious injuries occurred as a result of these crashes. The crash-injury severity distributions appeared similar in crashes with and without guardrail, and regression models showed that guardrail presence did not affect the rate of crashes involving railroad apparatus. Although the use of longitudinal guardrail systems did not appear to have a strong effect on crash rates or severity at active grade crossings, other methods for reducing crash prevalence and severity could be explored in future research, such as the development of crashworthy signal assemblies for flashing-signal-only crossings and the redesign of gate and cantilever supports to increase separation from the traveled way.
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Kovalchuk, Vitalii, and Yulia Lesiv. "Devising a method for improving pedestrian traffic safety when crossing railroad tracks by implementing an information system with a fixed warning time." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 3 (128) (2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.300168.

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The object of research is pedestrian safety when crossing railroad tracks at pedestrian crossings. A method for improving the safety of pedestrian traffic when crossing railroad tracks within the area approaching the railroad pedestrian crossing has been developed, by introducing an information system for warning pedestrians about train movement with a fixed warning time. Experimental measurements of the speed of the rolling stock were carried out in the area approaching the pedestrian crossing over the railroad track. With the mixed movement of trains, it was found that the lowest speed of the train was 67.46 km/h, and the highest was the passenger train – 131.9 km/h. At the same time, the speed of freight trains ranged from 74 to 79 km/h. Such data are needed to determine the speed of the rolling stock on the approach to the crossing or transition, which will allow the light and sound signal to be turned on in time when the movement of a pedestrian across the track will be dangerous. The methodology for calculating the length of the approach section to the pedestrian crossing, depending on the speed of the rolling stock, has been given. It was established that the speed of the rolling stock has a significant effect on the length of the approach section. At the lowest measured speed of the train – 67.46 km/h, the length of the approach section was 317.46 m, and when the passenger train was moving at a speed of 131.9 km/h – 620.68 m. For a single-track section of the railroad, a fixed time has been established for warning pedestrians about the approach of a train to the crossing. It is a constant value that is included in the warning information system on a single-track section, and after it, a complex light and sound alarm with an information board is activated, which will warn the pedestrian about the movement of the train. The method for improving the safety of pedestrian traffic with a fixed time of the pedestrian’s anticipation of the train movement could be used at crossings with pedestrian traffic, as a supplement to the crossing signaling subsystem in railroad transport. It can also be used at equipped pedestrian crossings over railroad tracks in urbanized areas. The advantage of introducing such a method is a fixed time to warn the pedestrian, in each specific case of the train approaching the crossing
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Railroad crossings"

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Zhang, Li. "Optimizing Traffic Network Signals Around Railroad Crossings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27750.

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The dissertation proposed an approach, named â Signal Optimization Under Rail Crossing sAfety cOnstraintsâ (SOURCAO), to the traffic signal control near a highway rail grade crossing (HRGC). SOURCAO targets two objectives: HRGC safety improvement (a high priority national transportation goal) and highway traffic delay reduction (a common desire for virtually all of us). Communication and data availability from ITS and the next generation train control are assumed available in SOURCAO. The first step in SOURCAO is to intelligently choose a proper preemption phase sequence to promote HRGC safety. An inference engine is designed in place of traditional traffic signal preemption calls to prevent the queue from backing onto HRGC. The potential hazard is dynamically examined as to whether any queuing vehicle stalls on railroad tracks. The inference engine chooses the appropriate phase sequence to eliminate the hazardous situation. The second step in SOURCAO is to find the optimized phase length. The optimization process uses the network traffic delay (close to the control delay) at the intersections within HRGC vicinities as an objective function. The delay function is approximated and represented by multilayer perceptron neural network (off-line). After the function was trained and obtained, an optimization algorithm named Successive Quadratic Programming (SQP) searches the length of phases (on-line) by minimizing the delay function. The inference engine and proposed delay model in optimization take the on-line surveillance detector data and HRGC closure information as input. By integrating artificial intelligence and optimization technologies, the independent simulation evaluation of SOURCAO by TSIS/CORSIM demonstrated that the objectives are reached. The average network delay for 20 runs of simulation evaluation is reduced over eight percent by a t-test while the safety of HRGC is promoted. The sensitivity tests demonstrate that SOURCAO works efficiently under light and heavy traffic conditions, as well as a wide range of HRGC closure times.<br>Ph. D.
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Tydlacka, Jonathan Michael. "A microsimulation analysis of highway intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1040.

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The purpose of this thesis was to perform microsimulation analyses on intersections near Highway-Railroad Grade Crossings (HRGCs) to determine if controlling mean train speed and train speed variability would improve safety and reduce delays. This research focused on three specific areas. First, average vehicle delay was examined, and this delay was compared for seven specific train speed distributions, including existing conditions. Furthermore, each distribution was associated with train detectors that were placed at the distance the fastest train could travel during the given warning time. Second, pedestrian cutoffs were investigated. These cutoffs represented an occasion when the pedestrian phases were truncated or shortened due to railroad signal preemption. Finally, vehicle emissions were analyzed using a modal emissions model. A microscopic simulation model of the Wellborn Corridor in College Station, Texas was created using VISSIM. The model was run twenty times in each train speed distribution for each of three train lengths. Average vehicle delay was collected for three intersections, and delays were compared using the Pooled t-test with a 95% confidence interval. Comparisons were made between the distributions, and generally, distributions with higher mean train speeds were associated with lower average delay, and train length was not a significant factor. Unfortunately, pedestrian cutoffs were not specifically controlled in this project; therefore, no statistical conclusions can be made with respect to the pedestrian cutoff problem. However, example cases were devised to demonstrate how these cutoffs could be avoided. In addition, vehicle emissions were examined using the vehicle data from VISSIM as inputs for CMEM (Comprehensive Modal Emissions Model). For individual vehicles, as power (defined as the product of velocity and acceleration) increased, emissions increased. When comparing emissions from different train speed distributions, few significant differences were found. However, a scenario with no train was tested, and it was shown to have significantly higher emissions than three of the distributions with trains. Ultimately, this thesis shows that average vehicle delay and vehicle emissions could be lowered by specific train speed distributions. Also, work could be done to investigate the pedestrian cutoff problem.
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Cho, Hanseon. "Preemption strategy for traffic signals at intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/406.

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Because the operational characteristics of signalized intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings (IHRGCs) are different from those of signalized intersections located elsewhere in the traffic system, standard operational strategies do not apply. This is because safe operation at IHRGCs takes precedence over all other objectives. Because the prime objective of the current preemption methods is to clear the crossing, secondary objectives such as safe pedestrian crossing time and minimized delay are given less consideration or ignored completely. Consequently, state-of-the-practice strategies may cause serious pedestrian safety and efficiency problems at IHRGCs. Therefore, there is a definite need for research on how to improve traffic signal preemption strategies. An important element of preemption strategy is detection of trains and prediction of arrival times. However, because of the limitations of current detection technologies, estimation algorithms, etc., there is a wide range in these warning times. In this dissertation, a new train-arrival prediction algorithm was developed using detection equipment located farther upstream from the HRGC. The state-of-the-art transition preemption strategy (TPS) was developed to ensure that as preemption is initiated by approaching trains, the signal display does not change in a manner that endangers either pedestrians or drivers. However, because it does not account for the variability of predicted train arrival times, there is still a possibility of failure. Therefore, a new transition preemption algorithm that is specifically designed to improve intersection performance while maintaining or improving the current level of safety is developed. This dissertation developed a preemption strategy (TPS3) that uses better train arrival time estimates to improve the safety and efficiency of IHRGCs. The approach was simulated on a test bed in College Station, Texas, and it was concluded that the new TPS improves the safety and operation of intersections near highway-railroad grade crossings.
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Ho, Tzung-hsien Joey. "Crossing the city : transformation of Peak Tram Station /cHo Tzung Hsien Joey." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25956255.

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Ho, Tzung-hsien Joey, and 何宗憲. "Crossing the city: transformation of Peak Tram Station /cHo Tzung Hsien Joey." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983327.

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Osburn, Andrew Wesley. "Understanding Weed Species Diversity in Railroad Crossing Rights-of-way." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1574641066802878.

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Hammada, Ahmmed A. "SuperLoad Crossing of Millard Avenue Bridges Over Duck Creek and CSX Railroad." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1353103016.

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Rusu, Marius Florin. "Automation of railway switch and crossing inspection." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7348/.

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In recent years there has been an increase in railway usage which led to reduced time for rail maintenance. Railway switches and crossings (S&C) are an important asset and they typically account for 30% of the total budget spent on maintenance. The first part of this work researches the feasibility of automatically inspecting S&Cs in accordance with Network Rail inspection requirements and the likely necessary advancements. Current S&C inspection requirements, as well as current and developing inspection solutions, were analysed and categorised. This revealed the required technological advances and likely changes that the railway will have to adopt. The second part of the work researches the weakness of conventional S&C profile inspection practices used in industry. The work identified the main reasons that can lead to poor traditional inspection of the S&C profile, developed a novel, automatic method to carry out the profile measurements which eliminated human error and identified possible improvements in the area of S&C profile inspection. During this research, an inspection trolley was prototyped, field trials were carried out, and good results were obtained.
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Glogar, Matěj. "Analýza možností odvracení střetu osobního a drážního vozidla na železničním přejezdu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232660.

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Presented diploma thesis deals with problems connected with accidents at railroad crossings from the road and railway drivers´ perspectives. The theoretical part is particularly focused on the explanation of chosen regulations associated with railroad crossings, with their construction and technical design and also with ways and options of marking in connection with railroad crossing safety system. The paper mentions the most frequent causes why dangerous situations occur. These causes arise from the railway and road drivers´ personal experience, supplemented by statistics of accidents at railroad crossings for the previous periods. The practical part analyses the options for averting a collision on two particular railroad crossings. For this purpose, the railroad crossing secured by lights and the railroad crossing secured only by a warning cross were chosen. Here, with Virtual Crash programme support, the origin of the chosen crisis situations is simulated and later options of their averting are evaluated. Finally, proposals for increasing railroad crossings safety are formulated for both cases. The appendix consists of a list of legislative regulations dealing with railroad crossings, a driving record of the rail vehicle and its technical parameters and simulation programme´s outputs.
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Chlup, Daniel. "Analýza kritických míst křížení silniční a železniční dopravy v Jihomoravském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318111.

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Point of this diploma thesis is analyzing of three railroad crossing controlled by institutions of South-Moravian region, which are chosen by author. For analysis were chosen problematic railroad crossing where happened in last five years traffic accidents with consequences of death. Next criterion of choosing was type of security device. Chosen railroads crossing are representing all types of normally used security devices. That is why was chose railroad crossing with only warning crosses, light security device and last one with light security device with barrier beam. Theoretical part aims on: Basic parameters, dividing, numbering, system of function and marking of railroad crossing. In practical part, there are used mathematical calculations for assessment of safety on chosen railroad crossing and for determination of possibilities of averting a collision of both participants. Corrective measures are made for each railroad crossing taking to account it’s financial conditions. For each railroad crossing is made polygon with help of program Virtual Crash 3.
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Books on the topic "Railroad crossings"

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(Canada), Transportation Development Centre, ed. Overview of the highway-railway grade crossing research program. Transportation Development Centre, Transport Canada, 2001.

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Virginia. Dept. of Transportation. A study of railroad grade crossings (SRJ 321). Commonwealth of Virginia, 1994.

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(Canada), Transportation Development Centre, and Canada Transport Canada, eds. Impact of heavy vehicles on crossing safety: Development of an adapted design tool. --. Transportation Development Centre, 2004.

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Morgan, James R. Development of a stable foundation for highway-railroad grade crossings. The Institute, 1987.

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American Bar Association. Tort and Insurance Practice Section., ed. Issues in railway law: Limiting carrier liability and litigating the railroad crossing case. Tort and Insurance Practice Section, American Bar Association, 1990.

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Virginia. Dept. of Transportation. Report of the Virginia Department of Transportation on railroad grade crossings to the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Commonwealth of Virginia, 1991.

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Intruder and Obstacle Detection Systems (IODS) for Railroads Requirements Workshop (1998 Cambridge, Mass.). Intruder and obstacle detection systems (IODS) for railroads: 1998 requirements workshop. U. S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Railroad Administration, Office of Research and Development, 2001.

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National Conference on Highway-Rail Safety (9th 1985 Kansas City, Mo.). Proceedings: 1985 National Conference on Highway-Rail Safety, Kansas City, Missouri, July 16-18, 1985. TransCom, 1985.

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Board, United States National Transportation Safety. Highway/rail grade crossing collision near Sycamore, South Carolina, May 2, 1995. National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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United States. National Transportation Safety Board. Highway/rail grade crossing collision near Sycamore, South Carolina, May 2, 1995. National Transportation Safety Board, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Railroad crossings"

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Savage, Ian. "Highway Grade Crossings." In The Economics of Railroad Safety. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5571-1_8.

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Landry, Steven, Yuguang Wang, Pasi Lautala, David Nelson, and Myounghoon Jeon. "Driver Behavior at Simulated Railroad Crossings." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91397-1_49.

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Puruhita, Hana Wardani, Irfan Maskur, and Septiana Widi Astuti. "Evaluation of Calculating Railroad Components on Maintenance Patterns at Level Crossings Using Concrete Level Crossings." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Railway and Transportation 2023 (ICORT 2023). Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-384-9_20.

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Dierks, Henning, and Cheryl Dietz. "Graphical specification and reasoning: Case study generalised railroad crossing." In FME '97: Industrial Applications and Strengthened Foundations of Formal Methods. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-63533-5_2.

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Lai, Luming, and Phil Watson. "A case study in timed CSP: The railroad crossing problem." In Hybrid and Real-Time Systems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0014714.

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Weng, Yi-Shun, Yi-Sheng Huang, and Bo-Yang Chen. "Emerging Scenarios Avoidance Policy for Railroad Level Crossing Traffic Control Systems." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04573-3_124.

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Urbina, Luis. "The Generalized Railroad Crossing: Its symbolic analysis in CLP ( $$\mathcal{R}$$ )." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61551-2_118.

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Gosnell, Michael, and Bruce McMillin. "A One-Dimensional Sparse Space-Time Specification of the Generalized Railroad Crossing." In Critical Infrastructure Protection VI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35764-0_14.

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Gurevich, Yuri, and James K. Huggins. "The railroad crossing problem: An experiment with instantaneous actions and immediate reactions." In Computer Science Logic. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-61377-3_43.

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Akhwan, Akhwan, Sunardi Sunardi, Edi Nyoto Setyo Marsusiadi, Dedik Tri Istiantara, and Erna Utami. "Automatic Transfer Switching System Base Arduino Nano for Solar Photovoltaic on Railroad Crossing." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Railway and Transportation 2023 (ICORT 2023). Atlantis Press International BV, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-384-9_44.

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Conference papers on the topic "Railroad crossings"

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Shehada, Mohammad, Akshit Ahuja, and Steven D. Schrock. "Advancing Pedestrian Safety and Case Study of Pedestrian Psychology at Railroad Grade Crossing." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5780.

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Contrary to the declining railroad-highway crossing crashes over the past decade, the pedestrian-railroad interface has remained relatively unchanged. While engineering solutions and law enforcement have been tried, little is known about their effectiveness on the pedestrian mindset and psychology. One of the main reason for crashes of this type is that pedestrians tend to be restless while waiting at railroad crossings. This can lead to pedestrians performing irrational acts such as attempting to walk across a crossing before a train arrives. Earlier, trains traveled at slower speeds which pedestrians could react to easily and trains had less freight so it needed less braking distance and thus it was easier to control them. There are many factors with the potential to improve pedestrian safety at railroad crossings. In this paper the current safety norms for railroad crossings existing across in more than 40 major cities in US were analyzed to determine the existing safety standards for pedestrians at railroad grade crossings. State departments of transportation (DOTs) were contacted, along with professionals in public and private sector involved in safety at railroad crossing and ask them what according to them is a high risk railroad grade crossings in their area, safety practices that are common in their area, various threats to Safety implementation and then analyze these crossing for the types, safety signs and equipment present at them.
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Kadiyala, Sampath, Phani Gubbala, and Steven D. Schrock. "Human Behavior at Railroad Grade Crossings." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5786.

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A comprehensive study is needed to address the human behavior at railroad grade crossings. Human behavior at different signs changes and it may lead to crashes. No guidance is provided in the recommendations provided by Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices where and when different type of signs and different combination of signs are appropriate. Crashes occur mostly when the drivers try to go through the gate or around the gate when a train is approaching. Drivers come to a complete stop at stop signs and then proceed only if a train is not coming, this may lead to a crash when they cannot accelerate in time to cross the tracks. Yield sign may have better results in this case. Cross-buck signs are same as the yield sign where drivers should slow down, look for the train and then proceed. However, people may tend to proceed without yielding as it is not as common of a sign. Hence we can say driver behavior at specific sign is important for the recommendation or the guideline to install a sign. Adopting a common sign at all grade crossings could provide enhanced consistency and reduce crashes. A literature review was done on human behavior at grade crossings and the crash rate at different types of signs. Driver behavior at the time of the crash for 15 states was studied from the Federal Railroad Administration data by reviewing detailed reasons for every crash. Driver behavior at different types of signs at the time of each crash was studied from the reviewed data and the literature review. Driver behavior at different signs was summarized.
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Moore, Adam, Paul Zebell, Peter Koonce, and Jon Meusch. "A Method to Verify Railroad Interconnect With Highway Traffic Signal Systems." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5774.

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In response to increasing concern about railroad grade crossing safety, the Federal Railroad Administration and Department of Transportation issued Safety Advisory 2010-02 recommending in part “...that railroads conduct comprehensive joint inspections of highway traffic signal pre-emption interconnection with State and local highway authorities...” 2010-02 also recommends recording devices at interconnected highway-rail grade crossings. This paper addresses a method to facilitate these goals by enabling the highway authority to independently verify that rail equipment is functioning properly, and just as importantly, enabling the railroad to independently verify that the highway traffic signal equipment is providing adequate clearance time in advance of the arrival of the train in the crossing. The method involves adding two circuits between the rail equipment and the traffic signal equipment: a crossing island circuit, and a start of the traffic clearance phase indicator from the traffic signal to the rail equipment. This system has been implemented at two intersections in Portland, Oregon, with plans for further implementation.
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Williams, Trefor, James Abello, John Betak, and David Desimone. "Using Data Visualization to Analyze Grade Crossing Accidents." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5695.

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The Federal Railroad Administration grade crossing accident database contains numerous interrelated variables. Understanding of how the variables are interrelated can be enhanced using modern visualization techniques. These techniques can allow managers from railroads and government agencies to find complex variables relationships not usually provided by routine statistical analyses. For this research we have developed several dashboards of linked visualizations using the Weave data visualization software [5]. Our visualizations explore various accident types of concern to the railroad industry including trespassing and pedestrian accidents, passenger train accidents, actions of highway users involved in accidents, and the effect of different types of warning devices on grade crossing accidents. In addition, we are currently developing an advanced visualization system that views the accident data as time varying events occurring over a fixed grade crossings topology. This view allows the application of a recent network data abstraction termed “Graph Cards.” We present initial examples of the advanced system that provides a variety of filtering mechanisms to view statistical distributions and their time varying behavior over the grade crossings topology.
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Minoli, Daniel, and Benedict Occhiogrosso. "Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Apparatus and Method for Rail Crossing Alerting of Static or Dynamic Rail Track Intrusions." In 2017 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2017-2304.

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This paper deals with Physical Safety and Security at rail crossings. There are about 150,000 public railroad grade crossings in the U.S. Unfortunately, approximately 2,000 accidents occur every year in the U.S., resulting not only in many injuries, but also in over 200 deaths annually. The predicament is that for various reasons, people, cars, and trucks find themselves on the rail tracks of an oncoming train at a railroad crossing. The system discussed in this paper provides a relatively inexpensive Internet of Things (IoT)-based capability that can be used to alert a rail operator that there is an obstruction on the tracks, and/or possibly to interwork with (but not replace) a Positive Train Control (PTC) system thus attempting to automatically stop an incoming train. In fact, IoT is now being deployed in railroads for a variety of applications. A brief description of cybersecurity issues related to IoT deployment is also included.
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Rose, Jerry G. "Rehabilitation Techniques to Improve Long-Term Performances of Highway-Railway At-Grade Crossings." In 2011 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2011-56015.

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The primary purpose of the highway-railway at-grade crossing is to provide a smooth surface for the safe passage of rubber-tired vehicles across the railroad. The crossing support and surface in the jointly used area represent a significantly expensive unit cost of the highway and railway line. The ideal highway crossing will maintain a smooth surface and stable trackbed for a long period of time. This will reduce costly, frequent disruptions to highway and railway traffic (to adjust the track or renew the surface due to rideability concerns), while concurrently providing improved operating performance and long life. Technology is available for rapidly renewing highway crossings within one day using a panel system with specifically designed layered support and premium materials. The procedure involves complete removal of the old crossing panel and trackbed materials — and replacing them with an asphalt underlayment layer, a pre-compacted ballast layer, a new track panel, and a new crossing surface. A cooperative effort between the local highway agency and the railway company will reduce costs, improve the quality of the finished product, and reduce outage of the highway and railroad. A major objective is to minimize disruption to both highway and railway traffic during the renewal process in addition to extending the life of the crossing. Suggested procedures, based on experiences for several installations, are presented. Typical schedules are for the railroad to be to be out-of-service for a maximum of four hours and for the highway to be closed only eight to twelve hours. Results are presented for crossings instrumented with pressure cells to document Pressure levels within the layered portion of the crossing structure. In addition, long-term Settlement measurements and assessments for several crossings are documented. The measurements indicate significantly reduced long-term settlements of crossings incorporating the rapid-renewal, layered system, while maintaining acceptable smoothness levels. These long-term performance evaluations indicate this practice ensures long-life, economical, smooth crossings for improved safety and operating performances for both highway agencies and railway companies.
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Malloy, Brett, Jerry G. Rose, and Reginald R. Souleyrette. "Rehabilitation, Assessment and Management Practices to Ensure Long-Life, High Performance Highway-Railway At-Grade Crossings." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3761.

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Rehabilitating and/or replacement of highway-railway at-grade crossings frequently accounts for major track maintenance expenses for the U.S. highway governmental agencies and the railroad industry. Substantial numbers of crossings deteriorate at a more rapid rate than the abutting trackbed and pavement. This is largely due to the structural implications of the combined highway and railway loadings within the jointly used crossing area and difficultly in maintaining adequate drainage within the immediate crossing area. A highway-railway at-grade crossing is designed to fulfill its primary purpose of providing a smooth surface for the safe passage of rubber-tired vehicles across the railroad. The jointly used area represents a significantly expensive unit cost of the highway and railway line. Ideally a highway crossing will maintain a smooth surface and stable trackbed for a long period of time. This reduces costly and frequent disruptions to highway and railway traffic when the track needs adjusting or the surface needs replacing due to rideability concerns. Technology is available for “fast-tracking” the renewal of highway crossings within one day (if desired) using a panel system with specifically designed layered support and premium materials. The procedure involves complete removal of the old crossing panel and trackbed materials. The replacement consists of an asphalt underlayment layer, a pre-compacted ballast layer, a new track panel, and a new crossing surface. The composition of the asphalt layer is similar to that used for highways. It replaces all, or a portion of, the typical granular subballast layer. A cooperative effort between the local highway agency and the railway company will ideally reduce costs, improve the quality of the finished product, and reduce outage of the highway and railroad during the rehabilitation process. A major objective is to minimize disruption to both highway and railway traffic during the renewal process in addition to improving the performance and extending the life of the crossing. Typical schedules are for the railroad to be out-of-service for a maximum of four hours and for the highway to be closed only eight to twelve hours, when length of closure is an issue of importance. Numerous long-term tests and performance evaluations of heavy trafficked railway and highway crossings are presented herein. Pressure cells have been imbedded within the trackbed to document pressure levels within the layered portion of the crossing structure due to loadings from trains and highway vehicles. In addition, long-term settlement measurements and assessments for several crossings are documented. The measurements indicate significantly reduced long-term settlements of crossings incorporating the rapid-renewal, layered system, while maintaining acceptable smoothness levels. In addition, standard practices and specifications are presented for several highway agencies and railway companies using this technology for their crossing renewal programs. These long-term performance evaluations indicate this practice ensures long-life, economical, smooth crossings for improved safety and operating performances. The application of this technology continues to increase and it is considered a standard practice in many areas of the country. A crossing management technique (model decision-making process) is described for assessing the optimum engineering solutions to restore desired smoothness, minimize subsequent settlement, and ensure acceptable long-term performances for highway-railway at-grade crossings. These are site-specific and based on historical performance, the present observed performance and condition, and measurable parameters for the particular crossing. The model decision-making process includes three options, depending on the source(s) of the crossing roughness. The process can involve merely making improvements to the quality of the pavement approaches. Another scenario can be to replace only the deteriorated crossing surface. The most involved solution is the complete renewal of the crossing surface, track panel, and underlying support to rectify a chronic problem that may be inhibiting the crossing from achieving optimum performance.
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Medina, J. C., S. Shen, and R. F. Benekohal. "Microscopic Analysis for Accident Data at Railroad Grade Crossings." In Second Transportation & Development Congress 2014. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413586.035.

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Yord, William, Jerry R. Richardson, and Vincent J. Zink. "Adverse Affects of Flood Flow at Skewed Railroad Crossings." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)344.

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Rilett, Laurence R., and Justice Appiah. "Microsimulation Analysis of Highway-Rail Grade Crossings: A Case Study in Lincoln, Nebraska." In IEEE/ASME/ASCE 2008 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2008-63063.

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This paper examines the usefulness of supplementing railroad preemption operations at highway-rail grade crossings with variable message signs. Using the microscopic traffic simulation model, VISSIM, the effects on grade crossing operations of different train dwell times as well as different levels of driver response to a variable message sign in the vicinity of the crossing are assessed. The results affirm the potential usefulness of variable message signs for preventing lengthy queues and illustrate the importance of explicitly considering the delay experienced by vehicles on the blocked roadway in developing a traffic control strategy for highway-rail grade crossings.
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Reports on the topic "Railroad crossings"

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Lamanna, Anthony, and Charles Scholer. Design of Durable Concrete Railroad Crossings. Purdue University, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313173.

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Sriraj, P. S., Kazuya Kawamura, Paul Metaxatos, et al. Railroad-Highway Crossing Safety Improvement Evaluation and Prioritization Tool. Illinois Center for Transportation, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-009.

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The expected crash frequency model of Illinois Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Design and Environment needed improvement to incorporate track circuitry as well as pedestrian exposure at railroad-highway grade crossings to make the model more comprehensive. The researchers developed, calibrated, and validated three models to predict collision rates at public, at-grade railroad-highway crossings in Illinois’ six-county northeast region for prioritizing railroad-highway crossings for safety improvements. The first model updated B-factors in the existing Illinois model, which was last validated with data from 1968. The second model modified B-factors to include circuitry types given the active maximum traffic control device at the crossing and added another factor (i.e., P-factor) to account for pedestrian daily traffic using the crossing. The third model added a P-factor to the existing US Department of Transportation’s web accident prediction system model to account for daily pedestrian traffic. Using year 2018 validation data, the first model had an r2 of 0.20 with reported collision rates. The second model had an r2 of 0.58 with reported collision rates, while the existing BDE model had an r2 of 0.17 with year 2018 reported collision rates. The third model had an r2 of 0.70 with reported collision rates using 2018 validation data whereas the existing US Department of Transportation’s web-based accident prediction system model had an r2 of 0.50 using year 2018 validation data. The three models are presented in this report along with a digital tool using the second model for illustrative purposes.
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Williams, Thomas. Classification of Railroad Crossings in Indiana for Roughness. Purdue University, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284313158.

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Chandra, Shailesh, Mehran Rahmani, Timothy Thai, Vivek Mishra, and Jacqueline Camacho. Evaluating Financing Mechanisms and Economic Benefits to Fund Grade Separation Projects. Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1926.

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Investment in transportation infrastructure projects generates benefits, both direct and indirect. While emissions reductions, crash reductions, and travel time savings are prominent direct benefits, there are indirect benefits in the form of real estate enhancements that could pay off debt or loan incurred in the improvement of the infrastructure itself. Studies have shown that improvements associated with rail transportation (such as station upgrades) trigger an increase in the surrounding real estate values, increasing both the opportunity for monetary gains and, ultimately, property tax collections. There is plenty of available guidance that provides blueprints for benefits calculations for operational improvements in rail transportation. However, resources are quite limited in the analysis of benefits that accrue from the separation of railroad at-grade crossings. Understanding the impact of separation in a neighborhood with high employment or population could generate revenues through increased tax collections. In California, the research need is further amplified by a lack of guidance from the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) on at-grade crossing for separation based on revenue generated. There is a critical need to understand whether grade separation projects could impact neighboring real estate values that could potentially be used to fund such separations. With COVID-19, as current infrastructure spending in California is experiencing a reboot, an approach more oriented to benefits and costs for railroad at-grade separation should be explored. Thus, this research uses a robust benefits-to-cost analysis (BCA) to probe the economic impacts of railroad at-grade separation projects. The investigation is carried out across twelve railroad-highway at-grade crossings in California. These crossings are located at Francisquito Ave., Willowbrook/Rosa Parks Station, Sassafras St., Palm St., Civic Center Dr., L St., Spring St. (North), J St., E St., H St., Parkmoor West, and Nursery Ave. The authors found that a majority of the selected at-grade crossings analyzed accrue high benefits-to-cost (BC) ratios from travel time savings, safety improvements, emissions reductions, and potential revenue generated if property taxes are collected and used to fund such separation projects. The analysis shows that with the estimated BC ratios, the railroad crossing at Nursery Ave. in Fremont, Palm St. in San Diego, and H St. in Chula Vista could be ideal candidates for separation. The methodology presented in this research could serve as a handy reference for decision-makers selecting one or more at-grade crossings for the separation considering economic outputs and costs.
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Iseley, D. T., and D. H. Cowling. L51697 Obstacle Detection to Facilitate Horizontal Directional Drilling. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010134.

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The horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technique is specially suited for pipeline crossings of waterways, beaches, roads, vulnerable natural regions, railroads and airports. The HDD method is a two-stage process consisting of navigating a drill stem underground along a predetermined design route and the pulling back of the product pipe through the prepared hole. One of the major problems faced in HDD projects is subsurface exploration and locating of existing underground obstacles. HDD equipment must avoid these obstacles if at all possible. This study was conducted to: 1. Determine the state-of-the-art for obstacle detection in horizontal directional drilling technology. 2. Examine all possible techniques for obstacle detection. 3. Evaluate the most promising and suitable techniques for further development. 4. Determine further work necessary to reach a 100-foot (30 m) target. 5. Make recommendations for HDD contractors.
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Lin, Pei-Sung. Coordinated Pre-Preemption of Traffic Signals to Enhance Railroad Grade Crossing Safety in Urban Areas and Estimation of Train Impacts to Arterial Travel Time Delay. University of South Florida, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/cutr-nctr-rr-2014-06.

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Your safety 1st: railroad crossing safety for emergency responders. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub2003121.

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