Journal articles: 'Railway signalling system'

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Kumar, Nikesh, and Kong Fah Tee. "Reliability and Inspection Modelling of Railway Signalling Systems." Modelling 2, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/modelling2030018.

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The railway is one of the most prominent models of transportation across the globe and it carries a large number of people, thus requiring high reliability, maintainability and safety. The reliability of railways mostly depends on an effective signalling system, making it one of the critical parts of railway operation. A signalling system is part of a large array of systems with interconnected components and subcomponents. Therefore, there is a need to make the signalling system more reliable and optimised with enhanced fault detection. Proper inspection and maintenance are required to make the signalling system reliable and safe. In this study, different inspection modelling techniques are applied to find the reliability of the signalling system. The signalling system has been divided into subsystems (signal unit, track unit, point-and-point machine) considering their importance and their effects on the failure rate of the entire signalling system. Inspection modelling of each subsystem has been conducted to provide the basis for the entire signalling system. A case study has been investigated to validate the model developed in one of the busiest tracks in eastern India. The obtained data thus are used to analyse the inspection pattern of signalling subsystems. Special attention to maintenance for inspection activities and logistics support has been taken into consideration, which is required to improve the reliability and maintainability of signalling subsystems and systems to make the railway signalling system sustainable in the long run.

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Stankaitis, Paulius, Alexei Iliasov, Tsutomu Kobayashi, Yamine Aït-Ameur, Fuyuki Ishikawa, and Alexander Romanovsky. "A refinement-based development of a distributed signalling system." Formal Aspects of Computing 33, no. 6 (November 24, 2021): 1009–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00165-021-00567-y.

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AbstractThe decentralised railway signalling systems have a potential to increase capacity, availability and reduce maintenance costs of railway networks. However, given the safety-critical nature of railway signalling and the complexity of novel distributed signalling solutions, their safety should be guaranteed by using thorough system validation methods. To achieve such a high-level of safety assurance of these complex signalling systems, scenario-based testing methods are far from being sufficient despite that they are still widely used in the industry. Formal verification is an alternative approach which provides a rigorous approach to verifying complex systems and has been successfully used in the railway domain. Despite the successes, little work has been done in applying formal methods for distributed railway systems. In our research we are working towards a multifaceted formal development methodology of complex railway signalling systems. The methodology is based on the Event-B modelling language which provides an expressive modelling language, a stepwise development and a proof-based model verification. In this paper, we present the application of the methodology for the development and verification of a distributed protocol for reservation of railway sections. The main challenge of this work is developing a distributed protocol which ensures safety and liveness of the distributed railway system when message delays are allowed in the model.

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Mikulčić, Matea, and Tomislav Josip Mlinarić. "Railway Capacity Enhancement with Modern Signalling Systems – A Literature Review." Promet - Traffic&Transportation 33, no. 1 (February 5, 2021): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v33i1.3664.

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In times of ever stronger awareness of environmental protection and potentiation of a beneficial modal split, the railway sector with efficient asset utilization and proper investment planning has the highest chance of meeting customer expectations and attracting new users more effectively. Continuous increase in railway demand leads to an increase in the utilization of railway infrastructure, and the inevitable lack of capacity, a burning problem that many national railways are continually facing. To address it more effectively, this paper reviews available methodologies for railway capacity determination and techniques for its enhancement in the recent scientific literature. Particular focus is given to the possibility of increasing railway capacity through signalling systems and installing the European Train Control System (ETCS). The most important relationships with segments of existing research have been identified, and in line with this, the directions for a potential continuation of research are suggested.

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Watson, Inara. "High-Speed Railway." Encyclopedia 1, no. 3 (July 27, 2021): 665–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1030053.

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Union Internationale des Chemins (UIC) defines the high-speed railway (HSR) as a high-speed railway system that contains the infrastructure and the rolling stock. The infrastructure can be newly built dedicated lines enabled for trains to travel with speed above 250 km/h or upgraded conventional lines with a speed up to 200 or even 220 km/h. HSR requires specially built trains with increased power to weight ratio and must have an in-cab signalling system as traditional signalling systems are incapable of above 200 km/h.

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NISKA, STEFAN, HÅKAN SCHUNNESSON, and UDAY KUMAR. "MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN A RAILWAY SIGNAL BOX — A CASE STUDY." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 18, no. 03 (June 2011): 285–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539311004147.

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In general railway infrastructure operates in a complex and non homogeneous environment where low power electronics has to function in the similar environment as large voltages and currents from the trains. The environment close to the railway tracks is heavily polluted by electromagnetic (EM) noise from the railway systems itself. The reliability of the railway signalling-, communication-, and control system depends on the degree of isolation from EM noise. It is important to observe the real system and its characteristics in real situation. The complexity of the infrastructure is not easy to simulate or calculate, and therefore measurements were performed on real system in operation. A large number of measurements were made on site at signalling systems and installations of Banverket (the Swedish Rail Administration). By studying and analyzing these measurements, the extent of EMI (Electromagnetic interferences) -related faults can be estimated. In situ measurements must be performed on systems that have obvious problems show increasingly fast and high transients in a DC signalling subsystem. The statistics also show an increased activity of transients during a period before a certain circuit in this system gets out of order. The presented results clearly show how the electromagnets interference effects he signalling system in a signalling box. The measurements in this case study have provided new information on a railway subsystem and have revealed frequencies that are difficult to explain at this moment.

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Morant, Amparo, Anna Gustafson, Peter Söderholm, Per-Olof Larsson-Kråik, and Uday Kumar. "Safety and availability evaluation of railway operation based on the state of signalling systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 2 (November 11, 2016): 226–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715624466.

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A framework is presented to evaluate the safety and availability of the railway operation, and quantifying the probability of the signalling system not to supervise the railway traffic. Since a failure of the signalling systems still allows operation of the railway, it is not sufficient to study their effect on the railway operation by considering only the failures and delays. The safety and availability are evaluated, handling both repairs and replacements by using a Markov model. The model is verified with a case study of Swedish railway signalling systems with different scenarios. The results show that the probability of being in a state where operation is possible in a degraded mode is greater than the probability of not being operative at all, which reduces delays but requires other risk mitigation measures to ensure safe operation. The effects that different improvements can have on the safety and availability of the railway operation are simulated. The results show that combining maintenance improvements to reduce the failure rate and increase the repair rate is more efficient at increasing the probability of being in an operative state and reducing the probability of operating in a degraded state.

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Szmel, Dariusz, and Dominik Wawrzyniak. "Application of FMEA method in railway signalling projects." Journal of KONBiN 42, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jok-2017-0020.

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Abstract The article presents the FMEA method application, which is relevant in verification of design of two separated railway signalling systems. The efficiency of the method at the stage of the design was discussed. The method was identified as an important element of safety management process and as safety analysis method, which is included in the Safety Case and is applied for the sake of safety arguments and its assessment. Safety process management comprises several phases and appropriate actions, linked with each other in the way to create safety life cycle consistent with system life cycle. The safety case is a set of documents demonstrating that the product is compliant with defined safety requirements including analysis that indicates the correctness of the design and the correct reaction of the system to the failures, with appropriate and requested fail-safe reaction. It is necessary that railway signalling system should fulfil SIL4 requirement and remain safe in case of occurrence any kind of single failure of the equipment considered as possible.

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Szmel, Dariusz, Wiesław Zabłocki, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Andrzej Kochan. "Selected issues of risk assessment in relation to railway signalling systems." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 127 (December 1, 2019): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7293.

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The selected methods of the risk assessment and analysis of signaling railway systems about the whole railway system were introduced in the article. The selected methods applied at the first stage of safety requirements definition within the preliminary system definition described at a high level of abstraction will be considered. It will be discussed the application of a holistic approach with the management of residual risk. The risk models will be presented and steps of assessing, analyzing, and evaluating risk, including hazard identification, consequences analysis, and selection of risk acceptance principles. The article's key aspect will be the determination of quantitative safety targets based on the THR indicator as an important parameter for further hazard analysis of the system, particularly in computer application. Normative and legislation requirements in the scope of risk assessment for the railway system will be considered, including the interoperability and safety directives and decrees regulations.

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Li, Zhiyu, and Shanghe Liu. "Interference mechanism analysis and mitigation measures with railway signalling equipment from harmonics in the traction system." Transportation Safety and Environment 2, no. 4 (September 22, 2020): 271–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tse/tdaa023.

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Abstract With the development of high-speed railway and heavy-haul rail transport in China, a large number of new types of electric locomotives and electric multiple units have been put into operation, improving the efficiency and equipment quality of railway transportation. However, harmonics emitted from the traction system and locomotives often interfere with the railway signalling equipment, which can lead to critical malfunction of the equipment. Based on field test data, this paper analyses the interference coupling mechanism and magnitude of traction harmonics to the signalling equipment using a three-element method of interference. It examines the three essential elements of electromagnetic interference, studies harmonic mitigation measures and proposes to solve the problem of inteference with signalling equipment by installing a passive high-pass filter in the coupling path. After comparing the effects of several types of filters using simulation tests, this paper verified the validity of the method and concluded that a second-order passive filter is the optimal solution for harmonic interference mitigation.

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Pawlik, M. "Analyse of the Challenges for Safe Transition from Individual Intraoperable Railway Systems to the Single European Interoperable Railway System." Archives of Civil Engineering 62, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ace-2015-0114.

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AbstractDue to different reasons a significant modal shift from railway to road transport took place over last decades. The basic reasons are pointed in the paper introduction together with contradicting transport policy taking into account environmental and economical challenges. Political vision to stimulate modal shift from road and air to railway cannot become true without achieving railway technical and operational interoperability. Paper describes wide range of technical barriers between individual intraoperable railway systems in civil engineering structures, traction power supply, control command and signalling and the ways, which are being applied to ensure stepwise converging of the technical solutions taking into account safety and technical compatibility, as well as other essential requirements, namely: reliability, accessibility, health and environment.

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Ingleby, Michael, and Ian Mitchell. "Proving Safety of a Railway Signalling System Incorporating Geographic Data." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 25, no. 30 (October 1992): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)49419-5.

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Panja, Subhash Chandra, and Pradip Kumar Ray. "Reliability analysis of track circuit of Indian railway signalling system." International Journal of Reliability and Safety 1, no. 4 (2007): 428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijrs.2007.016258.

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FLAMMINI, FRANCESCO, STEFANO MARRONE, MAURO IACONO, NICOLA MAZZOCCA, and VALERIA VITTORINI. "A MULTIFORMALISM MODULAR APPROACH TO ERTMS/ETCS FAILURE MODELING." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 21, no. 01 (February 2014): 1450001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539314500016.

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European Railway Traffic Management System/European Train Control System (ERTMS/ETCS) is a recent standard aimed at improving performance, safety and inter-operability of modern railways. In order to be compliant to ERTMS/ETCS, a railway signalling system must meet strict nonfunctional requirements on system level failure modes. In this paper, a multiformalism model is employed to perform an availability analysis of an ERTMS/ETCS reference architecture at early phases of its development cycle. At this aim, a bottom-up analysis is performed from subsystem failure models (expressed by means of Generalized Stochastic Petri Nets, Fault Trees and Repairable Fault Trees) up to the overall system model. The modular approach, here used, allows to evaluate the influence of basic design parameters on the probability of system-level failure modes and demonstrates that system availability is within the bound required by the ERTMS/ETCS specification. The results show that the multiformalism modeling approach helps to cope with complexity, eases the verification of availability requirements and can be successfully applied to the analysis of complex critical systems.

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Heinrich, Markus, Tsvetoslava Vateva-Gurova, Tolga Arul, Stefan Katzenbeisser, Neeraj Suri, Henk Birkholz, Andreas Fuchs, et al. "Security Requirements Engineering in Safety-Critical Railway Signalling Networks." Security and Communication Networks 2019 (July 14, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8348925.

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Securing a safety-critical system is a challenging task, because safety requirements have to be considered alongside security controls. We report on our experience to develop a security architecture for railway signalling systems starting from the bare safety-critical system that requires protection. We use a threat-based approach to determine security risk acceptance criteria and derive security requirements. We discuss the executed process and make suggestions for improvements. Based on the security requirements, we develop a security architecture. The architecture is based on a hardware platform that provides the resources required for safety as well as security applications and is able to run these applications of mixed-criticality (safety-critical applications and other applications run on the same device). To achieve this, we apply the MILS approach, a separation-based high-assurance security architecture to simplify the safety case and security case of our approach. We describe the assurance requirements of the separation kernel subcomponent, which represents the key component of the MILS architecture. We further discuss the security measures of our architecture that are included to protect the safety-critical application from cyberattacks.

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Okutani, Tamio, and Toshiyuki Shimazoe. "Development of Centralized Interlocking System for Railway Signalling and its Evaluation." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 119, no. 11 (1999): 1307–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.119.1307.

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Fantechi, Alessandro, and Emilio Spinicci. "Modelling and Validating a multiple-configuration railway signalling system using SDL." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 82, no. 6 (September 2003): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1571-0661(04)81026-0.

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Soler Nicolau, Manuel, Jesús López, Santiago Tapia, and José Manuel Mera. "Expert system using multi-objective optimization of the direct current railway power supply system." Transport 33, no. 1 (November 2, 2015): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1108225.

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There are many different aspects to be analyzed when designing a railway infrastructure. The energy system, which withstands the demand for energy from operating trains, must consider many factors to create a functional infrastructure, in terms of demanded energy and cost sustainable. The methodology proposed gives a set of possible solutions to the designer or engineer. On the one hand, this method works with a multi-objective genetic algorithm (NSGA-II), with high time efficiency. The main target of this work is to obtain the best electrical configuration in terms of number and location of substations and characteristics of the overhead line system. On the other hand, best configurations must take into account things such as real railway operation, signalling system, infrastructure, costs linked with environment, maintenance, construction and connection with general electric network, losses of energy dissipated along the catenary. Hence, this methodology must combine all of these skills and integrate it with a railway configuration, modelling and simulation tool, Hamlet developed at CITEF (Research Centre on Railway Technologies by Technical University of Madrid, Spain). After using this methodology, designers will have a set of configurations in order to get the final choice of location of traction substations and type of overhead line system to achieve properly the power demand from trains in railway systems.

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Szmel, Dariusz, Wiesław Zabłocki, Przemysław Ilczuk, and Andrzej Kochan. "Method for Selecting the Safety Integrity Level for the Control-Command and Signaling Functions." Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2019): 7062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247062.

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The purpose of the article is to present selected method of risk assessment of railway control and signaling systems, including current normative and legal bases, such as directives and regulations that regulate the interoperability and safety of the railway system. Selected methods used at the initial stage of creating safety requirements and referring to the initial definition of the system defined at a high level of abstraction are considered. Issues of holistic approach and residual risk management are also discussed. Risk models are presented as well as individual steps of risk analysis, evaluation, and assessment, including hazard identification, impact analysis, and selection of the risk acceptance principle. Selected model based on hazard and operability studies (HAZOP) and an adapted risk graph was applied to the real signalling equipment. The key aspect undertaken in the article is the proposal to set quantitative safety objectives based on the safety integrity level/tolerable hazard rate (SIL/THR) indicator, as an important parameter in further analysis of the system, especially in computer applications. The result of study showed that application of proposed combination HAZOP and adapted risk graph method are efficient and suitable for a railway signalling application. The results and conclusion are presented in Chapters 4 and 6 of the article.

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Adamski, Dominik, and Krzysztof Ortel. "Verification of proper integration between onboard ERTMS/ETCS system with polish railway infrastructure." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 334–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.088.

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Paper discussed the issues of achieving mutual compatibilyty between Control-Command and Signalling On-board and Trackside Subsystems. Particular attention was paid to tests perfomed for ERTMS/ETCS onboard units.

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Dyduch, Janusz, and Roman Pniewski. "Concept of measuring force adjustment of crossover drives." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 12 (December 1, 2016): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_12_05.

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As part of the project in the Department of Control Systems in Transport it has been developed a system for automatic data collection and automatic forecasting the status of railway signalling devices. In the frame of the project it was also developed a prototype system for wireless measurement of currents in drive motor together with parameters of environment. The system will be used for the automatic diagnosis of crossover drives.

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Cremonini, Roberto, Evelina Lamma, and Paola Mello. "ADES: An expert system for ATP design." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 3, no. 1 (February 1989): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060400001062.

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This paper presents an expert system (called ADES, i.e. ATP Design Expert System) for the automatic design of Automatic Train Protection systems (ATP). An ATP system is a railway signalling system constituted by a set of logic circuits that control the safe movement of trains within a railway station.AI techniques proved feasible to address the particular design problem discussed: ADES is able to rapidly design good control circuits to meet operational requirements by using a well-structured, explicitly represented, in depth knowledge of Automatic Train Protection. The use of AI techniques facilitates the maintenance and extension of ADES to face new or unplanned requirements.Implementing both the expert system and its environment tools in the PROLOG language, by using meta-interpretation techniques, has led to the rapid prototyping of the overall system. Optimization techniques have also been developed to allow ADES to be efficiently executed.

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Vanit-Anunchai, Somsak. "Modelling and simulating a Thai railway signalling system using Coloured Petri Nets." International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer 20, no. 3 (January 17, 2018): 243–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10009-018-0482-9.

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Higuchi, Ryo, Hiroshi Mochizuki, Hideo Nakamura, Ryo Ishikawa, Minoru Sano, and Satoshi Nishida. "Application of OFDM transmission method for railway signalling system via track circuit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1780, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1780/1/012037.

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de Almeida Pereira, Dalay Israel, Ouail Himrane, Philippe Bon, and Julie Beugin. "From French National Signaling Systems to ERTMS: Considering the Evolution of Track-Side Systems." International Journal of Signal Processing Systems 9, no. 2 (June 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijsps.9.2.11-16.

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In France, the railway lines are divided into the national and international lines. While the former has a proper implementation of the railway signalling systems as relay-based or computer-based systems, the latter follows the guidelines defined by the ERTMS standards, focusing on the interoperability throughout Europe. In a previous work we presented how the national legacy relay-based Railway Interlocking Systems (RIS) can evolve to use a computer-based technology in order to benefit from its advantages. In this present article, we present how these computer-based systems can be used in order to allow the evolution from a national line towards an ERTMS compliant international line. This proposition is based on the fact that the previous work provides the support for evolving the track-side technologies with, for instance, the use of GNSS for the train geo-localisation instead of electrical circuits-based train detection systems. Then, a discussion of the impact of this evolution over the system safety is presented.

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Zalesova, O. V. "Determination of Electromagnetic Influence of 25 kV AC Electric Traction Network on 10 kV High-Voltage Overhead Line." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012078. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012078.

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Abstract Electrified railways include a system of cable and overhead lines. An analysis of the operation of alternating current (AC) electrified railways sections shows that the value of the induced voltage caused by the operation of the traction network can significantly exceed the permissible level on adjacent disconnected high-voltage overhead lines. As a consequence, this leads to serious injuries to operating personnel, including deaths, failure of electrical equipment. From this point of view, 1x25 kV 50 Hz AC railway system networks are considered the most dangerous. The electromagnetic influence of the traction network of a double-track section of an AC railway on an adjacent 10 kV high-voltage overhead line for power supply of automatic block signalling is investigated in the offered paper. Emergency cases of traction network operation are considered: short-circuit situation and forced state. The calculations of short-circuit currents in the influencing inter-substation zone, as well as estimation of the induced voltage on the wires of the 10 kV disconnected high-voltage overhead line for various schemes of grounding, have been performed. The investigations were carried out on models built using the ATP-EMTP program.

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IRLIK, Maciej. "TRAIN HEADWAY OPTIMISATION USING VIRTUAL BLOCKS." Scientific Journal of Silesian University of Technology. Series Transport 112 (September 1, 2021): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20858/sjsutst.2021.112.6.

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Although the implementation of a new Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system increases the safety level, it also exerts some impact on the blocking time in block sections, and consequently, on the headway between trains. At the same time, ATP systems introduce a train positioning system based on odometry calculation and reporting back to the trackside system. This paper describes the concept of using virtual blocks based on train position reporting in the ATP system for purposes of non-occupancy determination. Virtual blocks can be used to reduce headways on railway lines without increasing the number of trackside signalling devices. Preliminary capacity assessment was performed to calculate the average headway depending on the signalling system with reference to a case study.

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Steczek, M., A. Szeląg, and D. Chatterjee. "Analysis of disturbing effect of 3 kV DC supplied traction vehicles equipped with two-level and three-level VSI on railway signalling track circuits." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 65, no. 5 (October 1, 2017): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2017-0071.

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Abstract Electric traction vehicles cooperating with a 3kV DC traction system and equipped with drive systems based on voltage source inverters are the most significant sources of disturbances for a railway signalling system. Every traction vehicle to be authorised for operation on railway lines must fulfil the limits imposed on current harmonics magnitudes and those provided by railway operators. The solution introduced for prototypes of most modern traction drives is to replace the two-level inverters with three-level topology. Therefore, it is essential to establish the influence of the new solution on the railway signalling system. This paper presents a comparative analysis between simulation results delivered for two and three-level traction drive system regarding generation of disturbing current harmonics. Two types of VSI modulation techniques were taken under consideration: sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and a new one, proposed by the authors, based on selective harmonic elimination (SHE). Furthermore, the authors presented application of one of the SHE based optimization techniques for shaping the EMU’s (electric multiple unit) DC side input current harmonics spectrum in order to meet the required limits. The described technique is based on off-line generation of a set of solutions for each of the VSI operating points and selection of the best solution for the assumed criteria. The applied simulation models and the concept of SHE control were verified in a laboratory by means of a low-power drive stand. Using the three-level inverter in traction drives system results in less current harmonics than using two-level topology without modification of the modulation technique. Thus, it does not guarantee fulfilling all limits assumed in this paper. The proposed modulation technique allows for fulfilling the limits, and the technical implementation of the proposed technique in a traction drive system will be considered in future studies.

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Baek, Jong-Hyen, Hyun-Jeong Jo, and Yong-Kyu Kim. "The Development of Integration Electronic Block System for Maintenance Efficiency on Railway Wayside Signalling System." Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 13, no. 9 (September 30, 2012): 4171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5762/kais.2012.13.9.4171.

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ARAI, Hideki, and Tetsuo TAKASHIGE. "Development of Compact Maintenance System for Railway Signalling Equipment using Multiplex System and FFT Analysis." Quarterly Report of RTRI 42, no. 1 (2001): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2219/rtriqr.42.10.

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Barik, R., K. Santara, R. Ghosh, and P. Sarkar. "A Petri-Net Based Representation of Automated Railway Signalling System with Collision Avoidance." International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering 5, no. 12 (December 31, 2017): 290–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.26438/ijcse/v5i12.290295.

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Spunei, E., I. Piroi, C. Muscai, E. Răduca, and F. Piroi. "Truck circuits diagnosis for railway lines equipped with an automatic block signalling system." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 294 (January 2018): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/294/1/012014.

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Baratov, Dilshod. "Functional features of the automated accounting and control system of signalling, centralization and blocking devices." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405052.

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The article illustrates the functional features of the automated system of operation of signalling, centralization and blocking devices, shows the interface of the automated system of accounting and control of railway automation and telemechanics devices, presents the system requirements and testing of the automated method. The process manages, and metering devices of automatics and telemechanics in the use of QR-coding method should be used for automated identification of devices of signalling, centralization and blocking with the aim of collecting data about installed devices, checking the correct replacement devices, data input on the implementation of the repair and acceptance, automated input of data on new devices submitted for repair and process areas.

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Vernez, David, and François Vuille. "Method to assess and optimise dependability of complex macro-systems: Application to a railway signalling system." Safety Science 47, no. 3 (March 2009): 382–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2008.05.007.

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Knight-Percival, Alexander, Christopher Johnson, Benjamin Richards, Scott Palmer, and Nicholas Bowring. "Mapping of the electromagnetic environment on the railway: Condition monitoring of signalling assets." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718802998.

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Conventional track circuit condition monitoring systems are fixed at the wayside, with each installation reporting on a single track circuit. In this work, we present a custom-built, sensitive, magnetic field detection system, which can be fitted to the underside of a rail vehicle. With this system installed, some characteristics of an operating track circuit can be monitored from the vehicle whilst it is in motion. By using appropriate analysis techniques, it is possible to identify the signatures of equipment relating to audio frequency track circuits, the topic of this work. Analysing the signatures of track circuit equipment demonstrated that there were clear differences between track circuit assets. By building on other research into the behaviours of failing track circuits, and continuing to conduct this research, the authors believe that it is possible, and beneficial, to perform condition monitoring of track circuits from low-cost equipment mounted on the train. Coupling this with advanced analysis techniques will allow predictive maintenance of track circuits with very little capital outlay.

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Pan, Jinyi, Qiyuan Peng, Shuguang Zhan, and Jiaqi Bai. "Multiscenario-Based Train Headway Analysis under Virtual Coupling System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2021 (December 21, 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5642709.

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Chinese high-speed railway has implemented large-scale network operation with an urgent need for capacity improvement. The concept of virtual coupling seems to be a promising solution that provides a new operational scenario for high-speed railway, where trains are formed into a cooperative convoy and run synchronously with small train headways. The train-following principles under the virtual coupling signalling are quite different from those under conventional train control systems. Therefore, train headway analysis for different operational scenarios should be carried out to ensure railway safety and evaluate capacity benefits brought by virtual coupling. This paper proposes a potential virtual coupling architecture with reference to ETCS/ERTMS specifications. We compare blocking time models under different train control systems, and eight typical train-following scenarios are investigated for virtual coupling, including train arrival and departure cases. A detailed multiscenario-based train headway analysis is provided based on the microscopic infrastructure of the station and technological characteristics of virtual coupling. All computational outcomes are based on the train dynamic motion model. A comparative analysis of train headways under virtual coupling and CTCS-3 is provided in the case study. Results show that train headways can be substantially reduced under virtual coupling and are related to the station infrastructure layout.

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Čurepić, Danko, and Zdravko Toš. "Technical Documentation in Traffic Technology." PROMET - Traffic&Transportation 21, no. 5 (March 2, 2012): 359–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7307/ptt.v21i5.251.

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The requirements for the prompt usage of traffic infrastructure capacities define the technological frames which ensure updated maintenance and development of new traffic infrastructure capacities by implementing graphical and computer systems. Technical documentation (TD) based on the technology of geographic information systems (GIS) allows fast analysis of graphical and alphanumerical data with the aim of identifying spatial relations among various cartographic elements. The paper analyses and presents the methodological bases of building GIS with the aim of designing the traffic network topology, as well as structural and functional analysis which uses the acquired knowledge to propose concrete solutions on connecting data about the position of infrastructure facilities with their properties in the railway traffic safety. KEY WORDS: technical documentation, geographic information system, structural and functional analysis, software for technical drawing, signalling devices, railway

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Kycko, Magdalena and Zabłocki, Wiesław. "The Analysis of Selected Issues of Signalling System Selection for a Railway Line with Set Railway Service and Traffic Parameter." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports, no. 179 (June 2018): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1793e.

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Olaby, Osama, Saikat Dutta, Tim Harrison, Christopher P. Ward, and Roger Dixon. "Realisation of a Novel Functionally Redundant Actuation System for a Railway Track-Switch." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020702.

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This paper focuses on modelling, control, realisation and performance analysis of a full-scale demonstrator for a novel railway track switch. For over a century, railway track switches (or points) have been allowing trains to safely change between routes. As they are safety-critical elements of the rail network, when they fail, the signalling system will prevent trains from using that route. This means poor reliability (or lack of availability) leads to significant delays and costs; hence there is huge interest from researchers and engineers in improving the overall reliability of track switches. This paper presents new results, which represent a meaningful first step toward a revolution in the way track switches are actuated. A “REPOINT-Light” railway track switch demonstrator is introduced which uses a new concept of locking to allow redundant actuation with three actuator bearers operating under closed-loop feedback control. The new concept, its control system and its mechanical viability are tested in experiments at the Great Central Railway in the UK. To support the design of the actuators and the control system, a dynamic simulation model is developed by co-simulation involving Simulink and Simpack. The experimental results presented are used to validate the models and the paper discusses how the models themselves are used as the vehicle for the design of feedback controllers. Virtual testing of the controllers in simulation is a vital step prior to the implementation and deployment of the controllers in the demonstrator switch. The major contribution of this work is demonstrating, for the first time at full scale on a real-world track switch, that it is possible to use one-out-of-three actuator redundancy to provide fault-tolerant operation of railway track switch.

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Kochan, Andrzej. "Digital Twin of the ECTS application." WUT Journal of Transportation Engineering 131 (December 1, 2020): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.8199.

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This paper presents the concept of a digital twin for the ETCS application. The ERTMS system is a technical solution aimed at ensuring interoperability of the railway system in the field of signalling within the European Union. It is also an important factor in the digitisation and automation of railways. Due to its complexity, it needs solutions to support its activities in all phases of the life cycle, in particular design, implementation, maintenance and operation. A digital twin is a virtual representation of a real system. According to many definitions, this mapping should be as close to identical as possible. Such a mapping should, by definition, accompany the real system throughout its lifetime, providing a consistent description of the current state and history of its operation. This mapping should be the primary source of information about the real system for all stakeholders interested in its operation. This paper presents the basic assumptions of the Digital Twin of the ETCS application in terms of its structure and its application to the verification of its correctness.

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Takagi, R. "Synchronisation control of trains on the railway track controlled by the moving block signalling system." IET Electrical Systems in Transportation 2, no. 3 (2012): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-est.2011.0053.

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Shubinsky, Igor B., Aleksei M. Zamyshliaev, Aleksei N. Ignatov, Andrei I. Kibzun, and Evgeni N. Platonov. "USE OF AUTOMATIC SIGNALLING SYSTEM FOR REDUCTION OF THE RISK OF TRANSPORTATION INCIDENTS IN RAILWAY STATIONS." Dependability 17, no. 3 (January 1, 2017): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21683/1729-2646-2017-17-3-49-57.

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Pour, Shahrzad M., Kourosh Marjani Rasmussen, John H. Drake, and Edmund K. Burke. "A constructive framework for the preventive signalling maintenance crew scheduling problem in the Danish railway system." Journal of the Operational Research Society 70, no. 11 (May 16, 2019): 1965–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01605682.2018.1507423.

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Karolak, Juliusz. "Interface and connection model in the railway traffic control system." Archives of Transport 58, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9086.

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The article presents a model of connection of ETCS application and classical base layer equipment. The model distinguishes three layers: physical, logic and data, which require different modelling techniques and at the same time must be consistent. The model will form the basis for the digital mapping in the Digital Twin of the ETCS application. Layer division is a natural way to represent the structure of a device and its operating rules. It allows a detailed and structured representation of the interfaces of a connection and then an analysis of the connection both with respect to the layer of interest and from the point of view of the interaction between features in the different layers. The S-interface of the LEU encoder of the ETCS is described, taking into account different solutions encountered in practice. The conditions of the connection between the LEU encoder and the environment form a description of one of the two boundaries between the ETCS application, i.e. the implemented ERTMS/ETCS on a specific area of the railway network, and the environment. A general connection model and definitions of a connection and an interface are presented. As an example, the electrical connection with signals transmitted through galvanic connections has been assumed to be typical for LEU encoder and track-side signalling control circuits found in base layer equipment. The physical layer is described in terms of physical parameters and their values. The parameters are divided into electrical (current, voltage and frequency) and mechanical ones (number of leads, conductor thickness, etc.). The values of the electrical parameters are expressed in terms of a uncountable set with defined limits. The logic layer was described in a vector-matrix form. Logic signals are assigned to electrical signals with specific physical parameters. The data layer contains information about the assignment of specific telegrams to specific electrical signals.

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KANSO, KARIM, and ANTON SETZER. "A light-weight integration of automated and interactive theorem proving." Mathematical Structures in Computer Science 26, no. 1 (November 12, 2014): 129–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960129514000140.

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In this paper, aimed at dependently typed programmers, we present a novel connection between automated and interactive theorem proving paradigms. The novelty is that the connection offers a better trade-off between usability, efficiency and soundness when compared to existing techniques. This technique allows for a powerful interactive proof framework that facilitates efficient verification of finite domain theorems and guided construction of the proof of infinite domain theorems. Such situations typically occur with industrial verification. As a case study, an embedding of SAT and CTL model checking is presented, both of which have been implemented for the dependently typed proof assistant Agda.Finally, an example of a real world railway control system is presented, and shown using our proof framework to be safe with respect to an abstract model of trains not colliding or derailing. We demonstrate how to formulate safety directly and show using interactive theorem proving that signalling principles imply safety. Therefore, a proof by an automated theorem prover that the signalling principles hold for a concrete system implies the overall safety. Therefore, instead of the need for domain experts to validate that the signalling principles imply safety they only need to make sure that the safety is formulated correctly. Therefore, some of the validation is replaced by verification using interactive theorem proving.

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Zawadka, Łukasz, and Dominik Adamski. "Selected Aspects of Control-Command and Signalling On-Board Subsystem Verification." Problemy Kolejnictwa - Railway Reports 64, no. 187 (June 2020): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36137/1877e.

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This article describes the procedures, standard parameters and control requirements to be performed in order to achieve EC verification of a Control-Command and Signalling On-board Subsystem. An analysis of issues related to the assessment of the on-board subsystem is presented in terms of the necessary checks that must be performed by a notified body and the issues of interoperability tests of the on-board ERTMS with track-side infrastructure. Providing railway interoperability is strictly related to the introduction of unified rules for the assessment and verification of the ETCS and GSM-R subsystems that are part of the European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). The article describes procedures, standard parameters, requirements and necessary controls that must be implemented to carry out EC Verification of a Control-Command and Signalling On-board Subsystem. Reference is also made to the issues of ERTMS on-board compatibility tests with track-side infrastructure. Keywords: TSI, CCO, ERTMS, conformity assessment, interoperability

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Cruceanu, Cătălin, and Camil Crăciun. "Necessity and conditionality regarding the electromagnetic track brake - parametric study." MATEC Web of Conferences 178 (2018): 06020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817806020.

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The paper explores the speed limits requiring additional braking systems independent of rail/wheel adhesion. Regarding the electromagnetic track brake (MTB), conditions to achieve the safety traffic requirements for stopping distances and decelerations are investigated by means of numerical simulations. The computing program integrates the movement equation of the vehicle, taking into account weight, resistance to forward movement, etc. The study is performed for 40...60 t four axles passenger vehicles and it was considered a speed domain of 160...300 km/h. The results indicate that deceleration requirements are an important limitative parameter for constructive top speeds of railway vehicles. For velocities higher than 210...230 km/h, the braking distances exceed the possibility of running under conventional signalling system.

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Chandra, Vinod, and K. Vijaya Kumar. "Reliability and safety analysis of fault tolerant and fail safe node for use in a railway signalling system." Reliability Engineering & System Safety 57, no. 2 (August 1997): 177–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(97)00020-3.

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Adamski, Dominik, Krzysztof Ortel, and Juliusz Furman. "Research on measurement of electromagnetic fields generated by electric and combustion powered rolling stock." MATEC Web of Conferences 294 (2019): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201929403016.

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Axle counters are more and more often applied in train detection systems. The wheel sensor is a main part of each axle counter system. In parallel, more and more complex railway vehicles, especially traction ones, are a potential source of interferences influencing the operation of these train detection systems. It is the reason to verify the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) between the signalling equipment, particularly train detection systems and new vehicles in the process of obtaining the permission for their exploitation. The measurement of interfering magnetic fields generated by vehicles is one of tests to be carried out. For the simplification and unification purpose of the applied interference test methods the EN 50238 standard and TS 50238-3 technical specification were developed. The specification defines unified testing procedures. However, it is necessary to verify if it may replace different testing methods used in particular European states. It is the goal of the European research project financed from the TEN-T network resources.

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Skorayeva, Elena A., Konstantin V. Gundyrev, and Yevgeny S. Khodnevich. "Automatic control system for designing of Signalling devices in meeting requirements of railway industry standard ISO/TS 22163-2017(IRIS)." Innotrans, no. 2 (2019): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2019-2-38-41.

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Prisyazhnenko, A. I. "Signaling on the railway transport of Russia. History of origin and development." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 2, no. 4 (November 24, 2021): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2021.4.435-441.

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The development of humanity is impossible without means of signaling. Signaling in any sphere of human activity has always been a means of ensuring the safety of his life. One of these areas was railway transport, the development of which and, accordingly, signalling facilities began in the early 19th century.With the progress of technological progress in Russia, signaling tools have also evolved, which have gone from the simplest sound and optical signals to modern ones using satellite technologies. Naturally, this path in the technical evolution of mankind is of interest to scientists and just curious people, since knowledge of the stages of the origin and development of signaling allows contemporaries to improve it and at the same time not forget the basics of this area.As a result of this process, the signaling system on railway transport, its means have undergone serious changes. Primitive ways of giving commands - optical (disk, flag) and sound (whistle) to the participants of the movement were pushed by more modern means of signaling, which already involve microprocessor technology and satellite technologies.An example of modern signaling means is the automatic locomotive signaling of a single row of continuous type (ALS-EN). The signal of this type of signaling is more informative: it contains information about the number of free block sections ahead of the train, as well as about the permissible speed of its movement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Railway signalling system'

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