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Journal articles on the topic 'Railway sleepers'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Hussein Mohamed Ali, Ali, and Abubaker Barakat Babiker Barakat. "Quality Control of Pre-stressed Concrete Sleepers in Sudan Railways." FES Journal of Engineering Sciences 9, no. 3 (2021): 110–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/fjes.v9i3.704.

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Nowadays, railway transport plays a very important role in the transport system in a period of positive growth of commerce, economy and industry. In accordance with other modes of transport, railway is the most stable mode for transporting, safety, capability carrying, social and economic benefits. Sleepers have major roles in the complex railway system and distributed the load from rails when train goes through to the ballast. This study discussed pre-stressed concrete sleepers in Sudan railways and compare them with other varies of sleepers taken in consideration the service life, handling,

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2

Kondrashchenko, Valerii I., Guo Qing Jing, and Chuang Wang. "Wood-Polymer Composite for the Manufacture of Sleepers." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.509.

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Compared with traditional railway sleepers, composite sleepers have prominent advantages in performance design and sustainable development, which make these kinds of sleepers preferred development direction for sleeper industry. However, there are great differences between physical and mechanical properties of composite sleeper that produced all over the world, which lead to the problem of searching rational parameters for composite sleeper. By comprehensively using design of experiments and optimization theory, rational parameters of composite railway sleeper are studied in this paper.

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Kaewunruen, S., and A. M. Remennikov. "Investigation of free vibrations of voided concrete sleepers in railway track system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 221, no. 4 (2007): 495–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt141.

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Concrete railway sleepers in ballasted track are laid on ballast and subgrade supporting systems. Full contact between sleepers and ballast is typically assumed for analysis and design purposes. Often, voids and pockets in the sleeper/ballast contact interface form between sleepers and the ballast underneath that could cause problems to both the sleepers and the track system as a whole. The current paper investigates the effects of ballast voids and pockets on free vibration response characteristics of in situ railway concrete sleepers. Finite-element modelling was employed to develop a dynami

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Salih, Choman, Allan Manalo, Wahid Ferdous, et al. "Novel Bending Test Method for Polymer Railway Sleeper Materials." Polymers 13, no. 9 (2021): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13091359.

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Alternative sleeper technologies have been developed to address the significant need for the replacement of deteriorating timber railway sleepers. The review of the literature indicates that the railway sleepers might fail while in service, despite passing the evaluation tests of the current composite sleeper standards which indicated that these tests do not represent in situ sleeper on ballast. In this research, a new five-point bending test is developed to evaluate the flexural behaviour of timber replacement sleeper technologies supported by ballast. Due to the simplicity, acceptance level

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Grassie, S. L., and S. J. Cox. "The Dynamic Response of Railway Track With Unsupported Sleepers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Transport Engineering 199, no. 2 (1985): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1985_199_149_01.

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The dynamic response of railway track with a section of unsupported sleepers is examined experimentally and a mathematical model of such track is presented. The principal function of ballast at frequencies above 100 Hz is to damp vibration of the track while the resilience of the railpad attenuates forces transmitted to the sleeper. In the absence of ballast, concrete sleepers are likely to crack if there are modest wheel or railhead irregularities.

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KAEWUNRUEN, SAKDIRAT, and ALEX M. REMENNIKOV. "NONLINEAR TRANSIENT ANALYSIS OF A RAILWAY CONCRETE SLEEPER IN A TRACK SYSTEM." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 03 (2008): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002776.

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Railway sleepers in a track system are usually subjected to a wide range of loading conditions. A critical type of loading condition that causes cracking in the railway concrete sleepers is the dynamic transient wheel force. The transient wheel forces are often due to wheel or rail abnormalities. This paper presents a dynamic finite element model of a railway concrete sleeper in a track system, aimed at raising the consideration of dynamic effects in sleeper design. The railway concrete sleeper is modeled using the beam-on-elastic-foundation theory. Since in the actual tracks the ballast under

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7

Jokūbaitis, Aidas, Juozas Valivonis, and Gediminas Marčiukaitis. "Influence of Static and Dynamic Loads on the Behavior of Prestressed Concrete Railway Sleepers." Solid State Phenomena 249 (April 2016): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.249.278.

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Various types of sleepers from different materials are used in railroad tracks, therefore nowadays prestressed concrete sleepers are the most common type of sleepers. High strength concrete and prestressing reinforcement are used in concrete sleepers. These railroad members are stiff, durable and can withstand heavy loads. However replacement of the cracked or damaged sleepers are expensive and it is necessary to properly design and test them before exploitation. Experimental research of prestressed concrete sleepers under static and dynamic loads are described in this article. Sleeper rail se

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Jokūbaitis, Aidas, Gediminas Marčiukaitis, and Juozas Valivonis. "Experimental Research on the Behavior of the Rail Seat Section of Different Types of Prestressed Concrete Sleepers." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112432.

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Nowadays, prestressed concrete sleepers are the most common type of sleepers. In different countries all over the world prestressed concrete sleepers are designed with different shapes, with different types of prestressed reinforcement and arrangements in cross-section. Additionally, different manufacturing methods and techniques are used for prestressed concrete sleepers. These railway members are stiff, durable and can withstand heavy loads. Despite that, damaged or deteriorated prestressed concrete sleepers appear on railway tracks even before the end of their service life. Therefore, there

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9

Zhu, Huai Liang, Ying Dong Fang, and Li Feng Yu. "Dynamic Simulation of Ballastless Railway Track System with Local Invalid Sleepers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 1217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1217.

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Considering local sleepers supported invalidly, the dynamic analysis is presented for ballastless railway track system subjected to moving loads. The track is modeled as an infinitely Euler-Bernoulli beam with Kelvin viscoelastic foundation. The restrain conditions of system change suddenly at unsupported sleepers. Numerical simulating was carried out by the finite element discrete and Newmarks-method. Dynamic responses of system were analyzed in the case of single or multi-sleeper to be not working properly. Results show that the maximum value of displacement of track is going up 50% approxim

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Sadeghi, J. M. "Experimental evaluation of accuracy of current practices in analysis and design of railway track sleepers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 9 (2008): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-026.

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This research investigates the accuracy of the assumptions made in the current method of analysis and design of railway track sleepers. This study consists of a comprehensive field investigation into the response of sleepers in a railway track system to static and dynamic loads. In the experiments, several load cells (load gauges) are installed under a rail seat and beneath a B70 concrete sleeper for the purpose of monitoring the response of the sleeper to vertical loads. The dynamic coefficients factor, the ratio of the rail seat load to the wheel load and the pressures between the sleeper an

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Lundqvist, A., and T. Dahlberg. "Load impact on railway track due to unsupported sleepers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 219, no. 2 (2005): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440905x8790.

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Ballasted railway tracks will settle as a result of permanent deformations in the ballast and in the underlying material layers. The settlement is caused by the repeated traffic loading and the severity of the settlement depends on the quality and the behaviour of the ballast, the sub-ballast, and the subgrade. As the behaviour of the material is not exactly the same under all sleepers, and since the loading of the track is irregular, the amount of settlement will differ from one sleeper to another. A result of this is that the sleepers are not always fully supported, and some sleepers may eve

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Mosayebi, Seyed-Ali, Jabbar Ali Zakeri, and Morteza Esmaeili. "Effects of train bogie patterns on the mechanical performance of ballasted railway tracks with unsupported sleepers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 1 (2016): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716664932.

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The support condition of railway sleepers has a significant effect on the mechanical behavior of railway tracks due to the passing of different trains. One of the important issues in this regard relates to existing unsupported sleepers on the railway tracks. These sleepers cause changes in the dynamic responses of railway tracks under a moving train. In the literature, the effects of train bogie patterns on the behavior of tracks with and without unsupported sleepers have not been completely investigated till now. Therefore, the present study investigates this issue using numerical analyses. I

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AZEVEDO, A. C. L. de, A. M. A. J. TEIXEIRA, and L. A. V. CARNEIRO. "Flexural behavior of hybrid GFRP - concrete railway sleepers." Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais 12, no. 4 (2019): 738–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1983-41952019000400003.

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Abstract This paper aims to present the flexural behavior of hybrid GFRP (glass fiber reinforced polymer) concrete beams as sleepers to railway application. It was tried to obtain sleepers with adequate mechanical resistance, not susceptible to corrosion, durable and lighter than the sleepers in prestressed concrete. Pultruded fiberglass and polyester resin profiles were filled with high strength concrete and polyolefin fiber in the following proportions by volume: 1% and 2.5%. The beams were 1.06 meters long and had a 76 mm x 76 mm x 6 mm cross section, corresponding to a reduced model in a 1

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KAEWUNRUEN, SAKDIRAT, and ALEX M. REMENNIKOV. "EFFECT OF IMPROPER BALLAST PACKING/TAMPING ON DYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF ON-TRACK RAILWAY CONCRETE SLEEPER." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 07, no. 01 (2007): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455407002174.

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Ballasted railway tracks are impaired due to either normal or abnormal operations. One of the problems is the differential settlements along the track. Clearly, there is the need to maintain periodically the track substructures by means of ballast packing/tamping. Inappropriate conducts result in the nonlinear distributions of support stiffness. This study firstly demonstrates the effects of improper ballast packing/tamping on the free vibration behaviors of in situ railway concrete sleepers. The two-dimensional finite element modeling of an in situ concrete sleeper was employed in the paramet

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Tran, Le-Hung, Tien Hoang, Gilles Foret, Denis Duhamel, Samir Messad, and Arnaud Loaëc. "Identification of train loads from the dynamic responses of an integrated sleeper in situ." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 11 (2020): 1430–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x20922905.

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The monitoring of railway tracks can be performed through several measurement techniques. Recently, a method of diagnosing the railway track has been proposed using fiber Bragg gratings integrated inside the railway sleeper. An analytical model for the dynamics of railway sleepers has been developed allowing calculation of the sleeper responses. In this model, using the relation between the rail forces and displacements of a periodically supported beam, the sleeper’s dynamic equation is written with the help of the Euler–Bernoulli beam and Dirac’s delta distribution. Subsequently, the sleeper

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Vilniškis, Rokas, and Rasa Vaiškūnaitė. "Complex Contamination Research and Hazard Assessment of the Waste of the Wooden Railway Sleeper." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 13, no. 4 (2018): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2018-13.424.

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Before being put to use, wooden railway sleepers are impregnated with creosote to increase their longevity and protect them from any adverse environmental impact. Creosote consists of a number of chemical substances, and some of those substances, namely, the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenolic compounds and heterocyclic aromatic compounds, are potent carcinogens. Apart from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, during their use, sleepers are mostly contaminated with heavy metals and petroleum products. Upon railway reconstruction, wooden railway sleepers become the wa

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Smirnov, Vladimir. "Dynamic analysis of railway track with vibration isolated booted sleepers." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 01045. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819601045.

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The article deals with dynamic analysis of a railway track in a tunnel or on surface. Instead of concrete sleepers, booted ones are used, with additional under-sleeper pad made of elastomeric material. Introduction of additional elasticity in the railway track increases both the track elasticity and resultant service life and has some vibration isolation effect. Using the infinite length beam model with Winkler supports, the insertion loss of such a system is studied and appropriate pad stiffness is derived that can effectively reduce vibration arising from the railway track. Finite element (F

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Ngamkhanong, Chayut, Chuah Ming Wey, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Buckling Analysis of Interspersed Railway Tracks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093091.

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Nowadays, timber sleepers are still used for ballasted railway tracks to carry passengers and transport goods. However, the process of natural decay causes the problem of timber sleeper degradation over time. A temporary “interspersed” approach is used to replace rotten timbers with concrete sleepers. This implementation has several inadequacies, as interspersed railway tracks have inconsistent stiffness and experience significant deterioration over the years. Increased heat due to the change in the global climate can induce a compression force in the continuous welded rail (CWR), leading to a

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Mosayebi, Seyed-Ali, Morteza Esmaeili, and Jabbar-Ali Zakeri. "Numerical investigation of the effects of unsupported railway sleepers on train-induced environmental vibrations." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 36, no. 2 (2017): 160–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263092317711990.

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Review of technical literature regarding to train-induced vibrations shows that the effects of unsupported railway sleepers on this issue have been less investigated. So, the present study was devoted to numerical investigations of the mentioned issue. In this regard, first the problem of longitudinal train–track dynamic interaction was simulated in two dimensions by using the finite element method and the developed model was validated through comparison of the results with those obtained by previous researchers. In the next stage, a series of sensitivity analyses were accomplished to account

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Lake, Maree R., Luis Ferreira, and Martin H. Murray. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Sleeper Replacement Strategies: Simulation Model." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1713, no. 1 (2000): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1713-03.

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A simulation model predicts the condition of a section of timber-sleepered railway track, including the clustering patterns of the defective sleepers and the cost of replacement under a given strategy. These results are used to perform a cost-benefit analysis of the different possible strategies for the replacement. For the simulation model, it is assumed that the life of a timber sleeper is represented by the Weibull distribution. User-controlled inputs include the length of track and the number of years to be simulated. Results generated from the model include the percentage of defective sle

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Yu, Le Hua, Hui Ou, and Shuang Xi Zhou. "Preparation of Railway Concrete Sleeper Blended with Perlite Admixture." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 247–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.247.

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The experimental data about concrete incorporating perlite admixture revealed that perlite admixture in content of 10%-20% replacing cement in equal mass enhanced effectively the workability, late-age mechanical strength and durability for concrete. The railway sleepers made of concrete with perlite admixture substituting for 20% cement were probingly produced in production line of manufactory without any modification to the conventional equipment or procedures. The summary was concluded that the concrete sleepers with 20% perlite admixture not only have met requirement of product quality, but

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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, Tomasz Lewandrowski, and Kritditorn Chamniprasart. "Dynamic Responses of Interspersed Railway Tracks to Moving Train Loads." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 01 (2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418500116.

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This paper investigates novel dynamic phenomena of interspersed railway tracks. The interspersed method is commonly carried out by spot-replacing old timber sleepers with new concrete sleepers. Although this interspersed approach provides a short-term solution, such method has a negative effect on the long-term performance of railway tracks. It is evident that the performance of interspersed tracks can quickly deteriorate after some years. As a result, this paper is the first to evaluate dynamic responses of the interspersed track caused by a moving train load in order to understand the root c

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Lima, Arthur de Oliveira, Marcus S. Dersch, Jaeik Lee, and J. Riley Edwards. "Track Modulus Assessment of Engineered Interspersed Concrete Sleepers in Ballasted Track." Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2020): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11010261.

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Ballasted railway track is typically constructed using sleepers that are manufactured from a common material type within a given length of track. Timber and concrete are the two most common sleeper materials used internationally. Evidence from historical installations of interspersed concrete sleepers in timber sleeper track in North America has indicated inadequate performance, due largely to the heterogeneity in stiffnesses among sleepers. Theoretical calculations reveal that interspersed installation, assuming rigid concrete sleepers and supports, can result in rail seat forces more than fi

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Khvostik, M. Yu, and M. A. Starodubtseva. "Studies of the constructed rail seat supports." Vestnik of the Railway Research Institute 76, no. 6 (2017): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21780/2223-9731-2017-76-6-371-376.

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In recent decades, the use of constructed sleepers on the world's railways has been increasing: the United States, the EU countries, Japan and China. Such sleepers, having positive performance qualities of wooden sleepers (good elasticity and dielectric properties, manufacturability during laying and during repair work), do not have negative qualities of wood. The article reviews the US and EU standards for testing sleepers made of constructed materials. The classification of such sleepers is given. Examples of testing of such sleepers by specialists of JSC “VNIIZhT” for the period from 1999 t

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Salim, M. R., A. Abu Bakar, and A. A. Shariff. "Investigation on Simulation of Train Loading on Prestressed Concrete Sleepers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 157-158 (February 2012): 666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.157-158.666.

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Railway concrete sleepers have been developed and utilized in railway industry for over 50 years. Cyclic loading because of vibration on sleepers due to the train loading and the velocity of train itself and also a small percentage of bad wheels, can eventually lead to a crack network and failure of component. The objective of this study is to investigate the load carrying capacity of the selected prestressed concrete sleepers – prepared for Keretapi Tanah Melayu Berhad, KTMB, under static and dynamic loading conditions. In order to determine the behavior of the railway concrete sleepers under

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Shin, Moochul, Younghoon Bae, and Sukhoon Pyo. "A Numerical Study on Structural Performance of Railway Sleepers Using Ultra High-Performance Concrete (UHPC)." Materials 14, no. 11 (2021): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14112979.

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This numerical study investigates the structural performance of railway sleepers made of ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC). First, numerical concrete sleepers are developed, and the tensile stress-strain relationship obtained from the direct tension test on the UHPC coupons is used for the tensile constitutive model after applying a fiber orientation reduction factor. The numerical sleeper models are validated with the experimental data in terms of the force and crack-width relationship. Second, using the developed models, a parametric study is performed to investigate the performance of

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Ferdous, Wahid, Allan Manalo, Choman Salih, et al. "Behaviour of Polymer Filled Composites for Novel Polymer Railway Sleepers." Polymers 13, no. 8 (2021): 1324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13081324.

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A novel concept of polymer railway sleeper is proposed in this study that has the potential to meet static performance requirements within the cost of hardwood timber. The existing challenges of composite sleepers, such as low performance or high cost, can be overcome using this innovative concept. Such a proclamation is proven through limit state design criteria and a series of experimentations. Results show that polyurethane foam as an infill material can provide sufficient strength and stiffness properties to the sleeper, but the inadequate screw holding capacity could be a problem. This li

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Abu Bakar, Afidah, Khafilah Din, and Mat Som Marwi. "Design and Performance of Pre-Stressed Concrete Railway Sleepers Containing Fibres." Scientific Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/srj.v4i1.5662.

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The design of railway sleepers must account for irregularities of the train or the rails that generate dynamic loads. The sleepers could develop cracks during a train passage although not influential enough to disturb immediately the global track system. However, these cracks can pose a threat to the overall stiffness properties as they can propagate further under repeated loads induced by the train. Consequently they can cause fatigue, which is a structural failure at service condition. This will later constitute a major maintenance item if the problem is not properly addressed. It is intende

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Remennikov, A. M., M. H. Murray, and S. Kaewunruen. "Reliability-based conversion of a structural design code for railway prestressed concrete sleepers." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 226, no. 2 (2011): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409711418754.

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Ballasted railway track is very suitable for heavy-rail networks because of its many superior advantages in design, construction, short- and long-term maintenance, sustainability, and life cycle cost. An important part of the railway track system, which distributes the wheel load to the formation, is the railway sleeper. Improved knowledge has raised concerns about design techniques for prestressed concrete (PC) sleepers. Most current design codes for these rely on allowable stresses and material strength reductions. However, premature cracking of PC sleepers has been found in railway tracks.

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Zakeri, Jabbar-Ali, and Roshan Talebi. "Experimental investigation into the effect of steel sleeper vertical stiffeners on railway track lateral resistance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 231, no. 1 (2016): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409715622500.

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Continuously welded rails are a common remedy to prevent rail defects, including railhead batter, rail cracking or breakage, and lateral displacement of track, among others. However, at curves with a radius of less than 400 m, rail welding is practically impossible due to the lack of track lateral resistance. Therefore, finding a new method to increase the track lateral resistance is necessary to facilitate rail welding, especially on tracks with steel sleepers. This study proposes a new method of increasing the lateral resistance of a ballasted track with steel sleepers by using web stiffener

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Ngamkhanong, Chayut, Tao Tang, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Dynamic Properties Evaluation of Railway Ballast Using Impact Excitation Technique." Proceedings 2, no. 16 (2018): 1149. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2161149.

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Railway ballasted track, traditional railway track, consists of steel rails, sleepers, fastener system, ballast, sub-ballast and subgrade. Railway ballasted track has been widely used in railway system around the world. Ballast, which supports the sleepers uniformly, is highly experienced deterioration. [...]

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Hovorukha, V. V., A. V. Hovorukha, V. K. Kizilov, T. P. Sobko, and L. P. Semidetnaia. "Study of the stress state of the sleeper base and sleepers of rail track with accounting variable conditions of their resting." Geo-Technical mechanics, no. 152 (2020): 200–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2020.152.200.

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The live problem of the stress state of the sleeper base and rail sleepers is considered in the article with taking into account specific normal and specific shear stresses under variable conditions of the sleepers resting on the base. The methodology is aimed at the determination of the mutual influence of normal (compressive) and tangential (shear) specific stresses on formation of stability due to the displacement of individual parts of the base. Stability zones and shear zones of the sleeper base parts are also determined by the authors at different conditions of the sleeper resting on the

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Mohammed Ahsan, Hasib. "Key Safety Approaches in Bangladesh Railway." Journal of Engineering Science 12, no. 1 (2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i1.53102.

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Bangladesh Railways (BR) is an integral part of the country's transportation system since the British era. At present it covers a length of 2,877 route kilometres. Train accident data collected from BR revealed that train accidents reduced from 590 per year for 2001-10, to 250 per year for 2010-2015 and to 166 for 2015-16. Data also shows that derailments are the major concern in railway safety. Mixed railway gauges, rail weight, battered and damaged rails, low sleeper density and damaged sleepers, lack of maintenance of fittings and fastenings, and inadequate amount of ballasts are the main r

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Butler, Liam J., Jinlong Xu, Ping He, et al. "Robust fibre optic sensor arrays for monitoring early-age performance of mass-produced concrete sleepers." Structural Health Monitoring 17, no. 3 (2017): 635–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921717714615.

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This study investigates integrating fibre optic sensing technology into the production process of concrete railway sleepers. Robust fibre Bragg grating strain and temperature sensor arrays were developed specifically for this application and were designed for long-term monitoring of sleeper performance. The sensors were used to monitor sleeper production and to help gain a deeper understanding of their early-age behaviour which can highly influence long-term performance. In total, 12 sleepers were instrumented and strain data were collected during the entire manufacturing process including con

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Montalbán Domingo, Laura, Clara Zamorano Martín, Cristina Palenzuela Avilés, and Julia I. Real Herráiz. "Analysis of the Influence of Cracked Sleepers under Static Loading on Ballasted Railway Tracks." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/363547.

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The principal causes of cracking in prestressed concrete sleepers are the dynamic loads induced by track irregularities and imperfections in the wheel-rail contact and the in-phase and out-of-phase track resonances. The most affected points are the mid-span and rail-seat sections of the sleepers. Central and rail-seat crack detection require visual inspections, as legislation establishes, and involve sleepers’ renewal even though European Normative considers that thicknesses up to 0.5 mm do not imply an inadequate behaviour of the sleepers. For a better understanding of the phenomenon, the fin

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Le Pen, Louis, David Milne, Geoff Watson, John Harkness, and William Powrie. "A model for the stochastic prediction of track support stiffness." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 5 (2019): 468–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719841800.

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As well as guiding the train, one of the key aims of a railway track system is to provide support to the train at the wheel–rail interface that is of near-uniform compliance. Of the various components that make up this compliance, the contribution of the trackbed (ballast and subgrade) is the most difficult to understand and control. This paper presents data from field measurements of the track support system stiffness for a continuous run of 209 sleepers on a high-speed ballasted railway. The data indicate a level of variability, even on a highly engineered and well-maintained route. Statisti

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Wang, Hai Chao, Ke Qiu, and Shu Ling Gao. "Study of Sleeper Concrete early Strength Based on Orthogonal Experiment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1316.

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Using orthogonal design method of four factors and three levels, make a mix ratio experiment on sleeper concrete of China's railway sleepers, used steam curing concrete early compressive strength (stripping strength) as evaluation index. Study on different experimental factors of water-cement ratio, sand ratio, fly ash and admixture differently influenced on the early strength of sleeper concrete and analyze the difference impact of each factor and level for the orthogonal experiment. The result shows that the admixture is the main factor for early strength of concrete, followed by fly ash, wa

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Li, Dan, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Effect of Extreme Climate on Topology of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers." Climate 7, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cli7010017.

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Railway networks are exposed to various environmental conditions. It is thus critical that infrastructure components can tolerate such effects by design. Railway sleepers are a critical safety component in ballasted track systems. Prestressed concrete is currently the most common material for railway sleepers due to its superior advantages in structural performance, low maintenance, sustainability, and construction. In practice, many prestressed concrete sleepers are installed in harsh environments that are subject to various changes in climate. Environmental conditions are, therefore, one of

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Djarwanto, Djarwanto, Sihati Suprapti, and Sri Rulliaty. "Service Life of Railway Wood Sleepers in Indonesia." Wood Research Journal 6, no. 1 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.51850/wrj.2015.6.1.1-7.

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Wood offers natural advantages tremendously such as their elasticity, flexibility and resistance against compression as well as force impact. Therefore, wood material is astonishingly better material than concrete for railway sleepers. In spite of wood material’s advantages, the material is susceptible to attack by organisms. This paper observes the service life of wood sleepers in Java, Indonesia. Wood sleepers were observed visually from the ground railway system, Banten Province includes wood species identification macroscopically and organism’s attack. Results reveal that natural wood resi

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Dąbrowski, Józef. "Does complying with the norms for railway sleepers with anchoring ensure that the requirements of the standard for the track are met?" Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2019, no. 8 (2019): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_19_08_03.

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The paper points out that compliance with the requirements of standards in the scope of the electrical parameter of the railway sleeper with the attachment of rails does not directly lead to meeting the requirements of the standard for a track electrified with DC current, which were made of such sleepers.

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Zhang, Xianying, David J. Thompson, and Giacomo Squicciarini. "Sound radiation from railway sleepers." Journal of Sound and Vibration 369 (May 2016): 178–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.01.018.

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NIELSEN, J. C. O. "ACOUSTIC OPTIMIZATION OF RAILWAY SLEEPERS." Journal of Sound and Vibration 231, no. 3 (2000): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2560.

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Kaewunruen, Sakdirat, and Alex M. Remennikov. "Probabilistic Impact Fractures of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers." Advanced Materials Research 41-42 (April 2008): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.41-42.259.

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Cracks in railway prestressed concrete sleepers are often caused by the infrequent but high magnitude impact forces. These impact forces are attributed to the wheel or rail abnormalities, e.g. wheel flat, corrugation, dipped joint, etc. The emphasis of this paper is placed on the corresponding fractures of railway prestressed concrete sleepers in track systems under the probabilistic impact loadings. The statistical data of impact loadings in Central Queensland have been obtained through the collaborative project under the research framework of the Australian Cooperative Research Centre for Ra

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Lidmila, Martin, Pavel Tesárek, Tomáš Plachy, et al. "Utilization of Recycled Fine-Ground Concrete from Railway Sleepers for Production of Cement-Based Binder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 486 (December 2013): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.486.323.

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The environmental awareness and potential cost reduction have promoted the recycling of materials in civil engineering. This paper is dealing with the recycling and secondary use of old concrete railway sleepers for reconstruction of old railway lines. In particular, it is focused on the investigation of material properties of a binder prepared from finely crushed old concrete sleepers. This material could be used for strengthening of subsoil and embankments supporting the railway structures. The study shows that the compressive and bending strength of the investigated material is sufficient f

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Lojda, Vít, and Hana Krejčiříková. "TRACK GAUGE STABILITY UNDER EFFECT OF SLEEPER THERMAL EXPANSION." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 5 (2019): 467–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0467.

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Railway sleepers are traditionally made of hardwood, pre-stressed concrete or steel. However, emerging advanced materials, including polymers or composites, are investigated for a possible employment in the sleeper production. The main function of sleepers is to distribute forces they carry onto the trackbed, to support rails and keep the spacing between them, called the track gauge. The operating tolerance of the track gauge is critical for safety and is set by regulations. Generally, it is advisable to keep the track gauge deviation, as well as the sleeper length deviation influencing it, as

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Goto, Keiichi, Masamichi Sogabe, and Kiyoshi Asanuma. "Experimental Study on Contact Force between a Train Wheel and a Prestressed Concrete Sleeper." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.253.

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This paper describes the static and the impact experiments using a wheel shaped contact shoe and prestressed concrete sleepers (PC sleeper) to simulate the phenomenon that train wheels are expected to collide with PC sleepers when a railway vehicle is derailed by a large-scale earthquake. These experiments clarified the following items: firstly, the maximum force obtained in the static and the impact experiments were almost equal except for the case of loading at the edge side in the longer direction of the sleeper. Secondary, regarding fracture mode, it became clear that flexure fracture, del

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Bezin, Y., S. D. Iwnicki, M. Cavalletti, E. de Vries, F. Shahzad, and G. Evans. "An investigation of sleeper voids using a flexible track model integrated with railway multi-body dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 223, no. 6 (2009): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544097jrrt276.

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This article describes a flexible track system model (FTSM) that represents the track structure for a typical ballasted track, taking into account the flexibility of the rails, the sleeper mass and the resilience of the pad/fastening elements, as well as the ballast support stiffness condition. The detailed track model is integrated into a commercial railway vehicle dynamics software, thus allowing for any vehicle to be simulated onto the flexible track while at the same time taking into account the detailed calculation of the non-linear wheel—rail contact interaction. As an example, the appli

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Курьянова, Татьяна, Tatyana Kuryanova, Алексей Платонов, et al. "Condition of production and operation of railway sleepers from various materials." Forestry Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (2018): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a3d07e1242b54.88703069.

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Sleepers are elements of the upper structure of the railway track. When choosing a material for the manufacture of sleepers, we are based on such basic factors as cost for the whole life cycle and performance characteristics. In connection with the depletion of wood stocks in the world and the short life of wooden sleepers, the process of using sleepers made of reinforced concrete, metal and plastic goes intensively. The service life of pine sleepers is no more than 12-15 years, reinforced concrete sleepers are about 30-50 years old, plastic ones are up to 40 years old, and metal ones are 50-6

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Ngamkhanong, Chayut, Dan Li, Alex M. Remennikov, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Dynamic Capacity Reduction of Railway Prestressed Concrete Sleepers Due to Surface Abrasions Considering the Effects of Strain Rate and Prestressing Losses." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 19, no. 01 (2018): 1940001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455419400017.

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In reality, railway prestressed concrete sleepers frequently experience significant aggressive loading conditions and harsh environments. Especially in sharp curves, lateral loading of train wheels in combination with incompressible hydraulic pressure aggravates the lateral oscillation and abrades the surface of sleepers right underneath the rail seats. Many investigators in the past have proposed various material models to improve abrasive resistance characteristics, but those have been mostly applied to the new products using novel materials such as fiber-reinforced concrete. On the other ha

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Sengsri, Pasakorn, Chayut Ngamkhanong, Andre Luis Oliveira de Melo, and Sakdirat Kaewunruen. "Experimental and Numerical Investigations into Dynamic Modal Parameters of Fiber-Reinforced Foamed Urethane Composite Beams in Railway Switches and Crossings." Vibration 3, no. 3 (2020): 174–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vibration3030014.

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Dynamic behaviors of composite railway sleepers and bearers in railway switches and crossings are not well-known and have never been thoroughly investigated. In fact, the dynamic properties of the full-scale composite sleepers and bearers are not available in practice. Importantly, the deteriorated condition or even the failure of composite materials and components in the railway system can affect the functional limitations or serviceability of the switches and crossings. Especially, it is important to identify the dynamic modal parameters of Fiber-reinforced Foamed Urethane (FFU) composite ra

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