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Journal articles on the topic 'Railway substructure'

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1

Habashneh, Muayad. "Special reinforcement solutions of railway permanent ways’ soil substructures." Acta Technica Jaurinensis 14, no. 3 (2021): 339–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.00612.

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This mini review aims to summarize relevant international publications. Thus, based on this, giving a comprehensive review about the reinforcement solutions of permanent ways' soil substructure. Generally, the core weakness of soil is its inadequacy to resist tensile stresses. The main target of strengthening the soil is to enhance the engineering characteristics of the soil to build up specific parameters such as shear strength, compressibility, density, and hydraulic conductivity. In addition, special reinforcement techniques of railway permanent ways' soil substructures will be considered i
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2

Li, Wei, Xuecheng Bian, Xiang Duan, and Erol Tutumluer. "Full-Scale Model Testing on Ballasted High-Speed Railway: Dynamic Responses and Accumulated Settlements." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672, no. 10 (2018): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198118784379.

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High-speed trains generate much higher vibrations in track structures than conventional trains and intensive train passages (e.g., on the Beijing–Shanghai high-speed railway line where the train passage interval is less than 5 minutes) cause accumulated permanent settlement in the railway track substructures, which will decrease track performance and jeopardize the safety of trains. Since very few field measurements on ballasted high-speed railways are available in literature, this paper presents experimental results of vibration velocity, dynamic soil stress, and the accumulated settlement of
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3

IŽVOLT, Libor, Peter DOBEŠ, and Juraj PIEŠ. "Verification of boundary conditions of numerical modeling of the track substructure thermal regime – influence of the snow cover." Archives of Transport 4, no. 48 (2018): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.8365.

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The initial part of the paper briefly characterizes a long-term experimental activity at the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management (DRETM). The research of the DRETM focuses, besides other research activities and specific problems in the field of railway engineering (application of new structures and construction materials in conventional and modernized railway tracks, modernisation and rehabilitation of existing railway tracks for higher speeds, track diagnostics, influence of track operation on noise emissions and design of structural measures, possibility of application of
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4

Fei, Jianbo, Yuxin Jie, Chengyu Hong, and Changsuo Yang. "Comparative Analysis of Design Parameters for High-Speed Railway Earthworks in Different Countries and a Unified Definition of Embankment Substructure." Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 15, no. 2 (2020): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7250/bjrbe.2020-15.476.

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This paper compares design specifications and parameters for high-speed railway (HSR) earthworks in different countries (i.e., China, France, Germany, Japan, Russia, Spain and Sweden) for different track types (i.e., ballasted and ballastless), and for different design aspects (i.e., HSR embankment substructure, compaction criteria, width of the substructure surface, settlement control, transition section, and design service life). Explanations for differences in HSR implementation among different countries are provided and reference values of the design parameters are obtained. In an attempt
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5

Dobeš, Peter. "Calibration of TDR Test Probe for Measuring Moisture in the Body of the Railway Substructure and its Subgrade." Civil and Environmental Engineering 11, no. 2 (2015): 84–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cee-2015-0011.

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Abstract In the introduction of the paper there is characterized a way of monitoring the moisture in the railway substructure in the experimental stand, which is a part of the experimental workplace of the Department of Railway Engineering and Track Management. A substantial part of the paper is devoted to the calibration of TDR test probe for selected rock materials as a basic prerequisite for the determination of the actual moisture in the body of the railway substructure and subgrade.
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6

Lewandrowski, Tomasz, Paweł Muzolf, and Włodzimierz Idczak. "The approximate modelling of a “rail vehicle-railway track- substructure” system." Bulletin of the Military University of Technology 66, no. 2 (2017): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.1893.

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A system “railway vehicle–railway track–substructure” was analysed. Rails were modelled as the Bernoulii-Euler beams on an elastic foundation. Two load cases were considered a) static load from the train to the railway track, b) dynamic load from the train moving with the constant velocity. As a result, the fourth-order differential equation was obtained. Both, material data and operating parameters were determined by components of the equation. To solve this equation, the finite difference method was used. This method was described considering such matters as space step, time step, discretiza
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7

Haji Abdulrazagh, Parisa, and Michael T. Hendry. "Case study of use of falling weight deflectometer to investigate railway infrastructure constructed upon soft subgrades." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 53, no. 12 (2016): 1991–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0083.

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Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) testing was conducted along with embankment and subgrade sampling over 210 km (130 miles) of Canadian National Railway’s Lac La Biche Subdivision, which runs between Edmonton and Fort McMurray, as a part of a larger investigation of the line for increased axle loads. The resulting measurements were evaluated for their ability to identify soft subgrades. Two analyses were conducted to this end. First, the statistical distribution of peak deflections recorded by the FWD was investigated for different types of subgrade material. Second, the properties of track s
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8

Vukićević, Mirjana, Zdenka Popović, Jovan Despotović, and Luka Lazarević. "Fly ash and slag utilization for the Serbian railway substructure." Transport 33, no. 2 (2016): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2016.1252427.

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Approximately 7 million tons of fly ash and slag are produced in thermal power plants in Serbia every year, only 3% of which is used in the cement industry. About 300 million tons of the ash-slag mixture are disposed in landfills, occupying an area of approximately 1600 hectares and generating environmental issues. Fly ash from Serbian power plants has pozzolanic properties and due to low concentration of calcium compounds (less than 10% CaO), they do not have self-cementing properties. According to the ASTM C618-15, this ash is from class F. According to the European Standard EN 197-1:2011, t
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9

Lazarević, Luka, Dejan Vučković, Milica Vilotijević, and Zdenka Popović. "Application of seismic tomography for assessment of the railway substructure condition." Structural Health Monitoring 18, no. 3 (2018): 792–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921718774778.

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This article presents results obtained in the research conducted on railway infrastructure in Serbia, which aimed at prediction of substructure condition based on the analysis of track quality. It presents the results of seismic tomography application as non-destructive procedure for assessment of railway substructure condition. Track geometry quality was assessed according to analysis of longitudinal level data, which was recorded during regular track geometry inspections. Track section for application of seismic tomography was chosen on the basis of analysed track geometry data recorded duri
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10

Mosayebi, Seyed-Ali, Jabbar-Ali Zakeri, and Morteza Esmaeili. "Vehicle/track dynamic interaction considering developed railway substructure models." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 61, no. 6 (2017): 775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2017.61.6.775.

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11

Byun, Yong-Hoon, Won-Taek Hong, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Characterization of railway substructure using a hybrid cone penetrometer." Smart Structures and Systems 15, no. 4 (2015): 1085–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sss.2015.15.4.1085.

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12

Wang, Heng, Ling-Ling Zeng, Xia Bian, and Zhen-Shun Hong. "Train Moving Load-Induced Vertical Superimposed Stress at Ballasted Railway Tracks." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (February 21, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3428395.

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Ballasted railway track is an important factor that forms railway transportation over the world, which may face severe damage during operation due to the deterioration of the track ballast geometry. A practical method of evaluating train moving load-induced vertical superimposed stress in substructure by incorporating the effects of ballast characteristics and multilayered substructure is presented. The proposed method is validated by comparing with the field measurements compiled from the literature with the calculated value. It is found that the prediction accuracy of the proposed method is
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13

Jíra, Josef, Jitka Jírová, Michal Micka, and Jitka Řezníčková. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BEARING CAPACITY OF REINFORCED AND NON-REINFORCED RAILWAY EMBANKMENT." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 11 (August 28, 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2017.11.0022.

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A comparative analysis using the programme ANSYS (FEM) deals with the generation of the computation model and with the assessment of the influence of the geogrids and the vertical lime-cement columns on the bearing capacity and deformation of the railway embankment on the less load-bearing subsoil. The graphic outputs give an overview of the field layout of equivalent stresses and deformation in the construction of the railway substructure.
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14

Yusupov, Bekhzad, Yanjun Qiu, Galibjon Sharipov, and Chaoyang Wu. "Characterization of Vertical Response of Asphalt Trackbed Concrete in Railway Substructure to External Loads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2020 (March 13, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3578281.

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Optimizing the dynamic responses of a slab track system is a key aspect to improve the quality of a railway track structure. In this paper, numerical modelling and simulation of vertical dynamics of the railway track structure engaging the asphalt concrete in substructures were carried out. Thus, a 3D finite element (FE) model was developed. The developed model was validated by comparing its outputs, that is, acceleration with the measured ones from realistic experimental data. The good agreement between the simulated and measured data which resulted from the validation confirmed that the prop
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15

Popović, Zdenka, Luka Lazarević, Ljiljana Brajović, Milica Mićić, and Nikola Mirković. "Improvement recommendations for railway infrastructure maintenance." E3S Web of Conferences 157 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015701001.

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Based on the railway network performance, Infrastructure Manager is obligated to define the Maintenance plan for railway infrastructure, which contains corresponding values for intervention limits and alert limits. This paper considers vehicle response to track excitation due to the rail defect (code 2202 according to defect classification). It is indicated that theoretical models and acceleration measurements could be used to assess the quality of track geometry and ride comfort. The importance of early detection of irregularities of superstructure and substructure was emphasized. Moreover, t
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16

Montalbán, Laura, Julia Real, and Teresa Real. "Mechanical characterization of railway structures based on vertical stiffness analysis and railway substructure stress state." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 227, no. 1 (2012): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409712452348.

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17

Yoshida, Naoto, Kenichi Suzuki, and Shunichi Suzuki. "The replaced of substructure of railway viaduct in metropolitan areas." IABSE Symposium Report 102, no. 30 (2014): 847–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137814814067004.

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18

KONISHI, Junichi. "Substructure of Railway Bridges in Meiji Era-A historical Introduction." HISTORICAL STUDIES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING 15 (1995): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalhs1990.15.145.

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19

Yang, Yanxin, Jianlin Ma, and Yong Huang. "A WIRELESS RAILWAY MONITORING SYSTEM OF PROBLEMATIC SUBSTRUCTURE IN TUNNEL." Stavební obzor - Civil Engineering Journal 28, no. 2 (2019): 233–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/cej.2019.02.0019.

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20

Zhang, T. W., Y. J. Cui, F. Lamas-Lopez, N. Calon, and S. Costa D’Aguiar. "Modelling stress distribution in substructure of French conventional railway tracks." Construction and Building Materials 116 (July 2016): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.137.

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21

Guo, Wei, Chen Zeng, Xu Xie, and Dan Bu. "Pseudodynamic Hybrid Simulation of High-Speed Railway Bridge-Track System with Rotational Friction Damper." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 06 (2020): 2040014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420400143.

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This paper evaluates seismic performance of a three-span high-speed railway (HSR) simply supported bridge-track system equipped with multi-joints rotational friction damper (MRFD) using pseudodynamic hybrid simulation. In hybrid simulation, a simplified nonlinear model based on the reference of high-speed railway model is used as a numerical substructure. The experimental substructure is a rotational friction damper (RFD) specimen consisting of two rotational joints. The feedback-force of the RFD specimen is multiplied in different multiples to consider the different clamping force of MRFD wit
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22

Nie, Ru-song, Wu-ming Leng, Qi Yang, Yohchia F. Chen, and Fang Xu. "Comparison and evaluation of railway subgrade quality detection methods." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 2 (2016): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409716671551.

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Subgrade is a critical component of railway systems since it provides a stable platform for the track substructure. The implementation of quality assurance methods is very important during the construction of a new railway subgrade and in monitoring the working performance of operating railways. There are several indicators available to measure the compaction and mechanical performance of a completed subgrade system, including compaction degree ( K), porosity ( n), modulus of subgrade reaction ( K30), basic bearing capacity ([Formula: see text]), strain moduli ( Ev), dynamic modulus of deforma
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23

Stančík, Vojtěch, Pavel Ryjáček, and Miroslav Vokáč. "Thermal and load rate-dependent interaction between embedded rail system and bridge." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 3 (2018): 326–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718795092.

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Recent developments in the technology of a modern embedded rail system grant many new possibilities for improving the railway infrastructure. An embedded rail system significantly reduces noise and the dynamical impact affecting both the infrastructure and the rolling stock itself. An embedded rail system may be used for constructing any type of railway infrastructure including high-speed railways. Its attributes are also suitable for modernization of the current steel railway bridges or constructing new structures, where slender bridge decks are required. However, in a railway track equipped
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24

Fischer, S. "Investigation of effect of water content on railway granular supplementary layers." Naukovyi Visnyk Natsionalnoho Hirnychoho Universytetu, no. 3 (2021): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/nvngu/2021-3/064.

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Purpose. To determine the relationship between water content of continuously graded granular supplementary layers for railway substructure and their inner shear resistance and load bearing capacity. Methodology. Four different samples were produced as standard granular products from andesite. Two of them are common base courses for road construction in Hungary, the other two are common railway supplementary layers. The author performed laboratory measurements (multi-level shear box tests) that are adequate for the evaluation of inner shear resistance. The measurements of load bearing capacity
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25

Eller, B., and S. Fischer. "REVIEW OF THE MODERN BALLASTED RAILWAY TRACKS’ SUBSTRUCTURE AND FURTHER INVESTIGATIONS." Science and Transport Progress. Bulletin of Dnipropetrovsk National University of Railway Transport, no. 6(84) (December 18, 2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/stp2019/195831.

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26

Nielsen, Jens CO, Eric G. Berggren, Anders Hammar, Fredrik Jansson, and Rikard Bolmsvik. "Degradation of railway track geometry – Correlation between track stiffness gradient and differential settlement." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 1 (2018): 108–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718819581.

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Based on the track geometry car recordings performed from 1999 to 2016 on a section of the Swedish heavy haul line Malmbanan, the vertical track geometry degradation is analysed for wavelengths in the interval 1–25 m. The upper layer of the subgrade on parts of the rail section is peat (depths of up to 2 m), while it is moraine on others leading to a significant longitudinal variation in substructure stiffness. The degradation rates of irregularities in the longitudinal level and the influence of track maintenance (tamping) on the track geometry are studied. In parallel, a method for continuou
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27

Byun, Yong-Hoon, Won-Taek Hong, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Application of dynamic and static cone penetrometer for characterization of railway substructure." Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication 2, no. 46 (2016): 1628–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.kor-39.

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28

Bian, Xuecheng, Hongguang Jiang, and Yunmin Chen. "Preliminary Testing on High-speed Railway Substructure Due to Water Level Changes." Procedia Engineering 143 (2016): 769–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.124.

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29

Esmaeili, Morteza, and Payman Yousefi Mojir. "Substructure Nonlinear Effects on Sleeper Design Pressure in Heavy Haul Railway Tracks." Journal of Transportation Engineering 137, no. 9 (2011): 656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)te.1943-5436.0000264.

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30

Naeini, Mahdi, Alireza Mohammadinia, Arul Arulrajah, and Suksun Horpibulsuk. "Cyclic behavior of semi-rigid recovered plastic blends in railway track substructure." Transportation Geotechnics 28 (May 2021): 100514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2021.100514.

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31

Ali, Ayaanle Maxamed. "Manual RC Bridge Analysis and Designing." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 116–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug019.

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Bridges is a structure intended to carry the road traffic or other moving load to pass through the obstacles. The bridge may be roadway bridge, railway bridge,a canal, pipelines, etc. the main obstacles can be river, valley, and others.Bridges are very important in the modern roads and railway transportation system, generally serving as social infrastructure system. During constructing bridge there are three main components of the bridge, and they are (substructure, superstructure, bearing), etc. this study is concern about the manual analysis and design of the bridge, it’s built for the purpo
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32

Tian, Li, and Cong Zhu. "Numerical Simulation of Ship-bridge Collision Based on LS-DYNA Technique." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6230.

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A collision between a 2600 DWT oil tanker and the substructure of one railway continuous beam bridge is simulated using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. In the simulation, the dynamic interaction between the soil and piles is consideredthrough contact coupling algorithm and nodes sharing algorithm. The time history of ship collision force, penetration and velocity of the ship for the two different algorithms are presented, and relations of them are given. In addition, energy dissipation in every parts, deformation response and stress distribution of the substructure are analyzed in detail. The results indicate
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33

Su, Qian, Wei Jiang, Kai Jiang, Yu Jie Li, and Ling Ling Yang. "Nighttime Monitoring and Assessment Technology of Subgrade Settlement for Chengdu-Guanxian Line during Operation Period." Advanced Materials Research 742 (August 2013): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.742.13.

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The criterion for residual deformation of Substructure of ballasteless track on railway passenger dedicated line is extremely strict in order to satisfy the safety and comfort requirements of the high-speed train during operation period, urgent need to strengthen the ballastless track lines settlement deformation observation, prediction and assessment technology. Based on Chengdu-Guanxian line, this paper puts forward observation programs of subgrade settlement combined with the characteristics of Subgrade Settlement through the analysis of the influence factors of subgrade settlement deformat
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34

Ma, Weibin, Jinfei Chai, Zifeng Zhu, et al. "Research on Vibration Law of Railway Tunnel Substructure under Different Axle Loads and Health Conditions." Shock and Vibration 2021 (June 28, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9954098.

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In this paper, 25-ton and 27-ton axle heavy trucks are used to carry out moving loading and dynamic real vehicle test on the cracked section, the intact section, and the repaired section of a railway tunnel foundation to test the dynamic performance of the tunnel basement structure with the change of axle loads and health conditions. By analyzing the influence law of dynamic response and fatigue life of heavy haul train under different basement conditions (intact, damaged, and repaired), the adaptability of railway tunnel equipment to freight trucks axle load is clarified. The results show tha
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35

Chen, Ren-Peng, Han-Lin Wang, Peng-Yun Hong, Yu-Jun Cui, Shuai Qi, and Wei Cheng. "Effects of degree of compaction and fines content of the subgrade bottom layer on moisture migration in the substructure of high-speed railways." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 232, no. 4 (2017): 1197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409717710838.

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Moisture migration and distribution in the substructure are found to be the important reasons for water-related problems in high-speed railways. In this study, a numerical model of a double-line ballastless track-bed consisting of a substructure (subgrade surface layer, subgrade bottom layer and subsoil) and a superstructure (including two concrete bases right above the substructure) was established. The superstructure was considered as an impermeable boundary in this model, while two fissures were set at the joint edges of the left-line concrete base and the surface layer, simulating the infi
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36

Mehrali, Mohammad, Morteza Esmaeili, and Saeed Mohammadzadeh. "Application of data mining techniques for the investigation of track geometry and stiffness variation." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 5 (2019): 439–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719844885.

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Railway tracks are one of the most important national assets of many countries. The major part of the annual budget of railway companies concerns repairing, improving, and maintaining railway tracks, which is a challenge for railway managers. The logical method of repair and maintenance should take into account all the economic and technical aspects of the problem and proper management of track maintenance—without knowing the factors and parameters responsible for the track failure—quality control methods, and finally, the choice of the appropriate repair methods. Railway track geometry is the
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37

Berggren, Eric G., Amir M. Kaynia, and Björn Dehlbom. "Identification of substructure properties of railway tracks by dynamic stiffness measurements and simulations." Journal of Sound and Vibration 329, no. 19 (2010): 3999–4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.04.015.

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38

Duong, T. V., Y. J. Cui, A. M. Tang, et al. "Physical Model for Studying the Migration of Fine Particles in the Railway Substructure." Geotechnical Testing Journal 37, no. 5 (2014): 20130145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/gtj20130145.

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39

Liu, Yang, Zhen-dong Qian, Dong Zheng, and Qi-bo Huang. "Evaluation of epoxy asphalt-based concrete substructure for high-speed railway ballastless track." Construction and Building Materials 162 (February 2018): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.12.028.

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40

Punetha, Piyush, Sanjay Nimbalkar, and Hadi Khabbaz. "Simplified geotechnical rheological model for simulating viscoelasto‐plastic response of ballasted railway substructure." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics 45, no. 14 (2021): 2019–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.3254.

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41

Pazdera, Lubos, and Jaroslav Smutny. "Evaluation of the Railway Substructure in the Turnout with the Movable Frog by Help of Decomposition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 300–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.300.

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The aim of the paper is focused on the analysis of the stress measurement in the railway substructure in the turnout with the movable frog prototype designed for a high speed. The evaluations were compared the measurement and the results obtained with theoretical presumptions. The Discrete Wavelet Transformation for the decomposition of the stress measurement and its evaluation is described. Two sections in the turnout with the movable frog were used for the measurement and signal analysis.
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42

Sadeghi, J., and P. Barati. "Improvements of conventional methods in railway track analysis and design." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 37, no. 5 (2010): 675–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-010.

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The aim of this research is to improve the accuracy of conventional railway design methods by addressing the main track substructure parameters omitted in the current track design approach. Nonlinear and discrete properties of the track support system were studied and their influence on the calculation of railway design parameters was measured by conducting a field investigation and using finite element analysis. It was demonstrated that wheel loads and accumulative track loading are the key factors influencing nonlinear behavior of the track support system. Mathematical expressions were devel
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43

Wang, Hui, Guo Ding, Huan Tang, and Ling Kun Chen. "Numerical Seismic Analysis of Simply-Supported Girder Railway Bridge under High-Speed Train Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 80-81 (July 2011): 566–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.566.

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Along with rapid development of high-speed railway in many countries, recently research on seismic response of high-speed railway bridge under train load has raised much concern among researchers. The whole bridge finite element model is establish to analysis the seismic responses of simply-supported girder railway bridge subjected to high-speed train in this paper, ICE series high speed vehicle is employed as train live load, the vehicle is simulated by moving spring-mass system, The track irregularities can be obtained by Simpack software, the birdge incluing superstructure and substructure
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44

Sadri, Mehran, Tao Lu, Arjen Zoeteman, and Michaël Steenbergen. "Railway track design & degradation." MATEC Web of Conferences 211 (2018): 11006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201821111006.

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The long-term behaviour of railway track has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Improvements in long-term structural performance reduce demands for maintenance and increase the continuous availability of railway lines. The focus of this paper is on the prediction of the sensitivity of a track design to long-term deterioration in terms of track geometry. According to the state of the art literature, degradation is often investigated using empirical models based on field measurement data. Although a rough maintenance forecast may be made employing empirical models, the predictions a
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45

Pieš, Juraj, and Lenka Môcová. "Application of TDR Test Probe for Determination of Moisture Changes of Railway Substructure Materials." Transportation Research Procedia 40 (2019): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2019.07.013.

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46

MORIKAWA, Takashi, Tomoyuki DEURA, Makoto TANABE, and Hiroyuki OKUDA. "1403 A substructure-based transient acoustic analysis of railway structures to the impact load." Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2006.16 (2006): 96–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2006.16.96.

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47

Jiang, Hongguang, Xuecheng Bian, Yunmin Chen, and Jie Han. "Impact of Water Level Rise on the Behaviors of Railway Track Structure and Substructure." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2476, no. 1 (2015): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2476-03.

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48

Giannakos, Konstantinos. "Design Loads on Railway Substructure: Sensitivity Analysis of the Influence of the Fastening Stiffness." International Journal of Railway 7, no. 2 (2014): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7782/ijr.2014.7.2.46.

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49

Duong, Trong Vinh, Yu-Jun Cui, Anh Minh Tang, Jean-Claude Dupla, and Nicolas Calon. "Effect of fine particles on the hydraulic behavior of interlayer soil in railway substructure." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 51, no. 7 (2014): 735–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2013-0170.

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Abstract:
The conventional railway substructure in France was built by emplacing ballast directly on subgrade. Over years of operation, the interpenetration of ballast and subgrade created a soil layer between them. Under different conditions, this naturally formed layer, namely interlayer, can contain different quantities of fine particles, becoming more or less sensitive to changes in water content. As the water content changes are governed by the hydraulic behavior of the interlayer soil, assessing the influence of fine particle content on the hydraulic behavior of interlayer soil is of importance. T
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Shi, Hui, Zujun Yu, Hongmei Shi, and Liqiang Zhu. "Recognition algorithm for the disengagement of cement asphalt mortar based on dynamic responses of vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 233, no. 3 (2018): 270–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409718794018.

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Disengagement of emulsified cement asphalt mortar will increase the dynamic action between the vehicle and the track; as a consequence, the rate of cement asphalt mortar disengagement will increase further. This is a serious threat for the safe operation of high-speed railways and the service life of rail equipment. In this study, a vertical coupled model for the vehicle–China Railway Track System II-type slab track with cement asphalt disengagement was established. The cement asphalt mortar was divided into units in order to simulate the arbitrary length of disengagement. Under different cond
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