Academic literature on the topic 'Rain and rainfall'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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Yao, Christian, Modeste Kacou, Ehouman Serge Koffi, Amidou Dao, Clément Dutremble, Maurice Guilliod, Bamory Kamagaté, et al. "Rainfall risk over the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire): first contribution of the joint analysis of daily rainfall from a historical record and a recent network of rain gauges." Proceedings of IAHS 385 (April 18, 2024): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-259-2024.

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Abstract. Every year, rains cause material damage and human losses, in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). The objective of this study is to contribute to the characterization of the rain hazard in the District of Abidjan. The available data are made up of daily rainfall from a historical station “Abidjan airport” (1961–2014) and an academic network of rain gauges (21) progressively implemented in Abidjan since 2015. A descriptive analysis (date of occurrence, rainfall depth, mean wet days intensity and number of rainy days) on the Highest Cumulative Rainfall Periods (HCRP: 60 d) is conducted on the long
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Palharini, Rayana, Daniel Vila, Daniele Rodrigues, Rodrigo Palharini, Enrique Mattos, and Eduardo Undurraga. "Analysis of Extreme Rainfall and Natural Disasters Events Using Satellite Precipitation Products in Different Regions of Brazil." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101680.

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The number of natural disasters triggered by extreme events is increasing worldwide and significantly impacts modern society. Extreme rainfall is one of the most important factors contributing to these events. A better understanding of the physical process that causes extreme rainfall can allow rapid responses from decision-makers to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the local population. Satellite monitoring is widely used for this purpose and is essential for regions where terrestrial observations are limited or non-existent. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the perfo
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Hidayati, Nurul, SB Soeryamassoeka, and Henny Herawati. "RAINFALL ANALYSIS FOR CREATING INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY (IDF) CURVE OF PONTIANAK CITY." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 23, no. 4 (November 28, 2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v23i4.66810.

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Pontianak is a lowland area prone to flooding if it rains with high rainfall intensity. Analysis of the planned flood discharge is needed to overcome the flood problem. The design flood discharge analysis can be calculated using the rational method, which requires rain intensity data in terms of duration and frequency, which can be described as an IDF curve.This research was conducted by calculating the average daily maximum rainfall after conducting consistency and homogeneity tests on the rainfall data used and determining the selected distribution based on the results of statistical paramet
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Kim, Min-Seong, and Byung Kwon. "Rainfall Detection and Rainfall Rate Estimation Using Microwave Attenuation." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080287.

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Eight microwave links operating at frequencies ranging from 6 to 8 GHz and with path lengths ranging from 5.7 to 37.4 km traversing the city of Seoul, Korea are used to detect rainfall and estimate path-averaged rainfall rates. Rainfall detection using rain-induced attenuation (dB) was validated by rain detectors installed at automatic weather stations, and the results confirmed that microwave links can be used to detect rainfall with an accuracy ≥80%. The power-law R-k relationships between rain-induced specific attenuation, k (dB km−1), and the rainfall rate, R (mm h−1), were established and
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Subiyanti, Hesti, Ahmad Rifa’i, and Rachmad Jayadi. "Analisis Kelongsoran Lereng Akibat Pengaruh Tekanan Air Pori di Saluran Induk Kalibawang Kulonprogo." Semesta Teknika 14, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v14i1.566.

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During rainy seasons, landslide occurs every year in Talang Bawong, Kalibawang Irrigation Channel thatcan damage houses, school building, bridge and the channel. Considering this fact, a numerical analysis by modeling the slope at the site was conducted. The objectives of this research were to identify the rain characteristic in the research site and to recognize its influence towards the change of water pressure in soil as well as the slope failure. The input data of this analysis were slope topography, physical and mechanical properties of soil applied. Groundwater flow in the slope model wa
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Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: a lesson learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1-2013.

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Abstract. Hydrological models for runoff estimations and flash-flood predictions are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires improving our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges, containing 27 gauges covering an area of about 4 km2, was installed near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncerta
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Fernández-Alvarez, José C., Albenis Pérez-Alarcon, Alfo J. Batista-Leyva, and Oscar Díaz-Rodríguez. "Evaluation of Precipitation Forecast of System: Numerical Tools for Hurricane Forecast." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815949.

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Heavy rainfall events, typically associated with tropical cyclones (TCs), provoke intense flooding, consequently causing severe losses to life and property. Therefore, the amount and distribution of rain associated with TCs must be forecasted precisely within a reasonable time to guarantee the protection of lives and goods. In this study, the skill of the Numerical Tool for Hurricane Forecast (NTHF) for determining rainfall pattern, average rainfall, rainfall volume, and extreme amounts of rain observed during TCs is evaluated against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. A sample c
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Hartono, Hartono, Farzand Abdullatif, Sugito Sugito, and Zaroh Irayani. "Design of Turbine-Based Rain Measurement System." Jurnal Teras Fisika 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jtf.2018.1.1.359.

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Rain measurement systems have significantly developed. In this work, a novel modification to commonly used rain measurement systems is developed. It comprises a turbine with an infrared sensor to detect its rotation. The design of the rainfall collecting funnel refers to that of general use. The prototype of the design has been characterized with an artificial rainfall, namely continuously flowing water kept at a certain debit. For characterization purpose, the water debit is gradually changed to simulate variations in rainfalls. Important results based on the characterization are threshold va
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Bridger, Nguyen, and Chiao. "Developing Spatially Accurate Rainfall Predictions for the San Francisco Bay Area through Case Studies of Atmospheric River and other Synoptic Events." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090541.

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Rainfall patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) are highly influenced by local topography. It has been a forecasting challenge for the main US forecast models. This study investigates the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve upon forecasts, with particular emphasis on the rain shadow common to the southern end of the SFBA. Three rain events were evaluated: a mid-season atmospheric river (AR) event with copious rains; a typical non-AR frontal passage rain event; and an area-wide rain event in which zero rain was recorded in the southern SFBA. The results
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Barszcz, Mariusz Paweł. "Ocena przydatności disdrometru laserowego i radaru meteorologicznego do szacowania wielkości opadów deszczu = Assessment of the suitability of the laser disdrometer and meteorological radar for rainfall estimation." Przegląd Geograficzny 94, no. 4 (2022): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2022.4.3.

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Measurements of precipitation conducted at the WULS-SGGW meteorological station in Warsaw in 2012-2014 and 2019-2020 using a tipping-bucket rain gauge and the laser disdrometer (Parsivel) as well as data obtained from the meteorological radar allowed to collect data enabling the assessment of the usefulness of the disdrometer and radar for estimating rainfalls. The data for the entire study period were used for analysis the correlation relationship between the 24-hour rainfall depths estimated on the basis of the rain gauge and the disdrometer. From the data set for the years 2012-2014, 21 ind
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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To, Chun-hung. "Stochastic model of daily rainfall." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976098.

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Loong, Man-chun. "An investigation of the rainfall in Hong Kong in the past forty years." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31976049.

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Faridhosseini, Alireza. "Evaluation of Summer Rainfall Estimation by Satellite Data using the ANN Model for the GCM Subgrid Distribution." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0021_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Seed, Alan William. "Statistical problems in measuring convective rainfall." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74251.

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Simulations based on a month of radar data from Florida, and a summer of radar data from Nelspruit, South Africa, were used to quantify the errors in the measurement of mean areal rainfall which arise simply as a result of the extreme variability of convective rainfall, even with perfect remote sensing instruments. The raingauge network measurement errors were established for random and regular network configurations using daily and monthly radar-rainfall accumulations over large areas. A relationship to predict the measurement error for mean areal rainfall using sparse networks as a function
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Welles, Edwin. "Comparison of rainfall sampling schemes using a calibrated Stochastic Rainfall Generator." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0062_m_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Lau, Wai-hin. "Stochastic analysis of monthly rainfall in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1991. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13028315.

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Michaud, Jene Diane. "RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELING OF FLASH FLOODS IN SEMI-ARID WATERSHEDS." Department of Hydrology and Water Resources, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614156.

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Flash floods caused by localized thunderstorms are a natural hazard of the semi -arid Southwest, and many communities have responded by installing ALERT flood forecasting systems. This study explored a rainfall- runoff modeling approach thought to be appropriate for forecasting in such watersheds. The kinematic model KINEROS was evaluated because it is a distributed model developed specifically for desert regions, and can be applied to basins without historic data. This study examined the accuracy of KINEROS under data constraints that are typical of semi -arid ALERT watersheds. The mo
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To, Chun-hung, and 杜振雄. "Stochastic model of daily rainfall." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976098.

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Loong, Man-chun, and 龍文俊. "An investigation of the rainfall in Hong Kong in the past forty years." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31976049.

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Tian, Daquan. "Rainfall spatial and seasonal variability analysis in semi-arid watersheds." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1993. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_etd_hy0256_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Books on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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Reed, Teresa. Rain, rain, go away. New York, N.Y: Aladdin Paperbacks, 1996.

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Laser, Michael. The rain. New York: Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers, 1997.

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Kelly, Andrew. Rain. [Santa Rosa, CA]: SRA, 1994.

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Donald, Crews, ed. Rain. New York: Scholastic Inc., 1993.

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Hernandez, Christopher. Rain. New York: Scholastic, 2012.

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Dineen, Jacqueline. Rain. New York: Bookwright Press, 1989.

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Pat, Robson, ed. Rain. Harlow: Longman, 1985.

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Ruiz, Andrés Llamas. Rain. New York: Sterling Pub., 1996.

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ill, Narahashi Keiko, ed. Rain talk. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 1990.

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ill, Narahashi Keiko, ed. Rain talk. New York: Aladdin Books, 1993.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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Bandara, H. A. A. I. S., and Ryo Onishi. "High Resolution Numerical Weather Simulation for Orographic Precipitation as an Accurate Early Warning Tool for Landslide Vulnerable Terrains." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, 239–46. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44296-4_11.

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AbstractAccurate early warning for rain-induced landslides is still challenging due to regional and local variations of rainfall prediction due to low accuracy, and resolution. The “Multi-Scale Simulator for the Geoenvironment (MSSG)” system, developed by the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Waseda University allows for high-resolution simulations and seamless modeling of weather and climate interactions, and employs advanced meteorological aspects.MSSG simulations compared with rainfall data recorded in the Aranayaka automated rain gauge for past events, including the devastating landslide in 2016. The simulations achieved satisfactory results in reproducing rainfall events. Higher-resolution simulations exhibited higher maximum rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall accumulation. This study emphasizes the importance of considering finer scales in meteorological simulations to effectively capture the intricate variations associated with extreme rainfall events. This study places significant emphasis on the importance of considering finer scales in meteorological simulations in order to confirm the necessity of high resolutions to capture the temporal and spatial variations of orographic rainfall.
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Krajewski, Witold F. "Cokriging Radar-Rainfall and Rain Gage Data." In Collected Reprint Series, 9571–80. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118782071.ch4.

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Tamaki, Motonori, Takatoshi Hiraki, Yoshihiro Nakagawa, Tomiki Kobayashi, Masahide Aikawa, and Mitsuru Shoga. "Study on Sampling Method of Rainfall, Throughfall, and Stemflow to Monitor the Effect of Acid Deposition on Forest Ecosystem." In Acid rain 2000, 1511–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0810-5_99.

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Huntley, Brian John. "Solar Energy, Temperature and Rainfall." In Ecology of Angola, 95–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18923-4_5.

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AbstractThe climatic forces that determine Angola’s biodiversity and ecosystem patterns (and all life forms on Earth) are based on the energy that comes from the Sun. This chapter examines the concepts and functioning of solar radiation and photosynthesis, the basis of primary production. Strong seasonality of temperature and rainfall and their variation across latitude and altitude result in the diversity of Angola biomes, including Guineo-congolian lowland rain forest, Afromontane forest, mesic savanna, arid savanna, desert and mangrove biomes. Driving the climatic gradients are the oceanic and atmospheric systems, dominated in the north by the Intertropical Convergence Zone and in the south by the South Atlantic and Botswana Anticyclones. The physical processes driving these systems are described, and the local influences of maritime, continental, altitudinal and aspect factors that account for subtle changes from one ecoregion to the next are illustrated graphically and statistically. The recent impacts of El Niño events are described and the anticipated impacts of climate change on Angola are outlined.
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Konagai, Kazuo, Asiri Karunawardena, Kithsiri N. Bandara, Kyoji Sassa, Ryo Onishi, Ryosuke Uzuoka, Shiho Asano, Katsuo Sasahara, Sanchitha Jayakody, and Imaya Ariyarathna. "Early Warning System Against Rainfall-Induced Landslide in Sri Lanka." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 1, 2022, 217–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16898-7_16.

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AbstractBased on solid evidence, scientists attribute the global warming trend observed since the mid-twentieth century to the human expansion of the “greenhouse effect.” Extreme rainfall events have become more frequent worldwide, resulting in hydro-meteorological hazards creating more deaths and devastation. One of the most remarkable disasters of rain-induced rapid long-traveling landslides (RRLL) in Sri Lanka took place at Aranayake, 70 km east of Colombo, in 2016 (JICA Survey Team (2016), Survey results of Aranayake Disaster, JICA. URL: https://www.jica.go.jp/srilanka/english/office/topics/c8h0vm00006ufwhl-att/160720.pdf [Last accessed: April 14, 2020]). The fluidized landslide mass ran over an about 2 km distance claiming the lives of 125 people. This tragic event highlighted the importance of reliable early warning and disaster management mechanisms even more than ever because the presence of these hidden unstable soil masses, as well as their run-out distances, are hardly predicted. Once they start sliding, it is almost impossible to stop them. Since 2020 (after the preceding period of 2019), both the National Building Research Organization, Sri Lanka (NBRO) and the International Consortium on Landslides (ICL) have jointly started a new 5-year research project, “Development of early warning technology of Rain-induced Rapid and Long-travelling Landslides (Project RRLL),” within the framework of SATREPS. SATREPS, standing for “Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development,” is a Japanese government program promoting international joint research. This article reports on the outline of the project, including its background, goals, plans of plots for developing critical technologies for the early warning system, etc.
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Smith, Eric A., and Throy D. Hollis. "Performance Evaluation of Level-2 TRMM Rain Profile Algorithms by Intercomparison and Hypothesis Testing." In Cloud Systems, Hurricanes, and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), 207–22. Boston, MA: American Meteorological Society, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-878220-63-9_19.

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Choudhury, Biswajit, and Anil Kumar Kar. "Rain-Gauge Network Design and Rainfall Estimation—Case Study of Odisha Basins." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 537–46. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9147-9_43.

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Perales, Javier, Gianpierre Zapata, and Carlos Raymundo. "Energy Model Based on Fluvial Rainfall for the Rural Population with Torrential Rain." In Proceedings of the 4th Brazilian Technology Symposium (BTSym'18), 171–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16053-1_16.

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Shiba, S., R. Ito, and T. Sueishi. "Effect of Rainfall Intensity on Acid Rain Formation by Absorption of Sulfur Dioxide." In Water Pollution: Modelling, Measuring and Prediction, 735–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3694-5_51.

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Hakim, Bachir, Etsouri Salim, Smadhi Dalila, and Semar Ahcène. "Representation of Rainfall in Regions with a Low Distribution of Rain Gauging Stations." In Climate Change, Natural Resources and Sustainable Environmental Management, 262–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04375-8_30.

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Conference papers on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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Kunhikrishnan, P. K., M. R. Sivaraman, N. V. P. Kiran Kumar, and Denny Alappatu. "Rain Observations with Micro Rain Radar (MRR) over a Tropical Station." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767024.

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Rajasekhar, M., B. V. Appa Rao, A. K. Ghosh, U. Abdul Rahim, K. Prakasam, and G. V. Rama. "Heavy Rain Rate Characteristics over Sriharikota." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767015.

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Roy, Surendra Kr, Santosh Kr Jha, and Lallan Jha. "Theoretical Analysis of Rain Attenuation Probability." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767035.

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Suresh, S. "Short Term Rain Prediction For Sustainability of Tanks in the Tropic Influenced by Shadow Rains." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767021.

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Zrnic, Dusan S. "Rain Characteristic Revealed with the Polarimetric Radar." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767010.

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Maheskumar, R. S., S. B. Morwal, and R. Vijayakumar. "A Micro Rain Radar for Precipitation Characterization." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767041.

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KIM, Jaekwang. "Seasonal Heavy Rain Forecasting Method." In 2nd International Conference on Soft Computing, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning (SAIM 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111002.

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In this study, we study the technique for predicting heavy / non-rain rainfall after 6 hours from the present using the values of the weather attributes. Through this study, we investigated whether each attribute value is influenced by a specific pattern of weather maps representing heavy and non-heavy rains or seasonally when making heavy / non-heavy forecasts. For the experiment, a 20-year cumulative weather map was learned with Support Vector Machine (SVM) and tested using a set of correct answers for heavy rain and heavy rain. As a result of the experiment, it was found that the heavy rain
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Rao, S. Vijaya Bhaskara. "Rain Attenuation Studies in Tropics — A Critical Review." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767013.

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Amitai, Eyal. "Studying Rain Rate from Space and Ground Observations." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767009.

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Sinha, R., and A. Kumar. "Study of Radio Wave Attenuation by Rain Drops." In INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON RAINFALL RATE AND RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION (ISRR '07). AIP, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2767032.

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Reports on the topic "Rain and rainfall"

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Rivera-Giboyeaux, Arelis. RADAR DERIVED RAINFALL AND RAIN GAUGE MEASUREMENTS AT SRS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1602977.

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Downing, W. Logan, Howell Li, William T. Morgan, Cassandra McKee, and Darcy M. Bullock. Using Probe Data Analytics for Assessing Freeway Speed Reductions during Rain Events. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317350.

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Rain impacts roadways such as wet pavement, standing water, decreased visibility, and wind gusts and can lead to hazardous driving conditions. This study investigates the use of high fidelity Doppler data at 1 km spatial and 2-minute temporal resolution in combination with commercial probe speed data on freeways. Segment-based space-mean speeds were used and drops in speeds during rainfall events of 5.5 mm/hour or greater over a one-month period on a section of four to six-lane interstate were assessed. Speed reductions were evaluated as a time series over a 1-hour window with the rain data. T
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Douglas, Thomas, Merritt Turetsky, and Charles Koven. Increased rainfall stimulates permafrost thaw across a variety of Interior Alaskan boreal ecosystems. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41050.

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Earth’s high latitudes are projected to experience warmer and wetter summers in the future but ramifications for soil thermal processes and permafrost thaw are poorly understood. Here we present 2750 end of summer thaw depths representing a range of vegetation characteristics in Interior Alaska measured over a 5-year period. This included the top and third wettest summers in the 91-year record and three summers with precipitation close to mean historical values. Increased rainfall led to deeper thaw across all sites with an increase of 0.7 ± 0.1 cm of thaw per cm of additional rain. Disturbed
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Charley, William J. The Estimation of Rainfall for Flood Forecasting Using Radar and Rain Gage Data. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada200802.

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Wagner, Anna, Christopher Hiemstra, Glen Liston, Katrina Bennett, Dan Cooley, and Arthur Gelvin. Changes in climate and its effect on timing of snowmelt and intensity-duration-frequency curves. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41402.

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Snow is a critical water resource for much of the U.S. and failure to account for changes in climate could deleteriously impact military assets. In this study, we produced historical and future snow trends through modeling at three military sites (in Washington, Colorado, and North Dakota) and the Western U.S. For selected rivers, we performed seasonal trend analysis of discharge extremes. We calculated flood frequency curves and estimated the probability of occurrence of future annual maximum daily rainfall depths. Additionally, we generated intensity-duration-frequency curves (IDF) to find r
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Brewer, K. D. Water level data from the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility (2019-2021), Ottawa, Ontario. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330087.

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The Geological Survey of Canada's deep borehole test site at the Bells Corners Borehole Calibration Facility in Ottawa, Ontario, has been in use since the 1980's for the development and calibration of geophysical logging instrumentation. In more recent times, the need for monitored deep borehole sites in Canada is increasingly important for long-term research into groundwater flow through fractured bedrock, and surface to groundwater interaction. In 2019, the facility underwent repairs to reopen deep boreholes, replace surface casings, and install atmospheric monitoring equipment. This report
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Agassi, Menahem, Michael J. Singer, Eyal Ben-Dor, Naftaly Goldshleger, Donald Rundquist, Dan Blumberg, and Yoram Benyamini. Developing Remote Sensing Based-Techniques for the Evaluation of Soil Infiltration Rate and Surface Roughness. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7586479.bard.

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The objective of this one-year project was to show whether a significant correlation can be established between the decreasing infiltration rate of the soil, during simulated rainstorm, and a following increase in the reflectance of the crusting soil. The project was supposed to be conducted under laboratory conditions, using at least three types of soils from each country. The general goal of this work was to develop a method for measuring the soil infiltration rate in-situ, solely from the reflectance readings, using a spectrometer. Loss of rain and irrigation water from cultivated fields is
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Rantanen, Mika, Kimmo Ruosteenoja, Sanna Luhtala, Meri Virman, Havu Pellikka, Suraj Polade, Reija Ruuhela, and Anna Luomaranta. Ilmastonmuutos pääkaupunkiseudulla. Finnish Meteorological Institute, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361737.

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Greenhouse gas emissions caused by human activity have already warmed the climate of Earth by more than one degree. Significant changes have been observed e.g. in the intensity of heatwaves and heavy rainfall. Future climate change depends on human emissions, but it is likely that the global mean temperature still rises by another 1–2 degrees by the end of this century. The ongoing global warming is already visible in the climate of the capital region. Many of the observed changes are consistent with what human-caused intensification of the greenhouse effect will bring. During the past 60 year
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Näslund-Hadley, Emma, María Clara Ramos, Juan Roberto Paredes, Ángela Bolivar, and Gustavo Wilches-Chaux. Our Climate is Changing. Inter-American Development Bank, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006273.

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People used to take the weather and climate for granted -butnot anymore! They are both now studied intensively by scientists and discussed by celebrities and newscasters as they become increasingly important to our own daily lives. Every place on Earth has a climate. A climate includes factors that remain fairly constant for at least 30 years, such as temperature, humidity, the amount of water present in the air, and rainfall. The region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is called the intertropical (or equatorial) region. This is Earth's "waist" where there are no season
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Valencia-Amaya, Mauricio G., and Dolores de la Mata. The Health Impacts of Severe Climate Shocks in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011649.

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This paper studies the link between severe weather shocks in Colombia and municipality-level incidence of dengue and malaria. The unexpectedly high variability of the 2010 rainfalls relative to previous periods and their regional heterogeneity are exploited as an identification strategy. A differences-indifferences DD) strategy is thereby implemented where the period 2007-2009 is defined as the pre-treatment period and 2010-2011 as the post-treatment period. The treatment group is all municipalities that experienced higher intra-year rain variability in 2010 than in 2007-2009. The results from
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