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Journal articles on the topic 'Rain and rainfall'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

Yao, Christian, Modeste Kacou, Ehouman Serge Koffi, Amidou Dao, Clément Dutremble, Maurice Guilliod, Bamory Kamagaté, et al. "Rainfall risk over the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire): first contribution of the joint analysis of daily rainfall from a historical record and a recent network of rain gauges." Proceedings of IAHS 385 (April 18, 2024): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-385-259-2024.

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Abstract. Every year, rains cause material damage and human losses, in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire). The objective of this study is to contribute to the characterization of the rain hazard in the District of Abidjan. The available data are made up of daily rainfall from a historical station “Abidjan airport” (1961–2014) and an academic network of rain gauges (21) progressively implemented in Abidjan since 2015. A descriptive analysis (date of occurrence, rainfall depth, mean wet days intensity and number of rainy days) on the Highest Cumulative Rainfall Periods (HCRP: 60 d) is conducted on the long

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Palharini, Rayana, Daniel Vila, Daniele Rodrigues, Rodrigo Palharini, Enrique Mattos, and Eduardo Undurraga. "Analysis of Extreme Rainfall and Natural Disasters Events Using Satellite Precipitation Products in Different Regions of Brazil." Atmosphere 13, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13101680.

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The number of natural disasters triggered by extreme events is increasing worldwide and significantly impacts modern society. Extreme rainfall is one of the most important factors contributing to these events. A better understanding of the physical process that causes extreme rainfall can allow rapid responses from decision-makers to lessen the impact of natural disasters on the local population. Satellite monitoring is widely used for this purpose and is essential for regions where terrestrial observations are limited or non-existent. The primary purpose of this study is to describe the perfo

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Hidayati, Nurul, SB Soeryamassoeka, and Henny Herawati. "RAINFALL ANALYSIS FOR CREATING INTENSITY-DURATION-FREQUENCY (IDF) CURVE OF PONTIANAK CITY." Jurnal Teknik Sipil 23, no. 4 (November 28, 2023): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/jts.v23i4.66810.

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Pontianak is a lowland area prone to flooding if it rains with high rainfall intensity. Analysis of the planned flood discharge is needed to overcome the flood problem. The design flood discharge analysis can be calculated using the rational method, which requires rain intensity data in terms of duration and frequency, which can be described as an IDF curve.This research was conducted by calculating the average daily maximum rainfall after conducting consistency and homogeneity tests on the rainfall data used and determining the selected distribution based on the results of statistical paramet

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Kim, Min-Seong, and Byung Kwon. "Rainfall Detection and Rainfall Rate Estimation Using Microwave Attenuation." Atmosphere 9, no. 8 (July 24, 2018): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9080287.

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Eight microwave links operating at frequencies ranging from 6 to 8 GHz and with path lengths ranging from 5.7 to 37.4 km traversing the city of Seoul, Korea are used to detect rainfall and estimate path-averaged rainfall rates. Rainfall detection using rain-induced attenuation (dB) was validated by rain detectors installed at automatic weather stations, and the results confirmed that microwave links can be used to detect rainfall with an accuracy ≥80%. The power-law R-k relationships between rain-induced specific attenuation, k (dB km−1), and the rainfall rate, R (mm h−1), were established and

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Subiyanti, Hesti, Ahmad Rifa’i, and Rachmad Jayadi. "Analisis Kelongsoran Lereng Akibat Pengaruh Tekanan Air Pori di Saluran Induk Kalibawang Kulonprogo." Semesta Teknika 14, no. 1 (December 16, 2015): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/st.v14i1.566.

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During rainy seasons, landslide occurs every year in Talang Bawong, Kalibawang Irrigation Channel thatcan damage houses, school building, bridge and the channel. Considering this fact, a numerical analysis by modeling the slope at the site was conducted. The objectives of this research were to identify the rain characteristic in the research site and to recognize its influence towards the change of water pressure in soil as well as the slope failure. The input data of this analysis were slope topography, physical and mechanical properties of soil applied. Groundwater flow in the slope model wa

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Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: a lesson learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 1 (January 2, 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-1-2013.

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Abstract. Hydrological models for runoff estimations and flash-flood predictions are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires improving our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges, containing 27 gauges covering an area of about 4 km2, was installed near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncerta

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7

Fernández-Alvarez, José C., Albenis Pérez-Alarcon, Alfo J. Batista-Leyva, and Oscar Díaz-Rodríguez. "Evaluation of Precipitation Forecast of System: Numerical Tools for Hurricane Forecast." Advances in Meteorology 2020 (August 5, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8815949.

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Heavy rainfall events, typically associated with tropical cyclones (TCs), provoke intense flooding, consequently causing severe losses to life and property. Therefore, the amount and distribution of rain associated with TCs must be forecasted precisely within a reasonable time to guarantee the protection of lives and goods. In this study, the skill of the Numerical Tool for Hurricane Forecast (NTHF) for determining rainfall pattern, average rainfall, rainfall volume, and extreme amounts of rain observed during TCs is evaluated against Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) data. A sample c

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8

Hartono, Hartono, Farzand Abdullatif, Sugito Sugito, and Zaroh Irayani. "Design of Turbine-Based Rain Measurement System." Jurnal Teras Fisika 1, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jtf.2018.1.1.359.

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Rain measurement systems have significantly developed. In this work, a novel modification to commonly used rain measurement systems is developed. It comprises a turbine with an infrared sensor to detect its rotation. The design of the rainfall collecting funnel refers to that of general use. The prototype of the design has been characterized with an artificial rainfall, namely continuously flowing water kept at a certain debit. For characterization purpose, the water debit is gradually changed to simulate variations in rainfalls. Important results based on the characterization are threshold va

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Bridger, Nguyen, and Chiao. "Developing Spatially Accurate Rainfall Predictions for the San Francisco Bay Area through Case Studies of Atmospheric River and other Synoptic Events." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090541.

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Rainfall patterns in the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) are highly influenced by local topography. It has been a forecasting challenge for the main US forecast models. This study investigates the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to improve upon forecasts, with particular emphasis on the rain shadow common to the southern end of the SFBA. Three rain events were evaluated: a mid-season atmospheric river (AR) event with copious rains; a typical non-AR frontal passage rain event; and an area-wide rain event in which zero rain was recorded in the southern SFBA. The results

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Barszcz, Mariusz Paweł. "Ocena przydatności disdrometru laserowego i radaru meteorologicznego do szacowania wielkości opadów deszczu = Assessment of the suitability of the laser disdrometer and meteorological radar for rainfall estimation." Przegląd Geograficzny 94, no. 4 (2022): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2022.4.3.

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Measurements of precipitation conducted at the WULS-SGGW meteorological station in Warsaw in 2012-2014 and 2019-2020 using a tipping-bucket rain gauge and the laser disdrometer (Parsivel) as well as data obtained from the meteorological radar allowed to collect data enabling the assessment of the usefulness of the disdrometer and radar for estimating rainfalls. The data for the entire study period were used for analysis the correlation relationship between the 24-hour rainfall depths estimated on the basis of the rain gauge and the disdrometer. From the data set for the years 2012-2014, 21 ind

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Naves, Juan, Jose Anta, Joaquín Suárez, and Jerónimo Puertas. "Development and Calibration of a New Dripper-Based Rainfall Simulator for Large-Scale Sediment Wash-Off Studies." Water 12, no. 1 (January 4, 2020): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010152.

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Rainfall simulators are useful tools for controlling the main variables that govern natural rainfall. In this study, a new drop-forming rainfall simulator, which consists of pressure-compensating dripper grids above a horizontal mesh that breaks and distributes raindrops, was developed to be applied in wash-off experiments in a large-scale physical model of 36 m2. The mesh typology and size, and its distance to drippers, were established through a calibration where rain uniformity and distributions of raindrop sizes and velocities were compared with local natural rainfall. Finally, the rain pr

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Burt, P. J. A., J. Colvin, and S. M. Smith. "Remote sensing of rainfall by satellite as an aid to Oedaleus senegalensis (Orthoptera: Acrididae) control in the Sahel." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 4 (December 1995): 455–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300032922.

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AbstractThe Senegalese grasshopper, Oedaleus senegalensis (Krauss) (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a major grasshopper pest of subsistence crops in the West African Sahel. In northern Mali, O. senegalensis spends the dry season in the egg stage in the soil and eclosion is triggered by the first rains which usually occur in May and June. Satellite imagery potentially enables rainfall, and hense O. senegalensis eclosion, to be monitored over much wider areas than those possible for ground-based observers. In 1990 and 1991, rain-gauge networks were set up at Mourdiah, northern Mali, and for each stor

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Xiang, Wen, Guang Fan Li, and Yan Rong Li. "Hainan Tropical Rainforest Landslide Analysis and Prevention Measures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 648–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.648.

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By Hainan tropical rainforest area geology, physiognomy, the characteristics of climate, tropical rain forest complex typhoon heavy rainfall weather conditions, and the characteristic of the tropical rainforest landslide occurred, researching and analyzing the relationship of among tropical rainforest landslide, tropical rain forest vegetation destruction the relationship ,the heavy rainfall and human engineering activities. Summed up the vegetation destruction, heavy rains and engineering activities of the three factors of coupling is the most important characteristics of tropical rain forest

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14

Reiser, H., and H. Kutiel. "The rainfall regime and its uncertainty in Valencia and Larnaca." Advances in Geosciences 12 (August 27, 2007): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-12-101-2007.

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Abstract. The Most Expected Rainfall Regime – MERR in a certain region is composed of various parameters regarding the annual rainfall regime in that region. The present study examines several parameters of the MERR, such as: the rainfall TOTAL, the Date of Accumulated Percentage-DAP, the Rainy Season Length-RSL, the Number of Rain-Spells-NRS, the Rain-Spell Yield-RSY, the ratio between Average and Median rainfall-AMED, the relationship between accumulated precipitation and the number of rain-spells and the Dry-Spell Distribution-DSD. Two stations at the two sides of the Mediterranean basin, V

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15

Molina-Sanchis, Isabel, Roberto Lázaro, Eva Arnau-Rosalén, and Adolfo Calvo-Cases. "Rainfall timing and runoff: The influence of the criterion for rain event separation." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 226–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2016-0024.

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Abstract Rain is not uniform in time and space in semiarid areas and its distribution is very important for the runoff process. Hydrological studies usually divide rainfall into events. However, defining rain events is complicated, and rain characteristics vary depending on how the events are delimited. Choosing a minimum inter-event time (MIT) is a commonly used criterion. Our hypothesis is that there will be an optimal MIT that explains the maximum part of the variance of the runoff, with time to runoff used as a surrogate. The objective is to establish a procedure in order to decide upon th

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16

Bouget, Vincent, Dominique Béréziat, Julien Brajard, Anastase Charantonis, and Arthur Filoche. "Fusion of Rain Radar Images and Wind Forecasts in a Deep Learning Model Applied to Rain Nowcasting." Remote Sensing 13, no. 2 (January 13, 2021): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13020246.

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Short- or mid-term rainfall forecasting is a major task with several environmental applications such as agricultural management or flood risk monitoring. Existing data-driven approaches, especially deep learning models, have shown significant skill at this task, using only rainfall radar images as inputs. In order to determine whether using other meteorological parameters such as wind would improve forecasts, we trained a deep learning model on a fusion of rainfall radar images and wind velocity produced by a weather forecast model. The network was compared to a similar architecture trained on

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17

Zeng, Yong, Lianmei Yang, Zepeng Tong, Yufei Jiang, Zuyi Zhang, Jinru Zhang, Yushu Zhou, Jiangang Li, Fan Liu, and Jin Liu. "Statistical Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution during Rainy Seasons in Northwest China." Advances in Meteorology 2021 (March 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6667786.

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Raindrop size distribution (DSD) is of great significance for understanding the microphysical process of rainfall and the quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE). However, in the past, there was a lack of relevant research on Xinjiang in the arid region of northwest China. In this study, the rainy season data collected by the disdrometer in the Yining area of Xinjiang were used for more than two years, and the characteristics of DSDs for all samples, for two rain types (convective and stratiform), and for six different rain rates were studied. The results showed that nearly 70% of the tota

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18

Islam, Md Nazrul, Someshwar Das, and Hiroshi Uyeda. "Calibration of TRMM Derived Rainfall Over Nepal During 1998-2007." Open Atmospheric Science Journal 4, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874282301004010012.

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In this study rainfall is calculated from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Version 6 (V6) 3B42 datasets and calibrated with reference to the observed daily rainfall by rain-gauge collected at 15 locations over Nepal during 1998-2007. In monthly, seasonal and annual scales TRMM estimated rainfalls follow the similar distribution of historical patterns obtained from the rain-gauge data. Rainfall is large in the Southern parts of the country, especially in the Central Nepal. Day-to-day rainfall comparison shows that TRMM derived trend is very similar to the observed data but TRMM usuall

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Yu, Zifeng, Yuqing Wang, Haiming Xu, Noel Davidson, Yandie Chen, Yimin Chen, and Hui Yu. "On the Relationship between Intensity and Rainfall Distribution in Tropical Cyclones Making Landfall over China." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 56, no. 10 (October 2017): 2883–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-16-0334.1.

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AbstractTRMM satellite 3B42 rainfall estimates for 133 landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) over China during 2001–15 are used to examine the relationship between TC intensity and rainfall distribution. The rain rate of each TC is decomposed into axisymmetric and asymmetric components. The results reveal that, on average, axisymmetric rainfall is closely related to TC intensity. Stronger TCs have higher averaged peak axisymmetric rain rates, more averaged total rain, larger averaged rain areas, higher averaged rain rates, higher averaged amplitudes of the axisymmetric rainfall, and lower amplit

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Zhou, Y. P., W. K. Tao, A. Y. Hou, W. S. Olson, C. L. Shie, K. M. Lau, M. D. Chou, X. Lin, and M. Grecu. "Use of High-Resolution Satellite Observations to Evaluate Cloud and Precipitation Statistics from Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations. Part I: South China Sea Monsoon Experiment." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 64, no. 12 (December 1, 2007): 4309–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jas2281.1.

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Abstract Cloud and precipitation simulated using the three-dimensional (3D) Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model are compared to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Precipitation Radar (PR) rainfall measurements and Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) single scanner footprint (SSF) radiation and cloud retrievals. Both the model simulation and retrieved parameters are based upon observations made during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) field campaign. The model-simulated cloud and rain systems are evaluated by systematically exam

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Khansa, Pavita, Evi Siti Sofiyah, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "Determination of Rain Intensity Based on Rain Characteristics Observed from Rain Observation Stations Around South Jakarta." Journal of Advanced Civil and Environmental Engineering 3, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/jacee.3.2.106-115.

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South Jakarta has the highest rainfall concentration and the most flood location in Jakarta. Therefore, an urban drainage system is needed to control surface water so flood can be prevented. This research aims to support the urban drainage system planning by determining rainfall intensity based on three methods, those are Van Breen, Bell Tanimoto, and Hasper der Weduwen. The most suitable method will be selected by comparing the value of rainfall intensity with Talbot, Sherman, and Ishiguro approach. This research reveals that the most suitable method is the Van Breen Method with the Talbot eq

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Jiang, Haiyan, Jeffrey B. Halverson, Joanne Simpson, and Edward J. Zipser. "Hurricane “Rainfall Potential” Derived from Satellite Observations Aids Overland Rainfall Prediction." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 4 (April 1, 2008): 944–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1619.1.

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Abstract The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission–based National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Multisatellite Precipitation Analysis (MPA) product is used to quantify the rainfall distribution in tropical cyclones that made landfall in the United States during 1998–2004. A total of 37 tropical cyclones (TC) are examined, including 2680 three-hourly MPA precipitation observations. Rainfall distributions for overland and overocean observations are compared. It is found that the TC rainfall over ocean bears a strong relationship with the TC maximum wind, whereas the relationship for

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Sudirman, Ilham, and Alamsyah. "Land Gradation Effect Analysis on Permeability and Ponding Time on Repeat Rain Frequency: Laboratory Study with Rainfall Simulator." Journal La Multiapp 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2020): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v1i1.35.

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Analysis of Effect of Land Gradation on Permeability and Ponding Time in Frequency of Repeated Rain (Laboratory Studies with Rainfall Simulator) guided by Darwis Panguriseng and Mahmuddin. That soil permeability is the ability of soil to pass water or air. Soil permeability is usually measured in terms of the speed of water flowing in a certain time specified in units of cm/hour. Ponding time (tp) is the time difference between when it rains and the time when water begins to pool above ground level. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soil grading on permeability and inund

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Chen, Guixing, Ruoyu Lan, Wenxin Zeng, He Pan, and Weibiao Li. "Diurnal Variations of Rainfall in Surface and Satellite Observations at the Monsoon Coast (South China)." Journal of Climate 31, no. 5 (March 2018): 1703–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0373.1.

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The complex features of rainfall diurnal cycles at the south China coast are examined using hourly rain gauge data and satellite products (CMORPH and TRMM 3B42) during 1998–2014. It is shown that morning rainfall is pronounced near the coasts and windward mountains, with high rainfall in the summer monsoon season, while afternoon rainfall is dominant on land, and nocturnal rainfall occurs at northern inland sites. Both satellite products report less morning rainfall and more afternoon rainfall than the rain gauge data, and they also miss the midnight rainfall minimum. These errors are mainly a

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Setyowati, Dewi Liesnoor. "Hubungan Hujan dan Limpasan Pada Sub DAS Kecil Penggunaan Lahan Hutan, Sawah, Kebun Campuran di DAS Kreo." Forum Geografi 24, no. 1 (July 20, 2010): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v24i1.5014.

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Tendency of land use conversion is followed by maximum discharge of Kreo River, but unknown land use type what which can race improvement of runoff. Purpose of the research is study the relation of rainfall runoff at forest, rice field, and mixed garden. Research about rainfall runoff study is including research type of experiment for purpose of descriptive, through observation of rain data and water level at small watershed with one land use types that is forest, rice field, and mixed garden. Instrument of rain and water level attached at small watershed during the rains 2007.Data analysis co

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Sinatra, T., A. Awaludin, F. Nauval, and C. Purnomo. "Calibration of Spatial Rain Scanner using Rainfall Depth of Rain Gauges." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 893, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/893/1/012064.

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Abstract A spatial rain scanner has been developed based on a marine radar to satisfy the demand for spatial rain information for hydrological applications. Since the coverage of the rain scanner is 44 km in radius, it is necessary to expand the coverage by installing it in two sites that intersect each other performing a radar network. For this purpose, the first rain scanner has been installed at the Center for Atmospheric Science and Technology (PSTA) in Bandung and the second one at the Space and Atmospheric Observation Center (BPAA) Tanjungsari in Sumedang. This paper focuses on the calib

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Mapiam, Punpim Puttaraksa, Monton Methaprayun, Thom Bogaard, Gerrit Schoups, and Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis. "Citizen rain gauges improve hourly radar rainfall bias correction using a two-step Kalman filter." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 3 (February 11, 2022): 775–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-775-2022.

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Abstract. The low density of conventional rain gauge networks is often a limiting factor for radar rainfall bias correction. Citizen rain gauges offer a promising opportunity to collect rainfall data at a higher spatial density. In this paper, hourly radar rainfall bias adjustment was applied using two different rain gauge networks: tipping buckets, measured by Thai Meteorological Department (TMD), and daily citizen rain gauges. The radar rainfall bias correction factor was sequentially updated based on TMD and citizen rain gauge data using a two-step Kalman filter to incorporate the two gauge

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Thomaz, Edivaldo Lopes, and Valdemir Antoneli. "RAIN INTERCEPTION IN A SECONDARY FRAGMENT OF ARAUCARIA FOREST WITH FAXINAL, GUARAPUAVA-PR." CERNE 21, no. 3 (September 2015): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/01047760201521031736.

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ABSTRACT Forest management can alter the structure of vegetation (layer), particularly in areas used for pasture, such as the Faxinal areas in the south central region of Paraná, Brazil. Therefore, the aims of the present study were as follows: a) to assess rain interception in secondary forests; b) to estimate the maximum precipitation intercepted by the forest; and c) to discuss the possible implications of throughfall for the hydrologic processes of the secondary forest (Faxinal). Nine 20-cm-diameter rain gauges (314 cm2) were used. Rain gauges were distributed randomly throughout the fores

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Peleg, N., M. Ben-Asher, and E. Morin. "Radar subpixel-scale rainfall variability and uncertainty: lessons learned from observations of a dense rain-gauge network." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 6 (June 14, 2013): 2195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-2195-2013.

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Abstract. Runoff and flash flood generation are very sensitive to rainfall's spatial and temporal variability. The increasing use of radar and satellite data in hydrological applications, due to the sparse distribution of rain gauges over most catchments worldwide, requires furthering our knowledge of the uncertainties of these data. In 2011, a new super-dense network of rain gauges containing 14 stations, each with two side-by-side gauges, was installed within a 4 km2 study area near Kibbutz Galed in northern Israel. This network was established for a detailed exploration of the uncertainties

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ADIKANT PRADHAN, T. CHANDRAKAR, S.K. NAG, A. DIXIT, and S.C. MUKHERJEE. "Crop planning based on rainfall variability for Bastar region of Chhattisgarh, India." Journal of Agrometeorology 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v22i4.477.

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 Analysis of long-term rainfall data (1986-2018) of Bastar region revealed decreasing trend in total quantum of annual rainfall with varying frequency and distribution. The quantity of winter and summer rains decreased drastically during 2008-18 as compared to earlier two decades (1986-96 and 1997-2007). SW monsoon rain of 2008-18 was more than past two decades, whereas NE monsoon rain changed much in quantity except during 1997-2007. During 1986-96, the pre-monsoon shower was received in April, but later two decades the shower was received in May, which supports for summer ploughing and

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Westcott, Nancy E., Steven E. Hollinger, and Kenneth E. Kunkel. "Use of Real-Time Multisensor Data to Assess the Relationship of Normalized Corn Yield with Monthly Rainfall and Heat Stress across the Central United States." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 1667–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2303.1.

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Abstract This study evaluated the suitability of rain estimates based on the National Weather Service (NWS) Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) network to estimate yield response to rainfall on a county scale and to provide real-time information related to crop stress resulting from deficient or excessive precipitation throughout the summer. The relationship between normalized corn yield and rainfall was examined for nine states in the central United States for 1997–99 and 2001–02. Monthly rainfall estimates were computed employing multisensor precipitation estimate (MPE) data fr

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Minda, Haruya, and Kenji Nakamura. "High Temporal Resolution Path-Average Rain Gauge with 50-GHz Band Microwave." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 22, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-1683.1.

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Abstract Rain radar measures instantaneous spatial-average rainfall, while conventional rain gauges directly measure point rainfall with low temporal resolution. Thus differences in the resolution of the sensors create difficulties for rain radar validation, especially for spaceborne rain radar. Accordingly, rainfall measurement by microwave link has been proposed for several decades, as it estimates instantaneous path-average rainfall. Thus it is expected that the microwave link rain gauge will overcome, at least partly, the problems in the rain radar validation, toward which a 50-GHz band mi

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Song, Hwan-Jin, Byunghwan Lim, and Sangwon Joo. "Evaluation of Rainfall Forecasts with Heavy Rain Types in the High-Resolution Unified Model over South Korea." Weather and Forecasting 34, no. 5 (September 9, 2019): 1277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-18-0140.1.

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Abstract Heavy rainfall events account for most socioeconomic damages caused by natural disasters in South Korea. However, the microphysical understanding of heavy rain is still lacking, leading to uncertainties in quantitative rainfall prediction. This study is aimed at evaluating rainfall forecasts in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS), a high-resolution configuration of the Unified Model over the Korean Peninsula. The rainfall of LDAPS forecasts was evaluated with observations based on two types of heavy rain events classified from K-means clustering for the relations

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Wang, Yingjue, Jiafeng Zheng, Zhigang Cheng, and Bingyun Wang. "Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution on the Eastern Slope of the Tibetan Plateau in Summer." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2020): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060562.

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Precipitation microphysics over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) remain insufficiently understood, due to the lack of observations and studies. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the raindrop size distribution (DSD) for rainfall that happened on the eastern slope of TP in summer. DSD differences between different rain types and under different rain rates are investigated. Confidential empirical relationships between the gamma shape and slope parameters, and between reflectivity and rain rate are proposed. DSD properties in this area are also compared with those in other areas. The re

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Hwang, Seokhwan, Narae Kang, and Jung Soo Yoon. "Error Generation Characteristics of the Areal Rainfall Estimation Interpolation Method Using Rainfall Radar Data." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.6.273.

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This study evaluated the effects of watershed area, rain gauge density, rain gauge distribution, and rainfall movement direction on regional average rainfall estimates by comparing the spatial interpolation results. To this end, the interpolated watershed mean using radar grid data from the Ministry of Environment’s TM rain gauge point was compared with the watershed mean of all radar grids within the watershed. Results showed that eight or more rain gauges are required for accurate area average rainfall estimates in small watersheds of less than 500 km<sup>2</sup>. In addition, th

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Hu, Caihong, Chengshuai Liu, Yichen Yao, Qiang Wu, Bingyan Ma, and Shengqi Jian. "Evaluation of the Impact of Rainfall Inputs on Urban Rainfall Models: A Systematic Review." Water 12, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092484.

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Over the past several decades, urban flooding and other water-related disasters have become increasingly prominent and serious. Although the urban rain flood model’s benefits for urban flood simulation have been extensively documented, the impact of rainfall input to model simulation accuracy remains unclear. This systematic review aims to provide structured research on how rain inputs impact urban rain flood model’s simulation accuracy. The selected 48 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2015 and 2019 on the Web of Science™ database were analyzed by key factors, including rainfal

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Song, Kun, Xichuan Liu, and Taichang Gao. "Real-Time Rainfall Estimation Using Microwave Links: A Case Study in East China during the Plum Rain Season in 2020." Sensors 21, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030858.

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Accurate and real-time rainfall estimation is a pressing need for forecasting the flood disaster and reducing the loss. In this study, we exploit the potential of estimating the rainfall by microwave links in East China. Eight microwave links at 15 GHz and 23 GHz, operated by China Mobile, are used for estimating the rain rate in real-time in Jiangyin, China from June to July 2020. First, we analyze the correlation between the rain-induced attenuation of microwave links and the rain rate measured by rain gauges. The correlation coefficient values are higher than 0.77 with the highest one over

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Lestari, Sopia, Alain Protat, Valentin Louf, Andrew King, Claire Vincent, and Shuichi Mori. "Subdaily Rain-Rate Properties in Western Java Analyzed Using C-Band Doppler Radar." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 61, no. 9 (September 2022): 1179–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-21-0041.1.

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Abstract Jakarta, a megacity in Indonesia, experiences recurrent floods associated with heavy rainfall. Characteristics of subdaily rainfall and the local factors influencing rainfall around Jakarta have not been thoroughly investigated, primarily because of data limitations. In this study, we examine the frequency and intensity of hourly and daily rain rate, including spatial characteristics and variations across time scales. We use 6-min C-band Doppler radar and 1-min in situ data during 2009–12 to resolve spatial rain-rate characteristics at higher resolution than previous studies. A reflec

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Oyaro, J., and J. Ben-Edigbe. "The Extent of Capacity Loss Caused by Rainfall at Signalised Intersections." Open Transportation Journal 14, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874447802014010214.

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Background: Even though their physical characteristics exert a constant influence on capacity and saturation flows, signalized intersections are fixed facilities not affected by rainfall. Whilst traffic conditions with varying effects can be regulated, rainfall conditions cannot be regulated but compensated for by warning drivers to reduce speed. Speed reduction has an impact on signalised intersection capacity, whilst signalised intersection capacity is a function of saturation flow, effective green, and cycle time. In this paper, a capacity loss is the differential percentage between ‘with a

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Chakraborty, Arindam, and T. N. Krishnamurti. "Improving Global Model Precipitation Forecasts over India Using Downscaling and the FSU Superensemble. Part II: Seasonal Climate." Monthly Weather Review 137, no. 9 (September 1, 2009): 2736–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009mwr2736.1.

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Abstract This study addresses seasonal forecasts of rains over India using the following components: high-resolution rain gauge–based rainfall data covering the years 1987–2001, rain-rate initialization, four global atmosphere–ocean coupled models, a regional downscaling of the multimodel forecasts, and a multimodel superensemble that includes a training and a forecast phase at the high resolution over the internal India domain. The results of monthly and seasonal forecasts of rains for the member models and for the superensemble are presented here. The main findings, assessed via the use of R

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Azwar, Azwar, Ella Meilianda, and Masimin Masimin. "KAJIAN POLA CURAH HUJAN DURASI PANJANG TERKAIT DENGAN WAKTU KEJADIAN BANJIR DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA." Jurnal Arsip Rekayasa Sipil dan Perencanaan 4, no. 1 (January 25, 2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jarsp.v4i1.16723.

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North Aceh Regency almost every year experiences flooding due to heavy rains, both due to rain in the area and flooding of shipments due to heavy rains in neighboring districts namely Bener Meriah. Judging from the time of the incident, heavy rains always occur in the final months of each year. The duration of rainfall is two, namely: (a) short duration and (b) long duration. The second limit is the duration of rain 24 hours (1 day), so that the duration of rainfall is long if the time of occurrence is longer than 24 hours. For tropical climates such as the Aceh region known to experience two

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Patandean, Candra Febryanto. "Analysis of Genesis Rain in Spring Transition in Makassar." Jurnal Ad'ministrare 6, no. 2 (February 4, 2020): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/ja.v6i2.12520.

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Extreme weather in this case heavy rains is common in the city of Makassar, both of which resulted in a flood or no flood. This type of research is descriptive research that aims to describe the incidence of rain in the transition season in Makassar. The source of data used in obtaining data on research in Makassar is secondary data. His research methods such as analysis method is based on monthly rainfall data to determine the monthly rainfall pattern using the Log Pearson III distribution methods and daily rainfall data duration of 3 hours early to analyze the frequency of rain by using Gumb

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Cecinati, Francesca, Antonio Moreno-Ródenas, Miguel Rico-Ramirez, Marie-claire ten Veldhuis, and Jeroen Langeveld. "Considering Rain Gauge Uncertainty Using Kriging for Uncertain Data." Atmosphere 9, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9110446.

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In urban hydrological models, rainfall is the main input and one of the main sources of uncertainty. To reach sufficient spatial coverage and resolution, the integration of several rainfall data sources, including rain gauges and weather radars, is often necessary. The uncertainty associated with rain gauge measurements is dependent on rainfall intensity and on the characteristics of the devices. Common spatial interpolation methods do not account for rain gauge uncertainty variability. Kriging for Uncertain Data (KUD) allows the handling of the uncertainty of each rain gauge independently, mo

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Ambildhuke, Geeta Mahadeo, and Barnali Gupta Banik. "Transfer Learning Approach - An Efficient Method to Predict Rainfall Based on Ground-Based Cloud Images." Ingénierie des systèmes d information 26, no. 4 (August 31, 2021): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/isi.260402.

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Clouds play a vital role in climate prediction. Rainfall prediction also majorly depends on the status and types of clouds present in the sky. Therefore, cloud identification is the most exciting and vital topic in meteorology and attracts most researchers from other areas. This paper presents the transfer learning technique to predict the Rainfall based on ground-based Cloud images responsible for rains. It will predict the estimated Rainfall by identifying the type of cloud by taking cloud images as input. The cloud images in the dataset are divided into three categories(classes) labeled as

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Chen, Hai Xiu. "Design of Rain Sensor Based on Optical Principle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.977.

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An optical rain sensor which can be used in automobile is described in this paper. The sensor is mainly composed of light source, light collimation system and light focusing system. When it rains, the rain sensor detects the rainfall on the automobile’s windshield surface through the light from the transmitter, and the light intensity received by the sensor receiver can be used to control the wiper to work automatically. The structure of the sensor is designed and the corresponding optical simulation is finished. With the optical rain sensor, the wiper device can work automatically and adjust

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Madden, L. V., L. L. Wilson, and N. Ntahimpera. "Calibration and Evaluation of an Electronic Sensor for Rainfall Kinetic Energy." Phytopathology® 88, no. 9 (September 1998): 950–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.9.950.

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A novel sensor for measuring the kinetic energy of impacting raindrops, developed based on a soil-mass erosion sensor, was tested in the laboratory, with a rain simulator, and in the field. Drop impactions on the sensor—consisting of a piezoelectric crystal and associated electronics—produce an electrical charge that equals a fixed amount of energy. Calibration of the sensor was done in the laboratory using water drops of known diameter impacting with known velocity, and thus, with known kinetic energy. The relationship between pulse-count output of the sensor minus the background pulse counts

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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "ANALYSIS OF DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER DUE TO HEAVY RAIN BY X-BAND MP RADAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-125-2016.

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On August 20 of 2014, Hiroshima City (Japan) was struck by local heavy rain from an autumnal rain front. The resultant debris flow disaster claimed 75 victims and destroyed many buildings. From 1:30 am to 4:30 am on August 20, the accumulated rainfall in Hiroshima City exceeded 200 mm. Serious damage occurred in the Asakita and Asaminami wards of Hiroshima City. As a disaster prevention measure, local heavy rain (localized torrential rains) is usually observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and by the C-band ra

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Nishio, M., and M. Mori. "ANALYSIS OF DEBRIS FLOW DISASTER DUE TO HEAVY RAIN BY X-BAND MP RADAR DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 22, 2016): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-125-2016.

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On August 20 of 2014, Hiroshima City (Japan) was struck by local heavy rain from an autumnal rain front. The resultant debris flow disaster claimed 75 victims and destroyed many buildings. From 1:30 am to 4:30 am on August 20, the accumulated rainfall in Hiroshima City exceeded 200 mm. Serious damage occurred in the Asakita and Asaminami wards of Hiroshima City. As a disaster prevention measure, local heavy rain (localized torrential rains) is usually observed by the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) and by the C-band ra

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Ayu, Srida Mitra, Andi Rosdayanti, and Eka Lolita. "THROUGHFALL PADA JABON MERAH (ANTHOCEPHALUS MACROPHYLLUS)." Jurnal Penelitian Kehutanan BONITA 2, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55285/bonita.v2i2.523.

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This study aims to measure the throughfall of Anthocepalus macrophyllu. The research was conducted in the experimental garden of SMK Neg 4 Luwu, Baramamase Village, Walenrang District, Luwu Regency. The materials used were 6 samples of Anthocephalus macrophyllus trees with a device consisting of a manual rainfall gauge, a hose, a collection bucket, a measuring cup, nails, machetes and a stopwatch. The data collected were rainfall and rainfall at 30 rain events. Of the 30 rainfall events, the throughfall data were selected for rainfall of 100, 150, 300, 400 and 500 cm3, each with 3 replications

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Hambali, Roby, Djoko Legono, Rachmad Jayadi, and Satoru Oishi. "Improving Spatial Rainfall Estimates at Mt. Merapi Area Using Radar-Rain Gauge Conditional Merging." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p0069.

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Rainfall monitoring is important for providing early warning of lahar flow around Mt. Merapi. The X-band multi-parameter radar developed to support these warning systems provides rainfall information with high spatial and temporal resolution. However, this method underestimates the rainfall compared with rain gauge measurements. Herein, we performed conditional radar-rain gauge merging to obtain the optimal rainfall value distribution. By using the cokriging interpolation method, kriged gauge rainfall, and kriged radar rainfall data were obtained, which were then combined with radar rainfall d

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