Academic literature on the topic 'Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Mercader, Julio, Freya Runge, Luc Vrydaghs, Hughes Doutrelepont, Corneille E. N. Ewango, and Jordi Juan-Tresseras. "Phytoliths from Archaeological Sites in the Tropical Forest of Ituri, Democratic Republic of Congo." Quaternary Research 54, no. 1 (July 2000): 102–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.2000.2150.

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Phytoliths record late Quaternary vegetation at three archaeological sites in the Ituri rain forest. The oldest deposits, dated to ca. 19,000 to 10,000 14C yr B.P., contain abundant phytoliths of grasses but also enough arboreal forms to show that the landscape was forested. The late-glacial forests may have had a more open canopy than today's. Younger phytolith assemblages show that the northeast Congo basin was densely forested throughout the Holocene. Archaeological materials among the phytoliths show that people lived in this region during the Pleistocene. Therefore, Pleistocene and Holocene prehistoric foragers probably inhabited tropical forests of the northeast Congo basin many millennia before farming appeared in the region.
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De Block, Petra. "Ixora kalehensis, a new Rubiaceae species from the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Plant Ecology and Evolution 151, no. 3 (November 28, 2018): 442–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.2018.1523.

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Background – The rain forest genus Ixora currently comprises 37 species in Continental Africa. Within the framework of a treatment of the genus for the Flore d’Afrique centrale, a new species is described from D.R. Congo, despite its being known from only two specimens.Methods – Standard methods of herbarium taxonomy are followed.Key results – Ixora kalehensis De Block, a new species from the Central Forest District in D.R. Congo, is described and illustrated. Ixora kalehensis remains under-collected and relatively poorly known but can nevertheless easily be distinguished from other Ixora species. The most distinctive character is the colour of the dried leaves: blackish on the upper surface and vivid brown on the lower surface. Other important characters are the small-sized, compact and sessile inflorescences and the large tree habit. The species is only known from two specimens collected in the 1950s and its preliminary IUCN status is Endangered (EN B2ab(iii)). The lack of more recent herbarium material highlights that the collecting effort in D.R. Congo remains substandard. It is hoped that the formal description of Ixora kalehensis will draw attention of international and local collectors and will result in more material and greater knowledge of the species. The description of this species brings the number of Ixora species to thirteen for central Africa (D.R. Congo, Rwanda and Burundi) and to twelve for D.R. Congo. An identification key to the species of D.R. Congo is provided.
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Van Krunkelsven, Ellen, Inogwabini Bila lsia, and Dirk Draulans. "A survey of bonobos and other large mammals in the Salonga National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo." Oryx 34, no. 3 (July 2000): 180–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.2000.00117.x.

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AbstractIn December 1997 and January 1998 we travelled to the northern section of the Salonga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The park is the largest African rain forest reserve, and was created in 1970 to protect endemic species such as the bonobo Pan paniscus and the Congo peacock Afropavo congensis. However, hardly any data exist on the status of animals in the park. In order to collect basic information, we set up camp at four sites along two rivers, where we followed long trails deep into the forest. A total of 7.5 km line transects were cut from three sites, along which all evidence of large mammals was recorded. Our data indicate that key forest species, including bonobo, bongo Tragelaphus euryceros, black mangabey Lophocebus alterimus and leopard Panthera pardus, are present in reasonable numbers in the part of the park we explored. Bonobo density was calculated at 1.15 animals per sq km, based on nest counts. Some elephants Loxodonta africana survive, despite the enormous hunting pressure. Conservation measures to protect the animals need to be taken urgently.
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COCQUYT, CHRISTINE, MYRIAM DE HAAN, and EDIT LOKELE NDJOMBO. "Eunotia rudis sp. nov., a new diatom (Bacillariophyta) from the Man and Biosphere Reserve at Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Phytotaxa 272, no. 1 (August 26, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.272.1.4.

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Eunotia rudis sp. nov. is described from material collected in acid rivers in an almost pristine tropical rain forest in the Congo Basin in Central Africa. The benthic diatom community was dominated by other Eunotia spp. and small naviculoid taxa. The morphological features of the new species are described and documented based on light and scanning electron microscopy investigations. Eunotia rudis sp. nov. can be distinguished from other taxa within the genus Eunotia by its typical slightly asymmetric valve shape with four dorsal undulations and the rough surface of the thick silica wall. In contrast to other Eunotia species, the number of dorsal undulations was constant in all observed populations. Differences between the new species and the related Eunotia garucisa and E. garucisa var. polydentula are discussed.
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BAREJ, MICHAEL F., ANDREAS SCHMITZ, MICHELE MENEGON, ANNIKA HILLERS, HARALD HINKEL, WOLFGANG BÖHME, and MARK-OLIVER RÖDEL. "Dusted off—the African Amietophrynus superciliaris-species complex of giant toads." Zootaxa 2772, no. 1 (February 23, 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2772.1.1.

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Amietophrynus superciliaris is known to occur in rain forests from West Africa to eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. We herein present morphological and molecular data indicating the existence of three distinct taxa. The name A. superciliaris superciliaris is restricted to toads from the western Lower Guinean Forest (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon). We resurrect A. s. chevalieri for the Upper Guinean forest (Sierra Leone, Guinea, Liberia, Ivory Coast, Ghana) and describe a new species occurring in the eastern part of the Lower Guinean Forest (eastern Democratic Republic of Congo). Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. from eastern Lower Guinean Forest differs from both other taxa by its brownish lateral coloration (reddish-purple in the other taxa). The new species differs morphologically from western Lower Guinean A. s. superciliaris by a less pointed eyelid process, a dark coloured posterior abdominal region and a dark coloured vertebral line (both absent in A. s. superciliaris), the shape of the parotid glands (bulged and rounded at the posterior tip in the new species, slender drop shaped and pointed at the posterior tip in A. s. superciliaris), and juvenile interorbital markings (V-shaped in the new species, usually interrupted and broken in A. s. superciliaris). Amietophrynus channingi sp. nov. differs from the Upper Guinean A. s. chevalieri by the presence of an eyelid process (absent in A. s. chevalieri), presence of a dark vertebral line and a pair of dark spots on the posterior part of the back (both absent in A. s. chevalieri). The Upper Guinean A. s. chevalieri differs from western Lower Guinean A. s. superciliaris by the absence of an eyelid process, a dark coloured posterior abdominal region (absent in A. s. superciliaris) and lacking a pair of dark spots in the posterior part of the back (present in A. s. superciliaris). The new species differs from both other taxa by 2.2–2.8% in the investigated 16S rRNA gene. West African and western Central African populations differ by only 0.9–1.1% in 16S rRNA, lacking any intra-taxon variation within each clade, and are cautiously regarded as subspecies although the genetic distinction is mirrored by strong morphological differences and distinct geographic distribution which may support its elevation to species status once that more comprehensive data become available. A key to the taxa of the A. superciliaris-species complex is provided.
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van der Hoek, Yntze, Wadika Dumbo Pazo, Escobar Binyinyi, Urbain Ngobobo, Tara S. Stoinski, and Damien Caillaud. "Diet of Grauer’s Gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri) in a Low-Elevation Forest." Folia Primatologica 92, no. 2 (2021): 126–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000515377.

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Although the vast majority of critically endangered Grauer’s gorillas (<i>Gorilla beringei graueri</i>) inhabit low-elevation rain forests, current insights into this ape’s life history and ecology stem predominantly from 2 small populations ranging in highland habitats. Here, we provide an initial and non-exhaustive overview of food items of Grauer’s gorillas in the Nkuba Conservation Area (NCA), a lower-elevation (500–1,500 m) forest located between Kahuzi-Biega National Park and Maiko National Park in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Community-based conservation efforts at the NCA aim to protect a population of unhabituated Grauer’s gorillas, which we have studied since 2014. Between 2014 and 2020, we simultaneously tracked 1–3 gorilla groups and recorded a total of 10,514 feeding signs on at least 100 plant species, ants, termites, and fungi. Vegetative plant parts (plant stems, leaves, pith, bark, and roots), especially of Marantaceae and Fabaceae, made up close to 90% of recorded feeding signs, with fruit accounting for most of the remainder and a small (&#x3c;1%) number of feeding signs on invertebrates and fungi. We found that the most frequently recorded food items were consumed year-round, though fruit intake seems to peak in the September-December wet season, possibly reflecting patterns in fruit phenology. The diet of Grauer’s gorillas in the NCA differed from that of Grauer’s gorillas in highland habitat and instead showed similarities with Grauer’s gorillas at the lowland forest of Itebero and with western lowland gorillas (<i>G. gorilla</i>), which live under ecologically comparable conditions.
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Samndong, Raymond, and Arild Vatn. "Competing Tenures: Implications for REDD+ in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Forests 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f9110662.

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The capacity of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) forests to sequestrate carbon has attracted interest from the international community to protect forests for carbon storage and alleviate rural poverty by establishing REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation). Using information gathered from interviews, focus groups, field observations, and policy document analysis, this paper demonstrates that REDD+ is not well adapted to the institutional structures of forest governance in the DRC, including both statutory and customary tenure. The lack of harmonization between these systems has created a situation of competition between state and customary authorities. This has created opportunities for powerful actors to ‘shop’ between the two systems to attempt to legitimize their expanded use and control over forest resources. As the REDD+ process evolves from the preparation to the implementation phase, competing institutional structures may negatively impact the effectiveness of REDD+, as well as the distribution of costs and benefits. While the newly enacted community forest law provides an opportunity to recognize customary rights to forestland, the lack of functional local government at the district and village levels has prompted REDD+ pilot project organizers to establish new village organizations for REDD+.
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Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Gerard Imani, Franklin Bulonvu, Rodrigue Batumike, Grace Baruka, Neil D. Burgess, Julia A. Klein, and Rob Marchant. "Social Perceptions of Forest Ecosystem Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Human Ecology 47, no. 6 (December 2019): 839–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-019-00115-6.

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AbstractThe forests of the Albertine Rift are known for their high biodiversity and the important ecosystem services they provide to millions of inhabitants. However, their conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem service delivery is a challenge, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our research investigates how livelihood strategy and ethnicity affects local perceptions of forest ecosystem services. We collected data through 25 focus-group discussions in villages from distinct ethnic groups, including farmers (Tembo, Shi, and Nyindu) and hunter-gatherers (Twa). Twa identify more food-provisioning services and rank bush meat and honey as the most important. They also show stronger place attachment to the forest than the farmers, who value other ecosystem services, but all rank microclimate regulation as the most important. Our findings help assess ecosystem services trade-offs, highlight the important impacts of restricted access to forests resources for Twa, and point to the need for developing alternative livelihood strategies for these communities.
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Mvumbi, D., L. Bobanga, J. M. Kayembe, N. T. Situakibanza, G. Mvumbi, and M. P. Hayette. "No simian plasmodium detected in populations living in the equatorial rainy forest of the Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 21 (April 2014): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.741.

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Ngoyi Tshite, Franck, Van Tshiombe Mulamba, and Patrice Lienge. "Agronomic evaluation of rain fed rice varieties in Seke - Banza area, Democratic Republic of Congo." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 28, 2017): 2039. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v10i5.8.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Boyemba, Bosela Faustin. "Ecologie de Pericopsis elata (Harms) Van Meeuwen (Fabaceae), arbre de forêt tropicale africaine à répartition agrégée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209883.

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Pericopsis elata is an African forestry species commercialized under the vernacular names afrormosia or assamela. It is one of the principal species commonly exploited for timber in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and in a lesser extent in Cameroon and Congo. In view of its sustainable resource exploitation, the species is in centre of numerous polemics notably in the European Union. It is one of the rare commercialized species that produce wood, since 1992, as listed in the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) annex II specifying that “the exploitation of afrormosia necessitate the deliverance and a prior presentation of exploitation permit”. The most important reserves of afrormosia are found in DRC. This doctoral thesis presents the ecology of this particular tree and its behaviour regarding forestry exploitation. It allows to inform the international organisms such as CITES as well as the national policy-makers on the vulnerability of afrormosia and to propose appropriate measures that can avoid future unsustainable/unregulated exploitation activities/Pericopsis elata est une espèce forestière africaine commercialisée sous les noms d’afrormosia ou d’assamela. Elle est une des principales espèces exploitées pour le bois d’œuvre en République Démocratique du Congo (RDC) et dans une moindre mesure au Cameroun et au Congo. Elle est au centre de nombreuses polémiques, notamment dans l’Union européenne, en ce qui concerne la durabilité de son exploitation. C’est une des rares espèces commerciales productrice de bois d’œuvre listée, depuis 1992, dans l’Annexe II de la CITES (Convention sur le commerce international des espèces en danger d’extinction) qui spécifie que « L'exportation d'un spécimen d'une espèce inscrite à l'Annexe II nécessite la délivrance et la présentation préalables d'un permis d'exportation ». Les plus grandes réserves d’afrormosia se trouvent en RDC. Cette thèse de doctorat porte sur l’écologie de cet arbre et sur son comportement vis-à-vis de l’exploitation forestière. Elle permet d’informer les organismes internationaux comme la CITES et les décideurs nationaux sur la vulnérabilité de l’afrormosia et de proposer des mesures à prendre pour que l’espèce ne soit pas menacée par une exploitation mal conduite et non régulée
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Gray, Ian P. "Carbon finance, tropical forests and the state : governing international climate risk in the Democratic Republic of Congo." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73814.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 78-83).
This thesis examines how evolving norms of international climate change mitigation are translated into national forest governance policies and land management techniques in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The development of administrative mechanisms to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation (REDD) become a cultural script through which the institutions of the World Bank and the United Nations Development Program "prepare" the post-colonial state to be a rational producer of avoided forest carbon emissions. The two actions-building the state and stabilizing a commodifiable carbon-occur unconsciously as a process Sheila Jasanoff calls "co-production," a dialectic in which efforts to change the natural order depend on unquestioned ideas about the social order, and visa versa. As this thesis shows, instrumental goals of making carbon governable in a country bearing the heavy legacy of Belgian colonialism and the scars of the largest regional war in recent African history, run a high risk of reproducing embedded inequities found at the local level. The impacts of global climate change are expected to have especially adverse affects on subsistence communities dependent on forest resources for their daily existence. If REDD architecture would live up to its stated goal of also improving livelihoods in the non-Annex I countries of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, it must engage in a more overtly "coproductionist" politics of carbon management. This means developing overt mechanisms that provide more continuous interactions between different epistemic communities in the domestic REDD countries (international experts, national administrators and local communities), linking local level institutions upward with higher scales of administration in setting the rules for carbon management, as well as strengthening community control of resources so that the decision to participate in the provisioning of global public goods can be made with more autonomy.
by Ian P. Gray.
M.C.P.
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Amani, Ya Igugu Aimé-Christian. "Vegetation patterns and role of edaphic heterogeneity on plant communities in semi-deciduous forests from the Congo Basin." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209877.

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Contrary to the other forest ecosystems in the Democratic Republic of Congo (D.R. Congo), semi-deciduous forests have so far attracted little attention and studies regarding their ecological aspects remain sketchy. Yet semi-deciduous forests are among the most important non-flooded ecosystems in the Congo Basin and their importance is high, both ecologically and economically. They are home to a variety of species, some of them being exploited for timber by forest companies acting in the region. There is a constant need to focus on their composition and diversity, and to understand factors shaping their communities.

Using a sampling method broadly inspired from the synusial phytosociology approach, we examined plant communities within each of the forest layers composing the overstorey (canopy and emergent trees) and the understorey (shrub and herbaceous layers).

The role of edaphic heterogeneity on plant communities in the considered semi-deciduous forests was examined. We mainly focused on:

- Floristic parameters within these ecosystems;

- Spatial structure of edaphic variables;

- Species responses to edaphic heterogeneity;

- Distance decay in the considered ecosystems;

- Phylogenetic patterns within plant communities.

Some of the species found in the considered semi-deciduous forests are more related to a type of soil than another, defining some “edaphic specialists” species while many others can be considered “generalists”. Spatial distance effect in the considered plant communities is marked by a decrease of floristic similarity with the geographical distance and all the forest layers showed a pattern of spatial phylogenetic clustering meaning that species cohabiting within a same plot are more related than species from distant plots.


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Masumbuko, Céphas Ndabaga. "Ecologie de Sericostachys scandens, liane envahissante dans les forêts de montagne du Parc national de Kahuzi-Biega, République démocratique du Congo." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209962.

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Le Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega (PNKB) se localise dans l’Est de la R.D. Congo, à une trentaine des kilomètres au Nord de la ville de Bukavu, (province du Sud-Kivu). Ce parc couvre une superficie de 6.000 km² dont 5.400 km² situés en basse altitude (600-1200 m d’altitude) et 600 km² constituent le secteur de haute altitude occupée par les forêts de montagne (1800-3308 m).

Depuis environ une décennie, la liane indigène Sericostachys scandens Gilg & Lopr. (Amarantaceae) se répand rapidement dans les forêts de montagne au PNKB. L’extension de cette liane, et ses conséquences supposées sur la biodiversité et la régénération de la forêt inquiètent les gestionnaires du Parc.

Le travail a examiné trois aspects de l’écologie de l’invasion par S. scandens dans le Parc.

Premièrement, on a examiné les traits fonctionnels susceptibles d’expliquer une aptitude élevée à l’invasion chez S. scandens. Une approche comparative avec trois espèces de lianes non envahissantes coexistant dans le même habitat montre que S. scandens présente une allocation de biomasse aux diaspores significativement plus élevée. En plus, elle combine une reproduction sexuée intense et une capacité de reproduction végétative. Cette liane se distingue également des trois autres par un taux de ramification plus élevé. Par contre, les traits foliaires ne sont pas systématiquement différents. De même, le taux de germination des graines de S. scandens ne diffère pas significativement de ceux des autres lianes étudiées. Cependant, il est significativement plus élevé en canopée ouverte qu’en canopée fermée, et en forêt ombrophile qu’en forêt de bambous. L’ensemble des traits qui caractérisent S. scandens peut contribuer à expliquer sa plus grande capacité d’invasion, comparativement aux trois autres lianes.

Deuxièmement, on a examiné les attributs des écosystèmes susceptibles de les rendre vulnérables à l’invasion. Les résultats suggèrent que les perturbations favorisent les invasions dans les écosystèmes. Les perturbations (coupes, feu, …) qui ont accompagné les conflits dans la zone du Parc sont, très probablement, le facteur ayant déclenché l’invasion.

Enfin, le travail a examiné les impacts de l’invasion sur la biodiversité et la régénération des forêts. Les résultats montrent que, effectivement, S. scandens a un impact négatif, et que cet impact pourrait contribuer à renforcer le succès invasif de S. scandens (feed-back positif).

Le travail aboutit à des recommandations pour la gestion du Parc. La gestion doit avant tout être préventive, c’est-à-dire i) empêcher de nouveaux déboisements et ii) éliminer S. scandens au tout début de son installation dans un site perturbé.


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Makana, Jean-Remy M. "Forest structure, species diversity and spatial patterns of trees in monodominant and mixed stands in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo /." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/10184.

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Books on the topic "Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Siy, Alexandra. The Efe: People of the Ituri Rain Forest. New York: Dillon Press, 1993.

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Jenike, David. A walk through a rain forest: Life in the Ituri Forest of Zaire. New York: F. Watts, 1994.

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Houses in the rain forest: Ethnicity and inequality among farmers and foragers in Central Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994.

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Wolfire, Deanna M. Forests and the Democratic Republic of Congo: Opportunity in a time of crisis. Washington, DC: World Resources Institute, Forest Frontiers Initiative, 1998.

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Research, Center for International Forestry. Forests in post-conflict Democratic Republic of Congo: Analysis of a priority agenda. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR, 2007.

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Putzel, Louis. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. Bogor, Indonesia: CIFOR, 2011.

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The behavioral ecology of Efe pygmy men in the Ituri Forest, Zaire. Ann Arbor, Mich: Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, 1991.

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Siy, Alexandra. The Efe: People of the Ituri Rain Forest (Global Villages). Dillon Pr, 1993.

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Jenike, Mark, and David Jenike. A Walk Through a Rain Forest: Life in the Ituri Forest of Zaire (A Cincinnati Zoo Book). Franklin Watts, 1995.

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Makana, Jean-Remy M. Forest structure, species diversity and spatial patterns of trees in monodominant and mixed stands in the Ituri Forest, Democratic Republic of Congo. 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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Barra, Alvaro Federico, Mathilde Burnouf, Richard Damania, and Jason Russ. "Roads, Forests, and the Biodiversity of the Democratic Republic of Congo." In Economic Boom or Ecologic Doom?: Using Spatial Analysis to Reconcile Road Development with Forest Conservation, 21–37. The World Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0810-4_ch3.

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Plumptre, Andrew J. "Lessons Learned from On-the-Ground Conservation in Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo." In War and Tropical Forests: Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict, 71–91. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075219-4.

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Yamagiwa, Juichi. "Bushmeat Poaching and the Conservation Crisis in Kahuzi-Biega National Park, Democratic Republic of the Congo." In War and Tropical Forests: Conservation in Areas of Armed Conflict, 115–35. CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003075219-6.

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Reports on the topic "Rain forests – Congo (Democratic Republic)"

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L., Putzel, and Kabuyaya N. Chinese aid, trade and investment and the forests of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003723.

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L., Putzel, Assembe Mvondo S., Ndong L.B.B., Banioguila R.P., Cerutti P.O., Tieguhong J.C., Djeukam R., Kabuyaya N., Lescuyer G., and Mala W.A. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/003501.

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L., Putzel, Assembe Mvondo S., Ndong L.B.B., Banioguila R.P., Cerutti P.O., Tieguhong J.C., Djeukam R., Kabuyaya N., Lescuyer G., and Mala W.A. Chinese trade and investment and the forests of the Congo Basin: Synthesis of scoping studies in Cameroon, Democratic Republic of Congo and Gabon [Chinese]. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004721.

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