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Alifuddin, M., Yani Hadiroseyani, and I. Ohoiulun. "Parasites in Fresh Water Ornamental Fish (Cupang, Guppy and Rainbow Fish)." Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2007): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.19027/jai.2.93-100.
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<p>Parasite inventory on some fresh water ornamental fish was done by survey methode. Parasites found from cupang fish namely Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sp. and <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platyhelminthes), Acanthocephala and cystic form; in guppy fish Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platyhelminthes) and <em>Lerneae </em>sp. (Crustasea); on rainbowg found Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sp., <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platyhelminthes), Acanthocephala, <em>Lerneae </em>sp. (Krustasea) and cystic form. Parasites found known as ecto, meso and endoparasites. From this study, there is correlation between parastes present with length fish.</p> <p>Key word : Fish water ornamental fish, fish parasites</p> <p> </p> <p>ABSTRAK</p> <p>Inventarisi parasit telah dilakukan dengan metode survey pada ikan hias air tawar yakni, ikan cupang <em>(Betta splendens </em>Regan), ikan gapi <em>(Poecilia reticulata </em>Peters) dan ikan rainbow <em>(Melanotaenia macculochi </em>Ogilby). Pada ikan cupang ditemukan parasit Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sp. dan <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platy-helminthes), Acanthocephala dan kiste); pada ikan gapi ditemukan Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platyhelminthes) dan <em>Lerneae </em>sp. (Krustasea); pada ikan rainbowg ditemukan parasit Trichodinid (Ciliophora), <em>Dactylogyrus </em>sp., <em>Gyrodaclylus </em>sp. (Platyhelminthes), Acanthocephala, <em>Lerneae </em>sp. <em>{Krustasea) </em>dan kista. Parasit yang ditemukan tergolong ekto, meso dan endoparasit. Dari penelitian ini terlihat adanya hubungan keberadaan parasit dengan ukuran panjang ikan.</p> Kata kunci: Ikan hias air tawar, parasit ikan
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Bosakowski, Thomas, and Eric J. Wagner. "Assessment of Fin Erosion by Comparison of Relative Fin Length in Hatchery and Wild Trout in Utah." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 3 (March 1, 1994): 636–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-064.
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We measured all fins of 600 hatchery trout sampled from all 10 state fish hatcheries in Utah, and of wild fish sampled as controls comprising 58 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 33 cutthroat trout (O. clarki), and 54 brown trout (Salmo trutta). A strong linear correlation was found between fin length and total body length (100–300 mm) for all fins of wild rainbow trout. "Relative fin length" (fin length/total body length × 100) proved to be a useful comparative measure, as this statistic was not biased by fish length in the wild fish sampled (all slopes <0.01%). Interspecific comparison of wild rainbow, cutthroat, and brown trout showed slight but statistically significant differences in some fin lengths. In intraspecific comparisons, hatchery fish had significantly shorter (10–50%) rayed fins than wild fish. The dorsal fin was most severely eroded in rainbow and brown trout, followed by the pectoral, anal, ventral, and caudal fins, in cutthroat trout the pattern was the same except that pectoral fins had more extensive erosion than dorsal fins. No species was clearly more susceptible to fin erosion in hatcheries, but the Fish Lake – DeSmet strain of rainbow trout had significantly shorter fins than other rainbow trout strains.
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Hayuningtyas, Erma Primanita, and Tutik Kadarini. "KERAGAMAN GENOTIPE TIGA GENERASI IKAN RAINBOW KURUMOI (Melanotaenia parva) HASIL DOMESTIKASI BERDASARKAN RAPD; Genotype Diversity in Three Generations of Domesticated Kurumoi Rainbow Fish (Melanotaenia parva) Based on RAPD Method." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 11, no. 2 (December 28, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.11.2.2016.107-114.
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Ikan rainbow Kurumoi (Melanotaenia parva) adalah ikan endemik Danau Kurumoi, Papua Barat, Indonesia. Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Budidaya Ikan Hias (BPPBIH), Depok telah berhasil melakukan domestikasi dan menghasilkan beberapa generasi ikan rainbow Kurumoi. Ikan rainbow Kurumoi memijah secara alami, sehingga kemungkinan terjadinya inbreeding tinggi. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah penting untuk mengevaluasi keragaman genetik ikan rainbow Kurumoi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas genetik dengan mengevaluasi keragaman genotipe tiga generasi ikan rainbow Kurumoi menggunakan metode RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) dengan tiga jenis primer, yaitu: OPA-18, OPZ-5, dan OPZ-13. Setiap generasi diambil 10 ekor ikan secara acak. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa keragaman genotipe ikan generasi pertama (69,25%) relatif lebih rendah (P>0,05) daripada generasi kedua (76,9%) dan ketiga (76,9%). Nilai heterozigositas cenderung meningkat dari generasi ke generasi. Heterozigositas ikan generasi pertama adalah 0,21; generasi kedua sebesar 0,24; dan generasi ketiga sebesar 0,25. Jarak genetik terjauh adalah antara generasi pertama dan generasi ketiga, yaitu sebesar 0,19. Dengan demikian, proses domestikasi yang telah dilakukan tidak menyebabkan penurunan keragaman genotipe ikan rainbow Kurumoi.Kurumoi rainbow fish (Melanotaenia parva) is an endemic species from Kurumoi Lake, West Papua, Indonesia. Research and Development for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok has successfully domesticated and produce Kurumoi rainbow fish for several generations. This fish is breed naturally, inbreeding probability is highly occure. It is important to evaluate genetic diversity of Kurumoi rainbow fish. Aim of the research was to evaluate genotype diversity at three generations of Kurumoi rainbow fish using RAPD (Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA) method with three primers, namely OPA-18, OPZ-5, and OPZ-13. In the research, 10 fishes were randomly taken from each generation. The research found that genotype diversity of fish first generation (69.25%) was relatively lower (P>0.05) than second (76.9%) and third (76.9%) generations. Heterozygosity value tended to increase by generation to generation. Heterozygosity at first generation was 0.21, 0.24 at second generation and 0.25 at third generation. The highest genetic distance was between the first and third generation (0.19). Thus, the domestication process that has been done does not cause a decrease in genotype diversity of Kurumoi rainbow fish.
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Barabe, Russell M. "Population estimate of wild rainbow trout in a remote stream of southern California." California Fish and Wildlife Journal 107, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.51492/cfwj.107.2.
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Recreational fishing for Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is important economically in California. We determined the upstream and downstream distribution of Rainbow Trout in a southern California stream, and classified all available habitat within that area as riffle, pool, cascade-pool-complex, and flatwater. Approximately 10% (based on length) of each habitat type was sampled using depletion electrofishing. We estimated Rainbow Trout abundance, both <100 mm and ≥100 mm, by extrapolating average number of fish per m² in each habitat type sampled to the total m² of each habitat type. A total of 854 fish were captured, with the greatest proportion coming from the cascade-pool-complex habitat type, followed by pool, flatwater, and riffle. The population estimate for Rainbow Trout <100 mm was 1,763 fish (95% CI ±442), and for Rainbow Trout ≥100 mm was 5,383 fish (95% CI ±1,688).
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Suparno, Suparno, S. W. Hanson, and A. J. Rosenthal. "THIAMINE IN FISH AND ITS DEGRADATION DURING THERMAL PROCESSING OF SALTED-BOILED FISH." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 2, no. 1 (June 14, 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.2.1.1996.50-56.
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Hayuningtyas, Erma Primanita, Shofihar Sinansari, Melta Rini Fahmi, Eni Kusrini, and Bastiar Nur. "KARAKTER GENOTIPE TIGA POPULASI IKAN RAINBOW AJAMARU (Melanotaenia ajamaruensis) DARI ALAM DAN BUDIDAYA MENGGUNAKAN RAPD." Jurnal Riset Akuakultur 13, no. 2 (September 27, 2018): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jra.13.2.2018.105-113.
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Ikan rainbow Ajamaru (Melanotaenia ajamarunensis) yang dinyatakan punah pada tahun 1996 merupakan ikan endemik dari Danau Ajamaru, Papua. Namun ikan ini berhasil ditemukan kembali pada tahun 2007 di Sungai Kaliwensi, Sorong, Papua. Domestikasi ex-situ ikan rainbow Ajamaru sedang dilakukan di Balai Riset Budidaya ikan Hias, Depok-Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perbedaan genotipe ikan rainbow Ajamaru di alam dan budidaya melalui analisis keragaman genetik untuk melihat adanya perubahan genetik, migrasi maupun mutasi gen. Metode yang digunakan adalah Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) dengan 3 jenis primer (OPA 03, OPB 6, dan OPZ 5). Setiap populasi baik, dari alam (Papua) maupun budidaya (Depok dan Papua) masing-masing diambil secara acak sebanyak 10 sampel ikan uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai keragaman genetik pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (62,5%) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (70,31%) dan tertinggi pada ikan budidaya di Depok (73,43%). Heterozigositas pada ikan di alam lebih rendah (0,172) dibanding ikan budidaya di Papua (0,241) dan di Depok (0,270). Jarak genetik terjauh ditunjukkan antara populasi ikan alam dan populasi ikan budidaya Papua, sedangkan jarak genetik terdekat antara populasi ikan budidaya di Papua dengan di Depok. Karakter genotipe yang dihasilkan pada tiga populasi ikan rainbow Ajamaru adalah memiliki corak DNA yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Perbedaan yang dihasilkan dari karakter genotipe karena respon genotip dari tiap individu dan daya adaptasi ikan berbeda-beda pada habitat yang berbeda.Ajamaru rainbow, an endemic fish from Lake Ajamaru, Papua, once declared extinct in 1996. However, it was rediscovered in 2007, in Kaliwensi River, Sorong, Papua. Currently, the Ajamaru rainbow fish is being domesticated ex-situ at the Research Center for Ornamental Fish Culture, Depok, West Java. The aim of the research was to determine the genotype characteristics of wild and cultured Ajamaru rainbow including genetic change, drift, migration, and mutation using genetic variance analysis. The genetic analysis applied was Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) using OPA-03, OPB-6, and OPZ-5 primers. Ten samples were used for each population. The results showed that the three populations of Ajamaru rainbow fish have significantly different (P<0.05) of DNA polymorphism. The lowest value of genetic variance was found in the wild fish (62.5%) followed by the cultured fish located in Papua (70.31%), and the highest was observed in the cultured fish located in Depok (73.43%). Heterozygosity of the wild fish was lower (0.172) than that of the cultured fish in Papua (0.241) and in Depok (0.270). The high genetic distance was found between the wild and cultured fish from Papua. The closest relationship was between the fish culture in Papua and Depok. The genotype character produced in the three Ajamaru rainbow fish populations was have significantly different (P<0.05) of DNA polymorphism. The differences that result form genotype characters because of the genotypic response of each individual and the adaptability of fish vary in different habitats.
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Meyer, Kevin A., and J. S. Griffith. "First-winter survival of rainbow trout and brook trout in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho." Canadian Journal of Zoology 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-007.
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We used caged fish with a cobble – boulder substrate to test the effect of fish size on first-winter survival of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, to compare survival of rainbow trout and brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and to test for a temperature effect in each experiment. At the warmer site, over 90% of the rainbow trout in the size experiment survived the winter, and there was no significant difference between >90 and <90 mm fish. At the colder site, survival was 60% and all mortality occurred in fish <90 mm. Survival of brook trout (60%) was significantly less than that of rainbow trout (87%) but did not differ between the warmer and colder sites. Brook trout that survived were significantly larger than those that did not. Results suggest that size-dependent mortality may be more likely to occur when environmental conditions are more severe (e.g., lower temperatures, less suitable habitat). Rainbow trout experienced less mortality than brook trout when using cobble – boulder substrate as cover during their first winter; this may be the result of different winter-habitat preferences between the two species.
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Ricaud, Karine, Mickael Rey, Elisabeth Plagnes-Juan, Laurence Larroquet, Maxime Even, Edwige Quillet, Sandrine Skiba-Cassy, and Stéphane Panserat. "Composition of Intestinal Microbiota in Two Lines of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) Divergently Selected for Muscle Fat Content." Open Microbiology Journal 12, no. 1 (August 31, 2018): 308–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801812010308.
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Background:Recently, studies suggest that gut microbiota contributes to the development of obesity in mammals. In rainbow trout, little is known about the role of intestinal microbiota in host physiology.Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the link between intestinal microbiota and adiposity, by high-throughput 16S RNA gene based illumina Miseq sequencing in two rainbow trout lines divergently selected for muscle lipid content. Fish from these two lines of rainbow trout are known to have a differing lipid metabolism.Methods:Samples from the two lines (L for lean and F for fat) were collected from Midgut (M) and Hindgut (H) in juvenile fish (18 months) to compare intestinal microbiota diversity.Results:Whatever the lines and intestinal localisation,Proteobacteria,FirmicutesandActinobacteriaare the dominant phyla in the bacterial community of rainbow trout (at least 97%). The results indicate that richness and diversity indexes as well as bacterial composition are comparable between all groups even though 6 specific OTUs were identified in the intestinal microbiota of fish from the fat line and 2 OTUs were specific to the microbiota of fish from the lean line. Our work contributes to a better understanding in microbial diversity in intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout.Conclusion:Altogether, our study indicates that no major modification of the intestinal microbiota is induced by selection for muscle lipid content and associated metabolic changes. Finally, we identified members of core microbiota in rainbow trout.
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Layhee, Megan J., Adam J. Sepulveda, Amy Shaw, Matthew Smuckall, Kevin Kapperman, and Alejandro Reyes. "Effects of Electric Barrier on Passage and Physical Condition of Juvenile and Adult Rainbow Trout." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042015-jfwm-039.
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Abstract Electric barriers can inhibit passage and injure fish. Few data exist on electric barrier parameters that minimize these impacts and on how body size affects susceptibility, especially to nontarget fish species. The goal of this study was to determine electric barrier voltage and pulse-width settings that inhibit passage of larger bodied rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (215–410 mm fork length) while allowing passage of smaller bodied juvenile rainbow trout (52–126 mm) in a static laboratory setting. We exposed rainbow trout to 30-Hz pulsed-direct current voltage gradients (0.00–0.45 V cm−1) and pulse widths (0.0–0.7 ms) and recorded their movement, injury incidence, and mortality. No settings tested allowed all juveniles to pass while impeding all adult passage. Juvenile and adult rainbow trout avoided the barrier at higher pulse widths, and fewer rainbow trout passed the barrier at 0.7-ms pulse width compared to 0.1 ms and when the barrier was turned off. We found no effect of voltage gradient on fish passage. No mortality occurred, and we observed external bruising in 5 (7%) juvenile rainbow trout and 15 (21%) adult rainbow trout. This study may aid managers in selecting barrier settings that allow for increased juvenile passage.
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Alanärä, Anders, and Eva Brännäs. "Diurnal and nocturnal feeding activity in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 2894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f97-187.
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When food is limited and competition for it is high, individual fish may adopt different diel activity patterns. We followed individual feeding activity in groups of 10 Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) using a combined self-feeding and PIT-tag system. Food was supplied at low and high rewards to five replicate groups of Arctic char and rainbow trout. Four categories were identified in both species: high-triggering diurnal (diurnal fish with the highest self-feeding activity), low-triggering diurnal, nocturnal, and nontriggering fish. On average, the photophase proportion of the total daily activity was approx 90% in diurnal and approx 20% in nocturnal individuals. Rainbow trout offered high rewards did not show any diel preferences. Diurnal Arctic char and rainbow trout with the highest self-feeding activity were initially larger and had the highest growth rates, indicating a high social position. Nocturnal fish were initially smaller and their proportion of trigger actuations much lower than the high-triggering diurnal fish. These still grew successfully whereas nontriggering fish grew significantly less. Thus, some individuals with a low social status may apply an alternative strategy to attain adequate growth by feeding at night when dominant individuals are less aggressive. This may be referred to as concurrent dualism (diurnalism and nocturnalism).
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Einer-Jensen, Katja, Abdallah Harmache, Stéphane Biacchesi, Michel Bremont, Anders Stegmann, and Niels Lorenzen. "High virulence differences among phylogenetically distinct isolates of the fish rhabdovirus viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus are not explained by variability of the surface glycoprotein G or the non-virion protein Nv." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.057448-0.
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Viral hemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) is an important viral pathogen in European rainbow trout farming. Isolates from wild marine fish and freshwater trout farms show highly different virulence profiles: isolates from marine fish species cause little or no mortality in rainbow trout following experimental waterborne challenge, whilst challenge with rainbow trout isolates results in high levels of mortality. Phylogenetic analyses have revealed that the highly virulent trout-derived isolates from freshwater farms have evolved from VHSV isolates from marine fish host species over the past 60 years. Recent isolates from rainbow trout reared in marine zones show intermediate virulence. The present study aimed to identify molecular virulence markers that could be used to classify VHSV isolates according to their ability to cause disease in rainbow trout. By a reverse genetics approach using a VHSV-related novirhabdovirus [infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV)], four chimaeric IHNV–VHSV recombinant viruses were generated. These chimaeric viruses included substitution of the IHNV glyco- (G) or non-structural (Nv) protein with their counterparts from either a trout-derived or a marine VHSV strain. Comparative challenge experiments in rainbow trout fingerlings revealed similar levels of survival induced by the recombinant (r)IHNV–VHSV chimaeric viruses regardless of whether the G or Nv genes originated from VHSV isolated from a marine fish species or from rainbow trout. Interestingly, recombinant IHNV gained higher virulence following substitution of the G gene with those of the VHSV strains, whilst the opposite was the case following substitution of the Nv genes.
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Milligan, C. L., and S. S. Girard. "LACTATE METABOLISM IN RAINBOW TROUT." Journal of Experimental Biology 180, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 175–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.180.1.175.
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We have investigated the metabolic fate of blood lactate in resting rainbow trout and in fish recovering from a bout of exhaustive exercise. At rest and during recovery from exercise, the majority of blood lactate was oxidized, the proportion increasing with increasing oxygen consumption. It is estimated that, during recovery from exhaustive exercise, lactate released from the muscle has the potential to fuel a significant portion of oxidative metabolism. The bulk of the remaining blood lactate reappeared in the muscle lactate pool, probably via direct uptake by the muscle. There was a significant incorporation of blood lactate into the muscle glycogen pool, providing strong evidence for in situ glycogenesis as the mode for muscle glycogen replenishment. To investigate the role of the liver in blood lactate clearance, trout were functionally hepatectomized by ligation of the hepatic portal circulation. The exercise performance of hepatectomized fish was equal to that of sham- operated fish and controls, indicating that muscle relies primarily on endogenous fuel stores. Furthermore, blood lactate levels immediately after exercise were greater and muscle metabolic recovery was faster in hepatectomized fish than in sham-operated fish and controls. These observations suggest that glycogen resynthesis in trout muscle may be retarded because of a non- recoverable loss of substrate (i.e. lactate) from the muscle, because the lactate released is utilized by the liver. These results are discussed in view of what is known about these processes in other ectothermic vertebrates.
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Panserat, S., F. Médale, C. Blin, J. Brèque, C. Vachot, E. Plagnes-Juan, E. Gomes, R. Krishnamoorthy, and S. Kaushik. "Hepatic glucokinase is induced by dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout, gilthead seabream, and common carp." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 278, no. 5 (May 1, 2000): R1164—R1170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.2000.278.5.r1164.
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Glucokinase (GK) plays a central role in glucose homeostasis in mammals. The absence of an inducible GK has been suggested to explain the poor utilization of dietary carbohydrates in rainbow trout. In this context, we analyzed GK expression in three fish species (rainbow trout , gilthead seabream, and common carp) known to differ in regard to their dietary carbohydrate tolerance. Fish were fed for 10 wk with either a diet containing a high level of digestible starch (>20%) or a diet totally deprived of starch. Our data demonstrate an induction of GK gene expression and GK activity by dietary carbohydrates in all three species. These studies strongly suggest that low dietary carbohydrate utilization in rainbow trout is not due to the absence of inducible hepatic GK as previously suggested. Interestingly, we also observed a significantly lower GK expression in common carp (a glucose-tolerant fish) than in rainbow trout and gilthead seabream, which are generally considered as glucose intolerant. These data suggest that other biochemical mechanisms are implicated in the inability of rainbow trout and gilthead seabream to control blood glucose closely.
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Blanchfield, Paul J., Lori S. Tate, and Cheryl L. Podemski. "Survival and behaviour of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) released from an experimental aquaculture operationThis paper is part of the series “Forty Years of Aquatic Research at the Experimental Lakes Area”." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 66, no. 11 (November 2009): 1976–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f09-127.
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The potential for farmed fish that have escaped from open-cage aquaculture operations to affect native populations will depend on their survival and behaviour in the wild. We used standard commercial practices to rear 10 tonnes of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in a 23 ha lake at the Experimental Lakes Area (Ontario, Canada). Each fall (2003–2005), we released farmed rainbow trout (escapees) into the study lake and monitored their movements using automated positioning telemetry. Rainbow trout experienced high annual mortality (~50%), with none surviving beyond 3 years. Farmed fish had narrowly defined pelagic distributions that comprised the upper few metres of the water column, even when at the cage site. Although released rainbow trout dispersed throughout the study lake, most spent significant portions of time at the cage site, especially during normal operation when commercial feed was available. Core use areas (50% Kernel) included the farm for half of the released fish. Surviving rainbow trout showed continued reliance upon the cage site in their second year. However, wide dispersal, high growth rate, and lack of reliance on the cage site by some escaped fish warrant further research to assess potential effects of open-cage aquaculture in the water bodies where the industry occurs.
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Audet, Céline, and Chris M. Wood. "Do Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Acclimate to Low pH?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 8 (August 1, 1988): 1399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-163.
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Adult rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) previously exposed to long-term sublethal acid stress (3 mo, pH 4.8) in artificial soft water (Ca2+ = 50, Na+ = 50, Cl− = 100 μeq∙L−1) were challenged with acute severe acid exposure (4.5–5 h, pH 4.0). Their response in terms of whole-body ionic exchanges and blood chemistry was compared with that of trout that had no previous history of acid exposure (naive fish). Acute pH 4.0 exposure caused significant ionoregulatory disturbances in both acid-preexposed and naive fish. Rates of net Na+ and Cl− body losses were twice as large in acid-preexposed fish as in naive fish. The two groups showed similar slight net uptake of acidic equivalents. However, the dynamics of acid–base exchange differed, especially with regard to ammonia excretion which was elevated in acid-preexposed fish and inhibited in naive fish. A larger decrease in plasma Na+, red blood cell swelling, and the maintenance of high-stress indicators (elevated plasma glucose and ammonia excretion, depressed osmolality) confirmed that osmo-ionoregulatory disturbances were more intense in acid-preexposed fish than in naive fish. Thus, long-term sublethal acid exposure did not improve but rather significantly decreased the ability of rainbow trout to respond to more severe acid stress. We conclude that acclimation to acid stress does not occur in rainbow trout.
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Kuchapski, Kathryn A., and Joseph B. Rasmussen. "Food chain transfer and exposure effects of selenium in salmonid fish communities in two watersheds in the Canadian Rocky Mountains." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 7 (July 2015): 955–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2014-0484.
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Selenium (Se) concentrations and fish biomass were examined in streams in two mined watersheds to determine if juvenile salmonids reflect local Se exposure concentrations downstream of surface coal mines and to investigate the relationship between Se exposure and toxicity effects at the fish community level. Se concentrations were measured in water, biofilm, macroinvertebrates, and muscle tissues from juvenile westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi), bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in mine-affected and reference streams. Significant positive Se transfer relationships were found at each measured level of the lotic food chain. Se accumulation from macroinvertebrates to juvenile fish muscle tissue was not significantly different among fish species, but indicated a significant positive relationship between juvenile fish muscle tissue and dietary Se at capture sites. Mean muscle Se concentrations in some stream reaches exceeded proposed individual-level toxic effective concentrations (EC10) in rainbow trout (3.14 ± 0.38 to 15.07 ± 2.24 mg·kg–1 dry mass) and westslope cutthroat trout (3.31 ± 0.32 to 13.79 ± 1.27 mg·kg–1 dry mass), but fish biomass at the reach scale was only significantly negatively related to mean fish muscle tissue Se concentrations for rainbow trout.
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Korman, Josh, Steven J. D. Martell, Carl J. Walters, Andrew S. Makinster, Lewis G. Coggins, Michael D. Yard, and William R. Persons. "Estimating recruitment dynamics and movement of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the Colorado River in Grand Canyon using an integrated assessment model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 69, no. 11 (November 2012): 1827–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2012-097.
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We used an integrated assessment model to examine effects of flow from Glen Canyon Dam, Arizona, USA, on recruitment of nonnative rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ) in the Colorado River and to estimate downstream migration from Glen Canyon to Marble Canyon, a reach used by endangered native fish. Over a 20-year period, recruitment of rainbow trout in Glen Canyon increased with the annual flow volume and when hourly flow variation was reduced and after two of three controlled floods. The model predicted that approximately 16 000 trout·year–1 emigrated to Marble Canyon and that the majority of trout in this reach originate from Glen Canyon. For most models that were examined, over 70% of the variation in emigration rates was explained by variation in recruitment in Glen Canyon, suggesting that flow from the dam controls in large part the extent of potential negative interactions between rainbow trout and native fish. Controlled floods and steadier flows, which were originally aimed at partially restoring conditions before the dam (greater native fish abundance and larger sand bars), appear to have been more beneficial to nonnative rainbow trout than to native fish.
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Simonin, Paul W., Lars G. Rudstam, Patrick J. Sullivan, Donna L. Parrish, and Bernard Pientka. "Early mortality and freshwater forage fish recruitment: nonnative alewife and native rainbow smelt interactions in Lake Champlain." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76, no. 5 (May 2019): 806–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0571.
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We studied the consequences of a nonnative species introduction and changes in temperature on early mortality and recruitment of native rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and nonnative alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Champlain using a simulation model. Distribution patterns of adults and young-of-the-year (YOY) fish were predicted using a model based on observed distribution of different age groups as a function of temperature and light profiles simulated on a daily basis. Mortality rates averaged over the growing season were calculated as a function of fish densities and overlap between adults and YOY. Survival of YOY rainbow smelt and alewife depended on which predator was most abundant. Rainbow smelt YOY mortality rates are highest when rainbow smelt adults are abundant, and alewife YOY mortality rates are highest when alewife adults are abundant, potentially allowing coexistence. August and September mortality rates were higher in the climate change scenario because of increased overlap of adults and YOY of both species. These results indicate that accounting for spatiotemporal fish distribution patterns can be important when forecasting the interacting effects of climate change and aquatic invasive species on fish recruitment.
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Yang, Bih-Ying, and Thomas T. Chen. "Identification of a New Growth Hormone Family Protein, Somatolactin-Like Protein, in the Rainbow Trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) Pituitary Gland." Endocrinology 144, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): 850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2002-221005.
Full textAbstract:
A cDNA encoding a new GH family protein expressed in the rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) pituitary gland was identified. Because the deduced amino acid sequence of this cDNA shares 56% homology with rainbow trout (rt) somatolactin (rtSL), we named it as rtSL-like protein (rtSLP). Comparison of the amino acid sequences of rtGH, rainbow trout prolactin (rtPRL), and rtSLP revealed that rtSLP shares 26% and 21% identity with that of rtGH and rtPRL, respectively. Trout SLP contains not only the known GH family protein conserved domains but also all of the four cysteine residues that are responsible for the formation of two disulfide linkages in GH, PRL, and SL. Immunoblot analysis revealed that rtSLP is secreted from the pituitary gland once it is synthesized. Unlike rtSL, rtSLP mRNA was readily detectable in pituitary glands of 2-yr fish (30–34 cm in length) but not in embryos or 1-yr fish (17–25 cm in length). Furthermore, the level of rtSLP mRNA in male fish is 2-fold higher than that in female fish. These results suggest that rtSLP might play a role in regulating the reproductive maturation in rainbow trout.
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Kaliniak, Agnieszka. "The effect of the fishing season on the use value and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture." Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego 15, no. 3 (October 2, 2019): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.5137.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of the research was to evaluate the impact of the fishing season on the value in use and physicochemical properties of the meat of selected fish species reared in Polish aquaculture. The study was conducted on five species: rainbow trout, common carp, grass carp, pike and tench. Fish were obtained from farms located in the Lublin Voivodeship in two seasons (spring/summer and autumn/winter). Morphometric measurements of the fish were performed, the percentage shares of body parts were assessed, and the physicochemical properties of the muscle tissue were measured: pH, electrical conductivity, water holding capacity, and CIE L*a*b* colour characteristics. The fishing season significantly affected the body weight of carp, rainbow trout and pike, the greatest body height of carp and rainbow trout, and the total length and head length of pike. Pike, grass carp and tench had significantly lower Fulton’s condition factors in the autumn/winter season than in the spring/summer season. The season significantly influenced the share of viscera in rainbow trout and grass carp, and that of fins in carp and rainbow trout. A significant impact of the season was also noted in the case of pH in rainbow trout and tench, electrical conductivity in trout, pike and tench, and the M/T ratio in grass carp and tench. Chromatic parameters differed significantly between seasons in pike (a*) and in carp and rainbow trout (b*).
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Vasilyev, Alexey, Olga Rudneva, and M. Rudnev. "EFFICIENCY OF RAINBOW TROUT CULTIVATION IN THE RECIRCULATING WATER SUPPLY FACILITY WITH THE USE OF STATE SUPPORT (WITH THE SARATOV REGION AS A CASE STUDY)." Fisheries 2020, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2020-3-117-120.
Full textAbstract:
The article deals with the dynamics of commercial fish production in Russia,
the Volga Federal district and the Saratov region. Dynamics of retail sale
of fish is given. Two variants of the project of rainbow trout cultivation in
recirculating water supply facilities aimed at 50 tons of fish a year with and
without use of the state grants are offered. The main competitive advantages
of rainbow trout cultivation are presented. The indicators of economic
efficiency of the project are given.
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Łuczyńska, Joanna, Beata Paszczyk, and Marek J. Łuczyński. "Fatty acid profiles in marine and freshwater fish from fish markets in northeastern Poland." Archives of Polish Fisheries 22, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2014-0018.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The fatty acid compositions were studied in eight commercially important fish from fish markets: salmon, Salmo salar L.; cod, Gadus morhua L.; common sole, Solea solea (L.); European flounder, Platichthys flesus (L.); catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell); rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walb.); Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.); and pangasius, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage). The freshwater fish contained 25.69-42.18% saturated, 34.90-43.79% monounsaturated, 8.46-16.32% n-6 polyunsaturated, and 5.01-20.43% n-3 polyunsaturated acid, while marine fish contained 18.53-32.77% saturated, 17.95-49.89% monounsaturated, 3.40-11.51% n-6 polyunsaturated, and 18.74-45.42% n-3 polyunsaturated acid. Marine fish contained significantly more Ʃn-3 PUFA (29.79%), EPA (12.26%), DHA (13.20%), and a higher n-3/n-6 (6.95) ratio than freshwater fish (13.13, 2.47, 7.14, 1.29%) (P≤ 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the n-3/n-6 ratio among fish species (cod (13.40) > sole (8.47) > flounder (4.30) > rainbow trout (2.41) > catfish (1.83) ≈ salmon (1.63) > tilapia (0.57) ≈ pangasius (0.36) (P ≤0.05)).
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Drobná, Z., J. Zelenka, E. Mrkvicová, and D. Kladroba. "Influence of dietary linseed and sunflower oil on sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Czech Journal of Animal Science 51, No. 11 (December 5, 2011): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3967-cjas.
Full textAbstract:
This study describes the effects of dietary linseed and sunflower oil on the sensory characteristics of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets. Rainbow trout were fed a diet containing either 2.5% or 5% of linseed or sunflower oil or 5% mixture of both oils (2.5% of each). Control group received a commercial feed mixture. A selected and trained panel carried out descriptive sensory tests on fish fillet cross-sections. The addition of vegetable oil into fish feed did not affect firmness, juiciness or intensity of total taste but had a significant impact on colour, intensity of odour and fish oily taste. A higher content of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in linseed oil, in comparison with sunflower oil, is often responsible for the development of an off-flavour. No trout fillet was rejected owing to the off-flavour presence. Both concentrations of linseed oil decreased the intensity of fish oily taste. Therefore, for the partial replacement of fish oil in rainbow trout feed it is recommended the use linseed oil, which is a good source of n-3 PUFA.
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Arostegui, M. C., and T. P. Quinn. "Ontogenetic and ecotypic variation in the coloration and morphology of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in a stream–lake system." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 128, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 681–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz113.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Alternative ecotypes of diverse animal taxa exhibit distinct, habitat-specific phenotypes. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a salmonid fish, exhibits stream-resident (fluvial), lake-migrant (adfluvial) and ocean-migrant (anadromous) ecotypes throughout its range. We investigated the coloration, and morphology associated with swimming performance of wild, native non-anadromous rainbow trout in connected stream and lake habitats of a south-west Alaskan watershed to assess if they exhibited phenotypic diversity consistent with the presence of alternative fluvial and adfluvial ecotypes. Colour differences among rainbow trout of different size classes and habitats (stream or lake) indicated ecotype-specific pathways, diverging at the same point in ontogeny and resulting in different terminal coloration patterns. Specifically, lake-caught fish exhibited distinct silvering of the body, whereas stream-caught fish displayed banded coloration when small and bronze colour when larger. The morphology of lake-caught rainbow trout also differed from that of stream-caught fish in features associated with swimming performance, and they exhibited both shared and unique morphological patterns compared to sympatric Salvelinus species in those habitats [Dolly Varden (S. malma) in streams, and Arctic char (S. alpinus) in the lake]. Greater morphological variation within stream- than lake-caught rainbow trout, and their limited overlap in morphology, suggested population-specific partial migration. This study highlights the intraspecific diversity of migratory behaviour and how conservation of particular phenotypes depends on managing both for genotypes and for habitats.
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Luo, Lin, Xuefeng Cai, Chuan He, Min Xue, Xiufeng Wu, and Haining Cao. "Immune response, stress resistance and bacterial challenge in juvenile rainbow trouts Oncorhynchus mykiss fed diets containing chitosan-oligosaccharides." Current Zoology 55, no. 6 (December 1, 2009): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/55.6.416.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Effects of dietary supplementation of chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) on the growth performance, immune response, stress resistance, and disease resistance of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were studied. Four experimental diets containing 0, 20, 40, or 60 mg/kg COS (COS0, COS20, COS40, and COS60, respectively) were fed to juvenile rainbow trout (initial weight = 5.2 ± 0.3g) for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, representative groups of fish from each dietary treatment were challenged with stressor (30 sec air exposure) and pathogen exposure (intraperitoneal injection with Aeromonas hydrophila). Results showed that supplementation of COS in diets did not affect production performance and body composition of rainbow trout. However, fish fed the COS40 diet demonstrated improved phagocytic activities, respiratory burst activities and decreased serum cortisol level. Additionally, survival following A. hydrophila challenge was significant higher among fish fed the COS-supplemented feeds, although there was no difference based on the level of supplementation. The present study suggests that COS can be used as an immuno-stimulant in rainbow trout feeds.
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Dodrill, Michael J., Charles B. Yackulic, Theodore A. Kennedy, Michael D. Yard, and Josh Korman. "As the prey thickens: rainbow trout select prey based upon width not length." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 78, no. 7 (July 2021): 809–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0113.
Full textAbstract:
Drift-feeding fish are typically considered size-selective predators. Yet, few studies have explicitly tested which aspect of prey “size” best explains size selection by drift-foraging fish. Here, we develop a Bayesian discrete choice model to evaluate how attributes of both prey and predator simultaneously influence size-selective foraging. We apply the model to a large dataset of paired invertebrate drift (n = 784) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) diets (n = 1028). We characterized prey “size” using six metrics (length, width, area, hemispherical area, volume, mass) and used pseudo-R2 to determine which metric best explained observed prey selection across seven taxa. We found that rainbow trout are positively size-selective, they are selecting prey based upon differences in prey width, and size-selectivity increases with fish length. Rainbow trout demonstrated strong selection for the adult and pupae stages of aquatic insects relative to their larval stages. Our study provides strong empirical evidence for size-selective foraging in rainbow trout and demonstrates prey selection is based primarily upon width, not length or area as has been widely reported.
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Wilson, Gary M., W. Kelley Thomas, and Andrew T. Beckenbach. "Intra- and inter-specific mitochondrial DNA sequence divergence in Salmo: rainbow, steelhead, and cutthroat trouts." Canadian Journal of Zoology 63, no. 9 (September 1, 1985): 2088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z85-307.
Full textAbstract:
Two forms of Salmo gairdneh with different life histories (steelhead and rainbow trout) were compared using restriction endonuclease analysis of mitochondrial DNA. A total of 19 individuals from four populations were studied for each of the two forms, using 14 restriction enzymes. In addition, five cutthroat trout samples were included as an interspecific comparison. These enzymes revealed a total of 81 cut sites, representing a sample of more than 400 nucleotides per fish. Of these sites, 25 were phylogenetically informative, dividing the 43 fish into 10 clonal lines, 8 Salmo gairdneri and 2 Salmo clarki. Results indicated detectable divergence between all geographic populations of steelhead and rainbow trout except Pennask rainbow trout, Coquihalla steelhead, and Wampus Creek rainbow trout. Other steelhead populations analysed showed a closer phylogenetic relationship to each other than to rainbow trout populations analysed. Intraspecific divergence was in most cases 1% or less, with a 1.5% maximum. Interspecific divergence between S. gairdneri and S. clarki was between 2% and 3.5%.
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Brown, Larry R., and Anne M. Brasher. "Effect of predation by Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of California roach (Lavinia symmetricus) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1639–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-758.
Full textAbstract:
We studied the effects of predatory Sacramento squawfish (Ptychocheilus grandis) on habitat choice of juvenile California roach (Lavinia symmetricus), adult roach, and juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in artificial streams. In single-prey trials, the proportion of fish found in pool habitat declined in the presence of squawfish for juvenile roach (from 0.55 to 0.00), adult roach (from 0.88 to 0.13), and juvenile rainbow trout (0.70 to 0.15). The presence of squawfish did not affect the use of riffle and edge habitats. Of the fish found in shallow water, the proportion found in edge habitat declined from juvenile roach (0.95) to adult roach (0.80) to juvenile rainbow trout (0.23). We also conducted experiments designed to simulate invasion of an area by squawfish, in which adult roach and juvenile rainbow trout were tested together in the presence and absence of squawfish. The proportion of prey in pool habitat in the presence of squawfish was greater in the two-prey trials than in the single-prey trials for both adult roach (0.31 and 0.13, respectively) and juvenile rainbow trout (0.33 and 0.15, respectively). These results support field evidence that squawfish are an important force in determining the spatial structure of native stream fish assemblages.
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Kriton, Grigorakis, Kogiannou Dimitra, Genevieve Corraze, Pérez-Sánchez Jaume, Agnes Adorjan, and J. Sándor Zsuzsanna. "Impact of Diets Containing Plant Raw Materials as Fish Meal and Fish Oil Replacement on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Freshness." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (February 15, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1717465.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed to evaluate whether the total or high substitution of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) by sustainable plant raw materials (plant meal and oils) in long-term feeding for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp can result in spoilage alterations during ice storage. These three species were fed throughout their whole rearing cycle with plant-based diets and compared to counterparts that received FM/FO-based diets or commercial-like diets. Sensory QIM schemes adopted for these species and ATP breakdown products (K-value and components) were used to evaluate the freshness. Sensory acceptability of 14, 15, and 12 days was found for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp, respectively. This corresponded to K-values of approximately 80%, 35%, and 65% for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp, respectively. No major effect of dietary history on postmortem shelf life was shown for gilthead sea bream and common carp; neither sensory-perceived nor chemical freshness showed diet-related differences. Rainbow trout fed with the plant-based diet exhibited slightly worse sensory freshness than fish fed with FM/FO-based diets, at the end of shelf life. These findings imply that FM and FO can be successfully substituted without major impacts on shelf life of fish.
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Degner, Shelee L., and Craig W. Hawryshyn. "Orientation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to multiple patches of linearly polarized light." Canadian Journal of Zoology 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 407–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-221.
Full textAbstract:
Orientation responses of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to two linearly polarized light patches were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Fish were trained to swim the length of the training tank under a polarized light field created by two linearly polarized stimuli that were oriented either parallel or perpendicular to the length of the tank. Trained fish were released in a circular tank and their angular responses were recorded. For each testing paradigm, the E-vector (electric vector) orientation of one of the two linearly polarized light patches was varied by 15° between 0° and 90°. Each fish was therefore tested in seven different paradigms in which the two E-vector orientations differed by 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90°. Rainbow trout oriented in a bimodal distribution when the two E-vector orientations differed by 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 90°. These results suggest that rainbow trout perceived the two stimuli as being the same when the two E-vector orientations differed by 45° or less. Conversely, rainbow trout did not significantly orient when the two E-vector orientations differed by 60° and 75°. Rainbow trout may be able to discriminate two E-vector orientations that differ between 60° and 75°, and therefore they do not significantly orient, since they perceive two distinct E-vectors to orient to instead of one. When rainbow trout were exposed to a depolarized light field, they did not exhibit significant orientation subsequent to the E-vector cue.
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Schafberg, Michaela, Karin Loest, Andreas Müller-Belecke, and Sascha Rohn. "Pike-Perch (Sander lucioperca) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Fed with an Alternative Microorganism Mix for Reducing Fish Meal and Oil—Fishes’ Growth Performances and Quality Traits." Foods 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2021): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081799.
Full textAbstract:
In the last decades, several plant-based materials were used for the substitution of fish meal and oil in aquaculture. The present study evaluated the fish quality and the sensory differences of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and pike-perch (Sander lucioperca) from three different feeding groups, which were fed a commercially available industrial (standard) diet, a control diet, and a special microorganism-based feed mix. This feed mainly consisted of a mix made of Rhodotorula glutinis, Crypthecodinium cohnii, and Arthrospira sp. and had 50% less fish meal and fish oil compared to typical control diets. At the beginning, the pike-perch population was six months old, and the rainbow trout population was 15 months old. The feeding study duration was 16 weeks and every four weeks the growth performance and several morphometric parameters were recorded. Afterwards, sensory evaluation took place to identify possible trends. Sensory evaluation revealed that the rainbow trout groups did not show any significant differences to the standard and control fish fillets with regard to odor, texture, and taste. The effects on rainbow trout growth performances and carcass parameters were similar to the standard group. The feed mix was not optimal for pike-perch farming, which was also reflected by significantly adversely affected growth performance and carcass parameters. The sensorial evaluation showed an opposite trend: here, only small differences in the fillets from the feed mix and standard/control diet were observed.
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Tkachenko, H., N. Kurhaluk, and J. Grudniewska. "ALTERATIONS OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLES AND CARDIAC TISSUE OF SALMONID AFTER DISINFECTING PROCEDURE WITH CHLORAMINE-T." Scientific and Technical Bulletin of the Institute of Animal Science NAAS of Ukraine, no. 125 (2021): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32900/2312-8402-2021-125-37-46.
Full textAbstract:
Chloramine-T is a widely used disinfectant for the treatment of gill diseases of fish in freshwater and can be toxic to fish. Therefore, the current study aimed to examine the safety of this disinfecting product (as it has been attracting researchers’ attention for applying in aquatic animals) for fish health using markers of aerobic and anaerobic capacity (i.e. lactate dehydrogenase activity) in the skeletal muscle and cardiac tissues of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum), grayling (Thymallus thymallus Linck), and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario). Twenty-two clinically healthy rainbow trout, twenty-one brown trout, and twenty graylings were exposed to Chloramine-T in a final concentration of 9 mg per L. The Control group of fish was handled in the same way as the exposed groups. Fish were bathed for 20 min and repeated three times every 3 days. Two days after the last bathing fish were sampled. In the skeletal muscle tissue, LDH activity was decreased in the rainbow trout and grayling after disinfection by Chloramine-T compared to the unhandled controls. On the other hand, LDH activity was increased in the skeletal muscle tissue of brown trout. In the cardiac tissue, disinfection by Chloramine-T caused the decrease of LDH activity in rainbow trout, brown trout, and grayling. Moreover, in unhandled controls, LDH activity in the cardiac tissue was higher by 107.5% (p = 0.000) in brown trout and by 57.6% (p = 0.001) in the grayling compared to the values obtained in skeletal muscles. The present investigation demonstrates the alterations in LDH activity in the skeletal muscles and cardiac tissue after the disinfecting procedure with Chloramine-T in dose 9 mg per L. Although, after disinfection, the rainbow trout, brown trout, and grayling showed decreased trends of aerobic responses in the cardiac tissue indicating adaptive response against the Chloramine-T toxicity. Similar trends were observed in the skeletal muscles of rainbow trout and grayling. On the other hand, LDH activity in the skeletal muscles of brown trout after the disinfecting procedure with Chloramine-T was increased. Therefore, these biochemical parameters can be considered as indicators for the assessment of disinfecting effects, although further studies are required for investigating the mechanism involved in this pattern.
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Bearzotti, Monique, Bernard Delmas, Annie Lamoureux, Anne-Marie Loustau, Stefan Chilmonczyk, and Michel Bremont. "Fish Rhabdovirus Cell Entry Is Mediated by Fibronectin." Journal of Virology 73, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 7703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.9.7703-7709.1999.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Three monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) generated against rainbow trout gonad cells (RTG-2) have been selected for their ability to protect cells from the viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) infection, a salmonid rhabdovirus. Protection from infection was restricted to the salmonid-derived cell lines indicating species specificity of the blocking MAbs. Surprisingly, the blocking activity of these MAbs was also effective against other nonantigenically related fish rhabdoviruses. Indirect immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy observations demonstrated that the three MAbs were all directed against an abundant cell plasma membrane component, and immunoprecipitation studies indicated that the target consisted of a heterodimeric complex with molecular masses of 200 and 44 kDa. Biochemical data provided the following evidence that fibronectin is part of this complex and that it could represent the main receptor for fish rhabdoviruses. (i) An antiserum generated against the 200-kDa protein reacted against the recombinant rainbow trout fibronectin expressed in Escherichia coli. (ii) The purified rainbow trout fibronectin was able to bind specifically to VHSV. To our knowledge, this is the first identification of a cellular component acting as a primary receptor for a virus replicating in lower vertebrates and, more interestingly, for viruses belonging to theRhabdoviridae family.
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Keeley, E. R., E. A. Parkinson, and E. B. Taylor. "Ecotypic differentiation of native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations from British Columbia." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62, no. 7 (July 1, 2005): 1523–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f05-062.
Full textAbstract:
We sampled 34 native rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations over a wide geographic area of British Columbia to determine whether variation in morphology is related to differences in habitat or fish community characteristics experienced by a population. After correcting for differences in body size, the most dramatic differences occurred in external characteristics between stream- and lake-dwelling populations. Rainbow trout from streams had more robust bodies with larger caudal peduncles and heads and longer paired fins than rainbow trout from lakes. Unlike other lake populations, piscivorous rainbow trout populations had relatively large heads and mouths that were more similar in size to those of stream-dwelling populations. We found fewer differences in the size of internal organs across ecotypes, producing little predictive ability of these characteristics to differentiate populations of rainbow trout. We also sampled 27 additional rainbow trout populations with unknown fish communities to determine how well large-scale patterns predict morphological differentiation over a smaller spatial scale. Of the five ecotypes that we detected at a smaller scale, the largest differences again occurred between stream and lake populations. Our data suggest that external morphological variation among populations of rainbow trout covaries with ecological conditions at a variety of spatial scales, particularly between lakes and rivers.
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Urbaniak, Tanner J., Michael E. Barnes, and Jacob L. Davis. "Acoustic Transmitters Impact Rainbow Trout Growth in a Competitive Environment." Open Fish Science Journal 9, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874401x01609010037.
Full textAbstract:
Fish implanted with acoustic transmitters are assumed to behave and grow after stocking similar to untagged fish. In this study, three groups (tagged, sham, and control) of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss [mean (SD) initial length = 277 (24) mm] range were maintained together in three raceways for 90 days, with each raceway containing 10 tagged, 10 sham, and 10 control fish. The fish in the tagged group were anesthetized and had an inert transmitter inserted via a ventral incision. Fish in the sham group were anesthetized and had an incision without transmitter implantation, while the control group was anesthetized only. In each raceway, trout with the inert transmitters were significantly lighter and shorter than fish from the other two groups at the end of the experiment. However, the reduction in weight, length, and specific growth rate occurred primarily during the first 38 days post-tagging, with tagged fish growing at similar rates to the other two groups for the final 52 days of the experiment. Mortality data indicated a survival threshold of 280 mm length in the tagged fish, with 100% survival of the Rainbow Trout greater than 280 mm and only 59.1% survival of trout less than 280 mm. Based on the results of this study, rainbow trout implanted with 9 x 24 mm, 3.6 g acoustic transmitters should be held prior to release for a minimum of 38 days to ensure similar growth rates as untagged conspecifics, and only trout with an initial length greater than 280 mm should be used to maximize survival.
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Ramakrishna, N. R., and M. D. B. Burt. "Tissue Response of Fish to Invasion by Larval Pseudoterranova decipiens (Nematoda; Ascaridoidea)." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 1623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-192.
Full textAbstract:
The histopathology of Pseudoterranova decipiens (L3) in experimentally infected rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and naturally infected Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) was similar. The chronic granulomatous inflammatory reaction included polymorphonuclear neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelioid cells, and fibroblasts. Giant cells were also found but only in the experimentally infected rainbow trout. Mature capsules around the larvae consisted of an inner layer, composed of macrophages which underwent epithelioid transformation and later gradually degenerated, and an outer layer, composed of fibroblasts and collagen fibres. A layer of lipofuscin was adjacent to the parasite in older cod infections but this was absent in all of the newly formed capsules in the experimentally infected rainbow trout.
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Danzmann, Roy G., Glen J. Van Der Kraak, Thomas T. Chen, and Dennis A. Powers. "Metabolic Effects of Bovine Growth Hormone and Genetically Engineered Rainbow Trout Growth Hormone in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Reared at a High Temperature." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 47, no. 7 (July 1, 1990): 1292–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f90-148.
Full textAbstract:
The growth promoting ability of bovine growth hormone purified from natural sources (bGH) and genetically engineered rainbow trout growth hormone (rtGH) were compared in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared at 17.0 °C. Fish were fed high (on-demand feeding) and low (2.8–4.6% of body weight/d) rations. On both rations, length specific growth rates were significantly higher in bGH treated fish than in all other treatments. No significant differences in weight specific growth rates were detected between treatments. Testosterone levels in fish fed the high ration and treated with 1.0 μg/g rtGH or bGH were significantly elevated compared with controls as were 17-β-estradiol levels in females. bGH significantly reduced condition factors of low ration fish, and bGH and rtGH significantly depressed hepatosomatic indicies of high ration fish compared with controls. In a second experiment, weight and length specific growth rates were higher in rtGH and bGH injected fish than in saline controls but these differences were not significant. DNA standardized RNA levels were higher in rtGH and bGH treated fish than in saline control fish and these differences were significant in bGH treated fish. Results indicate that at high rearing temperatures GH administration does not have a major influence on growth but does stimulate steroidogenic and metabolic activity.
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Nombela, Ivan, Aurora Carrion, Sara Puente-Marin, Veronica Chico, Luis Mercado, Luis Perez, Julio Coll, and Maria del Mar Ortega-Villaizan. "Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus triggers antiviral immune response in rainbow trout red blood cells, despite not being infective." F1000Research 6 (December 13, 2017): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12994.2.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Some fish viruses, such as piscine orthoreovirus and infectious salmon anemia virus, target red blood cells (RBCs), replicate inside them and induce an immune response. However, the roles of RBCs in the context of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection have not been studied yet.Methods: Ex vivo rainbow trout RBCs were obtained from peripheral blood, Ficoll purified and exposed to IPNV in order to analyze infectivity and immune response using RT-qPCR, immune fluorescence imaging, flow cytometry and western-blotting techniques.Results: IPNV could not infect RBCs; however, IPNV increased the expression of the INF1-related genesifn-1,pkrandmxgenes. Moreover, conditioned media from IPNV-exposed RBCs conferred protection against IPNV infection in CHSE-214 fish cell line.Conclusions: Despite not being infected, rainbow trout RBCs could respond to IPNV with increased expression of antiviral genes. Fish RBCs could be considered as mediators of the antiviral response and therefore targets of new strategies against fish viral infections. Further research is ongoing to completely understand the molecular mechanism that triggers this antiviral response in rainbow trout RBCs.
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Moyano, F. J., G. Cardenete, and M. de la Higuera. "Use of two vegetable by-products as protein sources in rainbow trout feeding." Animal Science 55, no. 2 (October 1992): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100037569.
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AbstractTwo experiments were designed to test the possibility of partially replacing fish-meal protein in rainbow trout either with maize-gluten meal (MGM) (experiment 1) or potato protein concentrate (PPC) (experiment 2). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) 30 g initial average weight were given diets containing different levels of MGM or PPC proteins ranging from 0 to 0·4 or to 0·6 of dietary protein, respectively. Substitutions of fish meal either by MGM or PPC were carried out establishing two different total dietary protein levels; 350 and 450 g/kg. Results showed that the MGM diets were acceptable and gave a significant enhancement (over 0·37 in the better case) in nutrient utilization when compared with those including only fish meal. On the contrary, diets including PPC were poorly accepted, and the growth offish and nutrient utilization were negatively correlated with dietary levels of PPC. It is concluded that levels of MGM representing around 400 g/kg diet can be used in foods for rainbow trout, whereas PPC appears not to be a suitable protein source for those fish.
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Karahmet, E., A. Viles, A. Katica, N. Mlaco, and A. Toroman. "Differences between white and red muscle fibers diameter in three salmon fish species." Biotehnologija u stocarstvu 30, no. 2 (2014): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/bah1402349k.
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Because of skeletal muscle is the main contributor to body weight in most fish, it is probable that the species of the fish is limited by the growth of this tissue. Several aspects of both somatic size and skeletal muscle growth was investigated in this research work included a total of 20 brown trout (Salmo truta m. fario Lineus), 20 brook trout (Salvelinus alpinus) and 20 rainbow trout (Oncorynchus mykkis Walbaum), the average weight of 200 grams. Gathered data showed that rainbow trout has a faster increasing white muscles then other two fish species at same body weight. Main peak of diameter white muscles was 31-40 ?m (30.55%) and 41-50 ?m (22.15%) for rainbow trout. In mean time in the other two fish groups (brown trout and brook trout) was 21-30 ?m (40.1% or 39.27%) and 31-40 ?m (39.27% or 33.85%) of measured cross sectional areas. Distribution measured cross sectional areas of red muscles laniary goes down from the <20 ?m to >71 ?m.
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Agellon, L. B., C. J. Emery, J. M. Jones, S. L. Davies, A. D. Dingle, and T. T. Chen. "Promotion of Rapid Growth of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) by a Recombinant Fish Growth Hormone." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 45, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 146–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f88-016.
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The rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) growth hormone (GH) cDNA clone isolated previously programs the synthesis in Escherichia coli of a chimeric GH polypeptide that differs from the mature form of the natural hormone by an additional 11 amino acid residues at the NH2-terminus. Treatment of yearling rainbow trout with an enriched preparation of this recombinant GH resulted in enhancement of growth. Specific growth rates, weight increase, and length increase of GH-treated fish were markedly higher than those of the mock-treated or untreated fish. In addition, the chemical composition and ultrastructure of muscle tissue of GH-treated fish were not significantly different from that of control fish. These results suggest that the recombinant GH possesses growth-promoting activity and that GH-treatment results in not only accelerated but also normal growth of fish.
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Blank, Matt D., Kevin M. Kappenman, Kathryn Plymesser, Katharine Banner, and Joel Cahoon. "Swimming Performance of Rainbow Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout in an Open-Channel Flume." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 11, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/052019-jfwm-040.
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Abstract We used an open-channel flume to characterize the swimming performance of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Westslope Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi ranging nominally in fork length from 15 to 30 cm. With an open-channel flume, we observed volitional swim performance of wild-caught Rainbow Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout; the fish were not coerced, prodded, or spooked into action. We also observed the maximum short-duration swim speed of the fish, providing important effective leap or velocity challenge information for the design of intentional barriers. We conducted the experiment with a consistently low water velocity challenge and characterized swim speeds by using weighted least-squares regression, revealing no evidence of a difference in swim speeds between the two species. We estimated the overall average swim speed for Rainbow Trout to be 0.84 m/s (SE = 0.02), with a 95% confidence interval of 0.79–0.89 m/s, and that for Westslope Cutthroat Trout to be 0.84 m/s (SE = 0.03), with a 95% confidence interval of 0.78–0.90 m/s. The maximum swim speeds observed were 2.72 m/s for Rainbow Trout and 3.55 m/s for Westslope Cutthroat Trout. The project results provide new information on the swimming ability of wild Rainbow Trout and Westslope Cutthroat Trout that can be used to improve fish passage or barrier design.
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Shabani, Fazli, Elvira Beli, and Agim Rexhepi. "Sensory Freshness Assessment of Ice Stored Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1597. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i10.1597-1602.2635.
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Sensory quality characteristics of fish are very important factors on acceptance and market value of the product. Quality assessment of fish should be precise, fast, systematic and comprehensive regarding freshness attributes. The objectives of this study were to describe weather the QIM (Quality Index Method) scheme for salmonides can be used to determine the freshness and describe the sensory changes during storage. Quality assessment of the fresh water rainbow trout (n=36) was performed on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 of ice storage on temperatures from 0.6-0.8°C. Through the QIM scheme the specific freshness attribute deterioration can be very well described and the QIM score produced a clear result, which showed that the deterioration of fish is linear and has a strong correlation with the time of storage. The QIM scheme for farmed salmon can be used to evaluate the freshness of the rainbow trout. It can also be used to ascertain and predict the remaining shelf life of rainbow trout stored in ice. Under similar conditions, the maximal shelf life of ungutted rainbow trout is 14±2 days or 15 demerit points of framed salmon QIM scheme.
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Pérez-Fuentetaja, Alicia, Susan A. Mackintosh, Lisa R. Zimmerman, Mark D. Clapsadl, Mehran Alaee, and Diana S. Aga. "Trophic transfer of flame retardants (PBDEs) in the food web of Lake Erie." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 72, no. 12 (December 2015): 1886–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2015-0088.
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We studied the occurrence, bioaccumulation, and biomagnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in a mixed food web of native and non-native species in Lake Erie. Non-native species were found at the basal level of the web (dreissenid mussels), at the intermediate level (round gobies, rainbow smelt), and at the top predator rung (steelhead trout). Mean concentrations of total PBDEs in biota (wet mass) ranged from 1.03 ng·g–1 in dreissenid mussels to 31.5 ng·g–1 in walleye. Large piscivores (smallmouth bass, steelhead trout, walleye, and lake trout) had PBDE concentrations three to seven times higher than prey fish (emerald shiners, round gobies, rainbow smelt, and yellow perch). Walleye had the highest concentration of PBDEs among all of the fish species analyzed. BDE 47 was the dominant congener found in biota. Biomagnification factors (corrected for trophic level) indicated that total PBDEs were biomagnified in three fish species: rainbow smelt, smallmouth bass, and steelhead trout. Overall, BDEs 47 and 100 had the highest level of trophic magnification (TMF) from invertebrates to top predators. For fish species, the highest TMF was for BDEs 47 and 49+71. We found that dreissenid mussels and round gobies had the lowest PBDE contamination of the organisms analyzed; however, other non-native prey species such as rainbow smelt contributed significantly to the biomagnification of PBDEs.
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BANDILLA, M., T. HAKALAHTI, P. J. HUDSON, and E. T. VALTONEN. "Aggregation of Argulus coregoni (Crustacea: Branchiura) on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): a consequence of host susceptibility or exposure?" Parasitology 130, no. 2 (September 21, 2004): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006407.
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By sampling individual rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, at a fish farm we showed that Argulus coregoni were aggregated within their host population. The relative significance of susceptibility and exposure generating the observed pattern was tested using experimental infections. We examined, whether rainbow trout developed protective resistance mechanisms against the louse following a challenge infection and if there was variation between individual trout in their susceptibility to A. coregoni metanauplii. Fish were exposed to 20 A. coregoni for 5, 25, 50, 85 or 120 min and the numbers attaching recorded. Three weeks later, developing argulids were removed and the experiment repeated with a standardized exposure of 20 metanauplii. Prior exposure of fish with A. coregoni did not reduce the total infection intensity compared to naïve fish, but fish gained infection more rapidly. We suggest that there is no protective acquired resistance of pre-exposed rainbow trout to subsequent Argulus exposure. The possibility that an immunosuppressive mechanism by argulids was acting enabling the higher attachment rate could be refuted since control individuals, not previously exposed to lice, gained the infection at a similar rate as the fish challenged twice. Our results do not indicate clear differences in susceptibility among individual fish but the transmission of metanauplii on fish seemed to be opportunistic and non-selective. Our results support the view that variation in exposure time, rather than differences in susceptibility of individual hosts, might be the key factor in generating the aggregated distribution of Argulus on their hosts.
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Lindström, Miia, Mari Nevas, Sebastian Hielm, Liisa Lähteenmäki, Michael W. Peck, and Hannu Korkeala. "Thermal Inactivation of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Type E Spores in Model Fish Media and in Vacuum-Packaged Hot-Smoked Fish Products." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 7 (July 2003): 4029–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.7.4029-4036.2003.
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ABSTRACT Thermal inactivation of nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type E spores was investigated in rainbow trout and whitefish media at 75 to 93°C. Lysozyme was applied in the recovery of spores, yielding biphasic thermal destruction curves. Approximately 0.1% of the spores were permeable to lysozyme, showing an increased measured heat resistance. Decimal reduction times for the heat-resistant spore fraction in rainbow trout medium were 255, 98, and 4.2 min at 75, 85, and 93°C, respectively, and those in whitefish medium were 55 and 7.1 min at 81 and 90°C, respectively. The z values were 10.4°C in trout medium and 10.1°C in whitefish medium. Commercial hot-smoking processes employed in five Finnish fish-smoking companies provided reduction in the numbers of spores of nonproteolytic C. botulinum of less than 103. An inoculated-pack study revealed that a time-temperature combination of 42 min at 85°C (fish surface temperature) with >70% relative humidity (RH) prevented growth from 106 spores in vacuum-packaged hot-smoked rainbow trout fillets and whole whitefish stored for 5 weeks at 8°C. In Finland it is recommended that hot-smoked fish be stored at or below 3°C, further extending product safety. However, heating whitefish for 44 min at 85°C with 10% RH resulted in growth and toxicity in 5 weeks at 8°C. Moist heat thus enhanced spore thermal inactivation and is essential to an effective process. The sensory qualities of safely processed and more lightly processed whitefish were similar, while differences between the sensory qualities of safely processed and lightly processes rainbow trout were observed.
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Nilsson, G. E., M. Perez-Pinzon, K. Dimberg, and S. Winberg. "Brain sensitivity to anoxia in fish as reflected by changes in extracellular K+ activity." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 264, no. 2 (February 1, 1993): R250—R253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1993.264.2.r250.
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Most vertebrates have a very limited tolerance to anoxia. The only exceptions to this rule are found among ectothermic species, notably crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and freshwater turtles. It has been assumed that the brains of these species are less sensitive to anoxia than ectothermic brains in general. However, it has not been possible to exclude that anoxia-intolerant species like rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) die from heart failure rather than brain failure during anoxia, and that the average ectothermic brain is actually rather insensitive to anoxia. By simultaneously measuring the effect of anoxia on brain extracellular K+ activity ([K+]o), blood pressure, and heart rate in rainbow trout, we show that the rainbow trout brain rapidly loses ion homeostasis during anoxia, despite an initial increase in blood pressure. The rainbow trout brain showed a sudden transient increase in [K+]o (suggesting a rapid depolarization) after approximately 30 min of anoxia at 10 degrees C. At the same time the blood pressure was still close to the normoxic value. In a comparative experiment, crucian carp was found to maintain a low brain [K+]o for at least 6 h of anoxia. Thus the results suggest that the rainbow trout brain is anoxia-intolerant in itself, and that its ability to maintain ion gradients during anoxia is very much lower than that of crucian carp. If temperature differences are taken into account, the anoxia sensitivity of the rainbow trout brain is comparable to that of mammals.
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Ito, T., and T. Kamaishi. "Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata and red sea bream Pagrus major susceptibility to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) isolate." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 146 (August 12, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao03615.
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Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is known as a causative agent of heavy mortalities in farmed rainbow trout. However, there is limited information on its virulence for marine fish species. In this study, Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata and red sea bream Pagrus major were experimentally infected by intraperitoneal (IP) injection and immersion, with an IHNV isolate from rainbow trout in Japan, to evaluate the virulence of the virus for these fish species. The cumulative mortality for immersed rainbow trout was 15%. IHNV was isolated from all dead fish and 50% of the sequentially sampled rainbow trout. When Japanese amberjack were challenged by IP injection and immersion, the resulting cumulative mortality was 70% and 0%, respectively. The virus was isolated from all dead fish and 1 out of 3 Japanese amberjack sampled at 9 d post exposure. However, no mortality was observed in either of the red sea bream groups challenged with IHNV. IHNV was not isolated from any of the surviving red sea bream, or from any of the sequentially sampled fish. The viral titer on Japanese amberjack-derived YTF cells was in the same log range as that on FHM and RTH-149 cells, but the titers on the red sea bream cell lines SBK and GBRS were lower than the other cell lines, and were significantly different from the FHM and RTH-149 cell lines. These results suggest that Japanese amberjack has a low susceptibility to IHNV, and red sea bream has no or little susceptibility to the virus.
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Ouaissa, Khadija, Assia Kritihi, Youness Oumessoud, Abdel Aziz Maychal, and Mustapha Hasnaoui. "Modeling of discharges from the breeding basins of rainbow trout fed with three extruded feeds (B, F1, and F2)." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400040.
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The main of this study is to estimate the maximum density of fish in the growing basins of rainbow trout (Oncorhynkiss Mykiss) species by mathematical equations, which will be used to introduce environmental concerns. Indeed, these equations make it possible to estimate the maximum density of fish fed by the extruded feed B and the two elaborated exruded feeds (F1 and F2) to achieve an optimal production without harming the environment. Note that the elements (PO43-, NH4 +, NO2-, NO3-, SM, COD) were analyzed during the rainbow trout grow-out test in the breeding station of 'Oum Er rbia. According to the results of density modeling as a function of physicochemical parameters, production can increase up to a density of ρF2 = 237.09 Kg / m3 without affecting the quality of the water while respecting the required standards. Our results show that the F2 formulation, containing 60% protein of animal origin and 40% of vegetable protein gives great zootechnical growth of rainbow trout with a low production of fish waste.
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Gilmour, K. M., P. M. Craig, R. S. Dhillon, G. Y. Lau, and J. G. Richards. "Regulation of energy metabolism during social interactions in rainbow trout: a role for AMP-activated protein kinase." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 313, no. 5 (November 1, 2017): R549—R559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00341.2016.
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Rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) confined in pairs form social hierarchies in which subordinate fish typically experience fasting and high circulating cortisol levels, resulting in low growth rates. The present study investigated the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in mediating metabolic adjustments associated with social status in rainbow trout. After 3 days of social interaction, liver AMPK activity was significantly higher in subordinate than dominant or sham (fish handled in the same fashion as paired fish but held individually) trout. Elevated liver AMPK activity in subordinate fish likely reflected a significantly higher ratio of phosphorylated AMPK (phospho-AMPK) to total AMPK protein, which was accompanied by significantly higher AMPKα1 relative mRNA abundance. Liver ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations in subordinate fish also were elevated, perhaps as a result of AMPK activity. Sham fish that were fasted for 3 days exhibited effects parallel to those of subordinate fish, suggesting that low food intake was an important trigger of elevated AMPK activity in subordinate fish. Effects on white muscle appeared to be influenced by the physical activity associated with social interaction. Overall, muscle AMPK activity was significantly higher in dominant and subordinate than sham fish. The ratio of phospho-AMPK to total AMPK protein in muscle was highest in subordinate fish, while muscle AMPKα1 relative mRNA abundance was elevated by social dominance. Muscle ATP and creatine phosphate concentrations were high in dominant and subordinate fish at 6 h of interaction and decreased significantly thereafter. Collectively, the findings of the present study support a role for AMPK in mediating liver and white muscle metabolic adjustments associated with social hierarchy formation in rainbow trout.