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1
Forrest, Tana Nolethu. "Traversing racial boundaries: thoughts on a rainbow nation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12840.
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Includes bibliographical references.This research begins to reflect on how multiracial families navigate racialised difference in everyday life in South Africa. It utilises qualitative data collected in both Mahikeng and Cape Town, to throw light on various people’s lived experience of race in South Africa, whilst concurrently drawing from the large discourse on race in South Africa and elsewhere. The findings suggest that multiracial families are interacting with the remnants of Apartheid still evident in South Africa - most notably in discourses of racially homogenous kinship and racial categorisation – whilst concurrently thinking about new ways to engage with and envision possibilities beyond the dominant discourses of race evident in South Africa at present. These possibilities take the forms of recognising kinship which crosses racial and biological boundaries, engaging with the limitations of Apartheid racial categorisation in a space where Apartheid and all legislation pertaining to interracial relationships has been dismantled, and formulating new language with which to accommodate racial diversity. This implies that whilst South Africa remains haunted by its past, possibilities for alternative ways of engaging with race are emerging. The research contributes to on-going debates about how racialized difference is accommodated within post-apartheid South Africa. It allows for critical reflection on (a) the state of the family in South Africa; (b) formations of difference and similarity and(c) the ways in which historically racialised discourse and practice remain embedded in everyday social interactions.
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Freemantle, Simon Arthur Christopher. "Brand South Africa : Dutch impressions of the ‘Rainbow Nation’." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3337.
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Thesis (MA (Political Science))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.This thesis aims to assess what perceptions a sample population of Dutch students in Amsterdam have of South Africa from a broad range of social, political and cultural indicators. Until now, research into the existent perceptions regarding South Africa in the international community has been limited, which has implications for the formulation of its branding strategies and the possibility of their successful implementation at a crucial stage in the development of the country’s international reputation. Based on a theoretical framework which assumes the potential of nation branding for developing states, this thesis aims to provide an assessment of several historical and contemporary challenges faced by Brand South Africa, the most salient of which are linked to the fundamental need for consistency in the promotion of the nation’s identity. This analysis introduces the empirical research upon which the study is based and thereby explains the ambiguous nature of South Africa’s post-Apartheid brand identity.
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Dewoo, Moshumee Teena. "Mauritianism or the mitigated euphoria of the rainbow nation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14118.
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Extensively hailed as an economic miracle, an irrefutable ile durable that even defies until today the extrapolations and predictions of the greatest of writers such as Trinidadian V.S. Naipaul about the economic status of the country after it achieved independence, Mauritius has also grown to be known as the archetypal independent state, nurturing a rainbow nation, enn nation larkansiel. Indeed, one cannot deny such glimpses of Mauritianism, where all come together, "as one people, as one nation", as enn sel lepep, enn sel nation to celebrate the island and to celebrate their Mauritianism, their perhaps-hybrid identities and their unique modes of identification. It is undeniable that, to a certain extent, lines of ethnic and cultural differences have become indistinguishable through cultural assimilation, national events, inter-ethnic marriages and post-independence socio-economic relationships, giving Mauritians the appearance of being "one people". However, whilst the island's movement to a stable and successful economy is obvious, observable and is recognised around the globe, the official discourse of a peaceful multiethnic space, a unified multicultural nation proves limited, is mostly mystical, is outdated, if not deceptive of national Mauritian realities: Mauritianism (the rainbow nation) is not described in its authentic, scientific and complete form, but is interpreted and represented, is mystified, kept romantic, euphoric, poetic, inexplicable, and remains narrow. The Mauritian aspiration to the rainbow nation, as well as progressive co-habitation, reciprocal exchanges and the related socio-economic and political matters (what Mauritians experience) seem to have been simplified, if not misidentified as accomplished non-ethnic and future-oriented national unification and homogeneity (what is depicted of the Mauritian people in much of foreign – and archaic - scholarship and other narratives about the island's social stature). The multicultural Mauritian nation and its development, known to Mauritians and explained by local authors, are far more nuanced and complex than the hypothetical, the imagined, exultant, extraordinary and completed rainbow nation' that is praised by many within and beyond Mauritius, and that is envied by those larger nations that have not yet made their multicultural origins a socio-economic asset towards progress and prosperity. It can be argued, therefore, that although not completed, Mauritianism is a possibility sustained mainly in the imaginaries, especially those of non-Mauritians, that the idyllic Mauritian nation is an imagined community. Writing from an experiential point of view, a Mauritian perspective15, would thence contribute to the understanding and explanation of the 'less euphoric', the actual, the physical, the tangible Mauritian nation, perhaps not in its entirety, but at least in its progression, its other realities, its various waves, its challenges and its complexities. Mauritianism, as will be explained in this thesis, is not (yet) a fait accompli, at least not to Mauritians. It remains in many regards an aspiration. What is also interesting, following this logic, is not to look at the consequences of the myth of and the constant aspiration to Chazalian nationalism, but to explore what it claims and possesses, what it interprets and refigures, and what it silences and suppresses.
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Anagrius, Arvid. "Constructing the Rainbow Nation : Migration and national identity in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324852.
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Post-Apartheid South Africa has seen xenophobic sentiments towards migrants increase, culminating in several deadly riots. The words of equality and diversity, nurtured during the fight for independence seem to be far away. Building on Micheal Neocosmos theories on South African Xenophobia as a political discourse, this thesis examines how nationalist discourse creates and sustains negative perceptions of migrants. Using theories on national identity to undertake a critical discourse analysis of South African parliament proceedings, it illustrates how the perception of a civic and democratic nation, naturalizes a dichotomy between migrants and citizens. How the narrative of an equal and free South Africa, relies on the opposite perception of neighboring countries, as chaotic, undemocratic and un-free, resulting in a negative view of migrants. It argues that the opposing discourse of Pan-Africanism provides an opportunity in which a more inclusive identity can be built. Finally this thesis wishes to contribute to further research on national identity construction, by proposing a four-dimensional framework of exclusion that provides a reference point for contrasting national discourses
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Melhem, Sari. "Hózhó, A Rainbow Project for Healthy People." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/105088.
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This thesis thrives to promote community health and wellbeing through smart design, celebrating culture(s), and offering efficacious and real-world solutions to mitigate certain challenges arising from the imminent threat of climate change and the gradual depletion of our planet's natural resources. The projected building harnesses naturel forces, minimizes energy consumption, and uses natural/passive strategies like thermal mass and natural ventilation. Interior spaces enjoy an abundance of Natural lighting, biophilic attributes, and thera-serlized or uninterrupted views. It generates electrical energy due to adequate solar power and clear skies, especially in hot and arid climates like the proposed location of the project in Tuba City, AZ. In my proposal of a sustainable, community-focused, wellness center, this project will attempt to embrace diversity, celebrate the Navajos heritage through incorporating their belief system and culture into the genius Loci of the place, which will have a long-term healing effect on patients during their journey of recovery. The Navajo nation is a native American reservation and a self-governing community located in the southwest of the US between four states (UT, AZ, NM, CO). Since it's an Underserved, marginalized, and medically under-resourced community, the Navajo Nation was prone to COVID-19 onslaught in 2020, which resulted in substantial number of cases compared to other US states.Master of Architecture
In Dec 2020, the World witnessed the first case of Coronavirus disease or COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. The disease has since spread rapidly worldwide, leading to an ongoing pandemic. Like many countries across the globe, the health system in the United States of America has to grabble with this deadly virus by inducing measures such as mask mandates and lockdowns in many US states. Unfortunately, and due to economic and social disparities, COVID-19 pandemic has brought injustice and inequity to the forefront of public health. Some communities were hit hard due to lack of emergency response, the availability of health professionals, and healthcare infrastructure. Tuba city, which is the Diné or the Navajo nation second-largest community in Coconino County, AZ, was majorly hit with COVID-19 resulting in a significant number of cases compared to other US cities. This project is a critical component of an emergency preparedness matrix that can firstly; help absorb the shock of such outbreaks by providing primary and outpatient services. Secondly; it offers community-focused and wellness service that can empower underserved, under-resourced and valuable communities like the Navajo Nation. This project is unique due to its inherited and embedded characteristics of bringing the Navajo tradition into the spirit of the building, by celebrating their culture making it a key component in a patent's healing process.
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Diallo, MIN. "The Illusion of the Rainbow Nation: The Unconstitutionality of Racial Classification?" University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7640.
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Magister Legum - LLMIn societies emerging from segregation or division based on the biological factors of race and/ or colour, the centrality (or lack thereof) of race and colour within those legal systems plays a critical role in the progression and transformation of such societies. South Africa is one such society where race was the dividing criterion which saw the population ‘be[ing] turned into races through social practices [during] apartheid….’1 The post-amble to South Africa’s Interim Constitution2 states that the document was to form a: [H]istoric bridge between the past of a deeply divided society…and a future founded on the recognition of human rights, democracy and peaceful co-existence and development opportunities for all South Africans, irrespective of colour [and] race…. Le Roux asserts that the late Didcott J in Azapo v The President of the Republic ofSouth Africa3 believed that the metaphor of this bridge ‘implied an absolute break between the old and the new’, a transformation that was meant to be achieved by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC).4 Established by section 2 of the Promotion of National Unity and Reconciliation Act5 (PNURA) the TRC was mandated with ‘promot[ing] national unity and reconciliation…which transcends the conflicts and divisions of the past ….’6 This, as it was envisioned, would facilitate the transition that the Republic was making [from parliamentary sovereignty] into ‘democratic constitutionalism’.7 However, the failing of the TRC in achieving this has not only been seen in scholarly articles to that effect, but also within the argument that the ‘new’ constitutional dispensation is nothing more than the continuation of the previous regime masked only with a different face.8 The retention of racial classification gives prima facie credence to this belief. Adopted into the legal system through the Populations Registration Act of 1950 (PRA), racial classification would thenceforth play a decisive role in the lived experiences of ordinary South Africans.9 The PRA would ‘establish race as a domain of knowledge independent of any particular training or expertise, based on the ordinary experience of racial difference, which ranked whiteness as its apex.’10 This lack of knowledge associated with racially classifying people has resulted in what has been coined the ‘common sense’ approach.11 This approach deems it common sense that one can automatically classify what race another belongs to without having any pre-existing knowledge on how to classify or what the blood lineage of the person being classified was. Initially the categories comprised of ‘White’, ‘Native’ and ‘Coloured’ (with Indians being deemed a subset of the latter)12 however, with the passage of time the categories now reflect as ‘White’, ‘Black’ (or ‘African’), and ‘Coloured’, with ‘Indian’ now being a separate category.13 There has also been the inclusion of the category of ‘Other’14 with ‘Asian’ making intermittent appearances. With the advent of the new constitutional dispensation which focused on achieving national unity and the reconstruction of society,15
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Naidoo, Vinothan. "Ethnic nationalism and democratisation in South Africa : political implications for the rainbow nation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2000. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/2313/1/NAIDOO-MA-TR00-92.pdf.
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Ethnic identities in South Africa have had a particularly contrived history, set within the constraints and motivations of population classification by race. A more democratic political environment emerged with the dismantling of apartheid, bringing with it a multitude of issues including the design and character of the country’s political institutions and framework. This thesis will address two principal questions. The first and primary one investigates what lies behind the initiation and development of ethnic bonds. The second concerns the political implications and management of ethnic expressions in a democratic South Africa. An analysis of Zulu ethnic nationalism will be undertaken, because it constituted the most prominent case of assertive communal interests during
democratic transitional negotiations.
This thesis argues that circumstantial and instrumental factors (based on conditions, and the actions of individuals and organizations respectively), have been predominately responsible for the initiation and formation of ethnic bonds, especially amongst those who identify with a Zulu identity. The “conditions” describe the increasingly segregationist direction in which successive South African
government authorities were moving, especially after the 1948 election victory of the National Party and the subsequent introduction of apartheid. Secondly, the “actions” denote the motivations of both Zulu actors and governments in generating and elaborating an ethnic discourse where their desired interests could be more effectively supported and assured.
It will also be argued that because of the instrumental and selective use of ethnicity, as well as the narrow interests being served by its popular and community-centred expressions, a developing South African democratic culture should seek to protect ethnic diversity rather than promote ethnic interests. To do so would be to deny the perpetuation of ethnic cleavages and the violence and instability perpetrated in its name in recent years. The “protection” of cultural diversity is consistent with a constitution that seeks non-discrimination among all South African identities. Finally, it is believed that an emphasis on the individual as individual, as well as member of a cultural group, will break from subordinating the individual to an ascribed racial and ethnic identity as in the past, and assist in reconstituting the state as equally reflective of all South Africans.
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Mokoena, Thato Reitumetse. "Black peoples' experiences of the 'rainbow nation' and reconciliation in post-apartheid South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/72173.
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After the abolition of apartheid, a process of healing and reconciliation was initiated in order for South Africa to move forward, grow and prosper. However, 25 years into democracy there is seemingly a lack of resolution. Instances of overt and covert racism, as well as anger and frustration have emerged increasingly, and repeatedly, as reflected in on-going recent events such as violent service delivery protests as well as the emergence of movements such as Fees Must Fall. Therefore, there is value in investigating the lived experiences of South Africans at this time in an attempt to understand the apparent discontent which calls into question the national narrative of reconciliation. The overall aim of this study was to explore the lived experiences of black South Africans with regards to the constructs of the ‘rainbow nation’ and ‘reconciliation’ following two-and-a-half decades of democratic rule. Situated within a phenomenological framework, the research process included in-depth interviews with black South Africans ages 40 and over. The focus on black participants was an attempt to fill the gap that is left by the dominance of content related to reconciliation focusing on the prejudice reduction of white people, prioritising white phenomena in the literature and otherwise. Data analysis was conducted through thematic analysis which allowed a number of themes to emerge. Themes included: loss; burden of blackness on identity and purpose; the problem of white privilege, lack of willingness to change and racism. Moreover, themes of theory versus reality and mistrust were also significant among the findings. From the themes that emerged it can be concluded that the black experience of the reality of living in South Africa is incongruent with the constructs of the ‘rainbow nation’ and ‘reconciliation’ that dominate the narrative of a democratic South Africa. The reality of post-apartheid South Africa is an unequal and divided country that requires more work, compromise and discomfort to attain the rainbow nation as it is envisioned. Hence, for these participants these constructs are more aspirational than reality-based.Mini Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Psychology
MA
Unrestricted
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Oliphant, Chanell. "The changing faces of the klopse: performing the rainbow nation during the Cape Town carnival." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3969.
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Magister Artium - MAThis thesis explores the embodied aesthetics of performance in the making of belonging in post-apartheid South Africa, through an investigation of the klopse, also known as Cape Minstrel and the ‘Coons’, which are part of the annual New Year’s carnival in Cape Town. For this thesis I use the word klopse to refer to the carnival troupes. I map how from its inception the carnival aesthetics changed and came to represent something new and different as the participants engaged with the changing South African and Cape Town society. These changes are explored in connection with both coloured identity politics in the context of the “rainbow nation” discourse and the efforts to represent carnival in Cape Town as a colourful event in a global city to international and national visitors. I argue that at the core of it is the issue of belonging which is embodied through the aesthetics.
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Malmgren, Oskar. "The Fading of the Rainbow Nation? : A Study about Democratic Consolidation in Post-Apartheid South Africa." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-100665.
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This thesis addresses the level of democratic consolidation in South Africa. The study aimed to provide a deeper understanding of the current political situation and the general state of democracy. As a method, a single case study was used where the political situation in post-apartheid South Africa was applied upon the concept of democratic consolidation by using five distinctive consolidation arenas: civil society, political society, judiciary, bureaucratic society and economic society. The results of the analysis show a variance in the degree of democratic consolidation in the country. The judiciary is very much well-functioning and independent and can therefore be classified as consolidated. The civil society and some elements of the political society are mostly functioning and can be classified as mostly consolidated with some reservations, while the bureaucratic and economic societies are deemed to be not consolidated. However, South Africa also possesses several obstacles for genuine consolidation that applies to all arenas, namely high degrees of violence, low social trust, and institutional weakness. The democratic system in South Africa is not currently considered to be under serious existential threat and has proven itself capable of withstanding high degrees of pressure. Nevertheless, it is found to be suffering from a type of democratic fatigue and transformation stagnation, which could have the potential to result in more serious implications in the future. South Africa can therefore be classified as a partly consolidated democracy.
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Lilja, Karin, and Sanna Kronqvist. "Building a Rainbow nation : A field study of the integration process at the North-West University in South Africa." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-2446.
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North West University is a creation of one of many mergers between previous universities in South Africa. The process is partly thought to integrate previous advantaged and disadvantaged universities, often also previous white or black dominated universities.
Even though the merger of NWU has been perceived as successful by many, there are still problems and tensions between the campuses. This report will describe the integration process at NWU as well as handle people’s perceptions towards it and towards the changes brought by the merger. The study has been done through thematic open interviews by staff, management and students at two of the three campuses in the merger of NWU, Mafikeng and Potchefstroom. In our report we have found six clusters which we examine; responses to the merger, within and outside group, differences, history, social status, and within and outside process.
All through the report the traces from history and Apartheid are still visible in people’s minds and in the clashes between the groups. History also affects the social status of the groups, affects that today create problems for integration.
The merger was opposed by both parts, however inevitable. People from Mafikeng were found more critical to the merger, highlighting the different power relations between the campuses and fear of being swallowed by Potchefstroom. Potchefstroom in general did not see many changes and white people seem to be more worried about their individual future.
Once united as one university there is still a low grade of integration or interaction between the campuses and between the groups within them. There have been initiatives to enhance integration at an organizational level, this has though not affected the social level in a significant way. One reason to the lack of integration might be the domination of one culture group at each campus, at Potchefstroom Afrikaans, and at Mafikeng SeTswana. This domination has shown to hinder integration since minority groups either feel left out or have to assimilate to fit in. Differences between the groups also create misunderstandings and clashes in the integration process. However we have seen that the persons within the merger process tend to be more positive than the people outside of it. This might be due to increased interaction, better information and a possibility to affect the outcome that makes the people involved more positive then the ones not involved.
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Conradie, Annemi. "Travelling snapshots of the Rainbow Nation : the commodification and performance of 'authentic' cultural identities in contemporary South African postcards." Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4251.
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Godfrey, Keith Paul. "Pots of gold? : the representation of identity in contemporary South African art at the end of the 'rainbow' nation." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2005. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29333/.
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South Africa faced a major challenge to produce an inclusive national identity from the ruins of common community that apartheid had left in its wake. Achieving a new national identity involved a massive project of nationalist reinvention, the 'rainbow' nation. Existence of a national consciousness was limited to the imagined anti-apartheid state 'reverse' nation. South Africans, including artists, initially supported the dynamic process of the formation of the new inclusive state and national community. However, disenchantment with the 'rainbowist' vision has led South Africans to recongregate around apartheid constituencies and tensions between competing nationalisms. Johannesburg and Cape Town act as catalyzers in the development of a post-apartheid society. Art produced there, and its (re-)presentation, provides an empirical base on which to analyze the negotiation of identities and the contested 'location of culture' in the societal architecture of the 'new' South Africa. Artists were a vital component in the construction of nationalism in the post-apartheid state. Tensions between the competing nationalist visions of how South Africa should culturally represent itself, both domestically and abroad, manifested themselves in the major exhibitions held since 1994. Internally, tensions between nationalisms clearly manifested themselves in the Johannesburg biennales. Outside the country, exhibitions played on the euphoria of transformation to propose a cultural unity that was illusory, but that fulfilled audience expectations and supported a national 'rainbowist' branding. Representation of the post-apartheid nation has divided artists between those identifying with the project to promote a South African nationalism and those preferring to be considered solely on the basis on their own artistic output. The framing of artistic debates in identity terms has led to an exodus of some artists to Europe. Other artists have remained to engage with the quest to achieve a post-apartheid national identity.
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Ederlöv, Ida, and Angelica Ring. "A rainbow nation hunting for opportunities abroad: : A study on the implications of BEE on South African SMMEs when they internationalize." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67059.
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Due to South Africa's history of apartheid the current regime have implemented the Black Economic Empowerment (BEE) policy to rectify the discrimination against previously disadvantaged groups. The BEE policy gives incentives for companies to hire non-whites in higher positions, like management, and the ambition with this is to create equality. With a qualitative research method and using an abductive approach this study research how South African SMMEs are influenced by the BEE policy when they internationalize. This study concludes that South African SMMEs are differently influenced by the BEE policy when they internationalize. Furthermore, this research shows that the impact is highly dependent on the business owners ethnicity. The influence the BEE policy had on black owned business was predominantly positive. However, the effect the BEE policy had on white owned businesses was more complex. As far as this research shows, the influence the BEE policy had on SMMEs when they internationalize are an extension of how the BEE policy influenced them in the domestic market. The authors recommendation is that the relationship between BEE and internationalization is further investigated and that this study is complemented with a quantitative research.
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Fletcher, Marc William. ""These whites never come to our game. What do they know about our soccer?" : soccer fandom, race, and the Rainbow Nation in South Africa." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7848.
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South African political elites framed the country’s successful bid to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup in terms of nation-building, evoking imagery of South African unity. Yet, a pre-season tournament in 2008 featuring the two glamour soccer clubs of South Africa, Kaizer Chiefs and Orlando Pirates, and the global brand of Manchester United, revealed a racially fractured soccer fandom that contradicted these notions of national unity through soccer. This thesis examines the racial divisions in Johannesburg soccer fandom, exploring the continuing wider importance of racial identities in post-apartheid South Africa. Sport is not merely a leisure activity but a space in which everyday identities are negotiated and contested. Specifically, soccer in South Africa has been a site in which racial divisions have been both entrenched and subverted, spanning the colonial era to the present day. However, in focusing on race, this thesis seeks to move beyond simple binaries that have characterised the debates on identity in South Africa; particularly race versus class. Race, through the perspective of creolisation, becomes unfixed and fluid. However, despite reinterpreting race, racial divisions still scar the post-apartheid city. Extensive ethnographic fieldwork with the supporters’ organisations of Kaizer Chiefs, Bidvest Wits and Manchester United football clubs in Johannesburg draws out narratives of fandom often marginalised in Africanist scholarship. Drawing on wide-ranging sources including participant observation, semi-structured interviews and local newspapers, themes of racial difference and otherness emerge. The divided Johannesburg soccer landscape reinforced feelings of disenfranchisement and marginalisation in everyday life from the predominantly white Manchester United supporters while the exclusively black Kaizer Chiefs constructed the domestic game as a black cultural space. While Bidvest Wits offers a symbolic case of multi-racial interaction, certain supporters began to challenge such fractures; some United supporters showed interest in attending domestic games while the Chiefs supporters viewed the researcher as a conduit to attracting these white supporters. Furthermore, the national euphoria generated during 2010 World Cup did temporarily alter perspectives of the city and how the supporters travelled through it, challenging perceived barriers. Yet, themes of exclusion and division remained, brought back to the fore after the tournament.
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Schultheiß, Almut [Verfasser], Viola [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Georgi, and Volker [Gutachter] Schubert. "Außerschulische Jugendbildung in der Rainbow-Nation - Aspekte von Citizenship Education im Südafrika der Post-Apartheid / Almut Schultheiß ; Gutachter: Viola Georgi, Volker Schubert ; Betreuer: Viola Georgi." Hildesheim : Universität Hildesheim, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1126254231/34.
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Riddles, Alton. "Cultural production and the struggle for authenticity : a Study of the Rastafarian student organization at the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3972.
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Magister Artium - MAThis thesis explores the precarious nature of authenticity as it manifested itself in the activities of H.I.M. Society, the Rastafarian student organization at the University of the Western Cape. Ethnographic research was conducted, to explore the above mentioned issue, which involved observation of various activities and in depth interviews. I also inquired about outsiders' perspectives on Rastafarianism and H.I.M. Society in particular. Authenticity, as it is conceived in this thesis, is about what a group of people deem culturally important. Three important ideas follow from this. The first is that not everyone in a group agrees on what is important. Put differently authenticating processes tend to be characterized by legitimizing crises. Therefore, secondly, social actors need to invest cultural ideas, objects and practices with authenticity. Lastly the authenticating processes are predicated on boundaries not necessarily as a means of exclusion but as fundamental to determining the core of cultural being and belonging
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Magwaza, Isheunesu. "An investigation of media representation of the complexities confronting the concept of the 'Rainbow Nation' as a South African social reality: an analysis of the works of Trevor Noah." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1015711.
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This study is an investigation into the representation of complexities confronting the concept of the Rainbow Nation as a South African social reality. The study is based on the works of Trevor Noah, one of post-Apartheid South Africa‘s eminent stand-up comedians whose two media works, The Day Walker and Crazy Normal, tackle issues pertaining to the socio-political and economic realities that are prevailing in South Africa. The mass media products continue to receive wide acclaim from both, media circles and audiences from racially diversified societies. They are delivered in a mimetic stereotypical manner that cuts across the length and breadth of the South African society. Trevor Noah‘s comedy uses humour to provide the South African society with an opportunity ―[for brutal honesty] to explore, affirm, deny, and ultimately to change its structure and its values‖ (Turner, 1977:33). Representations made in his comedy, more than providing people with a tonic for laughter, also create for the society momentary instances of thought which transcend the theatre stage in which the humour is delivered. Courtesy of these representations, his comedy infiltrates the people‘s sub-consciousness and engages them on those issues pertaining to race-relations and multicultural tolerance which are more often than not trivialised but are influential in shaping the status quo.
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Meares, Carina. "From the rainbow nation to the land of the long white cloud : migration, gender and biography : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology,Massey University, Albany, New Zealand /." Massey University Institutional Repository: From the Rainbow Nation to the Land of the Long White Cloud : migration, gender and biography, 2007. http://muir.massey.ac.nz/handle/10179/625.
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Mafuta, Willy. "Imagined Communities: The Role of the Churches During and After Apartheid in Sophiatown." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/34262.
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Many around the world have come to know South Africa as the rainbow nation, yet this notion has been subject to enormous critiques in the political discourse. The rainbow nation was conceived by the Government of National Unity that came to power in 1994, but it failed to materialize. What post-apartheid South Africa has yielded instead is a nation, or an imagined community, where race and ethnicity never receded. Although they are no longer pathological, race and ethnicity have become normative typifications of an overarching identity. Churches in particular have played a major role in creating a new identity.
Churches have managed to move beyond the yoke of race and ethnicity enforced during the Apartheid under the Group Areas Act and the Resettlement Acts, and epitomized by the destruction of the vibrant city of Sophiatown and, in its place, the building of Triomf, an Afrikaner imagined community. Churches have led the way in deconstructing the perceived or realized power or disempowerment that is residual to the Apartheid. In reconstructing the community, they have re-imagined an environment where race and ethnicity remain the standard component of the South African national identity. This re-imagining requires that race and ethnicity be constructed as relational rather than hierarchical. Moreover, it requires that one acknowledge the woundedness (e.g., shame, anger, guilt, hurt, humiliation, betrayal, fear, resentment) that racial typifications create. As a social construction, Churches in Sophiatown are fostering this ethical environment where these values are embraced.
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Duncan, Kari J. "Performance characterization of Erwin, Shasta, and Kamloops strains of rainbow trout under culture conditions at White Sulphur Springs National Fish Hatchery, West Virginia." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-12162009-020338/.
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Buktenica, M. W. "Ecology of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout in Crater Lake, a deep ultraoligotrophic caldera lake (Oregon) /." View full-text version online through Crater Lake Digital Research Collection, 1988. http://craterlakelib.oit.edu/u?/craterlake,195.
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Marchaza, Lauren Marie. "Selling Authenticity: The Role of Zuni Knifewings and Rainbow Gods in Tourism of the American Southwest." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180626964.
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Muhlfeld, Clint Cain. "Behavioral, ecological, and fitness consequences of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewis) and nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss)." Thesis, Montana State University, 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/muhlfeld/MuhlfeldC1208.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropogenic hybridization is one of the greatest threats to global biodiversity. Hybridization and introgression may lead to a loss of locally adapted gene complexes and ecological adaptations in native populations, yet these potential consequences have not been fully evaluated in nature. I investigated factors influencing the spread of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss) in the upper Flathead River system, Montana (USA) and British Columbia (Canada). The fundamental questions of my dissertation were: what are the behavioral, ecological, and fitness consequences of hybridization and what factors influence successful invasion of hybrids? First, I assessed the patterns of spawning between parental species and their hybrids and found that hybridization alters the spawning behavior of migratory westslope cutthroat trout, and is spreading via long distance dispersal of hybrids from downstream sources and some temporal overlap during spawning. Second, I describe for the first time how a wide range of levels of nonnative admixture affect fitness of cutthroat trout in the wild by estimating reproductive success in a recently invaded stream using parentage analysis with multilocus microsatellite markers. Small amounts of hybridization markedly reduced reproductive success, with fitness exponentially declining by ~50% with 20% nonnative genetic admixture. Finally, I evaluated the association of local-habitat features, landscape characteristics, and biotic factors with the spread of hybridization in the system, and found that hybridization increases in streams with warmer water temperatures, high land use disturbance and close proximity to the source of hybridization; however, none of these factors appeared sufficient to prevent further spread. These combined results suggest that hybrids are not only genetically different than westslope cutthroat trout but also have reduced fitness and are ecologically different, and that hybridization is likely to continue to spread if hybrid populations with high amounts of rainbow trout admixture are not reduced or eliminated. I conclude that extant aboriginal cutthroat trout are at greater conservation risk due to hybridization than previously thought and policies that protect hybridized populations need reconsideration.
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Andersson, Tova. "Live and Let Love : En kritisk studie av svensk homonationalism i en politisk manifestation i samband med de olympiska spelen i Sotji 2014." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30511.
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The aim of this thesis is to examine how the construction of the swedish national self-image can be interpreted in relation to the protests against the russian anti-gay laws, leading up to the olympic games in Sotji 2014. I form a basis for my analysis in Jasbir K. Puars conceptual frame of homonationalism and examine the swedish political action Live and Let Love that took place at Stockholms Stadion in the fall of 2013. The analysis shows how the inclusion of a homonormative homosexuality becomes an important factor for the construction of Sweden as an open and tolerant nation in contrast to Russia as a non tolerant nation. This construction of "us" and the "Other" manifests through a discourse of tolerance. The national sense of community is formed through interaction between national symbols and symbols of the LGBT community.
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Robinson, Michael D., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "The ecological consequences of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus Clarkii Lewisi) and introduced rainbow trout (O. Mykiss) in south western Alberta." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2007, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/672.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis addresses the issue of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout
(Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and introduced rainbow trout (O. mykiss), giving strong
consideration to their differing glacial refugia during the Wisconsin Glaciation. We
hypothesize that having more recently derived from an anadromous form O. mykiss will
possess life history characteristics more typical of a highly anadromous species. This
hypothesis would also predict hybrids to be intermediate in these characteristics. In a
comparison of growth rates and survivorship (Chapter 2) O. clarkii lewisi were found to
employ a slower growing, longer lived strategy than O. mykiss, with hybrids typically
being intermediate. Additionally, O. mykiss were also found to have aerobic and
anaerobic metabolic capacities superior to O. clarkii lewisi in a first time comparison of
these species (Chapter 3). These results support the glacial refuge hypothesis, but
furthermore provide a potential explanation of the establishment of the elevational
gradient commonly observed in hybridization studies. It would seem likely that O. mykiss
would require more productive reaches being a faster growing, shorter lived species with
higher metabolic costs. This study confirmed the gradient of O. mykiss persisting at lower
elevations, trending through a hybrid zone to pure O. clarkii lewisi in headwater reaches
and above migratory barriers (Chapter 2). A similar gradient was also reported when
considering only the hybrid population, supporting the notion that habitat preference is
under some genotypic control. The importance of migratory barriers was found to
decrease with elevation suggesting potential additional limiting factors. Hybrid
individuals were also found to be intermediate in morphological characteristics (Chapter
4). The confidence in differentiating between pure and non-pure O. clarkii lewisi was found to increase with the number of O. mykiss alleles (degree of hybridization) an
individual possessed. Morphological-based identification was found to be an efficient,
cost-friendly, preliminary assessment tool that could be useful in limiting the number of
sites needing detailed genetic assessment.152 leaves : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm.
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Shelton, Jeremy Mark. "Impacts of non-native rainbow trout on stream food webs in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa integrating evidence from surveys and experiments." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6189.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Impacts of invasive predators may be influenced by whether or not native predators which function in the same way as the invasive predator exist in the recipient system. Impacts are expected to be strong in isolated systems lacking functionally similar predators because native species will be naïve to the foraging behaviour of the introduced predator, and because the invasion is likely to change the role which the native predator assemblage performs. In this thesis I studied how the introduction of a functionally novel predatory fish, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, has affected native fish, and how changes in the functioning of the predator assemblage have influenced lower trophic levels, in headwater streams in a catchment area within the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Fish populations, benthic invertebrate assemblages, benthic algae and particulate organic matter were surveyed in each of 24 minimally-disturbed headwater streams in the upper Breede River catchment, and relevant environmental variables in each stream measured, over one summer.
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Williams, Jakobi Emon. "Racial coalition politics in Chicago a case study of Fred Hampton, the Illinois Black Panther Party, and the origin of the Rainbow Coalition /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1692812591&sid=16&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Onanga, Ndjila Blanchard. "Barack Obama et les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques : héritages, tensions, adaptations (2004-2010)." Phd thesis, Université Michel de Montaigne - Bordeaux III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990183.
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La présente étude examine comment les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques que sont la Rainbow Push Coalition, la NAACP et la National Urban League ont contribué à l'élection du 44e président des États-Unis, Barack Obama. Elle établit dans un premier temps comment la participation du Révérend Jesse Jackson aux élections de 1984 et 1988 a contribué à l'émergence du processus démocratique à l'origine de l'élection de Barack Obama, premier président américain issu de la communauté africaine américaine. Dans un second temps, elle met en évidence comment l'action transformative du mouvement des droits civiques ayant conduit à la promulgation du Voting Rights Act de 1965 par le président Lyndon B. Johnson, sous l'impulsion du Dr Martin Luther King, mais aussi de Roy Wilkins et Whitney Young contribua à l'élection de Barack Obama en 2008. En analysant la participation de Jesse Jackson aux élections présidentielles américaines, notre objectif est de montrer comment il est parvenu à faire changer les règles de nomination des candidats issus des minorités au sein du parti démocrate. Elle a permis de montrer comment Obama en fut le bénéficiaire en devenant d'abord le nominé du parti démocrate, puis le président des États-Unis. D'où notre analyse du processus électoral de 2008. L'étude fait ainsi un tour d'horizon des désaccords qui ont surgi lors de l'élection présidentielle de 2008, entre Hillary Clinton et Barack Obama d'une part, puis entre ce dernier et John McCain d'autre part. Elle examine, par ailleurs, dans une perspective sociologique, les conflits qui se sont succédés au sein de la communauté africaine américaine, notamment entre certains dirigeants africains américains et Obama avant et pendant l'élection présidentielle de 2008, relatifs aux valeurs familiales, à l'incident racial des "Six de Jena" ou encore à la participation de Barack Obama à l'élection présidentielle. La question relative à la notion d'une Amérique post-raciale qui se présenta suite à l'élection d'Obama sera également abordée. Elle démontre comment son élection n'a malheureusement pas pu changer les mentalités des Américains au sujet de la question raciale de manière radicale et combien le racisme demeure une question fondamentale, majeure aux États-Unis au 21e siècle. Enfin, l'étude examine la collaboration post-électorale entre les organisations de lutte pour les droits civiques et l'administration Obama.
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Monamodi, Nthabiseng. "Rainbow pride in the rainbow nation: the fictional representation of lesbians on the South African Broadcasting Corporation." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/7264.
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Abstract
Diversity of representation is a key principle of the role of the media within a democracy. This
responsibility is of particular importance to the function of a public service broadcaster as it is
required to represent the diversity and the programming interests of all citizens including
minority groups. The South African Broadcasting Corporation is charged with this task as well
as overcoming its past as a restrictive and bigoted state broadcaster under the apartheid regime.
This negative past has forced the SABC to attempt to be inclusive of all groups that were
formally marginalised within the South African society. The minority group that is of particular
interest to this study are lesbians, whose representation in fictional television programmes on the
SABC is critically examined for diversity. These fictional depictions are often reliant on negative
stereotypes, which also encourage a limited form of lesbian visibility in the media.
Through an analysis of two different programmes Hard Copy and Society on SABC 3 and SABC
1 respectively, the fictional representation of lesbians is viewed critically. We see the manner in
which notions such as heteronormativity, stereotype, normalisation, and visibility inform the
depiction of lesbianism in these programmes. This analysis is achieved through the application of
theories of representation and the critical political economy of the media.
A number of conclusions are made. Firstly, the programmes on the SABC in which lesbians are
represented are heavily reliant on stereotypes although they are not always inherently negative.
Secondly, diversity is limited and restricted as some of the roles are not multi-dimensional and
one way in which this occurs is through the relative de-sexualisation of these characters. Finally,
entertainment value outweighs the attempts made to depict diversity in the fictional
representation of lesbianism within these programmes on the SABC.
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Leisegang, Alexandra. "From ‘White Liberal’ to ‘Rainbow Nation’ and Beyond:The dynamics of party adaptation in a racialised environment." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/26615.
Full textAbstract:
A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Political Studies
University of the WitwatersrandThe Democratic Alliance (DA) has been the only opposition party in democratic South Africa to demonstrate consistent growth in every election since 1994. In order to achieve this growth, it has had to adapt its label from a ‘White Liberal’ party to a Rainbow Nation party in a racialised environment where race still affects voter choice. The party’s greatest challenge has been to attract black voters and this has formed a central feature of its adaptation since the late 1990s. Although the DA’s growth is well-documented in the literature on elections in South Africa, there has been little scholarly interrogation of the dynamics of the DA’s growth from a party behaviour perspective. The thesis seeks to fill this gap by providing an explanation for the DA’s growth through party behaviour theory. Using the Party Evolution Model (Lamprinakou, 2008), the thesis examines the party’s origins, its identity and its political marketing adaptation from 1994 to 2017. Beginning with the formation of the Progressive Party in 1959, the thesis follows the party’s several reoriginations which led to the formation of what is now the DA. It identifies the party’s organisational type and ideological identity and how this is beginning to shift as the party attempts to attract black voters. The adaptation of the party into a modern, diverse party occurs at the organisational and political marketing levels. Through an exploration of party communications, policies and internal documents from 1994 to 2017, the thesis argues that the DA has adapted from a policy-seeking, product-oriented party to a vote-seeking hybrid of sales- and market-orientation. The thesis explores the DA’s organisational and party label adaptation; its attempts to balance its racial markets since 1994; the realignment of politics in South Africa; and the connection between the DA’s history and its present trajectory.
E.R. 2019
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Tshawane, Nwamilorho Joseph. "The rainbow nation : a critical analysis of the notions of community in the thinking of Desmond Tutu." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3761.
Full textAbstract:
The Rainbow Nation is a critical analysis of the notions of community in the thinking of Desmond Tutu. An attempt is being made in this study to demonstrate that the ideal of the Rainbow Nation –an inclusive human community- is a defining motif in Tutu's theological and biblical hermeneutical work. The main discussion in the research project begins by raising a fundamental question which serves as the basis for an analytical construct to examine Tutu's understanding and view of community. The second part of this study focuses on Tutu's early life experiences of community within the South African context. Tutu's writings, sermons, public addresses and statements are systematically and chronologically arranged and presented. This study concludes that Tutu's theology against the apartheid system and his vision for new South Africa, the Rainbow Nation- an inclusive South African Community- rests on triadic doctrines: The Imago Dei, creation of man in the image of God, The Delicate Networks of Interdependence (African Spirit of Ubuntu) and Ecclesiology, which represents the kingdom of God on earth. It is no wonder that out of an oppressive condition Tutu sought a universal vision of inclusive humanity which transcends the barriers of race, class, tribe, ethnicity, religion and other forms of sectarianism. The fundamental problem addressed here, is the notions of community. Its importance and relevance lies in its examination of his approach to the logical development understanding, and realisation of the ideal of the Rainbow Nation. A serious contention in this study is that a critical analysis of the problem in Tutu's thinking can yield insight into the conception, character and realisation of a more inclusive, loving and caring human community.
However the author of this study is aware of the fact that one cannot possibly exhaust all the salient aspects of the rainbow nation as a model of an inclusive human community. What this study is attempting to provide here is the insight into the thinking of Desmond Tutu that makes contribution to the discussion of the realisation of the beloved human community.
The model of human inclusive community proposed here is functional not contemplative theoretical. Human inclusive community has always been a dynamic force and has social implications which cannot all be covered by this study.Systematic Theology
D. Th. (Systematic Theology)
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Dhlamini, Mbali. "The master's cloth: a rainbow nation, exploring faith and spirituality through colour, a study of Apostolic and Zionist movements in Soweto." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/20778.
Full textAbstract:
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of
Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
degree of Masters of Arts in Fine Art by Dissertation.
Johannesburg 2016Colour has always played an important role in South Africa; from the beginning of colonialism when “Africans” were converted to Christianity and baptised in white robes, to the bright colourful church garments that flood Soweto on Sundays. In the nineteenth century “Africans” began to reimagine their faith and spiritually. Seeking independence and a sense of identity, they began to fuse Western Christian ideologies with “African” spiritual beliefs and attire, which led to the origin of African Independent Churches (AIC). I aim to demonstrate how colour was not only used as a break away from colonial influences, but was also used to portray African spiritual beliefs and to create a distinctive “African” religious identity. This paper aims to study colour usage and it’s meaning within the South African context in order to show how colour use within Apostolic and Zionist movements relates to traditional African spirituality. The paper aims to show how colours used within both movements are symbolic and are thus used as spiritual codes. The paper will look at contemporary colours in order to show how Apostolic and Zionist movements continue to use colour to shape their spiritual identity.
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Moller, Valerie, H. Dickow, and M. Harris. "South Africa's "Rainbow People", national pride and happiness." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010751.
Full textAbstract:
Since the first free elections were held in April 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ''rainbow people''. The paper inquires whether South Africans who experienced pride in their nation in the first years of democracy also perceived a greater sense of subjective well-being. It is proposed that national pride in post-apartheid South Africa might be fused with or work through self-esteem to lift levels of happiness. The paper traces the history of the new integrating civil religion of the rainbow people and the acceptance of the rainbow as a political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa immediately after the 1994 elections and two years later. The proposed link between national pride and happiness was explored with data from two independent national surveys, the 1995 South African World Values Survey conducted by Markinor and a June 1996 MarkData syndicated omnibus survey. The study found that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol was inclusive of all groups in society and that feelings of national pride and support for the rainbow ideal were positively associated with subjective well-being. As indicated by intensity and frequency measures, the majority of South Africans were proud of their country and could name a national achievement that inspired pride. Better-off South Africans tended to be happier and more satisfied with life but less proud, while the poor were less happy but fiercely proud of their country. Results suggest that belief in South Africa’s ''rainbow nation'' ideal may have assisted in boosting happiness during the transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Supporters of the ideal of the rainbow nation were more optimistic than others about the future of their country.
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Botha, Woudri. "Ideology and myth in South African television : a critical analysis of SABC channel brand identities." Diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26820.
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This dissertation investigates the brand identities of the South African Broadcasting Corporation television channels SABC1, SABC2 and SABC3 during the first decade of the 2000s (from 2000 to 2009). The study explores the manifestation and dissemination of dominant political ideologies and myths by the SABC television channels and their respective brand identities. It is argued that SABC television channels are structured and organised according to specific brand ideologies that match dominant political ideologies prevalent in South Africa. This is evident from the manner in which these channels have been organised, defined and redefined over the past years, and also from the self-promotional visual imagery shown by the television channels. The visual brand identities of each channel create the elements that make up each channel’s visual vocabulary, and each visual vocabulary in turn contributes to notions of “South Africanness” and definitions of South African identity. The study also explores the main concepts of ideology theory as a critical discursive practice to assist in a better understanding of the power relations in the SABC and its channel brands in particular. Some developments and changes in the SABC brand identities and the organisation of its television channels are studied from a historical perspective and correlated with ideology theory. In order to do this, the study also draws from semiotic theory. The author notes the semiotic quality of a brand and argues that the process of branding, the process of semiosis and the process of the dissemination of political ideologies bear structural resemblance. Basic definitions and key concepts of branding and corporate identity contribute to an enhanced understanding of the visual brand identities of the SABC television channels. An exploration of the elements specific to television channel branding helps to determine the signs, codes and meanings in SABC television channel branding.Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Visual Arts
unrestricted
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Dickow, H., and Valerie Moller. "South Africa's `Rainbow People', national pride and optimism: a trend study." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1010747.
Full textAbstract:
Since the first democratic elections of 1994, South Africans are popularly known as the ‘rainbow people'. The paper reports the acceptance of the rainbow as political symbol of unity among the diverse people of South Africa at three times: Immediately after the 1994 elections, two years later in 1996, and five years later in 1999 after the second general elections. The database for the study are responses to items placed with a syndicated national survey conducted countrywide. The public discourse on the rainbow is reviewed through personal interviews with a panel of 25 elites contacted in the run-up to the second general elections. The researchers revisit conclusions based on the earlier results (Møller, Dickow and Harris, 1999). The third round of research finds that the appeal of the rainbow as political symbol has waned but is still inclusive of all groups in society. Projections of national pride have shifted from the rainbow as symbol of unity and reconciliation to other icons of achievement such as the Reconstruction and Development Programme and prowess in sport. Support for the political symbolism of the rainbow is positively associated with happiness, life satisfaction and optimism. Lack of a focus of national pride is associated with pessimism. Results support the conclusion reached earlier that belief in the `rainbow nation' ideal boosts optimism and promotes happiness during South Africa's transition to a stable democracy, thereby preventing alienation among the losers under the new political dispensation. Linkages between acceptance of the rainbow symbol, subjective well-being and optimism are discussed in the light of the socio-political changes which have taken place in South Africa since democracy.
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Hrabik, Thomas R. "Distribution patterns and feeding characteristics of rainbow smelt in Wisconsin Effects on native fishes /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35142531.html.
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Parker, Joseph Michael. "The influence of hydrological patterns on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) population dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." 2008. http://etd.utk.edu/2008/December2008MastersTheses/ParkerJosephMichael.pdf.
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Muhlfeld, Clint Cain. "Behavioral, ecological, and fitness consequences of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi) and nonnative rainbow trout (O. mykiss)." 2008. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2008/muhlfeld/MuhlfeldC1208.pdf.
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Krueger, Anton Robert. "Experiments in freedom : representations of identity in new South African drama : an investigation into identity formations in some post-apartheid play-texts published in English by South African writers, from 1994 - 2007." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/29095.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines ways in which identities have been represented in new South African play texts. It begins by exploring various ways in which identity has been described from various philosophical, psychological and anthropological perspectives. In particular, the thesis describes its methodology in terms of Gilles Deleuze's definition of "rhizomatic" structures. The introduction also elaborates ways in which drama is uniquely suited to represent ¨C as well as to effect ¨C transformations of identity. The thesis then moves on to an examination of specific texts in terms of four broad areas of investigation ¨C gender, political affiliation, ethnicity and syncretism. In these chapters a number of play texts are investigated from different points of view. Firstly, in a chapter on gender, the thesis focuses specifically on issues of masculinity and exile in plays by Athol Fugard, Anthony Akerman and Zakes Mda. This chapter explores orientations of the masculine which have become embedded within notions of nationalism and patriotism. In terms of political affiliations, the thesis looks at what Loren Kruger has called "post-anti-apartheid theatre" (2002: 233) and considers the trend away from protest theatre. With reference to the plays of Mike van Graan it also examines new forms of protest theatre. This chapter also explores plays which were inspired by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) and looks in more detail at Ubu and the Truth Commission by Jane Taylor. When considering ethnicities, the thesis reflects on how identity in terms of an ethnic collective is most often premised on laws of exclusion, and on the construction of what Benedict Anderson refers to as an "imagined community" (1991: 15). Representations of ethnic identities are then analysed in Happy Natives by Greig Coetzee. Syncretism seems to present a preferable description of how South African identities can be constructed and the thesis then elaborates attempts to forge a new identity in terms of amalgamation and a creative fusion of cultural resources, with particular reference to the plays of Brett Bailey and Reza de Wet. In the conclusion of this thesis, the thorny issue of racial identities is considered, and in particular the trope of the "rainbow nation", which many writers regard as a problematic blanketing description which cancels out difference. Instead, Ashraf Jamal's "radical syncretism", which does not seek to subsume heterogeneous identities, is suggested as a viable means of approaching definitions of identity. The final chapter also briefly touches on the development of physical theatre in South Africa and describes how the body can be used as a tool for transformation, relying principally on the writings of Mark Fleishman and Eugenio Barba in this regard. Finally, again resorting to a Deleuzian vocabulary which describes identity as constructed in terms of lines operating on particular planes, the thesis considers whether it may not be more beneficial in the post-apartheid context to favour paradoxical processes which relinquish identities, instead of those which attempt to consolidate them. @ 2008 Author Please cite as follows: Krueger, AR 2008, Experiments in freedom : representations of identity in new South African drama : an investigation into identity formations in some post-apartheid play-texts published in English by South African writers, from 1994 - 2007, DLitt thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10282008-141823/ > D497/gmThesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2008.
English
unrestricted
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Tsai, Ching-Hsiu, and 蔡青秀. "Rainbow Express Train: A Case Study on the Outreach Program of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ryd488.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
美術學系
106
Abstract For the popularization and promotion of arts, the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts (NTMoFA) officially launched an outreach program, “Rainbow Express Train of the National Taiwan Museum of Fine Arts”, in 2016. The purpose of this paper aims to probe into the school project conducted in the summer vacation of the same year, learning about the planning concept and process, the curriculum and education, the experience of volunteer teachers’ engagement, the level of satisfaction of the participants and the learning outcome, as well as to offer insights for the planning of museum’s outreach service project. This paper is a case study with qualitative approach as the main methodology, aided by quantitative data. The subjects were the museum staff, the volunteer teachers, the school principal, and the students participating in the project. With means of participant observation, in-depth interview, portfolio, and questionnaire, data are collected and analyzed. In terms of the questionnaire’s structure, basic information, level of satisfaction, Generic Learning Outcomes (GLOs), and open questions are included to capture the effectiveness of the project. With the research purpose at its core, the study arrives at the conclusion as followed: (1) The planning of project was based on the concept of promoting art education in society, and the process was in accordance with the ideal model of planning. The project shared arts to rural areas through the efforts of volunteers, so that the students from the school in rural area may appreciate the fun in arts. The planning process follows the ideal model from the environment analysis of museum inside out and of the attributes of learners to the completion of project evaluation. Combined with the unilateral cooperation mode based on the communication of good faith to align the museum and the school, it became the key to a successful execution of activity. (2) Situation Model was utilized in the project to develop contents of curriculum in the frameworks of dynamic activities and static activities, together with teaching methods such as the stimulus-response model, discovery learning model, and constructivism learning model in the museum education theory. The design of curriculum took into consideration the school’s resources as well as the attributes and needs of students in the development of curriculum goals. Thus, the students could enjoy museum education from art learning and life education from group activities. The students provides the most feedback and responses when methods like question instruction, establishing condition for exploration and linking to the life experience of students were employed. (3) Volunteers demonstrated the attribute of self-actualization with high level of passion in service, appreciation toward service experience, teaching ability, and the capability to plan and execute activities independently. The motivation of volunteers partaking in the activities indicated their commitment and social interest. They viewed things and people they served from a refreshing angle full of dynamic and fun. The volunteers had the knowledge as well as competence of teaching, completed the planning of educational activities and curriculum design, followed by successful execution. It is the embodiment of spontaneity and creativity, revealing not just the fact that the NTMoFA volunteers carry the attribute of self-actualization, but they being the potential force to vitalize museum education and the assets to the museum to popularize art education in society. (4) The outcomes of evaluations on the level of satisfaction from the project’s participants and on the GLOs meet the expectation for the project. The result of evaluation indicates an 85% of approval rate with the area of “teaching content” outperforms the rest. The result of GLOs evaluation reveals an 83% of approval rate with the dimension of “enjoyment, inspiration, and creativity” outshines the rest. The students gave significantly positive feedback and identification toward the project. In short, this was a successful museum education project. The author would like to offer suggestions on the practices of museum‘s outreach service development: The museum-school collaboration must be based on good faith; the curriculum development and the application of education theories in teaching should put learners at their core; volunteers should be empowered to be able to conduct educational activities. In regard to the recommendation for future study, three aspects can be considered: the width and the depth of research content as well as the selection of methodology.
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Rubidge, Emily. "Molecular analysis of hybridization between native westslope cutthroat trout (oncorhynchus clarki lewisi) and introduced rainbow trout (O.mykiss) in southeastern British Columbia." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14421.
Full textAbstract:
Westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki lewisi, WCT) and introduced rainbow trout (0. mykiss, RBT) readily hybridize and introgression has occurred in many drainages across the historic range of WCT. In British Columbia, the upper Kootenay River drainage is the heart of WCT distribution and is thought to be a refuge for genetically pure populations. In this study, I assess the extent and distribution of WCT x RBT hybridization in the upper Kootenay River drainage, examine the genotypic structure of hybridizing populations using population genetic analyses, and examine the potential for differential selection between pure WCT and hybrid individuals using cohort analysis. Caudal fin clips were collected from 981 fish at 23 sample sites in 12 different streams in the upper Kootenay River drainage. I used 4 diagnostic nuclear loci to determine the extent of hybridization at each sample site. Fourteen percent (142/981) of individuals were identified as hybrids, 3.4% (33/981) were identified as pure RBT, and the remaining individuals were identified as pure WCT. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicated that hybrid matings occur between males and females of both species. Although pure RBT were absent from the majority of sites (20/23), I found evidence of hybridization at 78% (18/23) of samples sites and the percentage of heterospecific alleles (% I) ranged from 0.7-97.1%. Only 22% (5/23) of sample sites showed no evidence of hybridization. The majority of hybrid individuals were genotypically classified as WCT backcrosses (59%) and post-F₂ individuals (24%). The skewed ratio of pure WCT to RBT (27:1), and the rarity of F₁ individuals (4 of 142 hybrids), suggests that the spread of RBT alleles is facilitated by hybrids straying to neighbouring populations. Spatial analysis showed clustering among hybridized sites and decreasing hybridization with increasing distance from Koocanusa Reservoir, suggesting that the reservoir acts as a RBT source. I found little evidence of differential selection between pure WCT and hybrid individuals. My results suggest that hybridization is relatively recent in the upper Kootenay River drainage and that it is increasing in magnitude and distribution. In the absence of timely management intervention, the genetic integrity of WCT populations in the heart of their Canadian range may be lost.
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Olynyk, Andrew John. "A diet analysis of two zooplanktivores, the non-indigenous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and the native cisco (Coregonus artedi) in Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/18325.
Full textAbstract:
Diets of two zooplanktivores were studied in Lake Winnipeg: the non-indigenous rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) and the native cisco (Coregonus artedi). Gut contents of smelt (70-130 mm total length) and cisco (100-200 mm TL) were concurrently collected with zooplankton (integrated vertical tows) from pre-determined locations throughout Lake Winnipeg in 2010 and 2011. When spatially separated, both zooplanktivores showed similar shifts from preference for fast-moving copepods during low total zooplankton density to slow-moving large cladocerans (Daphnia spp. and Eubosmina sp.) during high total zooplankton density. When spatially overlapped in the North Basin, dietary overlap was high between smelt and cisco, but possible vertical segregation was apparent during daylight-dark trawls. Diel variation in smelt diet was minimal. Overall, impact of smelt on the food web seemed weaker than in other smelt-invaded lakes, potentially owing to the warm, shallow nature of Lake Winnipeg providing a poorer quality habitat than cooler, deeper lakes.
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Parker, Joesph Michael. "The Influence of Hydrological Patterns on Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Population Dynamics in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park." 2008. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/484.
Full textAbstract:
Hydrologic processes impact the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and influence fish population dynamics. The flow regime of a stream affects the structure, composition, and productivity of fish communities by regulating abiotic habitat conditions and biotic community processes. In the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM), native brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations have declined in some watersheds over the past decade, believed to be primarily due to episodic acidification. The potential affects long-term hydrologic patterns, temporal hydrologic trends, and hydrologic extremes have on brook and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) populations were explored in this study. The current GRSM fish sampling program began nearly two decades ago; a total of 69 streams, including 369 sites, are routinely sampled by GRSM fisheries biologists with standard methods. Detailed data is collected on the trout populations. The Nature Conservancy¡¯s Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration (IHA) was used to quantify the flow regime of each stream into 67 ecological relevant parameters. Because the trout sites were located in remote ungaged streams, the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN (HSPF) was used to simulate flows at each trout site for a study period lasting 18 years (1990-2007). Using local climate data the model was calibrated by adjusting parameters including storage, infiltration, runoff, and ground water for three elevation classes (low < 800 m ¡Ü middle ¡Ü 1,200 m < high) to observed stream flows from two USGS gaging stations and one NPS gaging station. The parameters defined by IHA included the a) magnitude, b) frequency, c) duration, d) time, and e) rate of change of hydrological events. IHAs were statistically compared to the surveyed trout populations. Results indicated the abundance of young-of-the-year (YOY) brook and rainbow trout significantly declined after extreme floods and droughts. In particular, low-flows during droughts significantly reduced recruitment for both brook and rainbow trout, which is likely due to decreased spawning habitat. Brook trout populations in larger low-elevation streams showed more stability compared to smaller headwater streams. The study provided GRSM resource managers a calibrated hydrology model with unique flow parameters characterizing GRSM watersheds, and possible influences hydrologic conditions may have on trout populations.